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| | Gpc4 | Secreted glypican-4; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. May be involved in the development of kidney tubules and of the central nervous system. (557 aa) |
| | Dkk3 | Dickkopf-related protein 3; Antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6. DKKs play an important role in vertebrate development, where they locally inhibit Wnt regulated processes such as antero-posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis and eye formation. In the adult, Dkks are implicated in bone formation and bone disease, cancer and Alzheimer disease (By similarity); Belongs to the dickkopf family. (349 aa) |
| | Cdh1 | Cadherin-1; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7 (By similarity). (Microbial infection) Does not function as a receptor for L.monocytogenes internalin A (InlA); mutating a single surface-exposed residue confers recep [...] (884 aa) |
| | Sox9 | Transcription factor SOX-9; Transcriptional regulator that plays a role in chondrocytes differentiation and skeletal development. Binds to the COL2A1 promoter and activates COL2A1 expression, as part of a complex with ZNF219. (507 aa) |
| | Ddx3x | ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X; Multifunctional ATP-dependent RNA helicase. The ATPase activity can be stimulated by various ribo-and deoxynucleic acids indicative for a relaxed substrate specificity. In vitro can unwind partially double-stranded DNA with a preference for 5'-single-stranded DNA overhangs. Binds RNA G-quadruplex (rG4s) structures, including those located in the 5'-UTR of NRAS mRNA. Involved in many cellular processes, which do not necessarily require its ATPase/helicase catalytic activities. Involved in transcription regulation. Positively regulates CDKN1A/WAF1/CIP1 t [...] (662 aa) |
| | Grk6 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6; Specifically phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein- coupled receptors. Such receptor phosphorylation initiates beta- arrestin-mediated receptor desensitization, internalization, and signaling events leading to their desensitization. Seems to be involved in the desensitization of D2-like dopamine receptors in striatum and chemokine receptor CXCR4 which is critical for CXCL12-induced cell chemotaxis (By similarity). Phosphorylates rhodopsin (RHO) (in vitro) and a non G-protein-coupled receptor, LRP6 during Wnt signaling (in vitro) (By similarity). (589 aa) |
| | Sost | Sclerostin; Negative regulator of bone growth that acts through inhibition of Wnt signaling and bone formation; Belongs to the sclerostin family. (211 aa) |
| | Lrp6 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6; Component of the Wnt-Fzd-LRP5-LRP6 complex that triggers beta-catenin signaling through inducing aggregation of receptor-ligand complexes into ribosome-sized signalsomes. Cell-surface coreceptor of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, which plays a pivotal role in bone formation. The Wnt-induced Fzd/LRP6 coreceptor complex recruits DVL1 polymers to the plasma membrane which, in turn, recruits the AXIN1/GSK3B-complex to the cell surface promoting the formation of signalsomes and inhibiting AXIN1/GSK3-mediated phosphorylation and destruction of [...] (1613 aa) |
| | Jup | Junction plakoglobin; Common junctional plaque protein. The membrane-associated plaques are architectural elements in an important strategic position to influence the arrangement and function of both the cytoskeleton and the cells within the tissue. The presence of plakoglobin in both the desmosomes and in the intermediate junctions suggests that it plays a central role in the structure and function of submembranous plaques. Acts as a substrate for VE-PTP and is required by it to stimulate VE- cadherin function in endothelial cells. Can replace beta-catenin in E- cadherin/catenin adhes [...] (745 aa) |
| | Tle5 | TLE family member 5; Transcriptional corepressor. Acts as dominant repressor towards other family members. Inhibits NF-kappa-B-regulated gene expression. May be required for the initiation and maintenance of the differentiated state. Essential for the transcriptional repressor activity of SIX3 during retina and lens development. (197 aa) |
| | Shh | Sonic hedgehog protein N-product; [Sonic hedgehog protein]: The C-terminal part of the sonic hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis and a cholesterol transferase activity. Both activities result in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (ShhN and ShhC) followed by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated ShhN. Both activities occur in the reticulum endoplasmic. Once cleaved, ShhC is degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum. (437 aa) |
| | Sfrp4 | Secreted frizzled-related sequence protein 4; Soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPS) function as modulators of Wnt signaling through direct interaction with Wnts. They have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in specific cell types. SFRP4 plays a role in bone morphogenesis. May also act as a regulator of adult uterine morphology and function. May also increase apoptosis during ovulation possibly through modulation of FZ1/FZ4/WNT4 signaling (By similarity). Has phosphaturic effects by specifically inhibiting sodium-dependent phosphate uptake (By similarity). (351 aa) |
| | Grk5 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5; Serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates preferentially the activated forms of a variety of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Such receptor phosphorylation initiates beta-arrestin-mediated receptor desensitization, internalization, and signaling events leading to their down-regulation. Phosphorylates a variety of GPCRs, including adrenergic receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (more specifically Gi-coupled M2/M4 subtypes), dopamine receptors and opioid receptors. In addition to GPCRs, also phosphorylates various substrates: Hsc70-inte [...] (590 aa) |
| | Paf1 | RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 homolog; Component of the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) which has multiple functions during transcription by RNA polymerase II and is implicated in regulation of development and maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. PAF1C associates with RNA polymerase II through interaction with POLR2A CTD non-phosphorylated and 'Ser-2'- and 'Ser- 5'-phosphorylated forms and is involved in transcriptional elongation, acting both indepentently and synergistically with TCEA1 and in cooperation with the DSIF complex and HTATSF1. PAF1C is required for transcription [...] (535 aa) |
| | Ndrg2 | Protein NDRG2; Contributes to the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Down-regulates CTNNB1-mediated transcriptional activation of target genes, such as CCND1, and may thereby act as tumor suppressor. May be involved in dendritic cell and neuron differentiation (By similarity). Belongs to the NDRG family. (371 aa) |
| | Wwox | WW domain-containing oxidoreductase; Putative oxidoreductase. Acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a role in apoptosis. May function synergistically with p53/TP53 to control genotoxic stress-induced cell death. Plays a role in TGFB1 signaling and TGFB1-mediated cell death. Inhibits Wnt signaling, probably by sequestering DVL2 in the cytoplasm (By similarity). May also play a role in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cell death. Required for normal bone development. (414 aa) |
| | Pias4 | E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS4; Functions as an E3-type small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase, stabilizing the interaction between UBE2I and the substrate, and as a SUMO-tethering factor. Plays a crucial role as a transcriptional coregulation in various cellular pathways, including the STAT pathway, the p53/TP53 pathway, the Wnt pathway and the steroid hormone signaling pathway. Involved in gene silencing. Mediates sumoylation of CEBPA, PARK7, HERC2, MYB, TCF4 and RNF168. In Wnt signaling, represses LEF1 and enhances TCF4 transcriptional activities through promoting their sumoylati [...] (507 aa) |
| | Cd44 | CD44 antigen; Cell-surface receptor that plays a role in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration, helping them to sense and respond to changes in the tissue microenvironment. Participates thereby in a wide variety of cellular functions including the activation, recirculation and homing of T-lymphocytes, hematopoiesis, inflammation and response to bacterial infection. Engages, through its ectodomain, extracellular matrix components such as hyaluronan/HA, collagen, growth factors, cytokines or proteases and serves as a platform for signal transduction by assembling, via its c [...] (780 aa) |
| | Ccn4 | CCN family member 4; Downstream regulator in the Wnt/Frizzled-signaling pathway (By similarity). Associated with cell survival. Adheres to skin and melanoma fibroblasts (By similarity). In vitro binding to skin fibroblasts occurs through the proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan (By similarity). Suppresses tumor growth in vivo. (367 aa) |
| | Ctr9 | RNA polymerase-associated protein CTR9 homolog; Component of the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) which has multiple functions during transcription by RNA polymerase II and is implicated in regulation of development and maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. PAF1C associates with RNA polymerase II through interaction with POLR2A CTD non-phosphorylated and 'Ser-2'- and 'Ser- 5'-phosphorylated forms and is involved in transcriptional elongation, acting both indepentently and synergistically with TCEA1 and in cooperation with the DSIF complex and HTATSF1. PAF1C is required for transcription [...] (1173 aa) |
| | Bcl9l | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9-like protein; Transcriptional regulator that acts as an activator. Promotes beta-catenin transcriptional activity. Plays a role in tumorigenesis. Enhances the neoplastic transforming activity of CTNNB1. Belongs to the BCL9 family. (1494 aa) |
| | Csnk2a2 | Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoin [...] (350 aa) |
| | Frat1 | Proto-oncogene FRAT1; Positively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway by stabilizing beta-catenin through the association with GSK-3. May play a role in tumor progression and collaborate with PIM1 and MYC in lymphomagenesis. (274 aa) |
| | Cyld | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase CYLD; Deubiquitinase that specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'- and linear 'Met-1'-linked polyubiquitin chains and is involved in NF-kappa-B activation and TNF-alpha-induced necroptosis. Plays an important role in the regulation of pathways leading to NF-kappa-B activation. Contributes to the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and differentiation via its effects on NF-kappa-B activation. Negative regulator of Wnt signaling. Inhibits HDAC6 and thereby promotes acetylation of alpha-tubulin and stabilization of microtubules. Plays a role in the regul [...] (955 aa) |
| | Fgf2 | Fibroblast growth factor 2; Acts as a ligand for FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Also acts as an integrin ligand which is required for FGF2 signaling. Binds to integrin ITGAV:ITGB3. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as a potent mitogen in vitro. Can induce angiogenesis. Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (154 aa) |
| | Chd8 | Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 8; DNA helicase that acts as a chromatin remodeling factor and regulates transcription. Acts as a transcription repressor by remodeling chromatin structure and recruiting histone H1 to target genes. Suppresses p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis by recruiting histone H1 and preventing p53/TP53 transactivation activity. Acts as a negative regulator of Wnt signaling pathway by regulating beta-catenin (CTNNB1) activity. Negatively regulates CTNNB1-targeted gene expression by being recruited specifically to the promoter regions of several CTNNB1 responsive [...] (2582 aa) |
| | Tmem131l | Transmembrane protein 131-like; In its membrane-associated form, antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by triggering lysosome-dependent degradation of Wnt-activated LRP6. Regulates thymocyte proliferation. (1597 aa) |
| | Rspo3 | R-spondin-3; Activator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by acting as a ligand for LGR4-6 receptors, which acts as a key regulator of angiogenesis. Upon binding to LGR4-6 (LGR4, LGR5 or LGR6), LGR4-6 associate with phosphorylated LRP6 and frizzled receptors that are activated by extracellular Wnt receptors, triggering the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to increase expression of target genes. Also regulates the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin-dependent pathway and non-canonical Wnt signaling by acting as an inhibitor of ZNRF3, an important regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Acts a [...] (277 aa) |
| | Dlx3 | Homeobox protein DLX-3; Likely to play a regulatory role in the development of the ventral forebrain. May play a role in craniofacial patterning and morphogenesis; Belongs to the distal-less homeobox family. (287 aa) |
| | Fzd2 | Frizzled-2; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes (By similarity). A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pa [...] (570 aa) |
| | Ccnd1 | G1/S-specific cyclin-D1; Regulatory component of the cyclin D1-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G(1) phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. A [...] (295 aa) |
| | Mesd | LRP chaperone MESD; Chaperone specifically assisting the folding of beta- propeller/EGF modules within the family of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs). Acts as a modulator of the Wnt pathway through chaperoning the coreceptors of the canonical Wnt pathway, LRP5 and LRP6, to the plasma membrane. Essential for specification of embryonic polarity and mesoderm induction. Plays an essential role in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation by promoting cell- surface expression of LRP4. May regulate phagocytosis of apoptotic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Belongs to the MESD family. (224 aa) |
| | Peg12 | Paternally-expressed 12. (283 aa) |
| | Trabd2b | Metalloprotease TIKI2; Metalloprotease that acts as a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating the cleavage of the 8 N-terminal residues of a subset of Wnt proteins. Following cleavage, Wnt proteins become oxidized and form large disulfide-bond oligomers, leading to their inactivation. Able to cleave WNT3A, WNT5, but not WNT11. Required for head formation (By similarity). (517 aa) |
