STRINGSTRING
Myh13 Myh13 Kat2b Kat2b Jup Jup Fxr1 Fxr1 Stk11 Stk11 Casq1 Casq1 Hspb1 Hspb1 Actn3 Actn3 Sptbn1 Sptbn1 Slc4a1 Slc4a1 Ctnnb1 Ctnnb1 Krt19 Krt19 Tcap Tcap Fhl2 Fhl2 Dnajb6 Dnajb6 Trim54 Trim54 Sdc4 Sdc4 Jph2 Jph2 Myh4 Myh4 Pdlim4 Pdlim4 Unc45b Unc45b Calm3 Calm3 Arhgef25 Arhgef25 Myh8 Myh8 Csrp2 Csrp2 Fkbp1b Fkbp1b Psma6 Psma6 Actn1 Actn1 Asb2 Asb2 Ryr2 Ryr2 Fbp2 Fbp2 Habp4 Habp4 Smn1 Smn1 Ldb3 Ldb3 Vcl Vcl Fbxo32 Fbxo32 Parvb Parvb Twf1 Twf1 Krt8 Krt8 Twf2 Twf2 Bin1 Bin1 Myot Myot Dctn4 Dctn4 Ankrd2 Ankrd2 Myl1 Myl1 Des Des Alppl2 Alppl2 Nebl Nebl Xirp2 Xirp2 Smtnl1 Smtnl1 Capn3 Capn3 Anxa5 Anxa5 Casq2 Casq2 Lrrc39 Lrrc39 Myoz2 Myoz2 Cavin4 Cavin4 Slc2a1 Slc2a1 Capzb Capzb Rpl6 Rpl6 Lmod2 Lmod2 Bmp10 Bmp10 Timp4 Timp4 Rtn2 Rtn2 Atp2a1 Atp2a1 Parva Parva Pak1 Pak1 Bag3 Bag3 Ilk Ilk Itgb1bp2 Itgb1bp2 Adprhl1 Adprhl1 Myom2 Myom2 Frg1 Frg1 Pdlim3 Pdlim3 Mmp2 Mmp2 Acta1 Acta1 Fbxo22 Fbxo22 Rpl4 Rpl4 Pgm5 Pgm5 Ky Ky Pyroxd1 Pyroxd1 Nexn Nexn Fkbp1a Fkbp1a Obscn Obscn Jph1 Jph1 Syne1 Syne1 Fhl3 Fhl3 Stub1 Stub1 Mtmr12 Mtmr12 Fhod3 Fhod3 Myl12b Myl12b Fermt2 Fermt2 Pdlim7 Pdlim7 Pygm Pygm Syne2 Syne2 Neb Neb Calm2 Calm2 Cmya5 Cmya5 Akap4 Akap4 Scn3b Scn3b Abra Abra Flnb Flnb Kcne1 Kcne1 Ppp3ca Ppp3ca Kcna5 Kcna5 S100a1 S100a1 Smtnl2 Smtnl2 Fbxl22 Fbxl22 Ankrd23 Ankrd23 Pgm1 Pgm1 Lmod1 Lmod1 Trim32 Trim32 Grin2b Grin2b Myoz3 Myoz3 Flnc Flnc Pdlim1 Pdlim1 Actn4 Actn4 Glrx3 Glrx3 Actn2 Actn2 Ak1 Ak1 Ppp1r12a Ppp1r12a Tmod2 Tmod2 Grk3 Grk3 Ppp2r5a Ppp2r5a Actg1 Actg1 Tnnt1 Tnnt1 Rpl7 Rpl7 Tmod3 Tmod3 Myod1 Myod1 Myom1 Myom1 Plec Plec Nrap Nrap Lrrc10 Lrrc10 Synm Synm Cav3 Cav3 Cfl2 Cfl2 Homer1 Homer1 Myl3 Myl3 Rpl15 Rpl15 Myh6 Myh6 Scn8a Scn8a Hrc Hrc Myo18b Myo18b Aldoa Aldoa Myl9 Myl9 Actc1 Actc1 Myoz1 Myoz1 Mybphl Mybphl Pde4dip Pde4dip Ahnak Ahnak Myh7b Myh7b Sco1 Sco1 Myzap Myzap Mypn Mypn Lmod3 Lmod3 3425401B19Rik 3425401B19Rik Csrp1 Csrp1 Synpo Synpo Hdac4 Hdac4 Klhl40 Klhl40 Tnni3 Tnni3 Klhl41 Klhl41 Abcc9 Abcc9 Psen1 Psen1 Tnnc2 Tnnc2 Nbr1 Nbr1 Tjp1 Tjp1 Sync Sync Sqstm1 Sqstm1 Myl7 Myl7 Myom3 Myom3 Trim63 Trim63 Synpo2 Synpo2 Pde4b Pde4b Myl4 Myl4 Tmod4 Tmod4 Tmod1 Tmod1 Tpm2 Tpm2 Fhl5 Fhl5 Calm1 Calm1 Lman1 Lman1 Ankrd1 Ankrd1 Rpl17 Rpl17 Gm49909 Gm49909 Sco2 Sco2 Myh11 Myh11 Cryab Cryab Ryr3 Ryr3 Kcnj8 Kcnj8 Mef2c Mef2c Pdlim5 Pdlim5 Dag1 Dag1 Dusp27 Dusp27 Tnnt2 Tnnt2 Smpx Smpx Trpc1 Trpc1 Kcnn2 Kcnn2 Ank2 Ank2 Ank3 Ank3 Dst Dst Ryr1 Ryr1 Kbtbd13 Kbtbd13 Tnnt3 Tnnt3 Slc8a1 Slc8a1 Tnnc1 Tnnc1 Ppp1r12b Ppp1r12b Igfn1 Igfn1 Myh2 Myh2 Csrp3 Csrp3 Kctd6 Kctd6 Sorbs2 Sorbs2 Mybpc3 Mybpc3 Myh7 Myh7 Ggps1 Ggps1 Arf1 Arf1 Mtm1 Mtm1 Ppp3cb Ppp3cb Nos1ap Nos1ap Sphkap Sphkap Adra1a Adra1a Ablim2 Ablim2 Tnni1 Tnni1 Myl12a Myl12a Tnni2 Tnni2 Sptan1 Sptan1 Nos1 Nos1 Atp2b4 Atp2b4 Sri Sri Slmap Slmap Myh1 Myh1 Pdlim2 Pdlim2 Rtl1 Rtl1 Svil Svil Simc1 Simc1 Ank1 Ank1 Pde4d Pde4d Scn5a Scn5a Synpo2l Synpo2l Palld Palld Flna Flna Dmd Dmd Tpm1 Tpm1 Cab39 Cab39 Prickle4 Prickle4 Cacna1c Cacna1c Scn1a Scn1a Cacna1d Cacna1d Cacna1s Cacna1s Ttn Ttn Myl2 Myl2 Psen2 Psen2 Myh3 Myh3
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Myh13Myosin, heavy polypeptide 13, skeletal muscle; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1938 aa)
Kat2bHistone acetyltransferase KAT2B; Functions as a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) to promote transcriptional activation. Has significant histone acetyltransferase activity with core histones (H3 and H4), and also with nucleosome core particles. Also acetylates non-histone proteins, such as ACLY, PLK4, RRP9/U3-55K and TBX5. Acts as a circadian transcriptional coactivator which enhances the activity of the circadian transcriptional activators: NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 and CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimers. Involved in heart and limb development by mediating acetylation of TBX5, acetylation regulatin [...] (813 aa)
JupJunction plakoglobin; Common junctional plaque protein. The membrane-associated plaques are architectural elements in an important strategic position to influence the arrangement and function of both the cytoskeleton and the cells within the tissue. The presence of plakoglobin in both the desmosomes and in the intermediate junctions suggests that it plays a central role in the structure and function of submembranous plaques. Acts as a substrate for VE-PTP and is required by it to stimulate VE- cadherin function in endothelial cells. Can replace beta-catenin in E- cadherin/catenin adhes [...] (745 aa)
Fxr1Fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related protein 1; RNA-binding protein required for embryonic and postnatal development of muscle tissue. May regulate intracellular transport and local translation of certain mRNAs. (677 aa)
Stk11Serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11; Tumor suppressor serine/threonine-protein kinase that controls the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family members, thereby playing a role in various processes such as cell metabolism, cell polarity, apoptosis and DNA damage response. Acts by phosphorylating the T-loop of AMPK family proteins, thus promoting their activity: phosphorylates PRKAA1, PRKAA2, BRSK1, BRSK2, MARK1, MARK2, MARK3, MARK4, NUAK1, NUAK2, SIK1, SIK2, SIK3 and SNRK but not MELK. Also phosphorylates non-AMPK family proteins such as STRADA, PTEN and possibly p53/TP [...] (436 aa)
Casq1Calsequestrin-1; Calsequestrin is a high-capacity, moderate affinity, calcium- binding protein and thus acts as an internal calcium store in muscle. Calcium ions are bound by clusters of acidic residues at the protein surface, often at the interface between subunits. Can bind around 80 Ca(2+) ions (By similarity). Regulates the release of lumenal Ca(2+) via the calcium release channel RYR1; this plays an important role in triggering muscle contraction. Negatively regulates store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) activity (By similarity). (405 aa)
Hspb1Heat shock protein beta-1; Small heat shock protein which functions as a molecular chaperone probably maintaining denatured proteins in a folding- competent state. Plays a role in stress resistance and actin organization. Through its molecular chaperone activity may regulate numerous biological processes including the phosphorylation and the axonal transport of neurofilament proteins (By similarity). (209 aa)
Actn3Alpha-actinin-3; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein (By similarity); Belongs to the alpha-actinin family. (900 aa)
Sptbn1Spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 1; Fodrin, which seems to be involved in secretion, interacts with calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner and is thus candidate for the calcium-dependent movement of the cytoskeleton at the membrane. (2363 aa)
Slc4a1Band 3 anion transport protein; Functions both as a transporter that mediates electroneutral anion exchange across the cell membrane and as a structural protein. Major integral membrane glycoprotein of the erythrocyte membrane; required for normal flexibility and stability of the erythrocyte membrane and for normal erythrocyte shape via the interactions of its cytoplasmic domain with cytoskeletal proteins, glycolytic enzymes, and hemoglobin. Functions as a transporter that mediates the 1:1 exchange of inorganic anions across the erythrocyte membrane. Mediates chloride- bicarbonate exch [...] (929 aa)
Ctnnb1Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa)
Krt19Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19; Involved in the organization of myofibers. Together with KRT8, helps to link the contractile apparatus to dystrophin at the costameres of striated muscle (By similarity). (403 aa)
TcapTelethonin; Muscle assembly regulating factor. Mediates the antiparallel assembly of titin (TTN) molecules at the sarcomeric Z-disk (By similarity). (167 aa)
Fhl2Four and a half LIM domains protein 2; May function as a molecular transmitter linking various signaling pathways to transcriptional regulation. Negatively regulates the transcriptional repressor E4F1 and may function in cell growth. Inhibits the transcriptional activity of FOXO1 and its apoptotic function by enhancing the interaction of FOXO1 with SIRT1 and FOXO1 deacetylation (By similarity). Negatively regulates the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. (279 aa)
Dnajb6DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6; Plays an indispensable role in the organization of KRT8/KRT18 filaments. Acts as an endogenous molecular chaperone for neuronal proteins including huntingtin. Suppresses aggregation and toxicity of polyglutamine-containing, aggregation-prone proteins (By similarity). Has a stimulatory effect on the ATPase activity of HSP70 in a dose- dependent and time-dependent manner and hence acts as a co-chaperone of HSP70. Also reduces cellular toxicity and caspase-3 activity (By similarity). (365 aa)
Trim54Tripartite motif-containing protein 54; May bind and stabilize microtubules during myotubes formation. (366 aa)
