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| | Ptgs2 | Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2; Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays imp [...] (604 aa) |
| | Dock5 | Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 5; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho and Rac. GEF proteins activate small GTPases by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Along with DOCK1, mediates CRK/CRKL regulation of epithelial and endothelial cell spreading and migration on type IV collagen (By similarity). (1868 aa) |
| | Atoh8 | Protein atonal homolog 8; Transcription factor that binds a palindromic (canonical) core consensus DNA sequence 5'-CANNTG- 3' known as an E-box element, possibly as a heterodimer with other bHLH proteins (By similarity). Regulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube-like structures formation (By similarity). Modulates endothelial cell differentiation through NOS3 (By similarity). May be implicated in specification and differentiation of neuronal cell lineages in the brain. May participate in kidney development and may be involved in podocyte differentiation. During early [...] (322 aa) |
| | Zc3h12a | Endoribonuclease ZC3H12A; Endoribonuclease involved in various biological functions such as cellular inflammatory response and immune homeostasis, glial differentiation of neuroprogenitor cells, cell death of cardiomyocytes, adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Functions as an endoribonuclease involved in mRNA decay. Modulates the inflammatory response by promoting the degradation of a set of translationally active cytokine-induced inflammation-related mRNAs, such as IL6 and IL12B, during the early phase of inflammation. Prevents aberrant T-cell-mediated immune reaction by degradation of mul [...] (596 aa) |
| | Irs2 | Insulin receptor substrate 2; May mediate the control of various cellular processes by insulin. (1321 aa) |
| | Jcad | Junctional protein associated with coronary artery disease. (1320 aa) |
| | Ptpn23 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 23; Plays a role in sorting of endocytic ubiquitinated cargos into multivesicular bodies (MVBs) via its interaction with the ESCRT-I complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport I), and possibly also other ESCRT complexes. May act as a negative regulator of Ras-mediated mitogenic activity. Plays a role in ciliogenesis (By similarity); Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class subfamily. (1692 aa) |
| | Serpine1 | Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; Serine protease inhibitor. Inhibits TMPRSS7. Is a primary inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) and urokinase- type plasminogen activator (PLAU). As PLAT inhibitor, it is required for fibrinolysis down-regulation and is responsible for the controlled degradation of blood clots. As PLAU inhibitor, it is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and spreading. Acts as a regulator of cell migration, independently of its role as protease inhibitor. It is required for stimulation of keratinocyte migration during cutaneous injury repair (B [...] (402 aa) |
| | Rras | Ras-related protein R-Ras; Regulates the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. With OSPBL3, modulates integrin beta-1 (ITGB1) activity. Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (218 aa) |
| | Meox2 | Homeobox protein MOX-2; Mesodermal transcription factor that plays a key role in somitogenesis and is required for sclerotome development. Activates expression of CDKN1A and CDKN2A in endothelial cells, acting as a regulator of vascular cell proliferation. While it activates CDKN1A in a DNA-dependent manner, it activates CDKN2A in a DNA-independent manner. May have a regulatory role when quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells reenter the cell cycle. (303 aa) |
| | Dicer1 | Endoribonuclease Dicer; Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) endoribonuclease playing a central role in short dsRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing. Cleaves naturally occurring long dsRNAs and short hairpin pre-microRNAs (miRNA) into fragments of twenty-one to twenty-three nucleotides with 3' overhang of two nucleotides, producing respectively short interfering RNAs (siRNA) and mature microRNAs. SiRNAs and miRNAs serve as guide to direct the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to complementary RNAs to degrade them or prevent their translation. Gene silencing mediated by siRNAs, al [...] (1906 aa) |
| | Gadd45a | Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha; Might affect PCNA interaction with some CDK (cell division protein kinase) complexes; stimulates DNA excision repair in vitro and inhibits entry of cells into S phase. In T-cells, functions as a regulator of p38 MAPKs by inhibiting p88 phosphorylation and activity. Belongs to the GADD45 family. (165 aa) |
| | Thbs1 | Thrombospondin-1; Adhesive glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to- matrix interactions. Binds heparin. May play a role in dentinogenesis and/or maintenance of dentin and dental pulp. Ligand for CD36 mediating antiangiogenic properties (By similarity). Plays a role in ER stress response, via its interaction with the activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6) which produces adaptive ER stress response factors. (1171 aa) |
| | Sec1 | Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 3; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 11 family. (389 aa) |
| | Fgf1 | Fibroblast growth factor 1; Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, angiogenesis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as potent mitogen in vitro. Acts as a ligand for FGFR1 and integrins. Binds to FGFR1 in the presence of heparin leading to FGFR1 dimerization and activation via sequential autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues which act as docking sites for interacting proteins, leading to the activation of several signaling cascades. Binds to integrin ITGAV:ITGB3. Its binding to integrin, subsequent ternary complex formation with int [...] (155 aa) |
| | Dusp10 | Dual specificity protein phosphatase 10; Protein phosphatase involved in the inactivation of MAP kinases. Has a specificity for the MAPK11/MAPK12/MAPK13/MAPK14 subfamily. It preferably dephosphorylates p38. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (483 aa) |
| | Adgrb1 | Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B1; Phosphatidylserine receptor which enhances the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Also mediates the binding and engulfment of Gram-negative bacteria. Stimulates production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages in response to Gram-negative bacteria, resulting in enhanced microbicidal macrophage activity (By similarity). In the gastric mucosa, required for recognition and engulfment of apoptotic gastric epithelial cells (By similarity). Promotes myoblast fusion. Activates the Rho pathway in a G-protein-dependent manner (By similarity). Inhibits MDM [...] (1582 aa) |
| | Grn | Paragranulin; Secreted protein that acts as a key regulator of lysosomal function and as a growth factor involved in inflammation, wound healing and cell proliferation. Regulates protein trafficking to lysosomes and, also the activity of lysosomal enzymes. Facilitates also the acidification of lysosomes, causing degradation of mature CTSD by CTSB. In addition, functions as wound-related growth factor that acts directly on dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells to promote division, migration and the formation of capillary-like tubule structures. Also promotes epithelial cell prolifera [...] (602 aa) |
| | Gpi1 | Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; In the cytoplasm, catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6- phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, the second step in glycolysis, and the reverse reaction during gluconeogenesis. Besides it's role as a glycolytic enzyme, also acts as a secreted cytokine: acts as an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility (By similarity). Acts as a neurotrophic factor, neuroleukin, for spinal and sensory neurons. It is secreted by lectin-stimulated T-cells and induces immunoglobulin secretion. Belongs to the GPI family. (558 aa) |
| | Patz1 | POZ (BTB) and AT hook-containing zinc finger 1. (641 aa) |
| | D1Ertd622e | Macrophage immunometabolism regulator; Regulates the macrophage function, by enhancing the resolution of inflammation and wound repair functions mediated by M2 macrophages. The regulation of macrophage function is, due at least in part, to its ability to inhibit glycolysis. May also play a role in trafficking of proteins via its interaction with UNC119 and UNC119B cargo adapters: may help the release of UNC119 and UNC119B cargo or the recycling of UNC119 and UNC119B. May play a role in ciliary membrane localization via its interaction with UNC119B and protein transport into photorecept [...] (207 aa) |
| | Stard13 | StAR-related lipid transfer protein 13; May function as a GTPase-activating protein. (1132 aa) |
| | Itga2 | Integrin alpha-2; Integrin alpha-2/beta-1 is a collagen receptor, being responsible for adhesion of platelets and other cells to collagens, modulation of collagen and collagenase gene expression, force generation and organization of newly synthesized extracellular matrix. It is also a receptor for laminins, collagen C-propeptides and E- cadherin. Mice homozygous for a null mutation in the alpha-2 die very early in embryogenesis. (1178 aa) |
| | Lcn2 | Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; Iron-trafficking protein involved in multiple processes such as apoptosis, innate immunity and renal development. Binds iron through association with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5- DHBA), a siderophore that shares structural similarities with bacterial enterobactin, and delivers or removes iron from the cell, depending on the context. Iron-bound form (holo-24p3) is internalized following binding to the SLC22A17 (24p3R) receptor, leading to release of iron and subsequent increase of intracellular iron concentration. In contrast, association o [...] (200 aa) |
| | Foxc2 | Forkhead box protein C2; Transcriptional activator. Might be involved in the formation of special mesenchymal tissues. (494 aa) |
| | Arf6 | ADP-ribosylation factor 6; GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking that regulates endocytic recycling and cytoskeleton remodeling. Required for normal completion of mitotic cytokinesis. Involved in the regulation of dendritic spine development, contributing to the regulation of dendritic branching and filopodia extension. Plays an important role in membrane trafficking, during junctional remodeling and epithelial polarization. Regulates surface levels of adherens junction proteins such as CDH1. Required for NTRK1 sorting to the recycling pathway from early endosomes (By sim [...] (175 aa) |
| | Fgf4 | Fibroblast growth factor 4; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Is essential for survival of the postimplantation mouse embryo. Required for normal limb and cardiac valve development during embryogenesis; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (202 aa) |
| | Epb41l5 | Band 4.1-like protein 5; May contribute to the correct positioning of tight junctions during the establishment of polarity in epithelial cells. (731 aa) |
| | Rhoj | Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoJ; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase specifically involved in angiogenesis (By similarity). Required for endothelial cell migration during vascular development via its interaction with GLUL (By similarity). Elicits the formation of F-actin-rich structures, thereby regulating endothelial cell migration. Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family. (214 aa) |
| | Tacstd2 | Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2; May function as a growth factor receptor. (317 aa) |
| | Has2 | Hyaluronan synthase 2; Catalyzes the addition of GlcNAc or GlcUA monosaccharides to the nascent hyaluronan polymer. Therefore, it is essential to hyaluronan synthesis a major component of most extracellular matrices that has a structural role in tissues architectures and regulates cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. This is one of the isozymes catalyzing that reaction and it is particularly responsible for the synthesis of high molecular mass hyaluronan. Required for the transition of endocardial cushion cells into mesenchymal cells, a process crucial for heart development. M [...] (552 aa) |
