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| | Meis2 | Homeobox protein Meis2; Involved in transcriptional regulation. Binds to HOX or PBX proteins to form dimers, or to a DNA-bound dimer of PBX and HOX proteins and thought to have a role in stabilization of the homeoprotein-DNA complex. Isoform Meis2B is required for the activity of a PDX1:PBX1b:MEIS2b complex in pancreatic acinar cells involved in the transcriptional activation of the ELA1 enhancer; the complex binds to the enhancer B element and cooperates with the transcription factor 1 complex (PTF1) bound to the enhancer A element; MEIS2 is not involved in complex DNA-binding. Probab [...] (477 aa) |
| | Stil | SCL-interrupting locus protein homolog; Immediate-early gene. Plays an important role in embryonic development as well as in cellular growth and proliferation; its long- term silencing affects cell survival and cell cycle distribution as well as decreases CDK1 activity correlated with reduced phosphorylation of CDK1. Plays a role as a positive regulator of the sonic hedgehog pathway, acting downstream of PTCH1. Plays an important role in the regulation of centriole duplication. Required for the onset of procentriole formation and proper mitotic progression. During procentriole formatio [...] (1262 aa) |
| | Sema3a | Semaphorin-3A; Plays a role in growth cones guidance. May function to pattern sensory projections by selectively repelling axons that normally terminate dorsally. Involved in the development of the olfactory system and in neuronal control of puberty (By similarity). Belongs to the semaphorin family. (772 aa) |
| | Wnt7a | Protein Wnt-7a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors that functions in the canonical Wnt/beta- catenin signaling pathway. Plays an important role in embryonic development, including dorsal versus ventral patterning during limb development, skeleton development and urogenital tract development. Required for central nervous system (CNS) angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier regulation. Required for normal, sexually dimorphic development of the Mullerian ducts, and for normal fertility in both sexes. Required for normal neural stem cell proliferation i [...] (349 aa) |
| | Shh | Sonic hedgehog protein N-product; [Sonic hedgehog protein]: The C-terminal part of the sonic hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis and a cholesterol transferase activity. Both activities result in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (ShhN and ShhC) followed by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated ShhN. Both activities occur in the reticulum endoplasmic. Once cleaved, ShhC is degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum. (437 aa) |
| | Disp1 | Protein dispatched homolog 1; Functions in hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Regulates the release and extracellular accumulation of cholesterol-modified hedgehog proteins and is hence required for effective production of the Hh signal. Synergizes with SCUBE2 to cause an increase in SHH secretion. Belongs to the dispatched family. (1521 aa) |
| | Ctnnb1 | Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa) |
| | Chrd | Chordin; Dorsalizing factor. Key developmental protein that dorsalizes early vertebrate embryonic tissues by binding to ventralizing TGF-beta family bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and sequestering them in latent complexes. (948 aa) |
| | Bmp7 | Bone morphogenetic protein 7; Induces cartilage and bone formation. May be the osteoinductive factor responsible for the phenomenon of epithelial osteogenesis. Plays a role in calcium regulation and bone homeostasis. (430 aa) |
| | Meis3 | Homeobox protein Meis3; Transcriptional regulator which directly modulates PDPK1 expression, thus promoting survival of pancreatic beta-cells. Also regulates expression of NDFIP1, BNIP3, and CCNG1. (378 aa) |
| | Kdm6a | Lysine-specific demethylase 6A; Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Demethylates trimethylated and dimethylated but not monomethylated H3 'Lys-27'. Plays a central role in regulation of posterior development, by regulating HOX gene expression. Demethylation of 'Lys-27' of histone H3 is concomitant with methylation of 'Lys-4' of histone H3, and regulates the recruitment of the PRC1 complex and monoubiquitination of histone H2A (By similarity). Plays a demethylase-independent role in chromatin remodeli [...] (1424 aa) |
| | Nog | Noggin; Essential for cartilage morphogenesis and joint formation. Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling which is required for growth and patterning of the neural tube and somite. Inhibits chondrocyte differentiation through its interaction with GDF5 and, probably, GDF6 (By similarity). Belongs to the noggin family. (232 aa) |