Sdc4Syndecan-4; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Regulates exosome biogenesis in concert with SDCBP and PDCD6IP. Belongs to the syndecan proteoglycan family. (198 aa)
Jph2Junctophilin-2 N-terminal fragment; [Junctophilin-2]: Membrane-binding protein that provides a structural bridge between the plasma membrane and the sarcoplasmic reticulum and is required for normal excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. Provides a structural foundation for functional cross-talk between the cell surface and intracellular Ca(2+) release channels by maintaining the 12-15 nm gap between the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes in the cardiac dyads. Necessary for proper intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in cardiac myocytes via its involvement in rya [...] (696 aa)
Myh4Myosin-4; Muscle contraction. (1939 aa)
Pdlim4PDZ and LIM domain protein 4; Suppresses SRC activation by recognizing and binding to active SRC and facilitating PTPN13-mediated dephosphorylation of SRC 'Tyr-419' leading to its inactivation. Inactivated SRC dissociates from this protein allowing the initiation of a new SRC inactivation cycle. Involved in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton (By similarity). In nonmuscle cells, binds to ACTN1 (alpha-actinin-1), increases the affinity of ACTN1 to F-actin (filamentous actin), and promotes formation of actin stress fibers. Involved in regulation of the synaptic AMPA receptor transpo [...] (330 aa)
Unc45bProtein unc-45 homolog B; Acts as a co-chaperone for HSP90 and is required for proper folding of the myosin motor domain. Plays a role in sarcomere formation during muscle cell development. Is necessary for normal early lens development (By similarity). (929 aa)
Calm3Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Mediates calcium- dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium- activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. (149 aa)
Arhgef25Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 25; May play a role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization in different tissues since its activation induces formation of actin stress fibers. It works as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho family of small GTPases. Links specifically G alpha q/11-coupled receptors to RHOA activation (By similarity). May be an important regulator of processes involved in axon and dendrite formation. In neurons seems to be an exchange factor primarily for RAC1. Involved in skeletal myogenesis. (618 aa)
Myh8Myosin-8; Muscle contraction. (1937 aa)
Csrp2Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2; Drastically down-regulated in response to PDGF-BB or cell injury, that promote smooth muscle cell proliferation and dedifferentiation. Seems to play a role in the development of the embryonic vascular system (By similarity). (193 aa)
Fkbp1bPeptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1B; Has the potential to contribute to the immunosuppressive and toxic effects of FK506 and rapamycin. PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity); Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. FKBP1 subfamily. (108 aa)
Psma6Proteasome subunit alpha type-6; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pr [...] (246 aa)
Actn1Alpha-actinin-1; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein (By similarity). (892 aa)
Asb2Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 2; Probable substrate-recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin-Cullin-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins; Belongs to the ankyrin SOCS box (ASB) family. (634 aa)
Ryr2Ryanodine receptor 2; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering cardiac muscle contraction. Aberrant channel activation can lead to cardiac arrhythmia. In cardiac myocytes, calcium release is triggered by increased Ca(2+) levels due to activation of the L-type calcium channel CACNA1C. The calcium channel activity is modulated by formation of heterotetramers with RYR3. Required for cellular calcium ion homeostasis. Required for embryonic heart development. Belongs to the ryanodine rec [...] (4966 aa)
Fbp2Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase isozyme 2; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in the presence of divalent cations and probably participates in glycogen synthesis from carbohydrate precursors, such as lactate. (339 aa)
Habp4Intracellular hyaluronan-binding protein 4; RNA-binding protein that plays a role in the regulation of transcription, pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA translation. Negatively regulates DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor MEF2C in myocardial cells in response to mechanical stress. Plays a role in pre- mRNA splicing regulation. Binds (via C-terminus) to poly(U) RNA. Involved in mRNA translation regulation, probably at the initiation step. Seems to play a role in PML-nuclear bodies formation (By similarity). (412 aa)
Smn1Survival motor neuron protein; The SMN complex plays a catalyst role in the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome. Thereby, plays an important role in the splicing of cellular pre-mRNAs. Most spliceosomal snRNPs contain a common set of Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP. In the cytosol, the Sm proteins SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG are trapped in an inactive 6S pICln-Sm complex by the ch [...] (288 aa)
Ldb3LIM domain-binding protein 3; May function as an adapter in striated muscle to couple protein kinase C-mediated signaling via its LIM domains to the cytoskeleton. (723 aa)
VclVinculin; Actin filament (F-actin)-binding protein involved in cell- matrix adhesion and cell-cell adhesion. Regulates cell-surface E- cadherin expression and potentiates mechanosensing by the E-cadherin complex. May also play important roles in cell morphology and locomotion (By similarity); Belongs to the vinculin/alpha-catenin family. (1066 aa)
Fbxo32F-box only protein 32; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Probably recognizes and binds to phosphorylated target proteins during skeletal muscle atrophy. Recognizes TERF1 (By similarity). (355 aa)
ParvbBeta-parvin; Adapter protein that plays a role in integrin signaling via ILK and in activation of the GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 by guanine exchange factors, such as ARHGEF6. Is involved in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and formation of lamellipodia. Plays a role in cell adhesion, cell spreading, establishment or maintenance of cell polarity, and cell migration (By similarity); Belongs to the parvin family. (365 aa)
Twf1Twinfilin-1; Actin-binding protein involved in motile and morphological processes. Inhibits actin polymerization, likely by sequestering G- actin. By capping the barbed ends of filaments, it also regulates motility. Seems to play an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and distribution of endocytic organelles. (350 aa)
Krt8Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8; Together with KRT19, helps to link the contractile apparatus to dystrophin at the costameres of striated muscle; Belongs to the intermediate filament family. (490 aa)
Twf2Twinfilin-2; Actin-binding protein involved in motile and morphological processes. Inhibits actin polymerization, likely by sequestering G- actin. By capping the barbed ends of filaments, it also regulates motility. Seems to play an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and distribution of endocytic organelles. May play a role in regulating the mature length of the middle and short rows of stereocilia; Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. Twinfilin subfamily. (349 aa)
Bin1Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1; Is a key player in the control of plasma membrane curvature, and membrane shaping and remodeling. Required in muscle cells for the formation of T-tubules, tubular invaginations of the plasma membrane that function in depolarization-contraction coupling. Required in muscle cells for the formation of T-tubules, tubular invaginations of the plasma membrane that function in depolarization-contraction coupling. Is a negative regulator of endocytosis (By similarity). Is also involved in the regulation of intracellular vesicles sorting, modulation of B [...] (588 aa)
MyotMyotilin; Component of a complex of multiple actin cross-linking proteins. Involved in the control of myofibril assembly and stability at the Z lines in muscle cells (By similarity). (496 aa)
Dctn4Dynactin subunit 4; Could have a dual role in dynein targeting and in ACTR1A/Arp1 subunit of dynactin pointed-end capping. Could be involved in ACTR1A pointed-end binding and in additional roles in linking dynein and dynactin to the cortical cytoskeleton. (460 aa)
Ankrd2Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 2; Functions as a negative regulator of myocyte differentiation. May interact with both sarcoplasmic structural proteins and nuclear proteins to regulate gene expression during muscle development and in response to muscle stress. (328 aa)