| | Tgfbr2 | TGF-beta receptor type-2; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase forming with the TGF- beta type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, TGFBR1, the non- promiscuous receptor for the TGF-beta cytokines TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3. Transduces the TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes including cell cycle arrest in epithelial and hematopoietic cells, control of mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinoge [...] (592 aa) |
| | Prkca | Protein kinase C alpha type; Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that is involved in positive and negative regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration and adhesion, cardiac hypertrophy, angiogenesis, platelet function and inflammation, by directly phosphorylating targets such as RAF1, BCL2, CSPG4, TNNT2/CTNT, or activating signaling cascades involving MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) and RAP1GAP. Depending on the cell type, is involved in cell proliferation and cell growth arrest by positive and negative regul [...] (672 aa) |
| | Pik3cg | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Links G-protein coupled receptor activation to PIP3 production. Involved in immune, inflammatory and allergic responses. Modulates [...] (1102 aa) |
| | Irs1 | Insulin receptor substrate 1; May mediate the control of various cellular processes by insulin. When phosphorylated by the insulin receptor binds specifically to various cellular proteins containing SH2 domains such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85 subunit or GRB2. Activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase when bound to the regulatory p85 subunit (By similarity). (1231 aa) |
| | Ifng | Interferon gamma; Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. (155 aa) |
| | Ptprr | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase R; Sequesters mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as MAPK1, MAPK3 and MAPK14 in the cytoplasm in an inactive form. The MAPKs bind to a dephosphorylated kinase interacting motif, phosphorylation of which by the protein kinase A complex releases the MAPKs for activation and translocation into the nucleus. Isoform gamma may have a role in patterning and cellular proliferation of skeletal elements in the precartilaginous/cartilaginous skeleton; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 7 subfamily. (656 aa) |
| | Wnt5a | Protein Wnt-5a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Can activate or inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, depending on receptor context. In the presence of FZD4, activates beta-catenin signaling. In the presence of ROR2, inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway by promoting beta-catenin degradation through a GSK3-independent pathway which involves down-regulation of beta-catenin-induced reporter gene expression. Suppression of the canonical pathway allows chondrogenesis to occur and inhibits tumor formation. Stimulates cell migration. Decreases proliferatio [...] (380 aa) |
| | Plpp3 | Phospholipid phosphatase 3; Magnesium-independent phospholipid phosphatase of the plasma membrane that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of a variety of glycerolipid and sphingolipid phosphate esters including phosphatidate/PA, lysophosphatidate/LPA, diacylglycerol pyrophosphate/DGPP, sphingosine 1-phosphate/S1P and ceramide 1- phosphate/C1P. Also acts on N-oleoyl ethanolamine phosphate/N-(9Z- octadecenoyl)-ethanolamine phosphate, a potential physiological compound. Has both an extracellular and an intracellular phosphatase activity, allowing the hydrolysis and the cellular uptake of the [...] (312 aa) |
| | Zfp580 | Zinc finger protein 580; Involved in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Mediates H(2)O(2)-induced leukocyte chemotaxis by elevating interleukin-8 production and may play a role in inflammation. May be involved in transcriptional regulation (By similarity). (172 aa) |
| | Sp100 | Nuclear autoantigen Sp-100; Together with PML, this tumor suppressor is a major constituent of the PML bodies, a subnuclear organelle involved in a large number of physiological processes including cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Functions as a transcriptional coactivator of ETS1 and ETS2. Under certain conditions, it may also act as a corepressor of ETS1 preventing its binding to DNA. Through the regulation of ETS1 it may play a role in angiogenesis, controlling endothelial cell motility and invasion. Through interaction with the MRN complex it may be involved in the regul [...] (591 aa) |
| | Agt | Angiotensin 1-4; Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. [Angiotensin-3]: stimulates aldosterone release. Belongs to the serpin family. (482 aa) |
| | Rhob | Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoB; Mediates apoptosis in neoplastically transformed cells after DNA damage. Not essential for development but affects cell adhesion and growth factor signaling in transformed cells. Plays a negative role in tumorigenesis as deletion causes tumor formation. Involved in intracellular protein trafficking of a number of proteins. Targets PKN1 to endosomes and is involved in trafficking of the EGF receptor from late endosomes to lysosomes. Also required for stability and nuclear trafficking of AKT1/AKT which promotes endothelial cell survival during vascul [...] (196 aa) |
| | Pfn2 | Profilin-2; Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations. By binding to PIP2, it inhibits the formation of IP3 and DG. (140 aa) |
| | Sema5a | Semaphorin-5A; Bifunctional axonal guidance cue regulated by sulfated proteoglycans; attractive effects result from interactions with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), while the inhibitory effects depend on interactions with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Ligand for receptor PLXNB3. In glioma cells, SEMA5A stimulation of PLXNB3 results in the disassembly of F-actin stress fibers, disruption of focal adhesions and cellular collapse as well as inhibition of cell migration and invasion through ARHGDIA-mediated inactivation of RAC1 (By similarity). May promote angiogenesis [...] (1074 aa) |
| | Fgf7 | Fibroblast growth factor 7; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Required for normal branching morphogenesis. Growth factor active on keratinocytes. Possible major paracrine effector of normal epithelial cell proliferation (By similarity). (194 aa) |
| | Dnaja4 | DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 4. (397 aa) |
| | Bsg | Basigin; Plays an important role in targeting the monocarboxylate transporters SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC16A8, SLC16A11 and SLC16A12 to the plasma membrane. Plays pivotal roles in spermatogenesis, embryo implantation, neural network formation and tumor progression. Stimulates adjacent fibroblasts to produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS). Seems to be a receptor for oligomannosidic glycans. In vitro, promotes outgrowth of astrocytic processes. (389 aa) |
| | Cib1 | Calcium and integrin-binding protein 1; Calcium-binding protein that plays a role in the regulation of numerous cellular processes, such as cell differentiation, cell division, cell proliferation, cell migration, thrombosis, angiogenesis, cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis. Involved in bone marrow megakaryocyte differentiation by negatively regulating thrombopoietin- mediated signaling pathway. Participates in the endomitotic cell cycle of megakaryocyte, a form of mitosis in which both karyokinesis and cytokinesis are interrupted. Plays a role in integrin signaling by negatively regulat [...] (191 aa) |
| | Nf1 | Neurofibromin; Stimulates the GTPase activity of Ras. NF1 shows greater affinity for Ras GAP, but lower specific activity. May be a regulator of Ras activity. (2841 aa) |
| | Bmper | BMP-binding endothelial regulator protein; Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) function, it may regulate BMP responsiveness of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. (685 aa) |
| | Bmp4 | Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction. (408 aa) |
| | Bcas3 | Breast carcinoma-amplified sequence 3 homolog; Functions synergistically with PELP1 as a transcriptional coactivator of estrogen receptor-responsive genes. Stimulates histone acetyltransferase activity. Binds to chromatin (By similarity). Plays a role in angiogenesis. Participates in the regulation of cell polarity and directional endothelial cell migration by mediating both the activation and recruitment of CDC42 and the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton at the cell leading edge. Promotes filipodia formation. Belongs to the BCAS3 family. (928 aa) |
| | Abl1 | Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion, receptor endocytosis, autophagy, DNA damage response and apoptosis. Coordinates actin remodeling through tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins controlling cytoskeleton dynamics like WASF3 (involved in branch formation); ANXA1 (involved in membrane anchoring); DBN1, DBNL, CTTN, RAPH1 and ENAH (involved in signaling); or MAPT and PXN (microtubule-bindin [...] (1142 aa) |
| | Prcp | Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase; Cleaves C-terminal amino acids linked to proline in peptides such as angiotensin II, III and des-Arg9-bradykinin. This cleavage occurs at acidic pH, but enzymatic activity is retained with some substrates at neutral pH (By similarity). (491 aa) |
| | Itgb1bp1 | Integrin beta-1-binding protein 1; Key regulator of the integrin-mediated cell-matrix interaction signaling by binding to the ITGB1 cytoplasmic tail and preventing the activation of integrin alpha-5/beta-1 (heterodimer of ITGA5 and ITGB1) by talin or FERMT1. Plays a role in cell proliferation, differentiation, spreading, adhesion and migration in the context of mineralization and bone development and angiogenesis. Stimulates cellular proliferation in a fibronectin-dependent manner. Involved in the regulation of beta-1 integrin-containing focal adhesion (FA) site dynamics by controlling [...] (200 aa) |
| | Emp2 | Epithelial membrane protein 2; Functions as a key regulator of cell membrane composition by regulating proteins surface expression. Also, plays a role in regulation of processes including cell migration, cell proliferation, cell contraction and cell adhesion. Negatively regulates caveolae formation by reducing CAV1 expression and CAV1 amount by increasing lysosomal degradation. Facilitates surface trafficking and the formation of lipid rafts bearing GPI-anchor proteins. Regulates surface expression of MHC1 and ICAM1 proteins increasing susceptibility to T-cell mediated cytotoxicity. Re [...] (172 aa) |
| | Apc | Adenomatous polyposis coli protein; Tumor suppressor. Promotes rapid degradation of CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling as a negative regulator. APC activity is correlated with its phosphorylation state. Activates the GEF activity of SPATA13 and ARHGEF4. Plays a role in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)- induced cell migration (By similarity). Required for MMP9 up-regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. Acts as a mediator of ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It is required for the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane a [...] (2842 aa) |
| | Krit1 | Krev interaction trapped protein 1; Component of the CCM signaling pathway which is a crucial regulator of heart and vessel formation and integrity. Negative regulator of angiogenesis. Inhibits endothelial proliferation, apoptosis, migration, lumen formation and sprouting angiogenesis in primary endothelial cells. Promotes AKT phosphorylation in a NOTCH- dependent and independent manner, and inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation indirectly through activation of the DELTA-NOTCH cascade. Acts in concert with CDH5 to establish and maintain correct endothelial cell polarity and vascular lumen an [...] (736 aa) |