| | Six1 | Homeobox protein SIX1; Transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and embryonic development. Plays an important role in the development of several organs, including kidney, muscle and inner ear. Depending on context, functions as transcriptional repressor or activator. Lacks an activation domain, and requires interaction with EYA family members for transcription activation. Mediates nuclear translocation of EYA1 and EYA2. Binds the 5'-TCA[AG][AG]TTNC-3' motif present in the MEF3 element in the MYOG promoter. Regulates the expression of nume [...] (284 aa) |
| | Epb41l5 | Band 4.1-like protein 5; May contribute to the correct positioning of tight junctions during the establishment of polarity in epithelial cells. (731 aa) |
| | Neurog1 | Neurogenin-1; Acts as a transcriptional regulator. Involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. Activates transcription by binding to the E box (5'-CANNTG-3'). Associates with chromatin to enhancer regulatory elements in genes encoding key transcriptional regulators of neurogenesis. (244 aa) |
| | Efnb1 | Ephrin-B1 intracellular domain; Cell surface transmembrane ligand for Eph receptors, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases which are crucial for migration, repulsion and adhesion during neuronal, vascular and epithelial development. Binding to Eph receptors residing on adjacent cells leads to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. Shows high affinity for the receptor tyrosine kinase EPHB1/ELK (By similarity). Can also bind EPHB2 and EPHB3. Binds to, and induces the collapse of, commissural axons/growth cones in vitro. May play a role in constraining the orien [...] (345 aa) |
| | Meox1 | Homeobox protein MOX-1; Mesodermal transcription factor that plays a key role in somitogenesis and is specifically required for sclerotome development. Required for maintenance of the sclerotome polarity and formation of the cranio-cervical joints. Binds specifically to the promoter of target genes and regulates their expression. Activates expression of NKX3-2 in the sclerotome. Activates expression of CDKN1A and CDKN2A in endothelial cells, acting as a regulator of vascular cell proliferation. While it activates CDKN1A in a DNA-dependent manner, it activates CDKN2A in a DNA-independen [...] (253 aa) |
| | Pcsk6 | Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6; Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. (959 aa) |
| | Tmed2 | Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 2; Involved in vesicular protein trafficking. Mainly functions in the early secretory pathway but also in post-Golgi membranes. Thought to act as cargo receptor at the lumenal side for incorporation of secretory cargo molecules into transport vesicles and to be involved in vesicle coat formation at the cytoplasmic side. In COPII vesicle- mediated anterograde transport involved in the transport of GPI- anchored proteins and proposed to act together with TMED10 as their cargo receptor; the function specifically implies SEC24C and SEC24D of th [...] (201 aa) |
| | Ripply2 | Protein ripply2; Plays a role in somitogenesis. Required for somite segregation and establishment of rostrocaudal polarity in somites. Belongs to the ripply family. (128 aa) |
| | Nanog | Homeobox protein NANOG; Transcription regulator involved in inner cell mass and embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferation and self-renewal. Imposes pluripotency on ES cells and prevents their differentiation towards extraembryonic endoderm and trophectoderm lineages. Blocks bone morphogenetic protein-induced mesoderm differentiation of ES cells by physically interacting with SMAD1 and interfering with the recruitment of coactivators to the active SMAD transcriptional complexes. Acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor. Binds optimally to the DNA consensus sequence 5'- TAAT[GT][GT [...] (305 aa) |
| | Dll1 | Dll1-derived cell-associated form; Transmembrane ligand protein of NOTCH1, NOTCH2 and NOTCH3 receptors that binds the extracellular domain (ECD) of Notch receptor in a cis and trans fashion manner. Following transinteraction, ligand cells produce mechanical force that depends of a clathrin-mediated endocytosis, requiring ligand ubiquitination, EPN1 interaction, and actin polymerisation; these events promote Notch receptor extracellular domain (NECD) transendocytosis and triggers Notch signaling through induction of cleavage, hyperphosphorylation, and nuclear accumulation of the intrace [...] (722 aa) |
| | Lama5 | Laminin subunit alpha-5; Binding to cells via a high affinity receptor, laminin is thought to mediate the attachment, migration and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. Alpha-5 may be the major laminin alpha chain of adult epithelial and/or endothelial basal laminae. (3718 aa) |