| | Rapgef1 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1. (1224 aa) |
| | Spin1 | Spindlin-1; Chromatin reader that specifically recognizes and binds histone H3 both trimethylated at 'Lys-4' and asymmetrically dimethylated at 'Arg-8' (H3K4me3 and H3R8me2a) and acts as an activator of Wnt signaling pathway downstream of PRMT2. In case of cancer, promotes cell cancer proliferation via activation of the Wnt signaling pathway (By similarity). Overexpression induces metaphase arrest and chromosomal instability. Localizes to active rDNA loci and promotes the expression of rRNA genes. May play a role in cell-cycle regulation during the transition from gamete to embryo. Inv [...] (262 aa) |
| | Macf1 | Microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1; [Isoform 2]: F-actin-binding protein which plays a role in cross-linking actin to other cytoskeletal proteins and also binds to microtubules. Plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex (By similarity). Acts as a positive regulator of Wnt receptor signaling pathway and is involved in the translocation of AXIN1 and its associated complex (composed of APC, CTNNB1 and GSK3B) from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. Has actin- regulated ATPase activity and is essential for controlling focal adhesions [...] (7355 aa) |
| | Fam53b | Protein FAM53B; Acts as a regulator of Wnt signaling pathway by regulating beta-catenin (CTNNB1) nuclear localization. Belongs to the FAM53 family. (422 aa) |
| | Sox2 | Transcription factor SOX-2; Transcription factor that forms a trimeric complex with POU5F1 (OCT3/4) on DNA and controls the expression of a number of genes involved in embryonic development such as YES1, FGF4, UTF1 and ZFP206. Binds to the proximal enhancer region of NANOG. Critical for early embryogenesis and for embryonic stem cell pluripotency (By similarity). Downstream SRRT target that mediates the promotion of neural stem cell self-renewal. Keeps neural cells undifferentiated by counteracting the activity of proneural proteins and suppresses neuronal differentiation (By similarit [...] (319 aa) |
| | Csnk2a1 | Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoin [...] (391 aa) |
| | Arl6 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6; Involved in membrane protein trafficking at the base of the ciliary organelle (By similarity). Mediates recruitment onto plasma membrane of the BBSome complex which would constitute a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia (By similarity). Together with BBS1, is necessary for correct trafficking of PKD1 to primary cilia. Together with the BBSome complex and LTZL1, controls SMO ciliary trafficking and contributes to the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway regulation (By similarity). May regulate cilia assembl [...] (193 aa) |
| | Rac1 | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity [...] (211 aa) |
| | Gata3 | Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3; Transcriptional activator which binds to the enhancer of the T-cell receptor alpha and delta genes. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-AGATAG-3'. Required for the T-helper 2 (Th2) differentiation process following immune and inflammatory responses. (443 aa) |
| | Foxd1 | Forkhead box protein D1; Transcription factor involved in regulation of gene expression in a variety of processes including formation of positional identity in the developing retina, regionalization of the optic chiasm, morphogenesis of the kidney, and neuralization of ectodermal cells. Involved in transcriptional activation of PGF and C3 genes (By similarity). (456 aa) |
| | Foxo3 | Forkhead box protein O3; Transcriptional activator that recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]TAAA[TC]A-3' and regulates different processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Acts as a positive regulator of autophagy in skeletal muscle: in starved cells, enters the nucleus following dephosphorylation and binds the promoters of autophagy genes, such as GABARAP1L, MAP1LC3B and ATG12, thereby activating their expression, resulting in proteolysis of skeletal muscle proteins. Triggers apoptosis in the absence of survival factors, including neuronal cell death upon oxidative stress [...] (672 aa) |
| | Grhl3 | Grainyhead-like protein 3 homolog; Transcription factor playing important roles in primary neurulation and in the differentiation of stratified epithelia of both ectodermal and endodermal origin. Binds directly to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-AACCGGTT-3' acting as an activator and repressor on distinct target genes. Essential for epidermal differentiation and barrier formation at the end of embryogenesis with TGM3 as critical direct target. Exhibits functional redundancy with GRHL2 in epidermal morphogenetic events such as eyelid fusion and epidermal wound repair. Despite being dispen [...] (603 aa) |
| | Zranb1 | Ubiquitin thioesterase Zranb1; Specifically hydrolyzes 'Lys-29'-linked and 'Lys-33'-linked diubiquitin. Also cleaves 'Lys-63'-linked chains, but with 40-fold less efficiency compared to 'Lys-29'-linked ones. Positive regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway that deubiquitinates APC protein, a negative regulator of Wnt-mediated transcription. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required in the stress fiber dynamics and cell migration. May also modulate TNF-alpha signaling (By similarity); Belongs to the peptidase C64 family. (708 aa) |
| | Notum | Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM; Carboxylesterase that acts as a key negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by specifically mediating depalmitoleoylation of WNT proteins. Serine palmitoleoylation of WNT proteins is required for efficient binding to frizzled receptors. (503 aa) |
| | Klf4 | Krueppel-like factor 4; Transcription factor; can act both as activator and as repressor. Binds the 5'-CACCC-3' core sequence. Binds to the promoter region of its own gene and can activate its own transcription. Regulates the expression of key transcription factors during embryonic development. Plays an important role in maintaining embryonic stem cells, and in preventing their differentiation. Required for establishing the barrier function of the skin and for postnatal maturation and maintenance of the ocular surface. Involved in the differentiation of epithelial cells and may also fu [...] (483 aa) |
| | Ift80 | Intraflagellar transport protein 80 homolog; Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B, which is essential for the development and maintenance of motile and sensory cilia. (777 aa) |
| | Ccne1 | G1/S-specific cyclin-E1; Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) transition. (408 aa) |
| | Etv2 | ETS translocation variant 2; Binds to DNA sequences containing the consensus pentanucleotide 5'-CGGA[AT]-3'. (335 aa) |
| | Dact3 | Dapper homolog 3; May be involved in regulation of intracellular signaling pathways during development. Specifically thought to play a role in canonical and/or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways through interaction with DSH (Dishevelled) family proteins (By similarity). Belongs to the dapper family. (610 aa) |
| | Ctdnep1 | CTD nuclear envelope phosphatase 1; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase forming with CNEP1R1 an active phosphatase complex that dephosphorylates and may activate LPIN1 and LPIN2. LPIN1 and LPIN2 are phosphatidate phosphatases that catalyze the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol and control the metabolism of fatty acids at different levels. May indirectly modulate the lipid composition of nuclear and/or endoplasmic reticulum membranes and be required for proper nuclear membrane morphology and/or dynamics. May also indirectly regulate the production of lipid droplets and [...] (244 aa) |
| | Wnt9a | Protein Wnt-9a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway (By similarity). Required for normal timing of IHH expression during embryonic bone development, normal chondrocyte maturation and for normal bone mineralization during embryonic bone development. Plays a redundant role in maintaining joint integrity. (365 aa) |
| | Znrf3 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ZNRF3; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Wnt receptor complex components Frizzled and LRP6. Acts on both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Acts as a tumor suppressor in the intestinal stem cell zone by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby resticting the size of the intestinal stem cell zone. Along with RSPO2 and RNF43, constitutes a master switch that governs limb specification (By similarity). (913 aa) |
| | Vangl2 | Vang-like protein 2; Involved in the control of early morphogenesis and patterning of both axial midline structures and the development of neural plate. Plays a role in the regulation of planar cell polarity, particularly in the orientation of stereociliary bundles in the cochlea. Required for polarization and movement of myocardializing cells in the outflow tract and seems to act via RHOA signaling to regulate this process. Required for cell surface localization of FZD3 and FZD6 in the inner ear. (521 aa) |
| | Tcf7l2 | Transcription factor 7-like 2; Participates in the Wnt signaling pathway and modulates MYC expression by binding to its promoter in a sequence-specific manner. Acts as repressor in the absence of CTNNB1, and as activator in its presence. Activates transcription from promoters with several copies of the Tcf motif CCTTTGATC in the presence of CTNNB1. TLE1, TLE2, TLE3 and TLE4 repress transactivation mediated by TCF7L2/TCF4 and CTNNB1. Expression of dominant-negative mutants results in cell-cycle arrest in G1 (By similarity). Necessary for the maintenance of the epithelial stem-cell compa [...] (598 aa) |
| | Eda | Ectodysplasin-A, membrane form; Cytokine which is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal signaling during morphogenesis of ectodermal organs. Functions as a ligand activating the DEATH-domain containing receptors EDAR and EDA2R. Isoform TAA binds only to the receptor EDAR, while isoform TA-A2 binds exclusively to the receptor EDA2R (By similarity). May also play a role in cell adhesion. Isoform TA-A2 binds exclusively to the receptor EDA2R. Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. (391 aa) |
| | Amer1 | APC membrane recruitment protein 1; Regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Acts by specifically binding phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), translocating to the cell membrane and interacting with key regulators of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, such as components of the beta-catenin destruction complex. Acts both as a positive and negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, depending on the context: acts as a positive regulator by promoting LRP6 phosphorylation. Also acts as a negative regulator by acting as a scaffold protein for the beta-caten [...] (1132 aa) |
| | Tcf7l1 | Transcription factor 7-like 1; Participates in the Wnt signaling pathway. Binds to DNA and acts as a repressor in the absence of CTNNB1, and as an activator in its presence. Necessary for the terminal differentiation of epidermal cells, the formation of keratohyalin granules and the development of the barrier function of the epidermis. (599 aa) |
| | Fzd7 | Frizzled-7; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to invo [...] (572 aa) |
| | Gsk3b | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta; Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glyc [...] (433 aa) |
| | Disc1 | Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 homolog; Involved in the regulation of multiple aspects of embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Required for neural progenitor proliferation in the ventrical/subventrical zone during embryonic brain development and in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Participates in the Wnt- mediated neural progenitor proliferation as a positive regulator by modulating GSK3B activity and CTNNB1 abundance. Plays a role as a modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling the tempo of the process of newborn neurons integration during adult neurogenesis, includ [...] (852 aa) |
| | Fgfr2 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, and in the regulation of embryonic development. Required for normal embryonic patterning, trophoblast function, limb bud development, lung morphogenesis, osteogenesis and skin development. Plays an essential role in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and is required for normal skeleton development. Promotes cell p [...] (840 aa) |
| | Csnk1e | Casein kinase I isoform epsilon; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. Can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling. Phosphorylates DVL1. Central component of the circadian clock. In balance with PP1, determines the circadian period length, through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. Controls PER1 and PER2 nuclear transport and degradation. Inhibits cytokine-induced granuloytic differentiation. (416 aa) |
| | Wdr61 | WD repeat-containing protein 61, N-terminally processed; Component of the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) which has multiple functions during transcription by RNA polymerase II and is implicated in regulation of development and maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. PAF1C associates with RNA polymerase II through interaction with POLR2A CTD non-phosphorylated and 'Ser-2'- and 'Ser- 5'-phosphorylated forms and is involved in transcriptional elongation, acting both indepentently and synergistically with TCEA1 and in cooperation with the DSIF complex and HTATSF1. PAF1C is required for tran [...] (305 aa) |
| | Fzd10 | Frizzled-10; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. The canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both [...] (582 aa) |
| | Enpp1 | Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1, secreted form; Nucleotide pyrophosphatase that generates diphosphate (PPi) and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification by regulating pyrophosphate levels. PPi inhibits bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification by binding to nascent hydroxyapatite crystals, thereby preventing further growth of these crystals. Preferentially hydrolyzes ATP, but can also hydrolyze other nucleoside 5' triphosphates such as GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release of pyrophosphate [...] (906 aa) |
| | Fzd3 | Frizzled-3; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to i [...] (666 aa) |