| | Plcg2 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. It is a crucial enzyme in transmembrane signaling (By similarity). (1265 aa) |
| | Fgfr1 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Required for normal mesoderm patterning and correct axial organization during embryonic development, normal skeletogenesis and normal development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system. Phosphorylates PLCG1, FRS2, GAB1 and SHB. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 lea [...] (822 aa) |
| | Dock1 | Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 1; Involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements required for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility. Along with DOCK1, mediates CRK/CRKL regulation of epithelial and endothelial cell spreading and migration on type IV collagen. Functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which activates Rac Rho small GTPases by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Its GEF activity may be enhanced by ELMO1. (1865 aa) |
| | Hmgb1 | High mobility group protein B1; Multifunctional redox sensitive protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. In the nucleus is one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins and acts as a DNA chaperone involved in replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair and genome stability. Proposed to be an universal biosensor for nucleic acids. Promotes host inflammatory response to sterile and infectious signals and is involved in the coordination and integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the cytoplasm functio [...] (215 aa) |
| | Prkd2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase D2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects downstream of PKC, and is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation via MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling, oxidative stress-induced NF-kappa-B activation, inhibition of HDAC7 transcriptional repression, signaling downstream of T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and cytokine production, and plays a role in Golgi membrane trafficking, angiogenesis, secretory granule release and cell adhesion. May potentiate mitogenesis induced by the neu [...] (875 aa) |
| | Glul | Glutamine synthetase; Glutamine synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine (By similarity). Its role depends on tissue localization: in the brain, it regulates the levels of toxic ammonia and converts neurotoxic glutamate to harmless glutamine, whereas in the liver, it is one of the enzymes responsible for the removal of ammonia. Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts (By similarity). Independently of its glutamine synthetase activity, required for endothelial cell migration during vascular development. Involved in angiog [...] (373 aa) |
| | Bmpr2 | Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Binds to BMP7, BMP2 and, less efficiently, BMP4. Binding is weak but enhanced by the presence of type I receptors for BMPs. Mediates induction of adipogenesis by GDF6. (1038 aa) |
| | Mcc | Mutated in colorectal cancers. (1003 aa) |
| | Dab2ip | Disabled homolog 2-interacting protein; Functions as a scaffold protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Involved in several processes such as innate immune response, inflammation and cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, cell survival, angiogenesis, cell migration and maturation. Plays also a role in cell cycle checkpoint control; reduces G1 phase cyclin levels resulting in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Mediates signal transduction by receptor- mediated inflammatory signals, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon [...] (1189 aa) |
| | Arsb | Arylsulfatase B; Removes sulfate groups from chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) and regulates its degradation (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, cell migration and invasion in colonic epithelium (By similarity). In the central nervous system, is a regulator of neurite outgrowth and neuronal plasticity, acting through the control of sulfate glycosaminoglycans and neurocan levels (By similarity). Belongs to the sulfatase family. (534 aa) |
| | Src | Neuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. Due to functional redun [...] (541 aa) |
| | Rin2 | Ras and Rab interactor 2; Ras effector protein. May function as an upstream activator and/or downstream effector for RAB5B in endocytic pathway. May function as a guanine nucleotide exchange (GEF) of RAB5B, required for activating the RAB5 proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP (By similarity); Belongs to the RIN (Ras interaction/interference) family. (858 aa) |
| | Prkce | Protein kinase C epsilon type; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays essential roles in the regulation of multiple cellular processes linked to cytoskeletal proteins, such as cell adhesion, motility, migration and cell cycle, functions in neuron growth and ion channel regulation, and is involved in immune response, cancer cell invasion and regulation of apoptosis. Mediates cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix via integrin- dependent signaling, by mediating angiotensin-2-induced activation of integrin beta- [...] (737 aa) |
| | Ccr6 | C-C chemokine receptor type 6; Receptor for the C-C type chemokine CCL20. Binds to CCL20 and subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ion levels. Although CCL20 is its major ligand it can also act as a receptor for non-chemokine ligands such as beta-defensins. Binds to defensin DEFB1 leading to increase in intracellular calcium ions and cAMP levels. Its binding to DEFB1 is essential for the function of DEFB1 in regulating sperm motility and bactericidal activity (By similarity). Binds to defensins DEFB4 and DEFB4A/B and mediates their chemotactic effects [...] (367 aa) |
| | Macf1 | Microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1; [Isoform 2]: F-actin-binding protein which plays a role in cross-linking actin to other cytoskeletal proteins and also binds to microtubules. Plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex (By similarity). Acts as a positive regulator of Wnt receptor signaling pathway and is involved in the translocation of AXIN1 and its associated complex (composed of APC, CTNNB1 and GSK3B) from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. Has actin- regulated ATPase activity and is essential for controlling focal adhesions [...] (7355 aa) |
| | Svbp | Small vasohibin-binding protein; Enhances the tyrosine carboxypeptidase activity of VASH1 and VASH2, thereby promoting the removal of the C-terminal tyrosine residue of alpha-tubulin. Also required to enhance the solubility and secretion of VASH1 and VASH2 (By similarity). Plays a role in axon and excitatory synapse formation. Belongs to the SVBP family. (102 aa) |
| | Ceacam1 | Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1; [Isoform 1]: Cell adhesion protein that mediates homophilic cell adhesion in a calcium-independent manner (By similarity). Plays a role as coinhibitory receptor in immune response, insulin action and functions also as an activator during angiogenesis. Its coinhibitory receptor function is phosphorylation- and PTPN6 -dependent, which in turn, suppress signal transduction of associated receptors by dephosphorylation of their downstream effectors. Plays a role in immune response, of T-cells, natural killer (NK) and neutrophils. Up [...] (521 aa) |
| | Rac1 | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity [...] (211 aa) |
| | Gdf2 | Growth/differentiation factor 2; Potent circulating inhibitor of angiogenesis (By similarity). Signals through the type I activin receptor ACVRL1 but not other Alks. Signaling through SMAD1 in endothelial cells requires TGF-beta coreceptor endoglin/ENG. (428 aa) |
| | Iqsec1 | IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ARF1 and ARF6. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity is enhanced by lipid binding. Accelerates GTP binding by ARFs of all three classes. Guanine nucleotide exchange protein for ARF6, mediating internalisation of beta-1 integrin. (1099 aa) |
| | Ptn | Pleiotrophin; Secreted growth factor that mediates its signal through cell- surface proteoglycan and non-proteoglycan receptors (By similarity). Binds cell-surface proteoglycan receptor via their chondroitin sulfate (CS) groups (By similarity). Thereby regulates many processes like cell proliferation, cell survival, cell growth, cell differentiation and cell migration in several tissues namely neuron and bone. Also plays a role in synaptic plasticity and learning-related behavior by inhibiting long-term synaptic potentiation. Binds PTPRZ1, leading to neutralization of the negative char [...] (168 aa) |
| | Adam17 | Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17; Cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TNF-alpha to its mature soluble form. Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface. Plays a role in the proteolytic processing of ACE2 (By similarity). Responsible for the proteolytic release of several other cell-surface proteins, including p75 TNF-receptor, interleukin 1 receptor type II, p55 TNF-receptor, transforming growth factor-alpha, L-selectin, growth hormone receptor, MUC1 and the amyloid precursor protein. Acts as an activator of [...] (846 aa) |
| | Plcg1 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1; Mediates the production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular signaling cascades. Becomes activated in response to ligand-mediated activation of receptor-type tyrosine kinases, such as PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Plays a role in actin reorganization and cell migration. (1302 aa) |
| | Mtor | Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which is a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth and survival in response to hormones, growth factors, nutrients, energy and stress signals. MTOR directly or indirectly regulates the phosphorylation of at least 800 proteins. Functions as part of 2 structurally and functionally distinct signaling complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 1 and 2). Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis (By similarity). This includes phosph [...] (2549 aa) |
| | Dll4 | Delta-like protein 4; Involved in the Notch signaling pathway as Notch ligand. Activates NOTCH1 and NOTCH4. Involved in angiogenesis; negatively regulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration and angiogenic sprouting (By similarity). Essential for retinal progenitor proliferation. Required for suppressing rod fates in late retinal progenitors as well as for proper generation of other retinal cell types. During spinal cord neurogenesis, inhibits V2a interneuron fate (By similarity). (686 aa) |
| | Nfe2l2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; Transcription factor that plays a key role in the response to oxidative stress: binds to antioxidant response (ARE) elements present in the promoter region of many cytoprotective genes, such as phase 2 detoxifying enzymes, and promotes their expression, thereby neutralizing reactive electrophiles. In normal conditions, ubiquitinated and degraded in the cytoplasm by the BCR(KEAP1) complex. In response to oxidative stress, electrophile metabolites inhibit activity of the BCR(KEAP1) complex, promoting nuclear accumulation of NFE2L2/NRF2, hetero [...] (597 aa) |
| | Tek | Angiopoietin-1 receptor; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for ANGPT1, ANGPT2 and ANGPT4 and regulates angiogenesis, endothelial cell survival, proliferation, migration, adhesion and cell spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, but also maintenance of vascular quiescence. Has anti-inflammatory effects by preventing the leakage of proinflammatory plasma proteins and leukocytes from blood vessels. Required for normal angiogenesis and heart development during embryogenesis. Required for post-natal hematopoiesis. After birth, activates or inhibits angi [...] (1123 aa) |