Myl1Myosin light chain 1/3, skeletal muscle isoform; Non-regulatory myosin light chain required for proper formation and/or maintenance of myofibers, and thus appropriate muscle function. (188 aa)
DesDesmin; Muscle-specific type III intermediate filament essential for proper muscular structure and function. Plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure of sarcomeres, inter-connecting the Z-disks and forming the myofibrils, linking them not only to the sarcolemmal cytoskeleton, but also to the nucleus and mitochondria, thus providing strength for the muscle fiber during activity (By similarity). In adult striated muscle they form a fibrous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane from the periphery of the Z-line structures. May act as a sarcomeric m [...] (469 aa)
Alppl2Alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type. (529 aa)
NeblLIM zinc-binding domain-containing Nebulette; Binds to actin and plays an important role in the assembly of the Z-disk. Isoform 2 might play a role in the assembly of focal adhesion (By similarity). (270 aa)
Xirp2Xin actin-binding repeat-containing protein 2; Protects actin filaments from depolymerization. (3784 aa)
Smtnl1Smoothelin-like protein 1; Plays a role in the regulation of contractile properties of both striated and smooth muscles. When unphosphorylated, may inhibit myosin dephosphorylation. Phosphorylation at Ser-301 reduces this inhibitory activity. (459 aa)
Capn3Calpain-3; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease; Belongs to the peptidase C2 family. (821 aa)
Anxa5Annexin A5; This protein is an anticoagulant protein that acts as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade; Belongs to the annexin family. (319 aa)
Casq2Calsequestrin-2; Calsequestrin is a high-capacity, moderate affinity, calcium- binding protein and thus acts as an internal calcium store in muscle. Calcium ions are bound by clusters of acidic residues at the protein surface, especially at the interface between subunits. Can bind around 60 Ca(2+) ions. Regulates the release of lumenal Ca(2+) via the calcium release channel RYR2; this plays an important role in triggering muscle contraction. Plays a role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart and in regulating the rate of heart beats. (415 aa)
Lrrc39Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 39; Component of the sarcomeric M-band which plays a role in myocyte response to biomechanical stress. May regulate expression of other M-band proteins via an SRF-dependent pathway. Important for normal contractile function in heart. (337 aa)
Myoz2Myozenin-2; Myozenins may serve as intracellular binding proteins involved in linking Z line proteins such as alpha-actinin, gamma- filamin, TCAP/telethonin, LDB3/ZASP and localizing calcineurin signaling to the sarcomere. Plays an important role in the modulation of calcineurin signaling. May play a role in myofibrillogenesis. (264 aa)
Cavin4Caveolae-associated protein 4; Modulates the morphology of formed caveolae in cardiomyocytes, but is not required for caveolar formation. Facilitates the recruitment of MAPK1/3 to caveolae within cardiomyocytes and regulates alpha-1 adrenergic receptor-induced hypertrophic responses in cardiomyocytes through MAPK1/3 activation. Contributes to proper membrane localization and stabilization of caveolin-3 (CAV3) in cardiomyocytes. Induces RHOA activation and activates NPPA transcription and myofibrillar organization through the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. Belongs to the CAVIN family. (362 aa)
Slc2a1Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1; Facilitative glucose transporter, which is responsible for constitutive or basal glucose uptake. Has a very broad substrate specificity; can transport a wide range of aldoses including both pentoses and hexoses (By similarity). Most important energy carrier of the brain: present at the blood-brain barrier and assures the energy-independent, facilitative transport of glucose into the brain (By similarity); Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. Glucose transporter subfamily. (492 aa)
CapzbF-actin-capping protein subunit beta; F-actin-capping proteins bind in a Ca(2+)-independent manner to the fast growing ends of actin filaments (barbed end) thereby blocking the exchange of subunits at these ends. Unlike other capping proteins (such as gelsolin and severin), these proteins do not sever actin filaments. Isoform 3 may play a role in spermatogenesis. Alternatively, may play a role in later maturation steps such as capacitation and fertilization which involve changes of membrane domains. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization (By sim [...] (301 aa)
Rpl660S ribosomal protein L6; Component of the large ribosomal subunit. (296 aa)
Lmod2Leiomodin-2; Mediates nucleation of actin filaments and thereby promotes actin polymerization (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of actin filament length. Required for normal sarcomere organization in the heart, and for normal heart function. (550 aa)
Bmp10Bone morphogenetic protein 10; Required for maintaining the proliferative activity of embryonic cardiomyocytes by preventing premature activation of the negative cell cycle regulator CDKN1C/p57KIP and maintaining the required expression levels of cardiogenic factors such as MEF2C and NKX2-5. Acts as a ligand for ACVRL1/ALK1, BMPR1A/ALK3 and BMPR1B/ALK6, leading to activation of SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD8 transcription factors. Inhibits endothelial cell migration and growth. May reduce cell migration and cell matrix adhesion in breast cancer cell lines (By similarity). Belongs to the TGF-be [...] (421 aa)
Timp4Metalloproteinase inhibitor 4; Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. (224 aa)
Rtn2Reticulon-2. (471 aa)
Atp2a1Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1; Key regulator of striated muscle performance by acting as the major Ca(2+) ATPase responsible for the reuptake of cytosolic Ca(2+) into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen. Contributes to calcium sequestration involved in muscular excitation/contraction. (994 aa)
ParvaAlpha-parvin; Plays a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation of lamellipodia and ciliogenesis. Plays a role in the establishement of cell polarity, cell adhesion, cell spreading, and directed cell migration. Plays a role in sarcomere organization and in smooth muscle cell contraction. Required for normal development of the embryonic cardiovascular system, and for normal septation of the heart outflow tract. Plays a role in sprouting angiogenesis and is required for normal adhesion of vascular smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells during blood vessel development. (372 aa)
Pak1Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1; Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. Can directly phosphorylate BAD and protects cells against apoptosis. Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby media [...] (544 aa)
Bag3BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3; Co-chaperone for HSP70 and HSC70 chaperone proteins. Acts as a nucleotide-exchange factor (NEF) promoting the release of ADP from the HSP70 and HSC70 proteins thereby triggering client/substrate protein release. Nucleotide release is mediated via its binding to the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of HSPA8/HSC70 where as the substrate release is mediated via its binding to the substrate-binding domain (SBD) of HSPA8/HSC70. Has anti-apoptotic activity. Plays a role in the HSF1 nucleocytoplasmic transport. (577 aa)
IlkIntegrin-linked protein kinase; Receptor-proximal protein kinase regulating integrin-mediated signal transduction. May act as a mediator of inside-out integrin signaling. Focal adhesion protein part of the complex ILK-PINCH. This complex is considered to be one of the convergence points of integrin- and growth factor-signaling pathway. Could be implicated in mediating cell architecture, adhesion to integrin substrates and anchorage-dependent growth in epithelial cells. Phosphorylates beta-1 and beta-3 integrin subunit on serine and threonine residues, but also AKT1 and GSK3B. (452 aa)
Itgb1bp2Integrin beta-1-binding protein 2; May play a role during maturation and/or organization of muscles cells. (350 aa)
Adprhl1[Protein ADP-ribosylarginine] hydrolase-like protein 1; Seems not to catalyse the hydrolysis of O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. (353 aa)
Myom2Myomesin 2. (1463 aa)
Frg1Protein FRG1; Binds to mRNA in a sequence-independent manner. May play a role in regulation of pre-mRNA splicing or in the assembly of rRNA into ribosomal subunits. May be involved in mRNA transport. May be involved in epigenetic regulation of muscle differentiation through regulation of activity of the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase KMT5B. Belongs to the FRG1 family. (258 aa)