| | Dact1 | Dapper homolog 1; Involved in regulation of intracellular signaling pathways during development. Specifically thought to play a role in canonical and/or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways through interaction with DSH (Dishevelled) family proteins. The activation/inhibition of Wnt signaling may depend on the phosphorylation status. Proposed to regulate the degradation of CTNNB1/beta-catenin, thereby modulating the transcriptional activation of target genes of the Wnt signaling pathway. Its function in stabilizing CTNNB1 may involve inhibition of GSK3B activity. Promotes the membrane l [...] (815 aa) |
| | Ldb1 | LIM domain-binding protein 1; Binds to the LIM domain of a wide variety of LIM domain- containing transcription factors. May regulate the transcriptional activity of LIM-containing proteins by determining specific partner interactions. Plays a role in the development of interneurons and motor neurons in cooperation with LHX3 and ISL1. Acts synergistically with LHX1/LIM1 in axis formation and activation of gene expression. Acts with LMO2 in the regulation of red blood cell development, maintaining erythroid precursors in an immature state. (411 aa) |
| | Nlk | Serine/threonine-protein kinase NLK; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that regulates a number of transcription factors with key roles in cell fate determination. Positive effector of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, acting downstream of WNT5A, MAP3K7/TAK1 and HIPK2. Activation of this pathway causes binding to and phosphorylation of the histone methyltransferase SETDB1. The NLK-SETDB1 complex subsequently interacts with PPARG, leading to methylation of PPARG target promoters at histone H3K9 and transcriptional silencing. The resulting loss of PPARG target gene transcription inhi [...] (527 aa) |
| | Strn | Striatin; Binds calmodulin in a calcium dependent manner. May function as scaffolding or signaling protein; Belongs to the WD repeat striatin family. (780 aa) |
| | Tle2 | Transducin-like enhancer protein 2; Transcriptional corepressor that binds to a number of transcription factors. Inhibits the transcriptional activation mediated by CTNNB1 and TCF family members in Wnt signaling. The effects of full- length TLE family members may be modulated by association with dominant-negative AES (By similarity). (767 aa) |
| | Tle3 | Transducin-like enhancer protein 3; Transcriptional corepressor that binds to a number of transcription factors. Inhibits the transcriptional activation mediated by CTNNB1 and TCF family members in Wnt signaling. The effects of full- length TLE family members may be modulated by association with dominant-negative AES (By similarity). May play an important role during spermatogenesis. (782 aa) |
| | Tnik | Traf2 and NCK-interacting protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase that acts as an essential activator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Recruited to promoters of Wnt target genes and required to activate their expression. May act by phosphorylating TCF4/TCF7L2. Appears to act upstream of the JUN N- terminal pathway. May play a role in the response to environmental stress. Part of a signaling complex composed of NEDD4, RAP2A and TNIK which regulates neuronal dendrite extension and arborization during development. More generally, it may play a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements and regulate [...] (1360 aa) |
| | Csnk1a1 | Casein kinase I isoform alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. Can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling. Phosphorylates CTNNB1 at 'Ser-45'. May phosphorylate PER1 and PER2. May play a role in segregating chromosomes during mitosis. May play a role in keratin cytoskeleton disassembly and thereby, it may regulate epithelial cell migration (By similarity). (325 aa) |
| | Rnf43 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF43; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating the ubiquitination, endocytosis and subsequent degradation of Wnt receptor complex components Frizzled. Acts on both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Along with RSPO2 and ZNRF3, constitutes a master switch that governs limb specification (By similarity). (784 aa) |
| | Cul3 | Cullin-3; Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB-CUL3- RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). BCR complexes and ARIH1 collaborate in tandem to mediate ubiquitination of target proteins (By similarity). As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (By similarity). The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhi [...] (768 aa) |
| | Dvl3 | Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3; Involved in the signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple Wnt genes; Belongs to the DSH family. (718 aa) |
| | Hbp1 | HMG box-containing protein 1; Transcriptional repressor that binds to the promoter region of target genes. Plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle and of the Wnt pathway. Binds preferentially to the sequence 5'- TTCATTCATTCA-3'. Binding to the histone H1.0 promoter is enhanced by interaction with RB1. Disrupts the interaction between DNA and TCF4 (By similarity). (526 aa) |
| | Mark2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase. Involved in cell polarity and microtubule dynamics regulation. Phosphorylates CRTC2/TORC2, DCX, HDAC7, KIF13B, MAP2, MAP4 and RAB11FIP2. Phosphorylates the microtubule-associated protein MAPT/TAU. Plays a key role in cell polarity by phosphorylating the microtubule-associated proteins MAP2, MAP4 and MAPT/TAU at KXGS motifs, causing detachment from microtubules, and their disassembly. Regulates epithelial cell polarity by phosphorylating RAB11FIP2. Involved in the regulation of neuronal migration through its dual ac [...] (776 aa) |
| | Tgfb1i1 | Transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 protein; Functions as a molecular adapter coordinating multiple protein-protein interactions at the focal adhesion complex and in the nucleus. Links various intracellular signaling modules to plasma membrane receptors and regulates the Wnt and TGFB signaling pathways. May also regulate SLC6A3 and SLC6A4 targeting to the plasma membrane hence regulating their activity. In the nucleus, functions as a nuclear receptor coactivator regulating glucocorticoid, androgen, mineralocorticoid and progesterone receptor transcriptional activity. [...] (461 aa) |
| | Gm28635 | Predicted gene 28635. (938 aa) |
| | Dvl2 | Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2; Plays a role in the signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple Wnt genes. Participates both in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling by binding to the cytoplasmic C-terminus of frizzled family members and transducing the Wnt signal to down-stream effectors. Promotes internalization and degradation of frizzled proteins upon Wnt signaling. (736 aa) |
| | Cxxc4 | CXXC-type zinc finger protein 4; Acts as a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway via its interaction with DVL1. Binds preferentially to DNA containing cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides over CpH (H=A, T, and C), hemimethylated-CpG and hemimethylated- hydroxymethyl-CpG (By similarity). (366 aa) |
| | Usp34 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 34; Ubiquitin hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from AXIN1 and AXIN2, thereby acting as a regulator of Wnt signaling pathway. Acts as an activator of the Wnt signaling pathway downstream of the beta-catenin destruction complex by deubiquitinating and stabilizing AXIN1 and AXIN2, leading to promote nuclear accumulation of AXIN1 and AXIN2 and positively regulate beta-catenin (CTNBB1)-mediated transcription. Recognizes and hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C- terminal Gly of ubiquitin. Involved in the processing of poly-ubiquitin precurs [...] (3582 aa) |
| | Wnt5b | Protein Wnt-5b; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Probable developmental protein. May be a signaling molecule which affects the development of discrete regions of tissues. Is likely to signal over only few cell diameters; Belongs to the Wnt family. (359 aa) |
| | Fzd6 | Frizzled-6; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to i [...] (709 aa) |
| | Ryk | Tyrosine-protein kinase RYK; May be a coreceptor along with FZD8 of Wnt proteins, such as WNT1, WNT3, WNT3A and WNT5A. Involved in neuron differentiation, axon guidance, corpus callosum establishment and neurite outgrowth. In response to WNT3 stimulation, receptor C-terminal cleavage occurs in its transmembrane region and allows the C-terminal intracellular product to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it plays a crucial role in neuronal development. (594 aa) |
| | Csnk2b | Casein kinase II subunit beta; Plays a complex role in regulating the basal catalytic activity of the alpha subunit (By similarity). Participates in Wnt signaling; Belongs to the casein kinase 2 subunit beta family. (257 aa) |
| | Scyl2 | SCY1-like protein 2; Component of AP2-containing clathrin coated structures at the plasma membrane or of endocytic coated vesicles. May be a serine/threonine-protein kinase. May regulate clathrin-dependent trafficking between the TGN and/or the endosomal system (By similarity). (930 aa) |
| | Hhex | Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein Hhex; Recognizes the DNA sequence 5'-ATTAA-3' (By similarity). Transcriptional repressor. May play a role in hematopoietic differentiation. Establishes anterior identity at two levels; acts early to enhance canonical WNT-signaling by repressing expression of TLE4, and acts later to inhibit NODAL-signaling by directly targeting NODAL. (271 aa) |
| | Lrp5 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; Acts as a coreceptor with members of the frizzled family of seven-transmembrane spanning receptors to transduce signal by Wnt proteins. Activates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that controls cell fate determination and self-renewal during embryonic development and adult tissue regeneration. In particular, may play an important role in the development of the posterior patterning of the epiblast during gastrulation. During bone development, regulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation thus determining bone mass. Mechanist [...] (1614 aa) |
| | Dkk1 | Dickkopf-related protein 1; Antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6. Inhibits the pro-apoptotic function of KREMEN1 in a Wnt-independent manner, and has anti-apoptotic activity. Plays a role in limb development; attenuates Wnt signaling in the developing limb to allow normal limb patterning ; Belongs to the dickkopf family. (272 aa) |
| | Tnks2 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase tankyrase-2; Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase involved in various processes such as Wnt signaling pathway, telomere length and vesicle trafficking. Acts as an activator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating poly- ADP-ribosylation of AXIN1 and AXIN2, 2 key components of the beta- catenin destruction complex: poly-ADP-ribosylated target proteins are recognized by RNF146, which mediates their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Also mediates poly-ADP-ribosylation of BLZF1 and CASC3, followed by recruitment of RNF146 and subsequent ubiquitination. Mediate [...] (1166 aa) |
| | Ddb1 | DNA damage-binding protein 1; Required for DNA repair. Binds to DDB2 to form the UV-damaged DNA-binding protein complex (the UV-DDB complex). The UV-DDB complex may recognize UV-induced DNA damage and recruit proteins of the nucleotide excision repair pathway (the NER pathway) to initiate DNA repair. The UV-DDB complex preferentially binds to cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), 6- 4 photoproducts (6-4 PP), apurinic sites and short mismatches (By similarity). Also appears to function as a component of numerous distinct DCX (DDB1-CUL4-X-box) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which m [...] (1140 aa) |
| | Sdhaf2 | Succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 2, mitochondrial; Plays an essential role in the assembly of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme complex (also referred to as respiratory complex II) that is a component of both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and which couples the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) to ubiquinol. Required for flavinylation (covalent attachment of FAD) of the flavoprotein subunit SDHA of the SDH catalytic dimer; Belongs to the SDHAF2 family. (164 aa) |
| | Celsr3 | Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3; Receptor that may have an important role in cell/cell signaling during nervous system formation; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. LN-TM7 subfamily. (3301 aa) |
| | Calcoco1 | Calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1; Functions as a coactivator for aryl hydrocarbon and nuclear receptors (NR). Recruited to promoters through its contact with the N- terminal basic helix-loop-helix-Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain of transcription factors or coactivators, such as NCOA2. During ER- activation acts synergistically in combination with other NCOA2-binding proteins, such as EP300, CREBBP and CARM1. Involved in the transcriptional activation of target genes in the Wnt/CTNNB1 pathway. Functions as a secondary coactivator in LEF1-mediated transcriptional act [...] (691 aa) |
| | Krt6a | Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6A; Epidermis-specific type I keratin involved in wound healing. Involved in the activation of follicular keratinocytes after wounding, while it does not play a major role in keratinocyte proliferation or migration. Participates in the regulation of epithelial migration by inhibiting the activity of SRC during wound repair. Belongs to the intermediate filament family. (553 aa) |
| | Cela1 | Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 1; Acts upon elastin; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Elastase subfamily. (266 aa) |
| | Lmbr1l | Protein LMBR1L; Plays an essential role in lymphocyte development by negatively regulating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In association with UBAC2 and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase AMFR, promotes the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of CTNNB1 and Wnt receptors FZD6 and LRP6. LMBR1L stabilizes the beta-catenin destruction complex that is required for regulating CTNNB1 levels. Acts as a LCN1 receptor and can mediate its endocytosis (By similarity); Belongs to the LIMR family. (489 aa) |