| | Tbx3 | T-box transcription factor TBX3; Transcriptional repressor involved in developmental processes. Probably plays a role in limb pattern formation. Acts as a negative regulator of PML function in cellular senescence (By similarity). (741 aa) |
| | Tfap2a | Transcription factor AP-2-alpha; Sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that interacts with inducible viral and cellular enhancer elements to regulate transcription of selected genes. AP-2 factors bind to the consensus sequence 5'-GCCNNNGGC-3' and activate genes involved in a large spectrum of important biological functions including proper eye, face, body wall, limb and neural tube development. They also suppress a number of genes including MCAM/MUC18, C/EBP alpha and MYC. AP-2-alpha is the only AP-2 protein required for early morphogenesis of the lens vesicle. Together with the CITED2 [...] (437 aa) |
| | Lhx1 | LIM/homeobox protein Lhx1; Potential transcription factor. May play a role in early mesoderm formation and later in lateral mesoderm differentiation and neurogenesis. (406 aa) |
| | Frs2 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2; Adapter protein that links activated FGR and NGF receptors to downstream signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the activation of MAP kinases and in the phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, in response to ligand-mediated activation of FGFR1. Modulates signaling via SHC1 by competing for a common binding site on NTRK1. (508 aa) |
| | Ptch1 | Protein patched homolog 1; Acts as a receptor for sonic hedgehog (SHH), indian hedgehog (IHH) and desert hedgehog (DHH). Associates with the smoothened protein (SMO) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal. Seems to have a tumor suppressor function, as inactivation of this protein is probably a necessary, if not sufficient step for tumorigenesis. (1434 aa) |
| | Fgf10 | Fibroblast growth factor 10; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Required for normal branching morphogenesis. May play a role in wound healing; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (209 aa) |
| | Wnt5a | Protein Wnt-5a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Can activate or inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, depending on receptor context. In the presence of FZD4, activates beta-catenin signaling. In the presence of ROR2, inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway by promoting beta-catenin degradation through a GSK3-independent pathway which involves down-regulation of beta-catenin-induced reporter gene expression. Suppression of the canonical pathway allows chondrogenesis to occur and inhibits tumor formation. Stimulates cell migration. Decreases proliferatio [...] (380 aa) |
| | C2cd3 | C2 domain-containing protein 3; Component of the centrioles that acts as a positive regulator of centriole elongation. Promotes assembly of centriolar distal appendage, a structure at the distal end of the mother centriole that acts as an anchor of the cilium, and is required for recruitment of centriolar distal appendages proteins CEP83, SCLT1, CEP89, FBF1 and CEP164. Not required for centriolar satellite integrity or RAB8 activation. Required for primary cilium formation. Required for sonic hedgehog/SHH signaling and for proteolytic processing of GLI3. (2323 aa) |
| | Wt1 | Wilms tumor protein homolog; Transcription factor that plays an important role in cellular development and cell survival. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'- GCG(T/G)GGGCG-3' (By similarity). Regulates the expression of numerous target genes, including EPO. Plays an essential role for development of the urogenital system. It has a tumor suppressor as well as an oncogenic role in tumor formation. Function may be isoform- specific: isoforms lacking the KTS motif may act as transcription factors. Isoforms containing the KTS motif may bind mRNA and play a role in mRNA metabolism o [...] (517 aa) |
| | Ihh | Indian hedgehog protein C-product; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. Binds to the patched (PTC) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (SMO), to activate the transcription of target genes. Implicated in endochondral ossification: may regulate the balance between growth and ossification of the developing bones. Induces the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP). (411 aa) |
| | Tdrkh | Tudor and KH domain-containing protein; Participates in the primary piRNA biogenesis pathway and is required during spermatogenesis to repress transposable elements and prevent their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. The piRNA metabolic process mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and govern the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Required for the final steps of primary piRNA biogenesis by participating in the processing of 31-37 nt intermediates into mature [...] (560 aa) |