| | Rtn4 | Reticulon-4; Required to induce the formation and stabilization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules. They regulate membrane morphogenesis in the ER by promoting tubular ER production. They influence nuclear envelope expansion, nuclear pore complex formation and proper localization of inner nuclear membrane proteins. However each isoform have specific functions mainly depending on their tissue expression specificities. [Isoform B]: Mainly function in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, is also involved in immune system regulation (Probable). Modulator of vascular remod [...] (1162 aa) |
| | Pdpk1 | 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as a master kinase, phosphorylating and activating a subgroup of the AGC family of protein kinases. Its targets include: protein kinase B (PKB/AKT1, PKB/AKT2, PKB/AKT3), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KB1), p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2 and RPS6KA3), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACA), protein kinase C (PRKCD and PRKCZ), serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1, SGK2 and SGK3), p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1), protein kinase PKN (PKN1 and PKN2). Plays a central rol [...] (559 aa) |
| | Gata3 | Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3; Transcriptional activator which binds to the enhancer of the T-cell receptor alpha and delta genes. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-AGATAG-3'. Required for the T-helper 2 (Th2) differentiation process following immune and inflammatory responses. (443 aa) |
| | Dcn | Decorin; May affect the rate of fibrils formation; Belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. SLRP class I subfamily. (354 aa) |
| | Igf1 | Insulin-like growth factor I; The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation (By similarity). Ca(2 [...] (159 aa) |
| | Col18a1 | Collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain; Probably plays a major role in determining the retinal structure as well as in the closure of the neural tube. Endostatin: Potently inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. May inhibit angiogenesis by binding to the heparan sulfate proteoglycans involved in growth factor signaling. Inhibits VEGFA isoform VEGF165-induced endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Seems to inhibit VEGFA-mediated signaling by blocking the interaction of VEGFA to its receptor KDR/VEGFR2. Modulates endothelial cell migration in an integrin-dependent manner [...] (1527 aa) |
| | Pik3cd | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Mediates immune responses. Plays a role in B-cell development, proliferation, migration, and function. Required for B-cell recepto [...] (1047 aa) |
| | Jun | Transcription factor AP-1; Transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Promotes activity of NR5A1 when phosphorylated by HIPK3 leading to increased steroidogenic gene expression upon cAMP signaling pathway stimulation. Involved in activated KRAS-mediated transcriptional activation of USP28 (By similarity). Binds to the USP28 promoter (By similarity). (334 aa) |
| | Stat5a | Signal transducer and activator of transcription. (797 aa) |
| | Klf4 | Krueppel-like factor 4; Transcription factor; can act both as activator and as repressor. Binds the 5'-CACCC-3' core sequence. Binds to the promoter region of its own gene and can activate its own transcription. Regulates the expression of key transcription factors during embryonic development. Plays an important role in maintaining embryonic stem cells, and in preventing their differentiation. Required for establishing the barrier function of the skin and for postnatal maturation and maintenance of the ocular surface. Involved in the differentiation of epithelial cells and may also fu [...] (483 aa) |
| | Fbxw7 | F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Recognizes and binds phosphorylated sites/phosphodegrons within target proteins and thereafter bring them to the SCF complex for ubiquitination. Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of CCNE1 and MYC. Identified substrates include cyclin-E (CCNE1 or CCNE2), DISC1, JUN, MYC, NOTCH1 released notch intracellular domain (NICD), NOTCH2, MCL1 and pr [...] (710 aa) |
| | Ptk2 | Focal adhesion kinase 1; Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating cell migration, adhesion, spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation and disassembly of focal adhesions and cell protrusions, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Required for early embryonic development and placenta development. Required for embryonic angiogenesis, normal cardiomyocyte migration and proliferation, and normal heart development. Regulates axon growth and neuronal cell migration, axon branching and synapse formation; required f [...] (1052 aa) |
| | Prl2c2 | Prolactin-2C2; May have a role in embryonic development. It is likely to provide a growth stimulus to target cells in maternal and fetal tissues during the development of the embryo at mid-gestation. May play a role during wound healing and in the hair follicle cycle as a growth factor and/or an angiogenesis factor. May play a role in microvilli formation and cell proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. Belongs to the somatotropin/prolactin family. (224 aa) |
| | Hdac9 | Histone deacetylase 9; Devoided of intrinsic deacetylase activity, promotes the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) by recruiting HDAC1 and HDAC3. Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Represses MEF2-dependent transcription, inhibits skeletal myogenesis and may be involved in heart development. Protects neurons from apoptosis, both by inhibiting JUN phosphorylation by MAPK10 and by repressing JUN [...] (588 aa) |
| | Akt3 | RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT3 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT3 is the least studied AKT isoform. It plays an important role in brain development and is crucial fo [...] (479 aa) |
| | Mmrn2 | Multimerin-2; Inhibits endothelial cells motility and acts as a negative regulator of angiogenesis; it downregulates KDR activation by binding VEGFA. (943 aa) |
| | Adipor1 | Adiponectin receptor protein 1; Receptor for ADIPOQ, an essential hormone secreted by adipocytes that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Required for normal glucose and fat homeostasis and for maintaining a normal body weight. ADIPOQ-binding activates a signaling cascade that leads to increased AMPK activity, and ultimately to increased fatty acid oxidation, increased glucose uptake and decreased gluconeogenesis. Has high affinity for globular adiponectin and low affinity for full-length adiponectin. (375 aa) |
| | Amot | Angiomotin; Plays a central role in tight junction maintenance via the complex formed with ARHGAP17, which acts by regulating the uptake of polarity proteins at tight junctions. Appears to regulate endothelial cell migration and tube formation. May also play a role in the assembly of endothelial cell-cell junctions (By similarity). (1126 aa) |
| | Srpx2 | Sushi repeat-containing protein SRPX2; Acts as a ligand for the urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor. Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell migration and the formation of vascular network (cords). Involved in cellular migration and adhesion. Increases the phosphorylation levels of FAK. Interacts with and increases the mitogenic activity of HGF. Promotes synapse formation. Required for ultrasonic vocalizations. (468 aa) |
| | Foxp1 | Forkhead box protein P1; Transcriptional repressor. Can act with CTBP1 to synergistically repress transcription but CTPBP1 is not essential. Plays an important role in the specification and differentiation of lung epithelium. Acts cooperatively with FOXP4 to regulate lung secretory epithelial cell fate and regeneration by restricting the goblet cell lineage program; the function may involve regulation of AGR2. Essential transcriptional regulator of B-cell development. Involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. Involved in the columnar organization of spinal motor neur [...] (705 aa) |
| | Kdr | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFC and VEGFD. Plays an essential role in the regulation of angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular permeability, and embryonic hematopoiesis. Promotes proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Isoforms lacking a transmembrane domain, such as isoform 2, may function as decoy receptors for VEGFA, VEGFC and/or VEGFD. Isoform 2 plays an important role as a negative regulator of VE [...] (1345 aa) |
| | Met | Hepatocyte growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to hepatocyte growth factor/HGF ligand. Regulates many physiological processes including proliferation, scattering, morphogenesis and survival. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces autophosphorylation of MET on its intracellular domain that provides docking sites for downstream signaling molecules. Following activation by ligand, interacts with the PI3-kinase subunit PIK3R1, PLCG1, SRC, GRB2, STAT3 or the adapter GAB1. Recruitment of thes [...] (1379 aa) |
| | Hdac7 | Histone deacetylase 7; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Involved in muscle maturation by repressing transcription of myocyte enhancer factors such as MEF2A, MEF2B and MEF2C. During muscle differentiation, it shuttles into the cytoplasm, allowing the expression [...] (953 aa) |
| | Sirt1 | NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase that links transcriptional regulation directly to intracellular energetics and participates in the coordination of several separated cellular functions such as cell cycle, response to DNA damage, metabolism, apoptosis and autophagy. Can modulate chromatin function through deacetylation of histones and can promote alterations in the methylation of histones and DNA, leading to transcriptional repression (By similarity). Deacetylates a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, thereby regulating ta [...] (737 aa) |
| | Itga3 | Integrin alpha-3 heavy chain; Integrin alpha-3/beta-1 is a receptor for fibronectin, laminin, collagen, epiligrin, thrombospondin and CSPG4. Integrin alpha- 3/beta-1 provides a docking site for FAP (seprase) at invadopodia plasma membranes in a collagen-dependent manner and hence may participate in the adhesion, formation of invadopodia and matrix degradation processes, promoting cell invasion. Alpha-3/beta-1 may mediate with LGALS3 the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. (1068 aa) |
| | Igf2 | Insulin-like growth factor II; The insulin-like growth factors possess growth-promoting activity (Probable). Major fetal growth hormone in mammals. Plays a key role in regulating fetoplacental development (Probable). IGF-II is influenced by placental lactogen (Probable). Also involved in tissue differentiation (Probable). Positively regulates myogenic transcription factor MYOD1 function by facilitating the recruitment of transcriptional coactivators, thereby controlling muscle terminal differentiation. In adults, involved in glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liv [...] (191 aa) |
| | Rreb1 | Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1; Transcription factor that binds specifically to the RAS- responsive elements (RRE) of gene promoters. May be involved in Ras/Raf-mediated cell differentiation by enhancing calcitonin expression. Represses the angiotensinogen gene. Negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of AR. Potentiates the transcriptional activity of NEUROD1 (By similarity). Binds specifically to the allelic variant of the CDKN2A promoter present in Balb/c mice, which leads to a down-regulation of CDKN2A expression in this strain, and, as a consequence, to an eleva [...] (1754 aa) |
| | Vegfa | Vascular endothelial growth factor A; Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. May play a role in increasing vascular permeability during lactation, when increased transport of molecules from the blood is required for efficient milk protein synthesis (By similarity). Binding to NRP1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor [...] (392 aa) |
| | Ccbe1 | Collagen and calcium-binding EGF domain-containing protein 1; Required for lymphangioblast budding and angiogenic sprouting from venous endothelium during embryogenesis; Belongs to the CCBE1 family. (408 aa) |