Pdlim3PDZ and LIM domain protein 3; May play a role in the organization of actin filament arrays within muscle cells. (316 aa)
Mmp272 kDa type IV collagenase; Ubiquitinous metalloproteinase that is involved in diverse functions such as remodeling of the vasculature, angiogenesis, tissue repair, tumor invasion, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. As well as degrading extracellular matrix proteins, can also act on several nonmatrix proteins such as big endothelial 1 and beta- type CGRP promoting vasoconstriction. Also cleaves KISS at a Gly-|-Leu bond. Appears to have a role in myocardial cell death pathways. Contributes to myocardial oxidative stress by regulating the activity of GSK3beta. Cleaves GSK3 [...] (662 aa)
Acta1Actin, alpha skeletal muscle, intermediate form; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (377 aa)
Fbxo22F-box only protein 22; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Promotes the proteasome- dependent degradation of key sarcomeric proteins, such as alpha-actinin (ACTN2) and filamin-C (FLNC), essential for maintenance of normal contractile function. (402 aa)
Rpl460S ribosomal protein L4; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL4 family. (419 aa)
Pgm5Phosphoglucomutase-like protein 5; Component of adherens-type cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. Lacks phosphoglucomutase activity (By similarity). Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family. (567 aa)
KyKyphoscoliosis peptidase; Probable cytoskeleton-associated protease required for normal muscle growth. Involved in function, maturation and stabilization of the neuromuscular junction. May act by cleaving muscle-specific proteins such as FLNC. (661 aa)
Pyroxd1Pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 1; Probable FAD-dependent oxidoreductase; involved in the cellular oxidative stress response (By similarity). Required for normal sarcomere structure and muscle fiber integrity (By similarity). (498 aa)
NexnNexilin; Involved in regulating cell migration through association with the actin cytoskeleton. Has an essential role in the maintenance of Z line and sarcomere integrity. (607 aa)
Fkbp1aPeptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A; Keeps in an inactive conformation TGFBR1, the TGF-beta type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, preventing TGF-beta receptor activation in absence of ligand. Recruits SMAD7 to ACVR1B which prevents the association of SMAD2 and SMAD3 with the activin receptor complex, thereby blocking the activin signal. May modulate the RYR1 calcium channel activity. PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity); Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. FKBP [...] (108 aa)
ObscnObscurin; Structural component of striated muscles which plays a role in myofibrillogenesis. Probably involved in the assembly of myosin into sarcomeric A bands in striated muscle (By similarity). Has serine/threonine protein kinase activity and phosphorylates N-cadherin CDH2 and sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit ATP1B1. Binds (via the PH domain) strongly to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), and to a lesser extent to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate ( [...] (8032 aa)
Jph1Junctophilin-1; Junctophilins contribute to the formation of junctional membrane complexes (JMCs) which link the plasma membrane with the endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum in excitable cells. Provides a structural foundation for functional cross-talk between the cell surface and intracellular calcium release channels. JPH1 contributes to the construction of the skeletal muscle triad by linking the t-tubule (transverse-tubule) and SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum) membranes. (660 aa)
Syne1Nesprin-1; Multi-isomeric modular protein which forms a linking network between organelles and the actin cytoskeleton to maintain the subcellular spatial organization. As a component of the LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex involved in the connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton. The nucleocytoplasmic interactions established by the LINC complex play an important role in the transmission of mechanical forces across the nuclear envelope and in nuclear movement and positioning. May be involved in nucleus- centrosome attachment. During interkineti [...] (1431 aa)
Fhl3Four and a half LIM domains protein 3; Recruited by SOX15 to FOXK1 promoters where it acts as a transcriptional coactivator of FOXK1. (289 aa)
Stub1STIP1 homology and U box-containing protein 1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which targets misfolded chaperone substrates towards proteasomal degradation. Collaborates with ATXN3 in the degradation of misfolded chaperone substrates: ATXN3 restricting the length of ubiquitin chain attached to STUB1/CHIP substrates and preventing further chain extension. Ubiquitinates NOS1 in concert with Hsp70 and Hsp40. Modulates the activity of several chaperone complexes, including Hsp70, Hsc70 and Hsp90. Mediates transfer of non-canonical short ubiquitin chains to HSPA8 that have no effect on HSPA8 de [...] (304 aa)
Mtmr12Myotubularin-related protein 12; Acts as an adapter for the myotubularin-related phosphatases. Regulates phosphatase MTM1 protein stability and possibly its intracellular location. By stabilizing MTM1 protein levels, required for skeletal muscle maintenance but not for myogenesis ; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class myotubularin subfamily. (747 aa)
Fhod3FH1/FH2 domain-containing protein 3; May play a role in actin filament polymerization in cardiomyocytes (By similarity). Actin-organizing protein that may cause stress fiber formation together with cell elongation; Belongs to the formin homology family. (1578 aa)
Myl12bMyosin regulatory light chain 12B; Myosin regulatory subunit that plays an important role in regulation of both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cell contractile activity via its phosphorylation. Phosphorylation triggers actin polymerization in vascular smooth muscle. Implicated in cytokinesis, receptor capping, and cell locomotion. (172 aa)
Fermt2Fermitin family homolog 2; Scaffolding protein that enhances integrin activation mediated by TLN1 and/or TLN2, but activates integrins only weakly by itself. Binds to membranes enriched in phosphoinositides. Enhances integrin-mediated cell adhesion onto the extracellular matrix and cell spreading; this requires both its ability to interact with integrins and with phospholipid membranes. Required for the assembly of focal adhesions. Participates in the connection between extracellular matrix adhesion sites and the actin cytoskeleton and also in the orchestration of actin assembly and ce [...] (680 aa)
Pdlim7PDZ and LIM domain protein 7; May function as a scaffold on which the coordinated assembly of proteins can occur. May play a role as an adapter that, via its PDZ domain, localizes LIM-binding proteins to actin filaments of both skeletal muscle and nonmuscle tissues. Involved in both of the two fundamental mechanisms of bone formation, direct bone formation (e.g. embryonic flat bones mandible and cranium), and endochondral bone formation (e.g. embryonic long bone development). Plays a role during fracture repair. Involved in BMP6 signaling pathway (By similarity). (457 aa)
PygmGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle form; Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties. (842 aa)
Syne2Nesprin-2; Multi-isomeric modular protein which forms a linking network between organelles and the actin cytoskeleton to maintain the subcellular spatial organization. As a component of the LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex involved in the connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton. The nucleocytoplasmic interactions established by the LINC complex play an important role in the transmission of mechanical forces across the nuclear envelope and in nuclear movement and positioning. Specifically, SYNE2 and SUN2 assemble in arrays of transmembrane acti [...] (6874 aa)
NebNebulin. (7152 aa)
Calm2Calmodulin 2. (149 aa)
Cmya5Cardiomyopathy-associated protein 5; May serve as an anchoring protein that mediates the subcellular compartmentation of protein kinase A (PKA) via binding to PRKAR2A. May attenuate calcineurin ability to induce slow-fiber gene program in muscle and may negatively modulate skeletal muscle regeneration. Plays a role in the assembly of ryanodine receptor (RYR2) clusters in striated muscle. (3676 aa)
Akap4A-kinase anchor protein 4; Major structural component of sperm fibrous sheath. Plays a role in sperm motility. (849 aa)
Scn3bSodium channel subunit beta-3; Modulates channel gating kinetics. Causes unique persistent sodium currents. Inactivates the sodium channel opening more slowly than the subunit beta-1. Its association with NFASC may target the sodium channels to the nodes of Ranvier of developing axons and retain these channels at the nodes in mature myelinated axons (By similarity). (215 aa)