| | Smad2 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator [...] (467 aa) |
| | Tifab | TRAF-interacting protein with FHA domain-containing protein B; Inhibits TIFA-mediated TRAF6 activation possibly by inducing a conformational change in TIFA. (147 aa) |
| | Tdrd5 | Tudor domain-containing protein 5; Required during spermiogenesis to participate in the repression transposable elements and prevent their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Probably acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and govern the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Required for chromatoid body (CB) assembly. Belongs to the TDRD5 family. (1040 aa) |
| | Meis1 | Homeobox protein Meis1; Acts as a transcriptional regulator of PAX6. Also acts as a transcriptional activator of PF4 in complex with PBX1 or PBX2. Required for hematopoiesis, megakaryocyte lineage development and vascular patterning. May function as a cofactor for HOXA7 and HOXA9 in the induction of myeloid leukemias; Belongs to the TALE/MEIS homeobox family. (465 aa) |
| | Sema3f | Semaphorin-3F. (785 aa) |
| | Frat1 | Proto-oncogene FRAT1; Positively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway by stabilizing beta-catenin through the association with GSK-3. May play a role in tumor progression and collaborate with PIM1 and MYC in lymphomagenesis. (274 aa) |
| | Pld6 | Mitochondrial cardiolipin hydrolase; Endonuclease that plays a critical role in PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis during spermatogenesis. piRNAs provide essential protection against the activity of mobile genetic elements. piRNA- mediated transposon silencing is thus critical for maintaining genome stability, in particular in germline cells when transposons are mobilized as a consequence of wide-spread genomic demethylation. Has been proposed to act as a cardiolipin hydrolase to generate phosphatidic acid at mitochondrial surface. Although it cannot be excluded that it can act as [...] (221 aa) |
| | Erbb4 | Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4; Tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role as cell surface receptor for neuregulins and EGF family members and regulates development of the heart, the central nervous system and the mammary gland, gene transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Required for normal cardiac muscle differentiation during embryonic development, and for postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Required for normal development of the embryonic central nervous system, especially for normal neural crest cell migration and normal [...] (1292 aa) |
| | Otx2 | Homeobox protein OTX2; Transcription factor probably involved in the development of the brain and the sense organs. Can bind to the bicoid/BCD target sequence (BTS): 5'-TCTAATCCC-3'; Belongs to the paired homeobox family. Bicoid subfamily. (297 aa) |
| | Fgfr2 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, and in the regulation of embryonic development. Required for normal embryonic patterning, trophoblast function, limb bud development, lung morphogenesis, osteogenesis and skin development. Plays an essential role in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and is required for normal skeleton development. Promotes cell p [...] (840 aa) |
| | Satb2 | DNA-binding protein SATB2; Binds to DNA, at nuclear matrix- or scaffold-associated regions. Thought to recognize the sugar-phosphate structure of double- stranded DNA. Transcription factor controlling nuclear gene expression, by binding to matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA and inducing a local chromatin-loop remodeling. Acts as a docking site for several chromatin remodeling enzymes and also by recruiting corepressors (HDACs) or coactivators (HATs) directly to promoters and enhancers. Required for the initiation of the upper-layer neurons (UL1) specific genetic program and for th [...] (733 aa) |
| | Nrp2 | Neuropilin-2; High affinity receptor for semaphorins 3C, 3F, VEGF-165 and VEGF-145 isoforms of VEGF, and the PLGF-2 isoform of PGF. (931 aa) |
| | Tcf7l1 | Transcription factor 7-like 1; Participates in the Wnt signaling pathway. Binds to DNA and acts as a repressor in the absence of CTNNB1, and as an activator in its presence. Necessary for the terminal differentiation of epidermal cells, the formation of keratohyalin granules and the development of the barrier function of the epidermis. (599 aa) |