| | Wnt1 | Proto-oncogene Wnt-1; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Acts in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by promoting beta-catenin-dependent transcriptional activation (By similarity). In some developmental processes, is also a ligand for the coreceptor RYK, thus triggering Wnt signaling. Plays an essential role in the development of the embryonic brain and central nervous system (CNS). Has a role in osteoblast function, bone development and bone homeostasis (By similarity). (370 aa) |
| | Wnt10b | Protein Wnt-10b; Member of the Wnt ligand gene family that encodes for secreted proteins, which activate the Wnt signaling cascade. Specifically activates canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and thus triggers beta-catenin/LEF/TCF-mediated transcriptional programs. Involved in signaling networks controlling stemness, pluripotency and cell fate decisions. Acts in the immune system, mammary gland, adipose tissue, bone and skin; Belongs to the Wnt family. (389 aa) |
| | Senp2 | Sentrin-specific protease 2; Protease that catalyzes two essential functions in the SUMO pathway. The first is the hydrolysis of an alpha-linked peptide bond at the C-terminal end of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) propeptides, SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 leading to the mature form of the proteins. The second is the deconjugation of SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 from targeted proteins, by cleaving an epsilon-linked peptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of the mature SUMO and the lysine epsilon-amino group of the target protein. May down-regulate CTNNB1 levels and thereby modulate th [...] (588 aa) |
| | Cby1 | Protein chibby homolog 1; Inhibits the Wnt/Wingless pathway by binding to CTNNB1/beta- catenin and inhibiting beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation through competition with TCF/LEF transcription factors. Has also been shown to play a role in regulating the intracellular trafficking of polycystin-2/PKD2 and possibly of other intracellular proteins. Promotes adipocyte and cardiomyocyte differentiation. Belongs to the chibby family. (127 aa) |
| | Myc | Myc proto-oncogene protein; Transcription factor that binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3'. Activates the transcription of growth-related genes. Binds to the VEGFA promoter, promoting VEGFA production and subsequent sprouting angiogenesis. Regulator of somatic reprogramming, controls self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Functions with TAF6L to activate target gene expression through RNA polymerase II pause release. (454 aa) |
| | Ednrb | Endothelin receptor type B; Non-specific receptor for endothelin 1, 2, and 3. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Essential component in the normal development of two neuronal crest-derived cell lineages; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Endothelin receptor subfamily. EDNRB sub-subfamily. (442 aa) |
| | Fgf9 | Fibroblast growth factor 9; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. May have a role in glial cell growth and differentiation during development, gliosis during repair and regeneration of brain tissue after damage, differentiation and survival of neuronal cells, and growth stimulation of glial tumors. (208 aa) |
| | Lats2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS2; Negative regulator of YAP1 in the Hippo signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ. Phosphorylation of YAP1 by LATS2 inhibits its translocation into the nucleus [...] (1042 aa) |
| | Fgf10 | Fibroblast growth factor 10; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Required for normal branching morphogenesis. May play a role in wound healing; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (209 aa) |
| | Nkd2 | Protein naked cuticle homolog 2; Cell autonomous antagonist of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. May activate a second Wnt signaling pathway that controls planar cell polarity. Required for processing of TGFA and for targeting of TGFA to the basolateral membrane of polarized epithelial cells (By similarity); Belongs to the NKD family. (461 aa) |
| | Ror2 | Tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR2; Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor which may be involved in the early formation of the chondrocytes. It seems to be required for cartilage and growth plate development. Phosphorylates YWHAB, leading to induction of osteogenesis and bone formation. In contrast, has also been shown to have very little tyrosine kinase activity in vitro. May act as a receptor for wnt ligand WNT5A which may result in the inhibition of WNT3A-mediated signaling (By similarity). (944 aa) |
| | Barx1 | Homeobox protein BarH-like 1; Transcription factor, which is involved in craniofacial development, in odontogenesis and in stomach organogenesis. May have a role in the differentiation of molars from incisors. Plays a role in suppressing endodermal Wnt activity. Binds to a regulatory module of the NCAM promoter; Belongs to the BAR homeobox family. (254 aa) |
| | Edn1 | Big endothelin-1; Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides (By similarity). Probable ligand for G-protein coupled receptors EDNRA and EDNRB which activates PTK2B, BCAR1, BCAR3 and, GTPases RAP1 and RHOA cascade in glomerular mesangial cells (By similarity). Belongs to the endothelin/sarafotoxin family. (202 aa) |
| | Gsc | Homeobox protein goosecoid; Regulates chordin (CHRD). May play a role in spatial programing within discrete embryonic fields or lineage compartments during organogenesis (By similarity). In concert with NKX3-2, plays a role in defining the structural components of the middle ear; required for the development of the entire tympanic ring. Goosecoid-expressing regions of the gastrulating mouse egg cylinder have organizer-like activity when transplanted into Xenopus embryos. Probably involved in the regulatory networks that define neural crest cell fate specification and determine mesoderm [...] (256 aa) |
| | Nxn | Nucleoredoxin; Functions as a redox-dependent negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, possibly by preventing ubiquitination of DVL3 by the BCR(KLHL12) complex. May also function as a transcriptional regulator act as a regulator of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Belongs to the nucleoredoxin family. (435 aa) |
| | Slc9a3r1 | Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF1; Scaffold protein that connects plasma membrane proteins with members of the ezrin/moesin/radixin family and thereby helps to link them to the actin cytoskeleton and to regulate their surface expression. Necessary for recycling of internalized ADRB2. Was first known to play a role in the regulation of the activity and subcellular location of SLC9A3. Necessary for cAMP-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition of SLC9A3. May enhance Wnt signaling (By similarity). May participate in HTR4 targeting to microvilli. Involved in the regulation of [...] (355 aa) |
| | Sdc1 | Syndecan-1; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate and that links the cytoskeleton to the interstitial matrix. Regulates exosome biogenesis in concert with SDCBP and PDCD6IP. (311 aa) |
| | Kremen1 | Kremen protein 1; Receptor for Dickkopf proteins. Cooperates with DKK1/2 to inhibit Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by promoting the endocytosis of Wnt receptors LRP5 and LRP6. In the absence of DKK1, potentiates Wnt-beta-catenin signaling by maintaining LRP5 or LRP6 at the cell membrane (By similarity). Can trigger apoptosis in a Wnt- independent manner and this apoptotic activity is inhibited upon binding of the ligand DKK1. Plays a role in limb development; attenuates Wnt signaling in the developing limb to allow normal limb patterning and can also negatively regulate bone formation. Mod [...] (473 aa) |
| | Wif1 | Wnt inhibitory factor 1; Binds to WNT proteins and inhibits their activities. May be involved in mesoderm segmentation. (379 aa) |
| | Apc2 | Adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2; Stabilizes microtubules and may regulate actin fiber dynamics through the activation of Rho family GTPases. May also function in Wnt signaling by promoting the rapid degradation of CTNNB1. Belongs to the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) family. (2274 aa) |
| | Sfrp5 | Secreted frizzled-related protein 5; Soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPS) function as modulators of Wnt signaling through direct interaction with Wnts. They have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in specific cell types. SFRP5 may be involved in determining the polarity of photoreceptor, and perhaps, other cells in the retina. (314 aa) |
| | Wnt9b | Protein Wnt-9b; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Required for normal embryonic kidney development, and for normal development of the urogenital tract, including uterus and part of the oviduct and the upper vagina in females, and epididymis and vas deferens in males. Activates a signaling cascade in the metanephric mesenchyme that induces tubulogenesis. Acts upstream of WNT4 in the signaling pathways that mediate development of kidney tubules and the Muellerian ducts. Pla [...] (359 aa) |
| | Stk3 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 20kDa subunit; Stress-activated, pro-apoptotic kinase which, following caspase-cleavage, enters the nucleus and induces chromatin condensation followed by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Key component of the Hippo signaling pathway which plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regul [...] (497 aa) |
| | Stk4 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 18kDa subunit; Stress-activated, pro-apoptotic kinase which, following caspase-cleavage, enters the nucleus and induces chromatin condensation followed by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Key component of the Hippo signaling pathway which plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regul [...] (487 aa) |
| | Cdc73 | Parafibromin; Tumor suppressor probably involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional control pathways. May be involved in cell cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin D1/PRAD1 expression. Component of the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) which has multiple functions during transcription by RNA polymerase II and is implicated in regulation of development and maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. PAF1C associates with RNA polymerase II through interaction with POLR2A CTD non-phosphorylated and 'Ser-2'- and 'Ser- 5'-phosphorylated forms and is involved in transcriptional [...] (531 aa) |
| | Csnk1d | Casein kinase I isoform delta; Essential serine/threonine-protein kinase that regulates diverse cellular growth and survival processes including Wnt signaling, DNA repair and circadian rhythms. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. Phosphorylates connexin-43/GJA1, MAP1A, SNAPIN, MAPT/TAU, TOP2A, DCK, HIF1A, EIF6, p53/TP53, DVL2, DVL3, ESR1, AIB1/NCOA3, DNMT1, PKD2, YAP1, PER1 and PER2. Central component of the circadian clock. In balance with PP1, dete [...] (415 aa) |
| | Rac3 | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses, such as cell spreading and the formation of actin-based protusions including lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. Promotes cell adhesion and spreading on fibrinogen in a CIB1 and alpha-IIb/beta3 integrin-mediated manner. (192 aa) |
| | Rab5a | Ras-related protein Rab-5A; Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Active GTP-bound form is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. RAB5A is required for the fusion of plasma membranes and early endosomes. Contributes to the regulati [...] (215 aa) |
| | Celsr1 | Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 1; Receptor that may have an important role in cell/cell signaling during nervous system formation; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. LN-TM7 subfamily. (3034 aa) |
| | Pten | Phosphatase and tensin homolog; In motile cells, suppresses the formation of lateral pseudopods and thereby promotes cell polarization and directed movement (By similarity). Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine- phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4- diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5- tetrakisphosphate with order of subst [...] (403 aa) |
| | Amotl1 | Angiomotin-like protein 1; Inhibits the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, probably by recruiting CTNNB1 to recycling endosomes and hence preventing its translocation to the nucleus. (968 aa) |
| | Wnt8a | Protein Wnt-8a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Plays a role in embryonic patterning. (354 aa) |
| | Wnt2 | Protein Wnt-2; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Functions as upstream regulator of FGF10 expression. Plays an important role in embryonic lung development. May contribute to embryonic brain development by regulating the proliferation of dopaminergic precursors and neurons. (360 aa) |
| | Wnt3a | Protein Wnt-3a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in activation of transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family. Required for normal embryonic mesoderm development and formation of caudal somites. Required for normal morphogenesis of the developing neural tube. Mediates self-renewal of the stem cells at the bottom on intestinal crypts (in vitro). (352 aa) |
| | Cav1 | Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes (By similarity). Forms a stable heterooligomeric complex with CAV2 that targets to lipid rafts and drives caveolae formation. Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN proteins (CAVIN1/2/3/4) to the caveolae. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependen [...] (178 aa) |
| | Ctnnb1 | Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa) |
| | Wnt10a | Protein Wnt-10a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Plays a role in normal ectoderm development. Required for normal tooth development. Required for normal postnatal development and maintenance of tongue papillae and sweat ducts. Required for normal proliferation of basal cells in tongue filiform papillae, plantar epithelium and sweat ducts. Required for normal expression of keratins in tongue papillae. Required for normal expression of KRT9 in foot plant epithelium. Requi [...] (417 aa) |
| | Wnt6 | Protein Wnt-6; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Probable developmental protein. May be a signaling molecule which affects the development of discrete regions of tissues. Is likely to signal over only few cell diameters. (364 aa) |