AbraActin-binding Rho-activating protein; Acts as an activator of serum response factor (SRF)-dependent transcription possibly by inducing nuclear translocation of MKL1 or MKL2 and through a mechanism requiring Rho-actin signaling. (375 aa)
FlnbFilamin-B; Connects cell membrane constituents to the actin cytoskeleton. May promote orthogonal branching of actin filaments and links actin filaments to membrane glycoproteins. Anchors various transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton (By similarity). Belongs to the filamin family. (2602 aa)
Kcne1Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1; Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits. Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex. Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. Assembled with KCNQ1/KVLQT1 is proposed to form the slowly activating delayed rectifier cardiac potassium (IKs) channel. The outward current reaches its steady state only after 50 seconds. Assembled with K [...] (129 aa)
Ppp3caSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform; Calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase which plays an essential role in the transduction of intracellular Ca(2+)-mediated signals. Many of the substrates contain a PxIxIT motif and/or a LxVP motif (By similarity). In response to increased Ca(2+) levels, dephosphorylates and activates phosphatase SSH1 which results in cofilin dephosphorylation (By similarity). In response to increased Ca(2+) levels following mitochondrial depolarization, dephosphorylates DNM1L inducing DNM1L translocation to t [...] (521 aa)
Kcna5Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes. Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, and possibly other family members as well [...] (602 aa)
S100a1Protein S100-A1; Probably acts as a Ca(2+) signal transducer. In response to an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels, binds calcium which triggers a conformational change. This conformational change allows interaction of S1001A with specific target proteins, such as TPR- containing proteins, and the modulation of their activity. (94 aa)
Smtnl2Smoothelin-like protein 2; Belongs to the smoothelin family. (456 aa)
Fbxl22F-box and leucine-rich protein 22; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Promotes ubiquitination of sarcomeric proteins alpha-actinin-2 (ACTN2) and filamin-C (FLNC) (By similarity). (236 aa)
Ankrd23Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 23; May be involved in the energy metabolism. Could be a molecular link between myofibrillar stretch-induced signaling pathways and muscle gene expression. (306 aa)
Pgm1Phosphoglucomutase-1; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose; Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family. (562 aa)
Lmod1Leiomodin-1; Mediates nucleation of actin filaments. (595 aa)
Trim32E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM32; Has an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Ubiquitinates DTNBP1 (dysbindin). May ubiquitinate BBS2 (By similarity). Ubiquitinates PIAS4/PIASY and promotes its degradation in keratinocytes treated with UVB and TNF-alpha. (655 aa)
Grin2bGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. In concert with DAPK1 at extrasynaptic sites, acts as a central mediator for stroke damage. [...] (1482 aa)
Myoz3Myozenin-3; Myozenins may serve as intracellular binding proteins involved in linking Z line proteins such as alpha-actinin, gamma- filamin, TCAP/telethonin, LDB3/ZASP and localizing calcineurin signaling to the sarcomere. Plays an important role in the modulation of calcineurin signaling. May play a role in myofibrillogenesis. (245 aa)
FlncFilamin-C; Muscle-specific filamin, which plays a central role in muscle cells, probably by functioning as a large actin-cross-linking protein. May be involved in reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton in response to signaling events, and may also display structural functions at the Z lines in muscle cells. Critical for normal myogenesis and for maintaining the structural integrity of the muscle fibers. (2726 aa)
Pdlim1PDZ and LIM domain protein 1; Cytoskeletal protein that may act as an adapter that brings other proteins (like kinases) to the cytoskeleton (By similarity). Involved in assembly, disassembly and directioning of stress fibers in fibroblasts. Required for the localization of ACTN1 and PALLD to stress fibers. Required for cell migration and in maintaining cell polarity of fibroblasts (By similarity). (327 aa)
Actn4Alpha-actinin-4; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein. Probably involved in vesicular trafficking via its association with the CART complex. The CART complex is necessary for efficient transferrin receptor recycling but not for EGFR degradation (By similarity). Involved in tight junction assembly in epithelial cells probably through interaction with MICALL2. Links MICALL2 to the actin cytoskeleton and recruits it to the tight junctions. May also function as a transcriptional coactivator, stim [...] (912 aa)
Glrx3Glutaredoxin-3; Together with BOLA2, acts as a cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly factor that facilitates [2Fe-2S] cluster insertion into a subset of cytosolic proteins (By similarity). Acts as a critical negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and a positive inotropic regulator. Required for hemoglobin maturation. Does not possess any thyoredoxin activity since it lacks the conserved motif that is essential for catalytic activity (By similarity). (337 aa)
Actn2Alpha-actinin-2; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein (By similarity). (894 aa)
Ak1Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1; Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. Also possesses broad nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. Plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and in adenine nucleotide metabolism (By similarity). May provide a mechanism to buffer the adenylate energy charge for sperm motility. (210 aa)
Ppp1r12aProtein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A; Key regulator of protein phosphatase 1C (PPP1C). Mediates binding to myosin. As part of the PPP1C complex, involved in dephosphorylation of PLK1. Capable of inhibiting HIF1AN-dependent suppression of HIF1A activity (By similarity). (1004 aa)
Tmod2Tropomodulin-2; Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end. The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton (By similarity). (351 aa)
Grk3Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2; Specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and closely related receptors. (688 aa)
Ppp2r5aSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform; The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment; Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B56 family. (486 aa)
Actg1Actin, cytoplasmic 2, N-terminally processed; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (375 aa)
Tnnt1Troponin T, slow skeletal muscle; Troponin T is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (262 aa)
Rpl760S ribosomal protein L7; Component of the large ribosomal subunit (By similarity). Binds to G-rich structures in 28S rRNA and in mRNAs. Plays a regulatory role in the translation apparatus; inhibits cell-free translation of mRNAs (By similarity); Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL30 family. (270 aa)
Tmod3Tropomodulin-3; Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end. The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton (By similarity); Belongs to the tropomodulin family. (352 aa)
Myod1Myoblast determination protein 1; Acts as a transcriptional activator that promotes transcription of muscle-specific target genes and plays a role in muscle differentiation. Together with MYF5 and MYOG, co-occupies muscle-specific gene promoter core region during myogenesis. Induces fibroblasts to differentiate into myoblasts. Interacts with and is inhibited by the twist protein. This interaction probably involves the basic domains of both proteins. (318 aa)
Myom1Myomesin-1; May link the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to the M-disk of the myofibrils in striated muscle. May also contact myosin filaments. Also binds beta-integrins. (1667 aa)
PlecPlectin; Interlinks intermediate filaments with microtubules and microfilaments and anchors intermediate filaments to desmosomes or hemidesmosomes. May be involved not only in the cross-linking and stabilization of cytoskeletal intermediate filaments network, but also in the regulation of their dynamics; Belongs to the plakin or cytolinker family. (4691 aa)
NrapNebulin-related-anchoring protein; May be involved in anchoring the terminal actin filaments in the myofibril to the membrane and in transmitting tension from the myofibrils to the extracellular matrix. (1728 aa)
Lrrc10Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 10; May play important roles in cardiac development and/or cardiac function. (274 aa)