| | Chrdl1 | Chordin-like protein 1; Seems to antagonize the function of BMP4 by binding to it and preventing its interaction with receptors. Alters the fate commitment of neural stem cells from gliogenesis to neurogenesis. Contributes to neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells in the brain by preventing the adoption of a glial fate. May play a crucial role in dorsoventral axis formation (By similarity). Antagonizes the function of BMP7 and may thus play an important role in the embryonic bone formation. Shows no inhibitory effect on the inducing activity of BMP2. Plays a role during anterior [...] (447 aa) |
| | Nckap1 | Nck-associated protein 1; Part of the WAVE complex that regulates lamellipodia formation. The WAVE complex regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with the Arp2/3 complex. Actin remodeling activity is regulated by RAC1. As component of the WAVE1 complex, required for BDNF-NTRK2 endocytic trafficking and signaling from early endosomes ; Belongs to the HEM-1/HEM-2 family. (1134 aa) |
| | Tdrd1 | Tudor domain-containing protein 1; Plays a central role during spermatogenesis by participating in the repression transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Required for the localization of Piwi proteins to the meiotic nuage. Involved in the piRNA metabolic process by ensuring the entry of corr [...] (1172 aa) |
| | Cobl | Protein cordon-bleu; Plays an important role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Binds to and sequesters actin monomers (G actin). Nucleates actin polymerization by assembling three actin monomers in cross-filament orientation and thereby promotes growth of actin filaments at the barbed end. Can also mediate actin depolymerization at barbed ends and severing of actin filaments. Promotes formation of cell ruffles. Regulates neuron morphogenesis and increases branching of axons and dendrites. Regulates dendrite branching in Purkinje cells. (1337 aa) |
| | Dop1b | Protein dopey-2; May be involved in protein traffic between late Golgi and early endosomes. (2295 aa) |
| | Meox2 | Homeobox protein MOX-2; Mesodermal transcription factor that plays a key role in somitogenesis and is required for sclerotome development. Activates expression of CDKN1A and CDKN2A in endothelial cells, acting as a regulator of vascular cell proliferation. While it activates CDKN1A in a DNA-dependent manner, it activates CDKN2A in a DNA-independent manner. May have a regulatory role when quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells reenter the cell cycle. (303 aa) |
| | Nodal | Nodal; Essential for mesoderm formation and axial patterning during embryonic development; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (354 aa) |
| | Tasor | Protein TASOR; Component of the HUSH complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates epigenetic repression. The HUSH complex is recruited to genomic loci rich in H3K9me3 and is required to maintain transcriptional silencing by promoting recruitment of SETDB1, a histone methyltransferase that mediates further deposition of H3K9me3, as well as MORC2. Also represses L1 retrotransposons in collaboration with MORC2 and, probably, SETDB1, the silencing is dependent of repressive epigenetic modifications, such as H3K9me3 mark. Silencing events often occur within introns of transcriptionally act [...] (1498 aa) |
| | Smad6 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6; Binds to regulatory elements in target promoter regions (By similarity). May block the BMP-SMAD1 signaling pathway by competing with SMAD4 for receptor-activated SMAD1-binding (By similarity). Acts as a mediator of TGF-beta and BMP antiflammatory activity. Suppresses IL1R-TLR signaling through its direct interaction with PEL1, preventing NF-kappa-B activation, nuclear transport and NF-kappa-B-mediated expression of proinflammatory genes. (495 aa) |
| | Tdrd6 | Tudor domain-containing protein 6; Tudor domain-containing protein involved in germ cell development, more specifically the formation of chromatoid body (during spermiogenesis), Balbiani body (during oogenesis), germ plasm (upon fertilization), and for proper miRNA expression and spliceosome maturation (By similarity). Essential for RNA-dependent helicase UPF1 localization to chromatoid body, for UPF1-UPF2 and UPF1-DDX4 interactions which are required for mRNA degradation, using the extended 3' UTR-triggered nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. Involved in spliceosome maturatio [...] (2135 aa) |
| | Tdgf1 | Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor; GPI-anchored cell membrane protein involved in Nodal signaling. Cell-associated Tdgf1 acts as a Nodal coreceptor in cis. Shedding of Tdgf1 by Tmem8a modulates Nodal signaling by allowing soluble Tdgf1 to act as a Nodal coreceptor on other cells. Could play a role in the determination of the epiblastic cells that subsequently give rise to the mesoderm. (171 aa) |