| | Atp2b4 | Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4; Calcium/calmodulin-regulated and magnesium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium out of the cell (By similarity). By regulating sperm cell calcium homeostasis, may play a role in sperm motility ; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIB subfamily. (1205 aa) |
| | Pdcd10 | Programmed cell death protein 10; Promotes cell proliferation. Modulates apoptotic pathways. Increases mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and STK26 activity. Important for cell migration, and for normal structure and assembly of the Golgi complex (By similarity). Important for KDR/VEGFR2 signaling. Increases the stability of KDR/VEGFR2 and prevents its breakdown. Required for normal cardiovascular development. Required for normal angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis during embryonic development (By similarity); Belongs to the PDCD10 family. (212 aa) |
| | Pik3c2a | Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit alpha; Generates phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) that act as second messengers. Has a role in several intracellular trafficking events. Functions in insulin signaling and secretion. Required for translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 to the plasma membrane and glucose uptake in response to insulin-mediated RHOQ activation. Regulates insulin secretion through two different mechanisms: involved in glucose-induced insulin secretion dow [...] (1686 aa) |
| | Adamts9 | A disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 9. (1350 aa) |
| | Enpp2 | Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2; Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce the signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubul [...] (914 aa) |
| | Rab11a | Ras-related protein Rab-11A; The small GTPases Rab areR key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. The small Rab GTPase RAB11A regulates endocytic recycling. Acts as a major regulator of membrane delivery during cytokinesis. Together with MYO5B and RAB8A participates in epithelial [...] (216 aa) |
| | Fgf2 | Fibroblast growth factor 2; Acts as a ligand for FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Also acts as an integrin ligand which is required for FGF2 signaling. Binds to integrin ITGAV:ITGB3. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as a potent mitogen in vitro. Can induce angiogenesis. Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (154 aa) |
| | Fgfbp1 | Fibroblast growth factor-binding protein 1; Acts as a carrier protein that releases fibroblast-binding factors (FGFs) from the extracellular matrix (EM) storage and thus enhances the mitogenic activity of FGFs. Enhances FGF2 signaling during tissue repair, angiogenesis and in tumor growth (By similarity). (251 aa) |
| | Tgfb2 | Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-2, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-2: Multifunctional protein that regulates various processes such as angiogenesis and heart development (By similarity). Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transfor [...] (442 aa) |
| | Map4k4 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4; Serine/threonine kinase that may play a role in the response to environmental stress and cytokines such as TNF-alpha. Appears to act upstream of the JUN N-terminal pathway. Phosphorylates SMAD1 on Thr-322 (By similarity); Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily. (1288 aa) |
| | Clasp1 | CLIP-associating protein 1; Microtubule plus-end tracking protein that promotes the stabilization of dynamic microtubules. Involved in the nucleation of noncentrosomal microtubules originating from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Required for the polarization of the cytoplasmic microtubule arrays in migrating cells towards the leading edge of the cell. May act at the cell cortex to enhance the frequency of rescue of depolymerizing microtubules by attaching their plus-ends to cortical platforms composed of ERC1 and PHLDB2. This cortical microtubule stabilizing activity is regulated at le [...] (1468 aa) |
| | Tac1 | C-terminal-flanking peptide; Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles; Belongs to the tachykinin family. (130 aa) |
| | Prox1 | Prospero homeobox protein 1; Transcription factor involved in developmental processes such as cell fate determination, gene transcriptional regulation and progenitor cell regulation in a number of organs. Plays a critical role in embryonic development and functions as a key regulatory protein in neurogenesis and the development of the heart, eye lens, liver, pancreas and the lymphatic system. Involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm. Represses: transcription of the retinoid-related orphan receptor RORG, transcriptional activator activity of RORA and RORG and the expression of [...] (737 aa) |
| | Csnk2b | Casein kinase II subunit beta; Plays a complex role in regulating the basal catalytic activity of the alpha subunit (By similarity). Participates in Wnt signaling; Belongs to the casein kinase 2 subunit beta family. (257 aa) |
| | Slit2 | Slit homolog 2 protein C-product; Thought to act as molecular guidance cue in cellular migration, and function appears to be mediated by interaction with roundabout homolog receptors. During neural development involved in axonal navigation at the ventral midline of the neural tube and projection of axons to different regions. SLIT1 and SLIT2 seem to be essential for midline guidance in the forebrain by acting as repulsive signal preventing inappropriate midline crossing by axons projecting from the olfactory bulb. In spinal chord development, may play a role in guiding commissural axon [...] (1542 aa) |
| | Apoe | Apolipoprotein E; APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their production, conversion and clearance. Apoliproteins are amphipathic molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density [...] (311 aa) |
| | Gm20498 | Predicted gene 20498. (182 aa) |
| | Clasp2 | CLIP-associating protein 2; Microtubule plus-end tracking protein that promotes the stabilization of dynamic microtubules. Involved in the nucleation of noncentrosomal microtubules originating from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Required for the polarization of the cytoplasmic microtubule arrays in migrating cells towards the leading edge of the cell. May act at the cell cortex to enhance the frequency of rescue of depolymerizing microtubules by attaching their plus-ends to cortical platforms composed of ERC1 and PHLDB2. This cortical microtubule stabilizing activity is regulated at le [...] (1287 aa) |
| | Bcar1 | Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1; Docking protein which plays a central coordinating role for tyrosine kinase-based signaling related to cell adhesion. Implicated in induction of cell migration (By similarity). Has been shown to be essential in cardiovascular development during embryogenesis. Belongs to the CAS family. (874 aa) |
| | Card10 | Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 10; Activates NF-kappa-B via BCL10 and IKK. (1070 aa) |
| | Emc10 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 10; Promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair in the heart after myocardial infarction. Stimulates cardiac endothelial cell migration and outgrowth via the activation of p38 MAPK, PAK and MAPK2 signaling pathways. (268 aa) |
| | Tsta3 | GDP-L-fucose synthase; Catalyzes the two-step NADP-dependent conversion of GDP-4- dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose to GDP-fucose, involving an epimerase and a reductase reaction. (321 aa) |
| | Eppk1 | Epiplakin; Cytoskeletal linker protein that connects to intermediate filaments and controls their reorganization in response to stress. In response to mechanical stress like wound healing, is associated with the machinery for cellular motility by slowing down keratinocyte migration and proliferation and accelerating keratin bundling in proliferating keratinocytes thus contributing to tissue architecture. However in wound healing in corneal epithelium also positively regulates cell differentiation and proliferation and negatively regulates migration thereby controlling corneal epitheliu [...] (3458 aa) |
| | Ptprm | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu; Involved in cell-cell adhesion through homophilic interactions. May play a key role in signal transduction and growth control. (1452 aa) |
| | Prl7d1 | Prolactin-7D1; Belongs to the somatotropin/prolactin family. (244 aa) |
| | Arhgap5 | Rho GTPase-activating protein 5; GTPase-activating protein for Rho family members. (1503 aa) |
| | Tbxa2r | Thromboxane A2 receptor; Receptor for thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a potent stimulator of platelet aggregation. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G- protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. In the kidney, the binding of TXA2 to glomerular TP receptors causes intense vasoconstriction. Activates phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase. (341 aa) |
| | Cd63 | CD63 antigen; Functions as cell surface receptor for TIMP1 and plays a role in the activation of cellular signaling cascades. Plays a role in the activation of ITGB1 and integrin signaling, leading to the activation of AKT, FAK/PTK2 and MAP kinases. Promotes cell survival, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, spreading and migration, via its role in the activation of AKT and FAK/PTK2. Plays a role in VEGFA signaling via its role in regulating the internalization of KDR/VEGFR2. Plays a role in intracellular vesicular transport processes, and is required for normal tr [...] (238 aa) |
| | Synj2bp | Synaptojanin-2-binding protein; Isoform 1 regulates endocytosis of activin type 2 receptor kinases through the Ral/RALBP1-dependent pathway and may be involved in suppression of activin-induced signal transduction. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 show a stimulatory affect on activin-induced signal transduction and enhance activin type 2 expression at the cell surface. (145 aa) |
| | Robo4 | Roundabout homolog 4; Receptor for Slit proteins, at least for SLIT2, and seems to be involved in angiogenesis and vascular patterning. May mediate the inhibition of primary endothelial cell migration by Slit proteins. Involved in the maintenance of endothelial barrier organization and function (By similarity); Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. ROBO family. (1022 aa) |
| | Adam9 | Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 9; Cleaves and releases a number of molecules with important roles in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis, such as TEK, KDR, EPHB4, CD40, VCAM1 and CDH5. May mediate cell-cell, cell-matrix interactions and regulate the motility of cells via interactions with integrins. (863 aa) |
| | Mef2c | Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C; Transcription activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element present in the regulatory regions of many muscle-specific genes. Controls cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis, and is also involved in vascular development. Enhances transcriptional activation mediated by SOX18. May also be involved in neurogenesis and in the development of cortical architecture. Isoforms that lack the repressor domain are more active than isoform 1 (By similarity). Plays an essential role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by suppressing the number of e [...] (474 aa) |
| | Apoh | Beta-2-glycoprotein 1; Binds to various kinds of negatively charged substances such as heparin, phospholipids, and dextran sulfate. May prevent activation of the intrinsic blood coagulation cascade by binding to phospholipids on the surface of damaged cells. (345 aa) |
| | Alox12 | Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S-type; Catalyzes the regio and stereo-specific incorporation of a single molecule of dioxygen into free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids generating lipid hydroperoxides that can be further reduced to the corresponding hydroxy species. Mainly converts arachidonic acid to (12S)- hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/(12S)-HPETE but can also metabolize linoleic acid. In contrast does not react towards methyl esters of linoleic and arachidonic acids. Also catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 14S-hydroperoxy-d [...] (663 aa) |