SynmSynemin; Type-VI intermediate filament (IF) which plays an important cytoskeletal role within the muscle cell cytoskeleton. It forms heteropolymeric IFs with desmin and/or vimentin, and via its interaction with cytoskeletal proteins alpha-dystrobrevin, dystrophin, talin-1, utrophin and vinculin, is able to link these heteropolymeric IFs to adherens-type junctions, such as to the costameres, neuromuscular junctions, and myotendinous junctions within striated muscle cells (By similarity). (1561 aa)
Cav3Caveolin-3; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity. May also regulate voltage-gated potassium channels. Plays a role in the sarcolemma repair mechanism of both skeletal muscle and cardiomyocytes that permits rapid resealing of membranes disrupted by mechanical stress. Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN2 and CAVIN3 proteins to the caveolae (By similarity); Belongs to the caveolin family. (151 aa)
Cfl2Cofilin-2; Controls reversibly actin polymerization and depolymerization in a pH-sensitive manner. It has the ability to bind G- and F-actin in a 1:1 ratio of cofilin to actin. It is the major component of intranuclear and cytoplasmic actin rods. Required for muscle maintenance. May play a role during the exchange of alpha-actin forms during the early postnatal remodeling of the sarcomere. (166 aa)
Homer1Homer protein homolog 1; Postsynaptic density scaffolding protein. Binds and cross- links cytoplasmic regions of GRM1, GRM5, ITPR1, DNM3, RYR1, RYR2, SHANK1 and SHANK3. By physically linking GRM1 and GRM5 with ER- associated ITPR1 receptors, it aids the coupling of surface receptors to intracellular calcium release. May also couple GRM1 to PI3 kinase through its interaction with AGAP2. Isoform 1 regulates the trafficking and surface expression of GRM5. Differentially regulates the functions of the calcium activated channel ryanodine receptors RYR1 and RYR2. Isoform 1 decreases the acti [...] (370 aa)
Myl3Myosin light chain 3; Regulatory light chain of myosin. Does not bind calcium. (204 aa)
Rpl1560S ribosomal protein L15; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL15 family. (204 aa)
Myh6Myosin-6; Muscle contraction. (1938 aa)
Scn8aSodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. In macrophages, isoform 5 may participate in the control of podosome and invadopodia formation. (1978 aa)
HrcHistidine-rich calcium-binding protein. (738 aa)
Myo18bMyosin XVIIIb; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (2605 aa)
AldoaFructose-bisphosphate aldolase A; Plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein (By similarity). Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family. (418 aa)
Myl9Myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9; Myosin regulatory subunit that plays an important role in regulation of both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cell contractile activity via its phosphorylation. Implicated in cytokinesis, receptor capping, and cell locomotion. (172 aa)
Actc1Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1, intermediate form; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells; Belongs to the actin family. (377 aa)
Myoz1Myozenin-1; Myozenins may serve as intracellular binding proteins involved in linking Z-disk proteins such as alpha-actinin, gamma- filamin, TCAP/telethonin, LDB3/ZASP and localizing calcineurin signaling to the sarcomere. Plays an important role in the modulation of calcineurin signaling. May play a role in myofibrillogenesis. (296 aa)
MybphlMyosin-binding protein H-like; Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. MyBP family. (355 aa)
Pde4dipMyomegalin; Functions as an anchor sequestering components of the cAMP- dependent pathway to Golgi and/or centrosomes (By similarity). (2463 aa)
AhnakAHNAK nucleoprotein (desmoyokin). (5656 aa)
Myh7bMyosin-7B; Involved in muscle contraction; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1941 aa)
Sco1Protein SCO1 homolog, mitochondrial; Copper metallochaperone essential for the maturation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MT-CO2/COX2). Not required for the synthesis of MT-CO2/COX2 but plays a crucial role in stabilizing MT- CO2/COX2 during its subsequent maturation. Involved in transporting copper to the Cu(A) site on MT-CO2/COX2 (By similarity). Plays an important role in the regulation of copper homeostasis by controlling the abundance and cell membrane localization of copper transporter CTR1 ; Belongs to the SCO1/2 family. (284 aa)
MyzapMyocardial zonula adherens protein; Plays a role in cellular signaling via Rho-related GTP- binding proteins and activation of transcription factor SRF. Targets TJP1 to cell junctions (By similarity). In cortical neurons, may play a role in glutaminergic signal transduction through interaction with the NMDA receptor subunit GRIN1 (By similarity). (466 aa)
MypnMyopalladin; Component of the sarcomere that tethers together nebulin (skeletal muscle) and nebulette (cardiac muscle) to alpha-actinin, at the Z lines. (1315 aa)
Lmod3Leiomodin-3; Essential for the organization of sarcomeric actin thin filaments in skeletal muscle. Increases the rate of actin polymerization (By similarity). Belongs to the tropomodulin family. (571 aa)
3425401B19RikCardiac-enriched FHL2-interacting protein; Plays an important role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway. (1412 aa)
Csrp1Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1; Could play a role in neuronal development. (193 aa)
SynpoSynaptopodin; Actin-associated protein that may play a role in modulating actin-based shape and motility of dendritic spines and renal podocyte foot processes. Seems to be essential for the formation of spine apparatuses in spines of telencephalic neurons, which is involved in synaptic plasticity. (901 aa)
Hdac4Histone deacetylase 4; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Involved in muscle maturation via its interaction with the myocyte enhancer factors such as MEF2A, MEF2C and MEF2D. Deacetylates HSPA1A and HSPA1A at 'Lys-77' leading to their preferential binding to co-ch [...] (1076 aa)
Klhl40Kelch-like protein 40; Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that acts as a key regulator of skeletal muscle development. The BCR(KLHL40) complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of TFDP1, thereby regulating the activity of the E2F:DP transcription factor complex. Promotes stabilization of LMOD3 by acting as a negative regulator of LMOD3 ubiquitination; the molecular process by which it negatively regulates ubiquitination of LMOD3 is however unclear. (621 aa)
Tnni3Troponin I, cardiac muscle; Troponin I is the inhibitory subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (211 aa)
Klhl41Kelch-like protein 41; Involved in skeletal muscle development and differentiation. Regulates proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts and plays a role in myofibril assembly by promoting lateral fusion of adjacent thin fibrils into mature, wide myofibrils. Required for pseudopod elongation in transformed cells. (606 aa)
Abcc9ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9; Subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP). Can form cardiac and smooth muscle-type KATP channels with KCNJ11. KCNJ11 forms the channel pore while ABCC9 is required for activation and regulation. (1546 aa)
Psen1Presenilin-1 CTF subunit; Catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Requires the presence of the other members of the gamma-secretase complex for protease activity (By similarity). Plays a role in Notch and Wnt signaling cascades and regulation of downstream processes via its role in processing key regulatory proteins, and by regulating cytosolic CTNNB1 levels. Stimulates cell-cell adhesion via its interaction with CD [...] (467 aa)
Tnnc2Troponin C, skeletal muscle; Troponin is the central regulatory protein of striated muscle contraction. Tn consists of three components: Tn-I which is the inhibitor of actomyosin ATPase, Tn-T which contains the binding site for tropomyosin and Tn-C. The binding of calcium to Tn-C abolishes the inhibitory action of Tn on actin filaments. (160 aa)
Nbr1Next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein; Acts probably as a receptor for selective autophagosomal degradation of ubiquitinated targets. (988 aa)
Tjp1Tight junction protein ZO-1; Tjp1, TjpP2, and Tjp3 are closely related scaffolding proteins that link tight junction (TJ) transmembrane proteins such as claudins, junctional adhesion molecules, and occludin to the actin cytoskeleton (By similarity). The tight junction acts to limit movement of substances through the paracellular space and as a boundary between the compositionally distinct apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains of epithelial and endothelial cells. Necessary for lumenogenesis, and particularly efficient epithelial polarization and barrier formation (By similarity [...] (1745 aa)
SyncSyncoilin; Atypical type III intermediate filament (IF) protein that may play a supportive role in the efficient coupling of mechanical stress between the myofibril and fiber exterior. May facilitate lateral force transmission during skeletal muscle contraction. Does not form homofilaments nor heterofilaments with other IF proteins. (470 aa)