| | Smad3 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP- 1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and m [...] (425 aa) |
| | Ooep | Oocyte-expressed protein homolog; As a member of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC), plays an essential role for zygotes to progress beyond the first embryonic cell divisions. (164 aa) |
| | Ednra | Endothelin-1 receptor; Receptor for endothelin-1. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of binding affinities for ET-A is: ET1 > ET2 >> ET3 (By similarity). (427 aa) |
| | Mesp1 | Mesoderm posterior protein 1; Transcription factor. Plays a role in the epithelialization of somitic mesoderm and in the development of cardiac mesoderm. Defines the rostrocaudal patterning of the somites by participating in distinct Notch pathways. (243 aa) |
| | Lrp6 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6; Component of the Wnt-Fzd-LRP5-LRP6 complex that triggers beta-catenin signaling through inducing aggregation of receptor-ligand complexes into ribosome-sized signalsomes. Cell-surface coreceptor of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, which plays a pivotal role in bone formation. The Wnt-induced Fzd/LRP6 coreceptor complex recruits DVL1 polymers to the plasma membrane which, in turn, recruits the AXIN1/GSK3B-complex to the cell surface promoting the formation of signalsomes and inhibiting AXIN1/GSK3-mediated phosphorylation and destruction of [...] (1613 aa) |
| | Smad5 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5; Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD5 is a receptor- regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) (By similarity). Required for angiogenesis. Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family. (465 aa) |
| | Fzd5 | Frizzled-5; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Can activate WNT2, WNT10B, WNT5A, but not WNT2B or WNT4 (in vitro); the in vivo situation may be different since not all of these are known to be coexpressed. In neurons, activation of WNT7A promotes formation of synapses (By similarity). Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. The canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium [...] (585 aa) |
| | Smad1 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1; Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD1 is a receptor- regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) (By similarity). May play a role in the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1 (By similarity). May act synergistically with SMAD4 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac-specific gene expression. (465 aa) |
| | Sim2 | Single-minded homolog 2; Transcription factor that may be a master gene of CNS development in cooperation with Arnt. It may have pleiotropic effects in the tissues expressed during development. (657 aa) |
| | Bmp4 | Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction. (408 aa) |
| | Zic3 | Zinc finger protein ZIC 3; Acts as transcriptional activator. Required in the earliest stages in both axial midline development and left-right (LR) asymmetry specification. Binds to the minimal GLI-consensus sequence 5'-GGGTGGTC- 3'; Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (466 aa) |
| | Noto | Homeobox protein notochord; Transcription factor that controls node morphogenesis. Acts downstream of both FOXA2 and Brachyury (T) during notochord development. Is essential for cilia formation in the posterior notochord (PNC) and for left-right patterning; acts upstream of FOXJ1 and RFX3 in this process and is required for the expression of various components important for axonemal assembly and function. Plays a role in regulating axial versus paraxial cell fate. Activates the transcription of ciliary proteins C11orf97 homolog, FAM183B and SPACA9 in the embryonic ventral node. (240 aa) |
| | Zbtb16 | Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 16. (673 aa) |
| | Tbx6 | T-box transcription factor TBX6; T-box transcription factor that plays an essential role in the determination of the fate of axial stem cells: neural vs mesodermal. Acts in part by down-regulating, a specific enhancer (N1) of SOX2, to inhibit neural development. Seems to play also an essential role in left/right axis determination and acts through effects on Notch signaling around the node as well as through an effect on the morphology and motility of the nodal cilia. (436 aa) |
| | Peg12 | Paternally-expressed 12. (283 aa) |
| | Pgap1 | GPI inositol-deacylase; Involved in inositol deacylation of GPI-anchored proteins. GPI inositol deacylation may important for efficient transport of GPI- anchored proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi (By similarity). (922 aa) |