| | Wnt7a | Protein Wnt-7a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors that functions in the canonical Wnt/beta- catenin signaling pathway. Plays an important role in embryonic development, including dorsal versus ventral patterning during limb development, skeleton development and urogenital tract development. Required for central nervous system (CNS) angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier regulation. Required for normal, sexually dimorphic development of the Mullerian ducts, and for normal fertility in both sexes. Required for normal neural stem cell proliferation i [...] (349 aa) |
| | Bcl7b | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 7 protein family member B; Positive regulator of apoptosis. Plays a role in the Wnt signaling pathway, negatively regulating the expression of Wnt signaling components CTNNB1 and HMGA1 (By similarity). Involved in cell cycle progression, maintenance of the nuclear structure and stem cell differentiation (By similarity). May play a role in lung tumor development or progression; Belongs to the BCL7 family. (202 aa) |
| | Wnt16 | Protein Wnt-16; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Probable developmental protein. May be a signaling molecule which affects the development of discrete regions of tissues. Is likely to signal over only few cell diameters (By similarity). (364 aa) |
| | 2210016L21Rik | Protein CUSTOS; Plays a role in the regulation of Wnt signaling pathway during early development; Belongs to the CUSTOS family. (256 aa) |
| | Dvl1 | Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1; Participates in Wnt signaling by binding to the cytoplasmic C-terminus of frizzled family members and transducing the Wnt signal to down-stream effectors. Plays a role both in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling. Plays a role in the signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple Wnt genes. Required for LEF1 activation upon WNT1 and WNT3A signaling. DVL1 and PAK1 form a ternary complex with MUSK which is important for MUSK-dependent regulation of AChR clustering during the formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Belongs [...] (695 aa) |
| | Draxin | Draxin; Chemorepulsive axon guidance protein required for the development of spinal cord and forebrain commissures. Acts as a chemorepulsive guidance protein for commissural axons during development. Able to inhibit or repel neurite outgrowth from dorsal spinal cord. Inhibits the stabilization of cytosolic beta-catenin (CTNNB1) via its interaction with LRP6, thereby acting as an antagonist of Wnt signaling pathway. (343 aa) |
| | Ctnnbip1 | Beta-catenin-interacting protein 1; Prevents the interaction between CTNNB1 and TCF family members, and acts as negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway; Belongs to the CTNNBIP1 family. (81 aa) |
| | Cdk14 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 14; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle, whose activity is controlled by an associated cyclin. Acts as a cell-cycle regulator of Wnt signaling pathway during G2/M phase by mediating the phosphorylation of LRP6 at 'Ser-1490', leading to the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Acts as a regulator of cell cycle progression and cell proliferation via its interaction with CCDN3. Phosphorylates RB1 in vitro, however the relevance of such result remains to be confirmed in vivo. May also play a role in meiosis, neuro [...] (469 aa) |
| | Rspo1 | R-spondin-1; Activator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by acting as a ligand for LGR4-6 receptors. Upon binding to LGR4-6 (LGR4, LGR5 or LGR6), LGR4-6 associate with phosphorylated LRP6 and frizzled receptors that are activated by extracellular Wnt receptors, triggering the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to increase expression of target genes. Also regulates the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin- dependent pathway and non-canonical Wnt signaling by acting as an inhibitor of ZNRF3, an important regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Acts as a ligand for frizzled FZD8 and LRP6. May neg [...] (265 aa) |
| | Prkaa2 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts a [...] (552 aa) |
| | Reck | Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs; Functions together with ADGRA2 to enable brain endothelial cells to selectively respond to Wnt7 signals (WNT7A or WNT7B). Plays a key role in Wnt7-specific responses: required for central nervous system (CNS) angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier regulation. Acts as a Wnt7- specific coactivator of canonical Wnt signaling by decoding Wnt ligands: acts by interacting specifically with the disordered linker region of Wnt7, thereby conferring ligand selectivity for Wnt7 (By similarity). ADGRA2 is then required to deliver RECK-bound [...] (971 aa) |
| | Invs | Inversin; Required for normal renal development and establishment of left-right axis. Probably acts as a molecular switch between different Wnt signaling pathways. Inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway by targeting cytoplasmic disheveled (DVL1) for degradation by the ubiquitin- proteasome. This suggests that it is required in renal development to oppose the repression of terminal differentiation of tubular epithelial cells by Wnt signaling (By similarity). Involved in the organization of apical junctions in kidney cells together with NPHP1, NPHP4 and RPGRIP1L/NPHP8. Does not seem to be st [...] (1062 aa) |
| | Dkk2 | Dickkopf-related protein 2; Antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6. DKKs play an important role in vertebrate development, where they locally inhibit Wnt regulated processes such as antero-posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis and eye formation. In the adult, Dkks are implicated in bone formation and bone disease, cancer and Alzheimer disease; Belongs to the dickkopf family. (259 aa) |
| | Sfrp2 | Secreted frizzled-related protein 2; Soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPS) function as modulators of Wnt signaling through direct interaction with Wnts. They have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in specific cell types. SFRP2 may be important for eye retinal development and for myogenesis. (295 aa) |
| | Lef1 | Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1; Participates in the Wnt signaling pathway. Activates transcription of target genes in the presence of CTNNB1 and EP300. May play a role in hair cell differentiation and follicle morphogenesis. TLE1, TLE2, TLE3 and TLE4 repress transactivation mediated by LEF1 and CTNNB1 (By similarity). Regulates T-cell receptor alpha enhancer function. Binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner. PIASG antagonizes both Wnt-dependent and Wnt-independent activation by LEF1. (397 aa) |
| | Wnt2b | Protein Wnt-2b; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Plays a redundant role in embryonic lung development. (389 aa) |
| | Bmp2 | Bone morphogenetic protein 2; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Stimulates the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts via the EIF2AK3- EIF2A- ATF4 pathway. BMP2 activation of EIF2AK3 stimulates phosphorylation of EIF2A which leads to increased expression of ATF4 which plays a central role in osteoblast differentiation. In addition stimulates TMEM119, which upregulates the expression of ATF4. Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (394 aa) |
| | Rtf1 | RNA polymerase-associated protein RTF1 homolog; Component of the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) which has multiple functions during transcription by RNA polymerase II and is implicated in regulation of development and maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. PAF1C associates with RNA polymerase II through interaction with POLR2A CTD non-phosphorylated and 'Ser-2'- and 'Ser- 5'-phosphorylated forms and is involved in transcriptional elongation, acting both indepentently and synergistically with TCEA1 and in cooperation with the DSIF complex and HTATSF1. PAF1C is required for transcription [...] (715 aa) |
| | Lrp4 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4; Mediates SOST-dependent inhibition of bone formation. Functions as a specific facilitator of SOST-mediated inhibition of Wnt signaling. Plays a key role in the formation and the maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the synapse between motor neuron and skeletal muscle. Directly binds AGRIN and recruits it to the MUSK signaling complex. Mediates the AGRIN-induced phosphorylation of MUSK, the kinase of the complex. The activation of MUSK in myotubes induces the formation of NMJ by regulating different processes including the [...] (1905 aa) |
| | Frzb | Secreted frizzled-related protein 3; Soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPS) function as modulators of Wnt signaling through direct interaction with Wnts. They have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in specific cell types. SFRP3/FRZB appears to be involved in limb skeletogenesis. Antagonist of Wnt8 signaling. Regulates chondrocyte maturation and long bone development (By similarity). (323 aa) |
| | Myoc | Myocilin, C-terminal fragment; Secreted glycoprotein regulating the activation of different signaling pathways in adjacent cells to control different processes including cell adhesion, cell-matrix adhesion, cytoskeleton organization and cell migration. Promotes substrate adhesion, spreading and formation of focal contacts. Negatively regulates cell-matrix adhesion and stress fiber assembly through Rho protein signal transduction. Modulates the organization of actin cytoskeleton by stimulating the formation of stress fibers through interactions with components of Wnt signaling pathways. [...] (490 aa) |
| | Mark1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase (By similarity). Involved in cell polarity and microtubule dynamics regulation. Phosphorylates DCX, MAP2 and MAP4. Phosphorylates the microtubule-associated protein MAPT/TAU (By similarity). Involved in cell polarity by phosphorylating the microtubule-associated proteins MAP2, MAP4 and MAPT/TAU at KXGS motifs, causing detachment from microtubules, and their disassembly. Involved in the regulation of neuronal migration through its dual activities in regulating cellular polarity and microtubule dynamics, possibly by p [...] (795 aa) |
| | Klhl12 | Kelch-like protein 12; Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that acts as a negative regulator of Wnt signaling pathway and ER-Golgi transport. The BCR(KLHL12) complex is involved in ER-Golgi transport by regulating the size of COPII coats, thereby playing a key role in collagen export, which is required for embryonic stem (ES) cells division: BCR(KLHL12) acts by mediating monoubiquitination of SEC31 (SEC31A or SEC31B). The BCR(KLHL12) complex is also involved in neural crest specification: in response to cytosolic calcium increase, interacts w [...] (568 aa) |
| | Sox17 | Transcription factor SOX-17; Acts as transcription regulator that binds target promoter DNA and bends the DNA. Binds to the sequences 5'-AACAAT-'3 or 5'-AACAAAG-3'. Modulates transcriptional regulation via WNT3A. Inhibits Wnt signaling. Promotes degradation of activated CTNNB1. Plays a key role in the regulation of embryonic development. Required for normal development of the definitive gut endoderm. Required for normal looping of the embryonic heart tube. Plays an important role in embryonic and postnatal vascular development, including development of arteries. Plays an important role [...] (419 aa) |
| | Xiap | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP; Multi-functional protein which regulates not only caspases and apoptosis, but also modulates inflammatory signaling and immunity, copper homeostasis, mitogenic kinase signaling, cell proliferation, as well as cell invasion and metastasis. Acts as a direct caspase inhibitor. Directly bind to the active site pocket of CASP3 and CASP7 and obstructs substrate entry. Inactivates CASP9 by keeping it in a monomeric, inactive state. Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating NF-kappa-B signaling and the target proteins for its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligas [...] (496 aa) |
| | Ddit3 | DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein; Multifunctional transcription factor in ER stress response. Plays an essential role in the response to a wide variety of cell stresses and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to ER stress. Plays a dual role both as an inhibitor of CCAAT/enhancer- binding protein (C/EBP) function and as an activator of other genes. Acts as a dominant-negative regulator of C/EBP-induced transcription: dimerizes with members of the C/EBP family, impairs their association with C/EBP binding sites in the promoter regions, and inhibits the expression [...] (168 aa) |
| | Wnt3 | Proto-oncogene Wnt-3; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in activation of transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family (By similarity). Required for normal gastrulation, formation of the primitive streak, and for the formation of the mesoderm during early embryogenesis. Required for normal formation of the apical ectodermal ridge and for normal embryonic limb development. (355 aa) |
| | Zbed3 | Zinc finger BED domain-containing protein 3; Acts as a positive regulator in the activation of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway by stabilizing cytoplasmic beta-catenin. Involved in transcription activation of Wnt target gene expression. (228 aa) |
| | Wnt7b | Protein Wnt-7b; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors that functions in the canonical Wnt/beta- catenin signaling pathway. Required for normal fusion of the chorion and the allantois during placenta development. Required for central nervous system (CNS) angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier regulation. (353 aa) |
| | Rnf138 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF138; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in DNA damage response by promoting DNA resection and homologous recombination. Recruited to sites of double-strand breaks following DNA damage and specifically promotes double-strand break repair via homologous recombination. Two different, non-exclusive, mechanisms have been proposed. According to a report, regulates the choice of double-strand break repair by favoring homologous recombination over non-homologous end joining (NHEJ): acts by mediating ubiquitination of XRCC5/Ku80, leading to remove the Ku complex [...] (245 aa) |
| | Apcdd1 | Protein APCDD1; Negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Inhibits Wnt signaling in a cell-autonomous manner and functions upstream of beta- catenin. May act via its interaction with Wnt and LRP proteins (By similarity); Belongs to the APCDD1 family. (514 aa) |