Sqstm1Sequestosome-1; Autophagy receptor required for selective macroautophagy (aggrephagy). Functions as a bridge between polyubiquitinated cargo and autophagosomes. Interacts directly with both the cargo to become degraded and an autophagy modifier of the MAP1 LC3 family. Required both for the formation and autophagic degradation of polyubiquitin- containing bodies, called ALIS (aggresome-like induced structures) and links ALIS to the autophagic machinery. Involved in midbody ring degradation (By similarity). May regulate the activation of NFKB1 by TNF-alpha, nerve growth factor (NGF) and [...] (442 aa)
Myl7Myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform. (175 aa)
Myom3Myomesin-3; May link the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to the M-disk of the myofibrils in striated muscle. (1439 aa)
Trim63E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM63; E3 ubiquitin ligase. Mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CKM, GMEB1 and HIBADH. Regulates the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins under amino acid starvation, where muscle protein is catabolized to provide other organs with amino acids. Inhibits de novo skeletal muscle protein synthesis under amino acid starvation. Regulates proteasomal degradation of cardiac troponin I/TNNI3 and probably of other sarcomeric-associated proteins. May play a role in striated muscle atrophy and hypertrophy by regulating an anti-h [...] (355 aa)
Synpo2Synaptopodin-2; Has an actin-binding and actin-bundling activity. Can induce the formation of F-actin networks. At the sarcomeric Z lines is proposed to act as adapter protein that links nascent myofibers to the sarcolemma via ZYX and may play a role in early assembly and stabilization of the Z lines. Involved in autophagosome formation. May play a role in chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) involved in Z lines maintenance in striated muscle under mechanical tension; may link the client-processing CASA chaperone machinery to a membrane-tethering and fusion complex providing a [...] (1257 aa)
Pde4bPhosphodiesterase. (721 aa)
Myl4Myosin light chain 4; Regulatory light chain of myosin. Does not bind calcium. (193 aa)
Tmod4Tropomodulin-4; Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end. The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton (By similarity). (345 aa)
Tmod1Tropomodulin-1; Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end. The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton (By similarity); Belongs to the tropomodulin family. (359 aa)
Tpm2Tropomyosin beta chain; Binds to actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells. Plays a central role, in association with the troponin complex, in the calcium dependent regulation of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by interaction with caldesmon. In non-muscle cells is implicated in stabilizing cytoskeleton actin filaments. The non-muscle isoform may have a role in agonist-mediated receptor internalization. Belongs to the tropomyosin family. (284 aa)
Fhl5Four and a half LIM domains protein 5; May be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Stimulates CREM transcriptional activity in a phosphorylation- independent manner (By similarity). (284 aa)
Calm1Calmodulin-1; Belongs to the calmodulin family. (197 aa)
Lman1Protein ERGIC-53; Mannose-specific lectin. May recognize sugar residues of glycoproteins, glycolipids, or glycosylphosphatidyl inositol anchors and may be involved in the sorting or recycling of proteins, lipids, or both. The LMAN1-MCFD2 complex forms a specific cargo receptor for the ER-to-Golgi transport of selected proteins (By similarity). (517 aa)
Ankrd1Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 1; May play an important role in endothelial cell activation. May act as a nuclear transcription factor that negatively regulates the expression of cardiac genes. (319 aa)
Rpl1760S ribosomal protein L17; Component of the large ribosomal subunit. Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family. (184 aa)
Gm49909Predicted gene, 49909. (172 aa)
Sco2Protein SCO2 homolog, mitochondrial; Copper metallochaperone essential for the synthesis and maturation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MT-CO2/COX2). Involved in transporting copper to the Cu(A) site on MT-CO2/COX2. Also acts as a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase to regulate the redox state of the cysteines in SCO1 during maturation of MT-CO2/COX2. Belongs to the SCO1/2 family. (255 aa)
Myh11Myosin-11; Muscle contraction; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1938 aa)
CryabAlpha-crystallin B chain; May contribute to the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Has chaperone-like activity, preventing aggregation of various proteins under a wide range of stress conditions. (175 aa)
Ryr3Ryanodine receptor 3; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm in muscle and thereby plays a role in triggering muscle contraction. May regulate Ca(2+) release by other calcium channels. Calcium channel that mediates Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum in non-muscle cells. Plays a role in cellular calcium signaling. Contributes to cellular calcium ion homeostasis. Isoform 2 lacks a predicted transmembrane segment and does not form functional calcium channels by itself; however, it can form tetramers [...] (4868 aa)
Kcnj8ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8; This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by external barium (By similarity). Belon [...] (424 aa)
Mef2cMyocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C; Transcription activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element present in the regulatory regions of many muscle-specific genes. Controls cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis, and is also involved in vascular development. Enhances transcriptional activation mediated by SOX18. May also be involved in neurogenesis and in the development of cortical architecture. Isoforms that lack the repressor domain are more active than isoform 1 (By similarity). Plays an essential role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by suppressing the number of e [...] (474 aa)
Pdlim5PDZ and LIM domain protein 5. (614 aa)
Dag1Alpha-dystroglycan; The dystroglycan complex is involved in a number of processes including laminin and basement membrane assembly, sacrolemmal stability, cell survival, peripheral nerve myelination, nodal structure, cell migration, and epithelial polarization. Beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein that plays important roles in connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Acts as a cell adhesion receptor in both muscle and non- muscle tissues. Receptor for both DMD and UTRN and, through these interactions, scaffolds axin to the cytoskeleton. Also functions in cell ad [...] (893 aa)
Dusp27Inactive dual specificity phosphatase 27; May be required for myofiber maturation. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (1138 aa)
Tnnt2Troponin T, cardiac muscle; Troponin T is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (302 aa)
SmpxSmall muscular protein; Plays a role in the regulatory network through which muscle cells coordinate their structural and functional states during growth, adaptation, and repair; Belongs to the SMPX family. (85 aa)
Trpc1Short transient receptor potential channel 1; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Seems to be also activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. (809 aa)
Kcnn2Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2; Forms a voltage-independent potassium channel activated by intracellular calcium. Activation is followed by membrane hyperpolarization. Thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic afterhyperpolarization. The channel is blocked by apamin; Belongs to the potassium channel KCNN family. KCa2.2/KCNN2 subfamily. (574 aa)
Ank2Ankyrin-2; Plays an essential role in the localization and membrane stabilization of ion transporters and ion channels in several cell types, including cardiomyocytes, as well as in striated muscle cells. In skeletal muscle, required for proper localization of DMD and DCTN4 and for the formation and/or stability of a special subset of microtubules associated with costameres and neuromuscular junctions. In cardiomyocytes, required for coordinate assembly of Na/Ca exchanger, SLC8A1/NCX1, Na/K ATPases ATP1A1 and ATP1A2 and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors at sarcoplasmic ret [...] (3900 aa)
Ank3Ankyrin-3; Membrane-cytoskeleton linker. May participate in the maintenance/targeting of ion channels and cell adhesion molecules at the nodes of Ranvier and axonal initial segments (By similarity). In skeletal muscle, required for costamere localization of DMD and betaDAG1. Regulates KCNA1 channel activity in function of dietary Mg(2+) levels, and thereby contributes to the regulation of renal Mg(2+) reabsorption. (1961 aa)