| | Ripply1 | Protein ripply1; Plays a role in somitogenesis. Essential for transcriptional repression of the segmental patterning genes, thus terminating the segmentation program in the presomitic mesoderm, and also required for the maintenance of rostrocaudal polarity in somites (By similarity). (201 aa) |
| | Cited1 | Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator 1; Transcriptional coactivator of the p300/CBP-mediated transcription complex. Enhances SMAD-mediated transcription by strengthening the functional link between the DNA-binding SMAD transcription factors and the p300/CBP transcription coactivator complex. Stimulates estrogen-dependent transactivation activity mediated by estrogen receptors signaling; stabilizes the interaction of estrogen receptor ESR1 and histone acetyltransferase EP300. Positively regulates TGF-beta signaling through its association with the SMAD/p300/CBP-mediated transcriptional c [...] (203 aa) |
| | Gdf3 | Growth/differentiation factor 3; Growth factor involved in early embryonic development and adipose-tissue homeostasis. During embryogenesis controls formation of anterior visceral endoderm and mesoderm and the establishment of anterior-posterior identity through a receptor complex comprising the receptor ACVR1B and the coreceptor TDGF1/Cripto. Regulates adipose-tissue homeostasis and energy balance under nutrient overload in part by signaling through the receptor complex based on ACVR1C and TDGF1/Cripto. Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (366 aa) |
| | Nrarp | Notch-regulated ankyrin repeat-containing protein; Downstream effector of Notch signaling. Involved in the regulation of liver cancer cells self-renewal (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of canonical Wnt signaling by stabilizing LEF1 (By similarity). Involved in angiogenesis acting downstream of Notch at branch points to regulate vascular density. Proposed to integrate endothelial Notch and Wnt signaling to control stalk cell proliferation and to stablilize new endothelial connections during angiogenesis. During somitogenesis involved in maintenance of proper somite segmentat [...] (114 aa) |
| | Tdrd7 | Tudor domain-containing protein 7; Component of specific cytoplasmic RNA granules involved in post-transcriptional regulation of specific genes: probably acts by binding to specific mRNAs and regulating their translation. Required for lens transparency during lens development, by regulating translation of genes such as CRYBB3 and HSPB1 in the developing lens. Also required during spermatogenesis; Belongs to the TDRD7 family. (1119 aa) |
| | Foxa2 | Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta; Transcription factor that is involved in embryonic development, establishment of tissue-specific gene expression and regulation of gene expression in differentiated tissues. Is thought to act as a 'pioneer' factor opening the compacted chromatin for other proteins through interactions with nucleosomal core histones and thereby replacing linker histones at target enhancer and/or promoter sites. Binds DNA with the consensus sequence 5'- [AC]A[AT]T[AG]TT[GT][AG][CT]T[CT]-3' (By similarity). In embryonic development is required for notochord formation. Inv [...] (465 aa) |
| | Ripply3 | Protein ripply3; Acts as a transcriptional corepressor. Negative regulator of the transcriptional activity of TBX1. Plays a role in the development of the pharyngeal apparatus and derivatives. (152 aa) |
| | Wnt1 | Proto-oncogene Wnt-1; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Acts in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by promoting beta-catenin-dependent transcriptional activation (By similarity). In some developmental processes, is also a ligand for the coreceptor RYK, thus triggering Wnt signaling. Plays an essential role in the development of the embryonic brain and central nervous system (CNS). Has a role in osteoblast function, bone development and bone homeostasis (By similarity). (370 aa) |
| | Smad4 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). Component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. Component of the multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex which forms at the AP1 promoter site; required for synergistic transcriptional activity in r [...] (551 aa) |
| | Nrp1 | Neuropilin-1; Receptor involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, in angiogenesis, in the formation of certain neuronal circuits and in organogenesis outside the nervous system (By similarity). Mediates the chemorepulsant activity of semaphorins. Binds to semaphorin 3A, the PLGF-2 isoform of PGF, the VEGF165 isoform of VEGFA and VEGFB (By similarity). Coexpression with KDR results in increased VEGF165 binding to KDR as well as increased chemotaxis. Regulates VEGF-induced angiogenesis (By similarity). Binding to VEGFA initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron [...] (923 aa) |