| | Pparg | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut ho [...] (505 aa) |
| | Pdgfb | Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B; Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin. Required for normal proliferation and recruitment of pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in the central nervous system, skin, lung, heart and placenta. Required for normal blood vessel development, and for normal development of kidney glomeruli. Plays an important role in wound healing. Signaling is modulated by the formation of heterodimers wit [...] (241 aa) |
| | Acvrl1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3; Type I receptor for TGF-beta family ligands BMP9/GDF2 and BMP10 and important regulator of normal blood vessel development. On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. May bind activin as well. (502 aa) |
| | Sox9 | Transcription factor SOX-9; Transcriptional regulator that plays a role in chondrocytes differentiation and skeletal development. Binds to the COL2A1 promoter and activates COL2A1 expression, as part of a complex with ZNF219. (507 aa) |
| | Serpinf1 | Pigment epithelium-derived factor; Neurotrophic protein; induces extensive neuronal differentiation in retinoblastoma cells. Potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. As it does not undergo the S (stressed) to R (relaxed) conformational transition characteristic of active serpins, it exhibits no serine protease inhibitory activity. (417 aa) |
| | Il4 | Interleukin-4; Participates in at least several B-cell activation processes as well as of other cell types. It is a costimulator of DNA-synthesis. It induces the expression of class II MHC molecules on resting B-cells. It enhances both secretion and cell surface expression of IgE and IgG1. It also regulates the expression of the low affinity Fc receptor for IgE (CD23) on both lymphocytes and monocytes. Positively regulates IL31RA expression in macrophages. Stimulates autophagy in dendritic cells by interfering with mTORC1 signaling and through the induction of RUFY4. Belongs to the IL- [...] (140 aa) |
| | Sh3bp1 | SH3 domain-binding protein 1; GTPase activating protein (GAP) which specifically converts GTP-bound Rho-type GTPases including RAC1 and CDC42 in their inactive GDP-bound form. By specifically inactivating RAC1 at the leading edge of migrating cells, it regulates the spatiotemporal organization of cell protrusions which is important for proper cell migration. Also negatively regulates CDC42 in the process of actin remodeling and the formation of epithelial cell junctions. Through its GAP activity toward RAC1 and/or CDC42 plays a specific role in phagocytosis of large particles. Specific [...] (680 aa) |
| | Sp1 | Transcription factor Sp1; Transcription factor that can activate or repress transcription in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Binds with high affinity to GC-rich motifs and regulates the expression of a large number of genes involved in a variety of processes such as cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation and immune responses. Highly regulated by post-translational modifications (phosphorylations, sumoylation, proteolytic cleavage, glycosylation and acetylation). Binds also the PDGFR-alpha G-box promoter. May have a role in modulating the cellular response to DNA da [...] (781 aa) |
| | Jup | Junction plakoglobin; Common junctional plaque protein. The membrane-associated plaques are architectural elements in an important strategic position to influence the arrangement and function of both the cytoskeleton and the cells within the tissue. The presence of plakoglobin in both the desmosomes and in the intermediate junctions suggests that it plays a central role in the structure and function of submembranous plaques. Acts as a substrate for VE-PTP and is required by it to stimulate VE- cadherin function in endothelial cells. Can replace beta-catenin in E- cadherin/catenin adhes [...] (745 aa) |
| | Akt1 | RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the [...] (480 aa) |
| | Map3k3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3; Component of a protein kinase signal transduction cascade. Mediates activation of the NF-kappa-B, AP1 and DDIT3 transcriptional regulators. (626 aa) |
| | Tgfb1 | Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration. Activation into mature form follows different [...] (390 aa) |
| | Shh | Sonic hedgehog protein N-product; [Sonic hedgehog protein]: The C-terminal part of the sonic hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis and a cholesterol transferase activity. Both activities result in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (ShhN and ShhC) followed by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated ShhN. Both activities occur in the reticulum endoplasmic. Once cleaved, ShhC is degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum. (437 aa) |
| | Prkd1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase D1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects downstream of PKC, and is involved in the regulation of MAPK8/JNK1 and Ras signaling, Golgi membrane integrity and trafficking, cell survival through NF-kappa-B activation, cell migration, cell differentiation by mediating HDAC7 nuclear export, cell proliferation via MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling, and plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy, VEGFA-induced angiogenesis, genotoxic-induced apoptosis and flagellin-stimulated inflammatory res [...] (918 aa) |
| | Calr | Calreticulin; Calcium-binding chaperone that promotes folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin interacts transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER. Interacts with the DNA-binding domain of NR3C1 and mediates its nuclear export. Involved in maternal gene expression regulation. May participate in oocyte maturation via the regulation of calcium homeostasis (By similarity); Belongs to the calreticulin family. (416 aa) |
| | Gab2 | GRB2-associated-binding protein 2; Adapter protein which acts downstream of several membrane receptors including cytokine, antigen, hormone, cell matrix and growth factor receptors to regulate multiple signaling pathways. Regulates osteoclast differentiation mediating the TNFRSF11A/RANK signaling. In allergic response, it plays a role in mast cells activation and degranulation through PI-3-kinase regulation. Also involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and hematopoiesis. Belongs to the GAB family. (666 aa) |
| | Coro1c | Coronin-1C; Plays a role in directed cell migration by regulating the activation and subcellular location of RAC1. Increases the presence of activated RAC1 at the leading edge of migrating cells. Required for normal organization of the cytoskeleton, including the actin cytoskeleton, microtubules and the vimentin intermediate filaments. Required for normal cell proliferation, cell migration, and normal formation of lamellipodia. Plays a role in endoplasmic reticulum-associated endosome fission: localizes to endosome membrane tubules and promotes recruitment of TMCC1, leading to recruitm [...] (474 aa) |
| | Aqp1 | Aquaporin-1; Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of red cells and kidney proximal tubules with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. (269 aa) |
| | Hspb1 | Heat shock protein beta-1; Small heat shock protein which functions as a molecular chaperone probably maintaining denatured proteins in a folding- competent state. Plays a role in stress resistance and actin organization. Through its molecular chaperone activity may regulate numerous biological processes including the phosphorylation and the axonal transport of neurofilament proteins (By similarity). (209 aa) |
| | Hmox1 | Heme oxygenase 1; Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed. Exhibits cytoprotective effects since excess of free heme sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis. (289 aa) |
| | Epha2 | Ephrin type-A receptor 2; Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously membrane- bound ephrin-A family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Activated by the ligand ephrin- A1/EFNA1 regulates migration, integrin-mediated adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of cells. Regulates cell adhesion and differentiation through DS [...] (977 aa) |
| | Rhoa | Transforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis (By similarity). [...] (193 aa) |
| | Fut1 | Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 1; Creates a soluble precursor oligosaccharide FuC-alpha ((1,2)Gal-beta-) called the H antigen which is an essential substrate for the final step in the soluble A and B antigen synthesis pathway. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 11 family. (377 aa) |
| | Rab25 | Ras-related protein Rab-25; Involved in the regulation of cell survival. Promotes invasive migration of cells in which it functions to localize and maintain integrin alpha-V/beta-1 at the tips of extending pseudopodia. Involved in the regulation of epithelial morphogenesis through the control of CLDN4 expression and localization at tight junctions. May selectively regulate the apical recycling pathway. Together with MYO5B regulates transcytosis (By similarity). (213 aa) |
| | Hdac5 | Histone deacetylase 5; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Involved in muscle maturation by repressing transcription of myocyte enhancer MEF2C. During muscle differentiation, it shuttles into the cytoplasm, allowing the expression of myocyte enhancer factors (By s [...] (1121 aa) |
| | Hyal1 | Hyaluronidase-1; May have a role in promoting tumor progression. May block the TGFB1-enhanced cell growth. (462 aa) |
| | Amotl1 | Angiomotin-like protein 1; Inhibits the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, probably by recruiting CTNNB1 to recycling endosomes and hence preventing its translocation to the nucleus. (968 aa) |
| | Pten | Phosphatase and tensin homolog; In motile cells, suppresses the formation of lateral pseudopods and thereby promotes cell polarization and directed movement (By similarity). Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine- phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4- diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5- tetrakisphosphate with order of subst [...] (403 aa) |
| | Stc1 | Stanniocalcin-1; Stimulates renal phosphate reabsorption, and could therefore prevent hypercalcemia; Belongs to the stanniocalcin family. (247 aa) |
| | Gata2 | Endothelial transcription factor GATA-2; Transcriptional activator which regulates endothelin-1 gene expression in endothelial cells. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'- AGATAG-3'. (480 aa) |
| | Sash1 | SAM and SH3 domain-containing protein 1; Is a positive regulator of NF-kappa-B signaling downstream of TLR4 activation. It acts as a scaffold molecule to assemble a molecular complex that includes TRAF6, MAP3K7, CHUK and IKBKB, thereby facilitating NF-kappa-B signaling activation. Regulates TRAF6 and MAP3K7 ubiquitination. Involved in the regulation of cell mobility. Regulates lipolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial cell migration. Is involved in the regulation of skin pigmentation through the control of melanocyte migration in the epidermis. (1230 aa) |
| | Ager | Advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor; Mediates interactions of advanced glycosylation end products (AGE). These are nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins which accumulate in vascular tissue in aging and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. Acts as a mediator of both acute and chronic vascular inflammation in conditions such as atherosclerosis and in particular as a complication of diabetes. AGE/RAGE signaling plays an important role in regulating the production/expression of TNF-alpha, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Interaction with S1 [...] (402 aa) |
| | Cd40 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5; Receptor for TNFSF5/CD40LG (By similarity). Transduces TRAF6- and MAP3K8-mediated signals that activate ERK in macrophages and B cells, leading to induction of immunoglobulin secretion. (289 aa) |
| | Mmp9 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9; Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase M10A family. (730 aa) |