| | Amer2 | APC membrane recruitment protein 2; Negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neuroectodermal patterning. Acts by specifically binding phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), translocating to the cell membrane and interacting with key regulators of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, such as components of the beta-catenin destruction complex (By similarity); Belongs to the Amer family. (635 aa) |
| | Celsr2 | Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2; Receptor that may have an important role in cell/cell signaling during nervous system formation. (2919 aa) |
| | Med12 | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 12; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. This subunit may specifi [...] (2190 aa) |
| | Tcf7 | Transcription factor 7; Transcriptional activator involved in T-cell lymphocyte differentiation. Necessary for the survival of CD4(+) CD8(+) immature thymocytes. Isoforms lacking the N-terminal CTNNB1 binding domain cannot fulfill this role. Binds to the T-lymphocyte-specific enhancer element (5'-WWCAAAG-3') found in the promoter of the CD3E gene. May also act as feedback transcriptional repressor of CTNNB1 and TCF7L2 target genes. TLE1, TLE2, TLE3 and TLE4 repress transactivation mediated by TCF7 and CTNNB1 (By similarity); Belongs to the TCF/LEF family. (303 aa) |
| | Pkd2 | Polycystin-2; Component of a heteromeric calcium-permeable ion channel formed by PKD1 and PKD2 that is activated by interaction between PKD1 and a Wnt family member, such as WNT3A and WNT9B. Can also form a functional, homotetrameric ion channel. Functions as a cation channel involved in fluid-flow mechanosensation by the primary cilium in renal epithelium. Functions as outward-rectifying K(+) channel, but is also permeable to Ca(2+), and to a much lesser degree also to Na(+). May contribute to the release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). Together with T [...] (966 aa) |
| | Daam1 | Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1; Binds to disheveled (Dvl) and Rho, and mediates Wnt-induced Dvl-Rho complex formation. May play a role as a scaffolding protein to recruit Rho-GDP and Rho-GEF, thereby enhancing Rho-GTP formation. Can direct nucleation and elongation of new actin filaments (By similarity). Involved in building functional cilia. Involved in the organization of the subapical actin network in multiciliated epithelial cells (By similarity). Together with DAAM2, required for myocardial maturation and sarcomere assembly. Belongs to the formin homology family. (1077 aa) |
| | Dab2 | Disabled homolog 2; Adapter protein that functions as clathrin-associated sorting protein (CLASP) required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis of selected cargo proteins. Can bind and assemble clathrin, and binds simultaneously to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) and cargos containing non-phosphorylated NPXY internalization motifs, such as the LDL receptor, to recruit them to clathrin-coated pits. Can function in clathrin-mediated endocytosis independently of the AP-2 complex. Involved in endocytosis of integrin beta-1; this function seems to redundant with the AP-2 [...] (766 aa) |
| | Cdh3 | Cadherin-3; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (822 aa) |
| | Csnk1g2 | Casein kinase I isoform gamma-2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase. Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling (By similarity). Phosphorylates COL4A3BP/CERT, MTA1 and SMAD3. Involved in brain development and vesicular trafficking and neurotransmitter releasing from small synaptic vesicles. Regulates fast synaptic transmission mediated by glutamate. SMAD3 phosphorylation promotes its ligand- dependent ubiquitination and subsequent [...] (442 aa) |
| | Apc | Adenomatous polyposis coli protein; Tumor suppressor. Promotes rapid degradation of CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling as a negative regulator. APC activity is correlated with its phosphorylation state. Activates the GEF activity of SPATA13 and ARHGEF4. Plays a role in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)- induced cell migration (By similarity). Required for MMP9 up-regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. Acts as a mediator of ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It is required for the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane a [...] (2842 aa) |
| | Gid8 | Glucose-induced degradation protein 8 homolog; Core component of the CTLH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that selectively accepts ubiquitin from UBE2H and mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the transcription factor HBP1. Acts as a positive regulator of Wnt signaling pathway by promoting beta-catenin (CTNNB1) nuclear accumulation. (228 aa) |
| | Porcn | Protein-serine O-palmitoleoyltransferase porcupine; Protein-serine O-palmitoleoyltransferase that acts as a key regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating the attachment of palmitoleate, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), to Wnt proteins. Serine palmitoleylation of WNT proteins is required for efficient binding to frizzled receptors. (461 aa) |
| | Ext1 | Exostosin-1; Glycosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of heparan- sulfate. The EXT1/EXT2 complex possesses substantially higher glycosyltransferase activity than EXT1 or EXT2 alone. Required for the exosomal release of SDCBP, CD63 and syndecan (By similarity). (746 aa) |
| | Fbxw11 | F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 11; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Probably recognizes and binds to phosphorylated target proteins. SCF(FBXW11) mediates the ubiquitination of phosphorylated CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling. SCF(FBXW11) mediates the ubiquitination of phosphorylated NFKBIA, which degradation frees the associated NFKB1 to translocate into the nucleus and to activate transcription. SCF(FBXW11) mediat [...] (563 aa) |
| | Drd2 | D(2) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (444 aa) |
| | Axin1 | Axin-1; Component of the beta-catenin destruction complex required for regulating CTNNB1 levels through phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and modulating Wnt-signaling (By similarity). Controls dorsoventral patterning via two opposing effects; down-regulates CTNNB1 to inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway and ventralize embryos, but also dorsalizes embryos by activating a Wnt-independent JNK signaling pathway. In Wnt signaling, probably facilitates the phosphorylation of CTNNB1 and APC by GSK3B. Likely to function as a tumor suppressor. Facilitates the phosphorylation of TP53 by HIPK2 upo [...] (868 aa) |
| | Mbd2 | Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2; Binds CpG islands in promoters where the DNA is methylated at position 5 of cytosine within CpG dinucleotides. Binds hemimethylated DNA as well. Recruits histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases. Acts as transcriptional repressor and plays a role in gene silencing. Functions as a scaffold protein, targeting GATAD2A and GATAD2B to chromatin to promote repression (By similarity). May enhance the activation of some unmethylated cAMP-responsive promoters (By similarity). Selectively represses transcription activity of methylated rRNA promoters. (414 aa) |
| | Tle1 | Transducin-like enhancer protein 1; Transcriptional corepressor that binds to a number of transcription factors. Inhibits NF-kappa-B-regulated gene expression. Inhibits the transcriptional activation mediated by FOXA2, and by CTNNB1 and TCF family members in Wnt signaling. The effects of full- length TLE family members may be modulated by association with dominant-negative AES. Unusual function as coactivator for ESRRG (By similarity); Belongs to the WD repeat Groucho/TLE family. (770 aa) |
| | Gsk3a | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha; Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle. M [...] (490 aa) |
| | Shisa6 | Protein shisa-6; Involved in maintenance of high-frequency synaptic transmission at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses. Regulates AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) immobilization at postsynaptic density keeping the channels in an activated state in the presence of glutamate and preventing synaptic depression. May play a role in self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells by inhibiting canonical Wnt signaling pathway. (525 aa) |
| | Btrc | F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 1A; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Recognizes and binds to phosphorylated target proteins. SCF(BTRC) mediates the ubiquitination of phosphorylated NFKB, ATF4, CDC25A, DLG1, FBXO5, PER1, SMAD3, SMAD4, SNAI1 and probably NFKB2. SCF(BTRC) mediates the ubiquitination of CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling (By similarity). SCF(BTRC) mediates the ubiquitination of NFKBIA, NFKBIB and NFKBIE; [...] (605 aa) |
| | Csnk1g3 | Casein kinase I isoform gamma-3; Serine/threonine-protein kinase. Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling (By similarity). Regulates fast synaptic transmission mediated by glutamate. (424 aa) |
| | Cthrc1 | Collagen triple helix repeat-containing protein 1; May act as a negative regulator of collagen matrix deposition. (245 aa) |
| | Yap1 | Transcriptional coactivator YAP1; Transcriptional regulator which can act both as a coactivator and a corepressor and is the critical downstream regulatory target in the Hippo signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncopro [...] (488 aa) |
| | Ccdc88c | Protein Daple; Required for activation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) during non-canonical Wnt signaling. Binds to ligand-activated Wnt receptor FZD7, displacing DVL1 from the FZD7 receptor and leading to inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling. Acts as a non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor by also binding to guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) alpha (Gi-alpha) subunits, leading to their activation. Binding to Gi-alpha subunits displaces the beta and gamma subunits from the heterotrimeric G-protein complex, triggering non-canonical Wnt responses such [...] (2009 aa) |
| | Wls | Protein wntless homolog; Regulates Wnt proteins sorting and secretion in a feedback regulatory mechanism. This reciprocal interaction plays a key role in the regulation of expression, subcellular location, binding and organelle-specific association of Wnt proteins. Plays also an important role in establishment of the anterior-posterior body axis formation during development. (541 aa) |
| | Fzd5 | Frizzled-5; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Can activate WNT2, WNT10B, WNT5A, but not WNT2B or WNT4 (in vitro); the in vivo situation may be different since not all of these are known to be coexpressed. In neurons, activation of WNT7A promotes formation of synapses (By similarity). Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. The canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium [...] (585 aa) |
| | Siah2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Mediates E3 ubiquitin ligase activity either through direct binding to substrates or by functioning as the essential RING domain subunit of larger E3 complexes. Mediates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of DYRK2 in response to hypoxia. Promotes monoubiquitinat [...] (325 aa) |
| | Rspo2 | R-spondin-2; Activator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by acting as a ligand for LGR4-6 receptors. Upon binding to LGR4-6 (LGR4, LGR5 or LGR6), LGR4-6 associate with phosphorylated LRP6 and frizzled receptors that are activated by extracellular Wnt receptors, triggering the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to increase expression of target genes. Also regulates the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin-dependent pathway and non-canonical Wnt signaling by acting as an inhibitor of ZNRF3, an important regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Probably also acts as a ligand for frizzled and LRP r [...] (243 aa) |
| | Epm2a | Laforin; Plays an important role in preventing glycogen hyperphosphorylation and the formation of insoluble aggregates, via its activity as glycogen phosphatase, and by promoting the ubiquitination of proteins involved in glycogen metabolism via its interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase NHLRC1/malin. Dephosphorylates phosphotyrosine and synthetic substrates, such as para-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP), and has low activity with phosphoserine and phosphothreonine substrates (in vitro). Has also been shown to dephosphorylate MAPT. Shows strong phosphatase activity towards complex carbohy [...] (330 aa) |
| | Plpp3 | Phospholipid phosphatase 3; Magnesium-independent phospholipid phosphatase of the plasma membrane that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of a variety of glycerolipid and sphingolipid phosphate esters including phosphatidate/PA, lysophosphatidate/LPA, diacylglycerol pyrophosphate/DGPP, sphingosine 1-phosphate/S1P and ceramide 1- phosphate/C1P. Also acts on N-oleoyl ethanolamine phosphate/N-(9Z- octadecenoyl)-ethanolamine phosphate, a potential physiological compound. Has both an extracellular and an intracellular phosphatase activity, allowing the hydrolysis and the cellular uptake of the [...] (312 aa) |
| | Wnt5a | Protein Wnt-5a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Can activate or inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, depending on receptor context. In the presence of FZD4, activates beta-catenin signaling. In the presence of ROR2, inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway by promoting beta-catenin degradation through a GSK3-independent pathway which involves down-regulation of beta-catenin-induced reporter gene expression. Suppression of the canonical pathway allows chondrogenesis to occur and inhibits tumor formation. Stimulates cell migration. Decreases proliferatio [...] (380 aa) |
| | Ctnnd1 | Catenin delta-1; Key regulator of cell-cell adhesion that associates with and regulates the cell adhesion properties of both C-, E- and N-cadherins, being critical for their surface stability. Beside cell-cell adhesion, regulates gene transcription through several transcription factors including ZBTB33/Kaiso2 and GLIS2, and the activity of Rho family GTPases and downstream cytoskeletal dynamics. Implicated both in cell transformation by SRC and in ligand-induced receptor signaling through the EGF, PDGF, CSF-1 and ERBB2 receptors. (938 aa) |