| | Pfn1 | Profilin-1; Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations. By binding to PIP2, it inhibits the formation of IP3 and DG. Inhibits androgen receptor (AR) and HTT aggregation and binding of G-actin is essential for its inhibition of AR (By similarity). (140 aa) |
| | Adora2b | Adenosine receptor A2b; Receptor for adenosine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (332 aa) |
| | Sparc | SPARC; Appears to regulate cell growth through interactions with the extracellular matrix and cytokines. Binds calcium and copper, several types of collagen, albumin, thrombospondin, PDGF and cell membranes. There are two calcium binding sites; an acidic domain that binds 5 to 8 Ca(2+) with a low affinity and an EF-hand loop that binds a Ca(2+) ion with a high affinity; Belongs to the SPARC family. (302 aa) |
| | Map2k3 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3; Dual specificity kinase. Is activated by cytokines and environmental stress in vivo. Catalyzes the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in the MAP kinase p38. Part of a signaling cascade that begins with the activation of the adrenergic receptor ADRA1B and leads to the activation of MAPK14. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase subfamily. (347 aa) |
| | Nr2e1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1; Orphan receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to hormone response elements (HRE) containing an extended core motif half-site sequence 5'-AAGGTCA-3' in which the 5' flanking nucleotides participate in determining receptor specificity (By similarity). Regulates cell cycle progression in neural stem cells of rhe developing brain. Involved in the regulation of retinal development and essential for vision. During retinogenesis, regulates PTEN-Cyclin D expression via binding to the promoter region of PTEN and suppressing its activity. May be invol [...] (385 aa) |
| | Fgf18 | Fibroblast growth factor 18; Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. Required for normal ossification and bone development. Stimulates hepatic and intestinal proliferation (By similarity). (207 aa) |
| | Flt4 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFC and VEGFD, and plays an essential role in adult lymphangiogenesis and in the development of the vascular network and the cardiovascular system during embryonic development. Promotes proliferation, survival and migration of endothelial cells, and regulates angiogenic sprouting. Signaling by activated FLT4 leads to enhanced production of VEGFC, and to a lesser degree VEGFA, thereby creating a positive feedback loop that enhances FLT4 signaling. Modulates KDR signaling by [...] (1363 aa) |
| | Rock2 | Rho-associated protein kinase 2; Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of ADD1, BRCA2, CNN1, EZR, DPYSL2, EP300, MSN, MYL9/MLC2, NPM1, RDX, PPP1R12A and VIM. Phosphorylates SORL1 and IRF4. Acts as a negative regulator of VEGF-induced angiogenic endothelial cell activation. Positively regulates the activation of p42/MAPK1- p44/MAPK3 and of p90RSK/RPS6K [...] (1388 aa) |
| | Itgb3 | Integrin beta-3; Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIB/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIB/beta-3 and alpha- V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Integrin alpha-IIB/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A- G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following ac [...] (787 aa) |
| | Hif1a | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha; Functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, HILPDA, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Plays an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease. Heterodimerizes with ARNT; heterodimer binds to core DNA sequenc [...] (836 aa) |
| | Lgmn | Legumain; Has a strict specificity for hydrolysis of asparaginyl bonds. Can also cleave aspartyl bonds slowly, especially under acidic conditions. May be involved in the processing of proteins for MHC class II antigen presentation in the lysosomal/endosomal system. Required for normal lysosomal protein degradation in renal proximal tubules. Required for normal degradation of internalized EGFR. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation via its role in EGFR degradation. (435 aa) |
| | Vash1 | Tubulinyl-Tyr carboxypeptidase 1; Tyrosine carboxypeptidase that removes the C-terminal tyrosine residue of alpha-tubulin, thereby regulating microtubule dynamics and function. Acts as an angiogenesis inhibitor: inhibits migration, proliferation and network formation by endothelial cells as well as angiogenesis. This inhibitory effect is selective to endothelial cells as it does not affect the migration of smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts (By similarity); Belongs to the transglutaminase-like superfamily. Vasohibin family. (375 aa) |
| | Evl | Ena/VASP-like protein; Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance and lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics in migrating cells. EVL enhances actin nucleation and polymerization. (414 aa) |
| | Gpld1 | Phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D; This protein hydrolyzes the inositol phosphate linkage in proteins anchored by phosphatidylinositol glycans (GPI-anchor) thus releasing these proteins from the membrane. (842 aa) |
| | Pdcd6 | Programmed cell death protein 6; Calcium sensor that plays a key role in processes such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi vesicular transport, endosomal biogenesis or membrane repair. Acts as an adapter that bridges unrelated proteins or stabilizes weak protein-protein complexes in response to calcium: calcium-binding triggers exposure of apolar surface, promoting interaction with different sets of proteins thanks to 3 different hydrophobic pockets, leading to translocation to membranes. Involved in ER- Golgi transport by promoting the association between PDCD6IP and TSG101, thereby [...] (191 aa) |
| | Plk2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK2; Tumor suppressor serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in synaptic plasticity, centriole duplication and G1/S phase transition. Polo-like kinases act by binding and phosphorylating proteins are that already phosphorylated on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates CENPJ, NPM1, RAPGEF2, RASGRF1, SNCA, SIPA1L1 and SYNGAP1. Plays a key role in synaptic plasticity and memory by regulating the Ras and Rap protein signaling: required for overactivity-dependent spine remodeling by phosphorylating the Ras activator RASGRF1 an [...] (682 aa) |
| | Fgf10 | Fibroblast growth factor 10; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Required for normal branching morphogenesis. May play a role in wound healing; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (209 aa) |
| | Ptprg | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase gamma; Possesses tyrosine phosphatase activity. (1442 aa) |
| | Capn7 | Calpain-7; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease. (813 aa) |
| | Rgcc | Regulator of cell cycle RGCC; Modulates the activity of cell cycle-specific kinases. Enhances CDK1 activity. May contribute to the regulation of the cell cycle. May inhibit growth of glioma cells by promoting arrest of mitotic progression at the G2/M transition. Fibrogenic factor contributing to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis through fibroblast activation. (137 aa) |
| | Ptk2b | Protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta; Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarization, cell migration, adhesion, spreading and bone remodeling. Plays a role in the regulation of the humoral immune response, and is required for normal levels of marginal B-cells in the spleen and normal migration of splenic B-cells. Required for normal macrophage polarization and migration towards sites of inflammation. Regulates cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell spreading in T-cells, and contributes to the regulation of T-cell responses. Promot [...] (1009 aa) |
| | Angpt1 | Angiopoietin-1; Binds and activates TEK/TIE2 receptor by inducing its dimerization and tyrosine phosphorylation. Plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis, endothelial cell survival, proliferation, migration, adhesion and cell spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, but also maintenance of vascular quiescence. Required for normal angiogenesis and heart development during embryogenesis. After birth, activates or inhibits angiogenesis, depending on the context. Inhibits angiogenesis and promotes vascular stability in quiescent vessels, where endothelial cells [...] (498 aa) |
| | Snai2 | Zinc finger protein SNAI2; Transcriptional repressor that modulates both activator- dependent and basal transcription. Involved in the generation and migration of neural crest cells. Plays a role in mediating RAF1-induced transcriptional repression of the TJ protein, occludin (OCLN) and subsequent oncogenic transformation of epithelial cells. Represses BRCA2 expression by binding to its E2-box-containing silencer and recruiting CTBP1 and HDAC1 in breast cells. In epidermal keratinocytes, binds to the E-box in ITGA3 promoter and represses its transcription. Involved in the regulation of [...] (269 aa) |
| | Hrg | Histidine-rich glycoprotein; Plasma glycoprotein that binds a number of ligands such as heme, heparin, heparan sulfate, thrombospondin, plasminogen, and divalent metal ions. Binds heparin and heparin/glycosaminoglycans in a zinc-dependent manner. Binds heparan sulfate on the surface of liver, lung, kidney and heart endothelial cells. Binds to N-sulfated polysaccharide chains on the surface of liver endothelial cells. Inhibits rosette formation. Acts as an adapter protein and is implicated in regulating many processes such as immune complex and pathogen clearance, cell chemotaxis, cell [...] (536 aa) |
| | Nus1 | Dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase complex subunit Nus1; With DHDDS, forms the dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase (DDS) complex, an essential component of the dolichol monophosphate (Dol-P) biosynthetic machinery. Both subunits contribute to enzymatic activity, i.e. condensation of multiple copies of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) to farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to produce dehydrodolichyl diphosphate (Dedol-PP), a precursor of dolichol phosphate which is utilized as a sugar carrier in protein glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Regulates the glycosylation and stabilit [...] (297 aa) |
| | Cxcl13 | C-X-C motif chemokine 13; Strongly chemotactic for B-lymphocytes, weakly for spleen monocytes and macrophages but no chemotactic activity for granulocytes. Binds to BLR1/CXCR5. May play a role in directing the migration of B- lymphocytes to follicles in secondary lymphoid organs. (109 aa) |
| | Smoc2 | SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 2; Can stimulate endothelial cell proliferation, migration, as well as angiogenesis (By similarity). Promotes matrix assembly and cell adhesiveness. (447 aa) |
| | Mapre2 | Microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 2; May be involved in microtubule polymerization, and spindle function by stabilizing microtubules and anchoring them at centrosomes. May play a role in cell migration (By similarity). (326 aa) |
| | Tnf | Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...] (235 aa) |
| | Hbegf | Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor; Growth factor that mediates its effects via EGFR, ERBB2 and ERBB4. Required for normal cardiac valve formation and normal heart function. Promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation. May be involved in macrophage-mediated cellular proliferation. It is mitogenic for fibroblasts, but not endothelial cells. It is able to bind EGF receptor/EGFR with higher affinity than EGF itself and is a far more potent mitogen for smooth muscle cells than EGF. Also acts as a diphtheria toxin receptor. (208 aa) |
| | Anxa1 | Annexin A1; Plays important roles in the innate immune response as effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses and regulator of the inflammatory process. Has anti-inflammatory activity. Plays a role in glucocorticoid-mediated down-regulation of the early phase of the inflammatory response. Promotes resolution of inflammation and wound healing. Functions at least in part by activating the formyl peptide receptors and downstream signaling cascades. Promotes chemotaxis of granulocytes and monocytes via activation of the formyl peptide receptors (By similarity). Contributes to the adapti [...] (346 aa) |
| | Atp5b | ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the c [...] (529 aa) |
| | Atp5a1 | ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the [...] (553 aa) |
| | Nrp1 | Neuropilin-1; Receptor involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, in angiogenesis, in the formation of certain neuronal circuits and in organogenesis outside the nervous system (By similarity). Mediates the chemorepulsant activity of semaphorins. Binds to semaphorin 3A, the PLGF-2 isoform of PGF, the VEGF165 isoform of VEGFA and VEGFB (By similarity). Coexpression with KDR results in increased VEGF165 binding to KDR as well as increased chemotaxis. Regulates VEGF-induced angiogenesis (By similarity). Binding to VEGFA initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron [...] (923 aa) |
| | Vil1 | Villin-1; Epithelial cell-specific Ca(2+)-regulated actin-modifying protein that modulates the reorganization of microvillar actin filaments. Plays a role in the actin nucleation, actin filament bundle assembly, actin filament capping and severing. Binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA); binds LPA with higher affinity than PIP2. Binding to LPA increases its phosphorylation by SRC and inhibits all actin-modifying activities. Binding to PIP2 inhibits actin-capping and -severing activities but enhances actin-bundling activity. Regulates the inte [...] (827 aa) |
| | Ppm1f | Protein phosphatase 1F; Dephosphorylates and concomitantly deactivates CaM-kinase II activated upon autophosphorylation, and CaM-kinases IV and I activated upon phosphorylation by CaM-kinase kinase. Promotes apoptosis (By similarity). (452 aa) |
| | Notch1 | Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1; Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged-1 (JAG1), Jagged-2 (JAG2) and Delta-1 (DLL1) to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. Affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs. Involved in angiogenesis; negatively regulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration and angiogenic sprouting. Involved in the [...] (2531 aa) |
| | Spred1 | Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing protein 1; Tyrosine kinase substrate that inhibits growth-factor- mediated activation of MAP kinase. Negatively regulates hematopoiesis of bone marrow. (444 aa) |
| | Angpt4 | Angiopoietin-4; Binds to TEK/TIE2, modulating ANGPT1 signaling. Can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of TEK/TIE2. Promotes endothelial cell survival, migration and angiogenesis. (509 aa) |
| | Efna1 | Ephrin-A1, secreted form; Cell surface GPI-bound ligand for Eph receptors, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases which are crucial for migration, repulsion and adhesion during neuronal, vascular and epithelial development. Binds promiscuously Eph receptors residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. Plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor neovascularization. The recruitment of VAV2, VAV3 and PI3-kinase p85 subunit by phosphorylated EPHA2 is critical for EFNA1-induced RAC1 GTPase activation and vascular endothelial c [...] (205 aa) |
| | Egf | Pro-epidermal growth factor; EGF stimulates the growth of various epidermal and epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro and of some fibroblasts in cell culture. Magnesiotropic hormone that stimulates magnesium reabsorption in the renal distal convoluted tubule via engagement of EGFR and activation of the magnesium channel TRPM6 (By similarity). (1217 aa) |
| | Sema4a | Semaphorin-4A; Cell surface receptor for PLXNB1, PLXNB2, PLXNB3 and PLXND1 that plays an important role in cell-cell signaling. Regulates glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse development. Promotes the development of inhibitory synapses in a PLXNB1-dependent manner and promotes the development of excitatory synapses in a PLXNB2-dependent manner. Plays a role in priming antigen-specific T-cells, promotes differentiation of Th1 T-helper cells, and thereby contributes to adaptive immunity. Promotes phosphorylation of TIMD2. Inhibits angiogenesis. Promotes axon growth cone collapse. Inhibits [...] (760 aa) |
| | Epb41l4b | Band 4.1-like protein 4B; Up-regulates the activity of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF18. Involved in the regulation of the circumferential actomyosin belt in epithelial cells. Promotes cellular adhesion, migration and motility in vitro and may play a role in wound healing (By similarity). May have a role in mediating cytoskeletal changes associated with steroid- induced cell differentiation (By similarity). (527 aa) |
| | Glipr2 | Golgi-associated plant pathogenesis-related protein 1; Belongs to the CRISP family. (154 aa) |
| | Sema3a | Semaphorin-3A; Plays a role in growth cones guidance. May function to pattern sensory projections by selectively repelling axons that normally terminate dorsally. Involved in the development of the olfactory system and in neuronal control of puberty (By similarity). Belongs to the semaphorin family. (772 aa) |
| | Nos3 | Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is implicated in vascular smooth muscle relaxation through a cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. NO mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in coronary vessels and promotes blood clotting through the activation of platelets. May play a significant role in normal and abnormal limb development; Belongs to the NOS family. (1202 aa) |
| | Tgfbr3 | Transforming growth factor beta receptor type 3; Binds to TGF-beta. Could be involved in capturing and retaining TGF-beta for presentation to the signaling receptors (By similarity). (850 aa) |
| | P2rx4 | P2X purinoceptor 4; Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated ion channel. This receptor is insensitive to the antagonists PPADS and suramin (By similarity). (388 aa) |
| | Anxa3 | Annexin A3; Inhibitor of phospholipase A2, also possesses anti-coagulant properties; Belongs to the annexin family. (323 aa) |
| | Tacr1 | Substance-P receptor; This is a receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide substance P. It is probably associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinity of this receptor to tachykinins is: substance P > substance K > neuromedin K. (407 aa) |
| | Bmp10 | Bone morphogenetic protein 10; Required for maintaining the proliferative activity of embryonic cardiomyocytes by preventing premature activation of the negative cell cycle regulator CDKN1C/p57KIP and maintaining the required expression levels of cardiogenic factors such as MEF2C and NKX2-5. Acts as a ligand for ACVRL1/ALK1, BMPR1A/ALK3 and BMPR1B/ALK6, leading to activation of SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD8 transcription factors. Inhibits endothelial cell migration and growth. May reduce cell migration and cell matrix adhesion in breast cancer cell lines (By similarity). Belongs to the TGF-be [...] (421 aa) |
| | Wnt7a | Protein Wnt-7a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors that functions in the canonical Wnt/beta- catenin signaling pathway. Plays an important role in embryonic development, including dorsal versus ventral patterning during limb development, skeleton development and urogenital tract development. Required for central nervous system (CNS) angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier regulation. Required for normal, sexually dimorphic development of the Mullerian ducts, and for normal fertility in both sexes. Required for normal neural stem cell proliferation i [...] (349 aa) |
| | Nr2f2 | COUP transcription factor 2; Ligand-activated transcription factor. Activated by high concentrations of 9-cis-retinoic acid and all-trans-retinoic acid, but not by dexamethasone, cortisol or progesterone (in vitro). Regulation of the apolipoprotein A-I gene transcription. Binds to DNA site A (By similarity). (414 aa) |
| | Hdac6 | Histone deacetylase 6; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. In addition to histones, deacetylates other proteins: plays a central role in microtubule-dependent cell motility by mediating deacetylation of tubulin. In addition to its protein deacetylase activity, pla [...] (1149 aa) |
| | Fgf16 | Fibroblast growth factor 16; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation and cell differentiation, and is required for normal cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart development. (207 aa) |
| | Mecp2 | Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2; Chromosomal protein that binds to methylated DNA. It can bind specifically to a single methyl-CpG pair. It is not influenced by sequences flanking the methyl-CpGs. Mediates transcriptional repression through interaction with histone deacetylase and the corepressor SIN3. Binds both 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)- containing DNA, with a preference for 5-methylcytosine (5mC). (501 aa) |
| | Angpt2 | Angiopoietin-2; Binds to TEK/TIE2, competing for the ANGPT1 binding site, and modulating ANGPT1 signaling. Can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of TEK/TIE2 in the absence of ANGPT1. In the absence of angiogenic inducers, such as VEGF, ANGPT2-mediated loosening of cell-matrix contacts may induce endothelial cell apoptosis with consequent vascular regression. In concert with VEGF, it may facilitate endothelial cell migration and proliferation, thus serving as a permissive angiogenic signal (By similarity). (496 aa) |
| | Adgra2 | Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A2; Endothelial receptor which functions together with RECK to enable brain endothelial cells to selectively respond to Wnt7 signals (WNT7A or WNT7B). Plays a key role in Wnt7-specific responses, such as endothelial cell sprouting and migration in the forebrain and neural tube, and establishment of the blood-brain barrier. Acts as a Wnt7-specific coactivator of canonical Wnt signaling: required to deliver RECK-bound Wnt7 to frizzled by assembling a higher- order RECK-ADGRA2-Fzd-LRP5-LRP6 complex (By similarity). ADGRA2- tethering function does not re [...] (1336 aa) |
| | Vegfc | Vascular endothelial growth factor C; Growth factor active in angiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration and also has effects on the permeability of blood vessels. May function in angiogenesis of the venous and lymphatic vascular systems during embryogenesis, and also in the maintenance of differentiated lymphatic endothelium in adults. Binds and activates KDR/VEGFR2 and FLT4/VEGFR3 receptors. (415 aa) |
| | Insl3 | Insulin-like 3 A chain; Seems to play a role in testicular function. May be a trophic hormone with a role in testicular descent in fetal life. Is a ligand for LGR8 receptor (By similarity). (122 aa) |
| | Pik3r2 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta; Regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), a kinase that phosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein- tyrosine kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating t [...] (722 aa) |
| | Ets1 | Protein C-ets-1; Transcription factor. Directly controls the expression of cytokine and chemokine genes in a wide variety of different cellular contexts. May control the differentiation, survival and proliferation of lymphoid cells. May also regulate angiogenesis through regulation of expression of genes controlling endothelial cell migration and invasion (By similarity). (440 aa) |
| | Ctsh | Cathepsin H heavy chain; Important for the overall degradation of proteins in lysosomes; Belongs to the peptidase C1 family. (333 aa) |
| | Map2k5 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5; Acts as a scaffold for the formation of a ternary MAP3K2/MAP3K3-MAP3K5-MAPK7 signaling complex. Activation of this pathway appears to play a critical role in protecting cells from stress-induced apoptosis, neuronal survival and cardiac development and angiogenesis. (448 aa) |
| | Pik3cb | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulation [...] (1064 aa) |