| | Wnt11 | Protein Wnt-11; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Probable developmental protein. May be a signaling molecule which affects the development of discrete regions of tissues. Is likely to signal over only few cell diameters; Belongs to the Wnt family. (354 aa) |
| | Gpc3 | Glypican-3 alpha subunit; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate (By similarity). Negatively regulates the hedgehog signaling pathway when attached via the GPI-anchor to the cell surface by competing with the hedgehog receptor PTC1 for binding to hedgehog proteins. Binding to the hedgehog protein SHH triggers internalization of the complex by endocytosis and its subsequent lysosomal degradation. Positively regulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by binding to the Wnt receptor Frizzled and stimulating the binding of the Frizzled receptor to Wnt ligands (By similarity [...] (579 aa) |
| | Prkaa1 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts a [...] (559 aa) |
| | Fzd1 | Frizzled-1; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Activated by WNT7B. Activated by WNT3A, WNT3, WNT1 and to a lesser extent WNT2, but apparently not by WNT4, WNT5A, WNT5B, WNT6, WNT7A or WNT7B (By similarity). Contradictory results showing activation by WNT7B have been described for mouse. Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. The canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calciu [...] (642 aa) |
| | Otulin | Ubiquitin thioesterase otulin; Deubiquitinase that specifically removes linear ('Met-1'- linked) polyubiquitin chains to substrates and acts as a regulator of angiogenesis and innate immune response. Required during angiogenesis, craniofacial and neuronal development by regulating the canonical Wnt signaling together with the LUBAC complex. Acts as a negative regulator of NF-kappa-B by regulating the activity of the LUBAC complex (By similarity). OTULIN function is mainly restricted to homeostasis of the LUBAC complex: acts by removing 'Met-1'-linked autoubiquitination of the LUBAC com [...] (352 aa) |
| | Tmem198 | Transmembrane protein 198; Promotes LRP6 phosphorylation by casein kinases and thereby plays a role in Wnt signaling. May be a membrane scaffold protein involved in the self-aggregation of LRP6 to further enhance its activity (By similarity). (360 aa) |
| | Tle4 | Transducin-like enhancer protein 4; Transcriptional corepressor that binds to a number of transcription factors. Inhibits the transcriptional activation mediated by PAX5, and by CTNNB1 and TCF family members in Wnt signaling. The effects of full-length TLE family members may be modulated by association with dominant-negative AES. Essential for the transcriptional repressor activity of SIX3 during retina and lens development and for SIX3 transcriptional auto-repression. (773 aa) |
| | Tmem88 | Transmembrane protein 88; Inhibits the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Crucial for heart development and acts downstream of GATA factors in the pre- cardiac mesoderm to specify lineage commitment of cardiomyocyte development (By similarity); Belongs to the TMEM88 family. (159 aa) |
| | Foxo1 | Forkhead box protein O1; Transcription factor that is the main target of insulin signaling and regulates metabolic homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. Binds to the insulin response element (IRE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTTG-3' and the related Daf-16 family binding element (DBE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTAC-3'. Activity suppressed by insulin. Main regulator of redox balance and osteoblast numbers and controls bone mass. Orchestrates the endocrine function of the skeleton in regulating glucose metabolism. Acts synergistically with ATF4 to suppress osteocalc [...] (652 aa) |
| | Amer3 | APC membrane recruitment protein 3; Regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Acts by specifically binding phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), translocating to the cell membrane (By similarity). Belongs to the Amer family. (780 aa) |
| | Pygo2 | Pygopus 2. (405 aa) |
| | Fzd9 | Frizzled-9; Receptor for WNT2 that is coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes (By similarity). Plays a role in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) assembly by negatively regulating the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) through the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway. May play a role in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) viability through the beta- catenin canonical signaling pathway by negatively regulating cell [...] (592 aa) |
| | Hic1 | Hypermethylated in cancer 1 protein; Transcriptional repressor. Recognizes and binds to the consensus sequence '5-[CG]NG[CG]GGGCA[CA]CC-3'. May act as a tumor suppressor. May be involved in development of head, face, limbs and ventral body wall. Involved in down-regulation of SIRT1 and thereby is involved in regulation of p53/TP53-dependent apoptotic DNA-damage responses. The specific target gene promoter association seems to be depend on corepressors, such as CTBP1 or CTBP2 and MTA1. The regulation of SIRT1 transcription in response to nutrient deprivation seems to involve CTBP1. In c [...] (893 aa) |
| | Frat2 | GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2; Positively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway by stabilizing beta-catenin through the association with GSK-3; Belongs to the GSK-3-binding protein family. (231 aa) |
| | Amfr | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase AMFR; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the polyubiquitination of a number of proteins such as CD3D, CYP3A4, CFTR and APOB for proteasomal degradation. Component of a VCP/p97-AMFR/gp78 complex that participates in the final step of endoplasmic reticulum- associated degradation (ERAD). The VCP/p97-AMFR/gp78 complex is involved in the sterol-accelerated ERAD degradation of HMGCR through binding to the HMGCR-INSIG complex at the ER membrane and initiating ubiquitination of HMGCR. The ubiquitinated HMGCR is then released from the ER by the complex into t [...] (639 aa) |
| | Daam2 | Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 2; Key regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is required for various processes during development, such as dorsal patterning, determination of left/right symmetry or myelination in the central nervous system. Acts downstream of Wnt ligands and upstream of beta-catenin (CTNNB1). Required for canonical Wnt signaling pathway during patterning in the dorsal spinal cord by promoting the aggregation of Disheveled (Dvl) complexes, thereby clustering and formation of Wnt receptor signalosomes and potentiating Wnt activity. During dorsal [...] (1115 aa) |
| | Axin2 | Axin-2; Inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. Down-regulates beta- catenin. Probably facilitate the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and APC by GSK3B. (840 aa) |
| | Ccny | Cyclin-Y; Positive regulatory subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK14/PFTK1. Acts as a cell-cycle regulator of Wnt signaling pathway during G2/M phase by recruiting CDK14/PFTK1 to the plasma membrane and promoting phosphorylation of LRP6, leading to the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway (By similarity). Recruits CDK16 to the plasma membrane (By similarity). Positive regulatory subunit of the cyclin- dependent kinase CDK16. (341 aa) |
| | Zbtb33 | Transcriptional regulator Kaiso; Transcriptional regulator with bimodal DNA-binding specificity. Binds to methylated CpG dinucleotides in the consensus sequence 5'-CGCG-3' and also binds to the non-methylated consensus sequence 5'-CTGCNA-3' also known as the consensus kaiso binding site (KBS). May recruit the N-CoR repressor complex to promote histone deacetylation and the formation of repressive chromatin structures in target gene promoters. Contributes to the repression of target genes of the Wnt signaling pathway. May also activate transcription of a subset of target genes by the re [...] (671 aa) |
| | Fzd4 | Frizzled-4; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin (CTNNB1) canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin (CTNNB1) and activation of Wnt target genes. Plays a critical role in retinal vascularization by acting as a receptor for Wnt proteins and norrin (NDP). In retina, it can be activated by Wnt protein-binding and also by Wnt-independent signaling via binding of norrin (NDP), promoting in both cases beta-catenin (CTNNB1) accumulation and sti [...] (537 aa) |
| | Pkd1 | Polycystin-1; Component of a heteromeric calcium-permeable ion channel formed by PKD1 and PKD2 that is activated by interaction between PKD1 and a Wnt family member, such as WNT3A and WNT9B. Both PKD1 and PKD2 are required for channel activity (By similarity). Involved in renal tubulogenesis. Involved in fluid-flow mechanosensation by the primary cilium in renal epithelium. Acts as a regulator of cilium length, together with PKD2. The dynamic control of cilium length is essential in the regulation of mechanotransductive signaling. The cilium length response creates a negative feedback [...] (4293 aa) |
| | Ccdc88a | Girdin; Bifunctional modulator of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) (By similarity). Acts as a non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor which binds to and activates guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) alpha subunits (By similarity). Also acts as a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor for guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha GNAS (By similarity). Essential for cell migration (By similarity). Interacts in complex with G(i) alpha subunits with the EGFR receptor, retaining EGFR at the cell membrane following ligand stimulation and promoting E [...] (1845 aa) |
| | Cpe | Carboxypeptidase E; Sorting receptor that directs prohormones to the regulated secretory pathway. Acts also as a prohormone processing enzyme in neuro/endocrine cells, removing dibasic residues from the C-terminal end of peptide hormone precursors after initial endoprotease cleavage. Belongs to the peptidase M14 family. (476 aa) |
| | Ror1 | Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR1; Has very low kinase activity in vitro and is unlikely to function as a tyrosine kinase in vivo (By similarity). Receptor for ligand WNT5A which activate downstream NFkB signaling pathway and may result in the inhibition of WNT3A-mediated signaling (By similarity). In inner ear, crucial for spiral ganglion neurons to innervate auditory hair cells. (937 aa) |
| | Tax1bp3 | Tax1-binding protein 3; May regulate a number of protein-protein interactions by competing for PDZ domain binding sites. Binds CTNNB1 and may thereby act as an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. Competes with LIN7A for KCNJ4 binding, and thereby promotes KCNJ4 internalization. May play a role in the Rho signaling pathway (By similarity). (124 aa) |
| | Pitx2 | Pituitary homeobox 2; Controls cell proliferation in a tissue-specific manner and is involved in morphogenesis. During embryonic development, exerts a role in the expansion of muscle progenitors. May play a role in the proper localization of asymmetric organs such as the heart and stomach. Isoform Ptx2c is involved in left-right asymmetry the developing embryo. (324 aa) |
| | Lgr4 | Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 4; Receptor for R-spondins that potentiates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and is involved in the formation of various organs. Upon binding to R-spondins (RSPO1, RSPO2, RSPO3 or RSPO4), associates with phosphorylated LRP6 and frizzled receptors that are activated by extracellular Wnt receptors, triggering the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to increase expression of target genes. In contrast to classical G-protein coupled receptors, does not activate heterotrimeric G-proteins to transduce the signal. Its function as activat [...] (951 aa) |
| | Leo1 | RNA polymerase-associated protein LEO1; Component of the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) which has multiple functions during transcription by RNA polymerase II and is implicated in regulation of development and maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. PAF1C associates with RNA polymerase II through interaction with POLR2A CTD non-phosphorylated and 'Ser-2'- and 'Ser- 5'-phosphorylated forms and is involved in transcriptional elongation, acting both indepentently and synergistically with TCEA1 and in cooperation with the DSIF complex and HTATSF1. PAF1C is required for transcription of Hox [...] (667 aa) |
| | Ndp | Norrin; Activates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway through FZD4 and LRP5 coreceptor. Plays a central role in retinal vascularization by acting as a ligand for FZD4 that signals via stabilizing beta-catenin (CTNNB1) and activating LEF/TCF-mediated transcriptional programs. Acts in concert with TSPAN12 to activate FZD4 independently of the Wnt- dependent activation of FZD4, suggesting the existence of a Wnt- independent signaling that also promote accumulation the beta-catenin (CTNNB1). May be involved in a pathway that regulates neural cell differentiation and proliferation. Possible [...] (131 aa) |
| | Kremen2 | Kremen protein 2; Receptor for Dickkopf proteins. Cooperates with DKK1/2 to inhibit Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by promoting the endocytosis of Wnt receptors LRP5 and LRP6. Plays a role in limb development; attenuates Wnt signaling in the developing limb to allow normal limb patterning and can also negatively regulate bone formation. (461 aa) |
| | Bcl9 | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 protein; Promotes beta-catenin's transcriptional activity. Involved in signal transduction through the Wnt pathway (By similarity). (1425 aa) |
| | Lzts2 | Leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 2; Negative regulator of katanin-mediated microtubule severing and release from the centrosome. Required for central spindle formation and the completion of cytokinesis. May negatively regulate axonal outgrowth by preventing the formation of microtubule bundles that are necessary for transport within the elongating axon. Negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Represses beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation by promoting the nuclear exclusion of beta- catenin. (671 aa) |
| | Mitf | Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; Transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes with essential roles in cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. Binds to M-boxes (5'-TCATGTG-3') and symmetrical DNA sequences (E-boxes) (5'-CACGTG-3') found in the promoters of target genes, such as BCL2 and tyrosinase (TYR). Plays an important role in melanocyte development by regulating the expression of tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1). Plays a critical role in the differentiation of various cell types, such as neural crest-derived melanocyt [...] (526 aa) |
| | Isl1 | Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1; DNA-binding transcriptional activator. Recognizes and binds to the consensus octamer binding site 5'-ATAATTAA-3' in promoter of target genes. Plays a fundamental role in the gene regulatory network essential for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation. Cooperates with the transcription factor POU4F2 to achieve maximal levels of expression of RGC target genes and RGC fate specification in the developing retina. Involved in the specification of motor neurons in cooperation with LHX3 and LDB1. Binds to insulin gene enhancer sequences (By similarity [...] (349 aa) |
| | Fermt2 | Fermitin family homolog 2; Scaffolding protein that enhances integrin activation mediated by TLN1 and/or TLN2, but activates integrins only weakly by itself. Binds to membranes enriched in phosphoinositides. Enhances integrin-mediated cell adhesion onto the extracellular matrix and cell spreading; this requires both its ability to interact with integrins and with phospholipid membranes. Required for the assembly of focal adhesions. Participates in the connection between extracellular matrix adhesion sites and the actin cytoskeleton and also in the orchestration of actin assembly and ce [...] (680 aa) |
| | Pygo1 | Pygopus homolog 1; Involved in signal transduction through the Wnt pathway. (417 aa) |
| | Siah1a | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH1A; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Mediates E3 ubiquitin ligase activity either through direct binding to substrates or by functioning as the essential RING domain subunit of larger E3 complexes. Triggers the ubiquitin- mediated degradation of many substrates, including proteins involved in transcriptio [...] (282 aa) |
| | Ptk7 | Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase 7; Inactive tyrosine kinase involved in Wnt signaling pathway. Component of both the non-canonical (also known as the Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling) and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Functions in cell adhesion, cell migration, cell polarity, proliferation, actin cytoskeleton reorganization and apoptosis. Has a role in embryogenesis, epithelial tissue organization and angiogenesis. (1062 aa) |
| | Ubac2 | Ubiquitin-associated domain-containing protein 2; Restricts trafficking of FAF2 from the endoplasmic reticulum to lipid droplets (By similarity). In association with LMBR1L and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase AMFR, negatively regulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in the lymphocytes by promoting the ubiquitin- mediated degradation of CTNNB1 and Wnt receptors FZD6 and LRP6. (345 aa) |
| | Siah1b | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH1B; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Mediates E3 ubiquitin ligase activity either through direct binding to substrates or by functioning as the essential RING domain subunit of larger E3 complexes. Confers constitutive instability to HIPK2 through proteasomal degradation. Probably triggers the ubiquitin-m [...] (282 aa) |
| | Wnt8b | Protein Wnt-8b; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. May play an important role in the development and differentiation of certain forebrain structures, notably the hippocampus; Belongs to the Wnt family. (368 aa) |
| | Hesx1 | Homeobox expressed in ES cells 1; Required for the normal development of the forebrain, eyes and other anterior structures such as the olfactory placodes and pituitary gland. Possible transcriptional repressor. Binds to the palindromic PIII sequence, 5'-AGCTTGAGTCTAATTGAATTAACTGTAC-3'. HESX1 and PROP1 bind as heterodimers on this palindromic site, and, in vitro, HESX1 can antagonize PROP1 activation; Belongs to the ANF homeobox family. (185 aa) |
| | Rspo4 | R-spondin-4; Activator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by acting as a ligand for LGR4-6 receptors. Upon binding to LGR4-6 (LGR4, LGR5 or LGR6), LGR4-6 associate with phosphorylated LRP6 and frizzled receptors that are activated by extracellular Wnt receptors, triggering the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to increase expression of target genes. Also regulates the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin-dependent pathway and non-canonical Wnt signaling by acting as an inhibitor of ZNRF3, an important regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. (228 aa) |
| | Sostdc1 | Sclerostin domain-containing protein 1; May be involved in the onset of endometrial receptivity for implantation/sensitization for the decidual cell reaction. Enhances Wnt signaling and inhibits TGF-beta signaling (By similarity). Directly antagonizes activity of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6 and BMP7 in a dose-dependent manner; Belongs to the sclerostin family. (206 aa) |
| | Cpz | Carboxypeptidase Z; Cleaves substrates with C-terminal arginine residues. Probably modulates the Wnt signaling pathway, by cleaving some undefined protein. May play a role in cleavage during prohormone processing (By similarity); Belongs to the peptidase M14 family. (654 aa) |
| | Fzd8 | Frizzled-8; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Component of the Wnt-Fzd-LRP5-LRP6 complex that triggers beta-catenin signaling through inducing aggregation of receptor-ligand complexes into ribosome-sized signalsomes (By similarity). The beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can [...] (685 aa) |
| | Rnf146 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF146; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically binds poly-ADP- ribosylated (PARsylated) proteins and mediates their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. May regulate many important biological processes, such as cell survival and DNA damage response. Acts as an activator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating the ubiquitination of PARsylated AXIN1 and AXIN2, 2 key components of the beta-catenin destruction complex. Acts in cooperation with tankyrase proteins (TNKS and TNKS2), which mediate PARsylation of target proteins AXIN1, AXIN2, BLZF1, CA [...] (359 aa) |
| | Ccar2 | Cell cycle and apoptosis regulator protein 2; Core component of the DBIRD complex, a multiprotein complex that acts at the interface between core mRNP particles and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and integrates transcript elongation with the regulation of alternative splicing: the DBIRD complex affects local transcript elongation rates and alternative splicing of a large set of exons embedded in (A + T)-rich DNA regions. Inhibits SIRT1 deacetylase activity leading to increasing levels of p53/TP53 acetylation and p53- mediated apoptosis (By similarity). As part of a histone H3-specific meth [...] (922 aa) |
| | Wnt4 | Protein Wnt-4; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Plays an important role in the embryonic development of the urogenital tract and the lung. Required for normal mesenchyme to epithelium transition during embryonic kidney development. Required for the formation of early epithelial renal vesicles during kidney development. Required for normal formation of the Mullerian duct in females, and normal levels of oocytes in the ovaries. Required for normal down- regulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the ovary. Required for norma [...] (351 aa) |
| | Fbxw4 | F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 4; Probably recognizes and binds to some phosphorylated proteins and promotes their ubiquitination and degradation. Likely to be involved in key signaling pathways crucial for normal limb development. May participate in Wnt signaling. (410 aa) |
| | Vax2 | Ventral anterior homeobox 2; Transcription factor that may function in dorsoventral specification of the forebrain. Regulates the expression of Wnt signaling antagonists including the expression of a truncated TCF7L2 isoform that cannot bind CTNNB1 and acts therefore as a potent dominant-negative Wnt antagonist. Plays a crucial role in eye development and, in particular, in the specification of the ventral optic vesicle. May be a regulator of axial polarization in the retina. Belongs to the EMX homeobox family. (292 aa) |
| | Lgr6 | Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 6; Receptor for R-spondins that potentiates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and acts as a marker of multipotent stem cells in the epidermis. Upon binding to R-spondins (RSPO1, RSPO2, RSPO3 or RSPO4), associates with phosphorylated LRP6 and frizzled receptors that are activated by extracellular Wnt receptors, triggering the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to increase expression of target genes. In contrast to classical G-protein coupled receptors, does not activate heterotrimeric G-proteins to transduce the signal (By similarity). (967 aa) |
| | D1Pas1 | Putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase Pl10; Putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase. Possible role in a key step of the spermatogenic process; Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX3/DED1 subfamily. (660 aa) |
| | Nphp3 | Nephrocystin-3; Required for normal ciliary development and function. Inhibits disheveled-1-induced canonical Wnt-signaling activity and may also play a role in the control of non-canonical Wnt signaling that regulates planar cell polarity. Probably acts as a molecular switch between different Wnt signaling pathways. Required for proper convergent extension cell movements. (1325 aa) |
| | Amotl2 | Angiomotin-like protein 2; Regulates the translocation of phosphorylated SRC to peripheral cell-matrix adhesion sites. Required for proper architecture of actin filaments. Inhibits the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, probably by recruiting CTNNB1 to recycling endosomes and hence preventing its translocation to the nucleus. Participates in angiogenesis. May play a role in the polarity, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Selectively promotes FGF-induced MAPK activation through SRC (By similarity); Belongs to the angiomotin family. (772 aa) |
| | Lrrfip2 | Leucine-rich repeat flightless-interacting protein 2; May function as activator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, in association with DVL3, upstream of CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Positively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in response to agonist probably by competing with the negative FLII regulator for MYD88-binding (By similarity). (415 aa) |
| | Csnk1g1 | Casein kinase I isoform gamma-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase. Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling. Phosphorylates CLSPN (By similarity). Regulates fast synaptic transmission mediated by glutamate. (459 aa) |
| | Dixdc1 | Dixin; Positive effector of the Wnt signaling pathway; activates WNT3A signaling via DVL2. Regulates JNK activation by AXIN1 and DVL2. (711 aa) |
| | Nkd1 | Protein naked cuticle homolog 1; Cell autonomous antagonist of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. May activate a second Wnt signaling pathway that controls planar cell polarity. Required for spermatogenesis. (471 aa) |
| | Brd7 | Bromodomain-containing protein 7; Acts both as coactivator and as corepressor. May play a role in chromatin remodeling. Transcriptional corepressor that down- regulates the expression of target genes. Binds to target promoters, leading to increased histone H3 acetylation at 'Lys-9' (H3K9ac). Binds to the ESR1 promoter. Recruits BRCA1 and POU2F1 to the ESR1 promoter. Coactivator for TP53-mediated activation of transcription of a set of target genes. Required for TP53-mediated cell-cycle arrest in response to oncogene activation. Promotes acetylation of TP53 at 'Lys-382', and thereby pro [...] (651 aa) |
| | Ednra | Endothelin-1 receptor; Receptor for endothelin-1. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of binding affinities for ET-A is: ET1 > ET2 >> ET3 (By similarity). (427 aa) |
| | Sfrp1 | Secreted frizzled-related protein 1; Soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPS) function as modulators of Wnt signaling through direct interaction with Wnts. They have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in specific cell types. SFRP1 decreases intracellular beta-catenin levels (By similarity). Has antiproliferative effects on vascular cells, in vitro and in vivo, and can induce, in vivo, an angiogenic response. In vascular cell cycle, delays the G1 phase and entry into the S phase. In kidney development, inhibits tubule formation and bud growth in metanephroi (By simila [...] (314 aa) |
| | Dkk4 | Dickkopf-related protein 4; Antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6. DKKs play an important role in vertebrate development, where they locally inhibit Wnt regulated processes such as antero-posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis and eye formation. In the adult, Dkks are implicated in bone formation and bone disease, cancer and Alzheimer disease (By similarity); Belongs to the dickkopf family. (221 aa) |
| | Tnks | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase tankyrase-1; Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase involved in various processes such as Wnt signaling pathway, telomere length and vesicle trafficking. Acts as an activator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating poly- ADP-ribosylation (PARsylation) of AXIN1 and AXIN2, 2 key components of the beta-catenin destruction complex: poly-ADP-ribosylated target proteins are recognized by RNF146, which mediates their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Also mediates PARsylation of BLZF1 and CASC3, followed by recruitment of RNF146 and subsequent ubiquitination. Medi [...] (1320 aa) |
| | Adgra2 | Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A2; Endothelial receptor which functions together with RECK to enable brain endothelial cells to selectively respond to Wnt7 signals (WNT7A or WNT7B). Plays a key role in Wnt7-specific responses, such as endothelial cell sprouting and migration in the forebrain and neural tube, and establishment of the blood-brain barrier. Acts as a Wnt7-specific coactivator of canonical Wnt signaling: required to deliver RECK-bound Wnt7 to frizzled by assembling a higher- order RECK-ADGRA2-Fzd-LRP5-LRP6 complex (By similarity). ADGRA2- tethering function does not re [...] (1336 aa) |