DstDystonin; Cytoskeletal linker protein. Acts as an integrator of intermediate filaments, actin and microtubule cytoskeleton networks. Required for anchoring either intermediate filaments to the actin cytoskeleton in neural and muscle cells or keratin-containing intermediate filaments to hemidesmosomes in epithelial cells. The proteins may self-aggregate to form filaments or a two-dimensional mesh. Regulates the organization and stability of the microtubule network of sensory neurons to allow axonal transport. Mediates docking of the dynein/dynactin motor complex to vesicle cargos for re [...] (7717 aa)
Ryr1Ryanodine receptor 1; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering muscle contraction following depolarization of T-tubules. Repeated very high-level exercise increases the open probability of the channel and leads to Ca(2+) leaking into the cytoplasm. Can also mediate the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in neurons, and may thereby promote prolonged Ca(2+) signaling in the brain. Required for normal embryonic development of muscle fibers and skeletal muscle. Required for nor [...] (5035 aa)
Kbtbd13Kelch repeat and BTB domain-containing protein 13; Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (458 aa)
Tnnt3Troponin T, fast skeletal muscle; Troponin T is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (272 aa)
Slc8a1Sodium/calcium exchanger 1; Mediates the exchange of one Ca(2+) ion against three to four Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes. Contributes to Ca(2+) transport during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle. In a first phase, voltage- gated channels mediate the rapid increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels due to release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum. SLC8A1 mediates the export of Ca(2+) from the cell during the next phase, so that cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels r [...] (970 aa)
Tnnc1Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles; Troponin is the central regulatory protein of striated muscle contraction. Tn consists of three components: Tn-I which is the inhibitor of actomyosin ATPase, Tn-T which contains the binding site for tropomyosin and Tn-C. The binding of calcium to Tn-C abolishes the inhibitory action of Tn on actin filaments. (161 aa)
Ppp1r12bProtein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B; Regulates myosin phosphatase activity. Augments Ca(2+) sensitivity of the contractile apparatus (By similarity). (992 aa)
Igfn1Immunoglobulin-like and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 1. (2849 aa)
Myh2Myosin, heavy polypeptide 2, skeletal muscle, adult; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1942 aa)
Csrp3Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3; Positive regulator of myogenesis. Acts as cofactor for myogenic bHLH transcription factors such as MYOD1, and probably MYOG and MYF6. Enhances the DNA-binding activity of the MYOD1:TCF3 isoform E47 complex and may promote formation of a functional MYOD1:TCF3 isoform E47:MEF2A complex involved in myogenesis (By similarity). Plays a crucial and specific role in the organization of cytosolic structures in cardiomyocytes. Could play a role in mechanical stretch sensing. May be a scaffold protein that promotes the assembly of interacting proteins at Z-li [...] (194 aa)
Kctd6BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD6; Probable substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Promotes the ubiquitination of HDAC1; the function seems to depend on KCTD11:KCTD6 oligomerization. Can function as antagonist of the Hedgehog pathway by affecting the nuclear transfer of transcription factor GLI1; the function probably occurs via HDAC1 down-regulation, keeping GLI1 acetylated and inactive. Inhibits cell growth and tumorigenicity of medulloblastom [...] (237 aa)
Sorbs2Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 2; Adapter protein that plays a role in the assembling of signaling complexes, being a link between ABL kinases and actin cytoskeleton. Can form complex with ABL1 and CBL, thus promoting ubiquitination and degradation of ABL1 (By similarity). May play a role in the regulation of pancreatic cell adhesion, possibly by acting on WASF1 phosphorylation, enhancing phosphorylation by ABL1, as well as dephosphorylation by PTPN12 (By similarity). (1214 aa)
Mybpc3Myosin-binding protein C, cardiac-type; Thick filament-associated protein located in the crossbridge region of vertebrate striated muscle a bands. In vitro it binds MHC, F- actin and native thin filaments, and modifies the activity of actin- activated myosin ATPase. It may modulate muscle contraction or may play a more structural role; Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. MyBP family. (1278 aa)
Myh7Myosin-7; Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity essential for muscle contraction. Forms regular bipolar thick filaments that, together with actin thin filaments, constitute the fundamental contractile unit of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1935 aa)
Ggps1Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase; Catalyzes the trans-addition of the three molecules of IPP onto DMAPP to form geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, an important precursor of carotenoids and geranylated proteins; Belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family. (300 aa)
Arf1ADP-ribosylation factor 1; GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking among different compartments. Modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi complex. Deactivation induces the redistribution of the entire Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting a crucial role in protein trafficking. In its GTP-bound form, its triggers the association with coat proteins with the Golgi membrane. The hydrolysis of ARF1-bound GTP, which is mediated by ARFGAPs proteins, is required for dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi membranes and vesicles. The GTP-bound form [...] (181 aa)
Mtm1Myotubularin; Lipid phosphatase which dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P) and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2). Has also been shown to dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine- and phosphoserine-containing peptides. Negatively regulates EGFR degradation through regulation of EGFR trafficking from the late endosome to the lysosome. Plays a role in vacuolar formation and morphology (By similarity). Regulates desmin intermediate filament assembly and architecture. Plays a role in mitochondrial morphology and positioning. Required for skeletal muscle mainte [...] (603 aa)
Ppp3cbSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform; Calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase which plays an essential role in the transduction of intracellular Ca(2+)-mediated signals. Dephosphorylates and activates transcription factor NFATC1. Dephosphorylates and inactivates transcription factor ELK1. Dephosphorylates DARPP32; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2B subfamily. (525 aa)
Nos1apCarboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein; Adapter protein involved in neuronal nitric-oxide (NO) synthesis regulation via its association with nNOS/NOS1. The complex formed with NOS1 and synapsins is necessary for specific NO and synapsin functions at a presynaptic level. Mediates an indirect interaction between NOS1 and RASD1 leading to enhance the ability of NOS1 to activate RASD1. Competes with DLG4 for interaction with NOS1, possibly affecting NOS1 activity by regulating the interaction between NOS1 and DLG4 (By similarity). (503 aa)
SphkapA-kinase anchor protein SPHKAP; Anchoring protein that binds preferentially to the type I regulatory subunit of c-AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA type I) and targets it to distinct subcellular compartments. May act as a converging factor linking cAMP and sphingosine signaling pathways. Plays a regulatory role in the modulation of SPHK1 (By similarity). (1658 aa)
Adra1aAlpha-1A adrenergic receptor; This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes (By similarity). (466 aa)
Ablim2Actin-binding LIM protein 2; May act as scaffold protein. May stimulate ABRA activity and ABRA-dependent SRF transcriptional activity. (664 aa)
Tnni1Troponin I, slow skeletal muscle; Troponin I is the inhibitory subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (187 aa)
Myl12aMyosin, light chain 12A, regulatory, non-sarcomeric. (172 aa)
Tnni2Troponin I, fast skeletal muscle; Troponin I is the inhibitory subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (182 aa)
Sptan1Spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1; Fodrin, which seems to be involved in secretion, interacts with calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner and is thus candidate for the calcium-dependent movement of the cytoskeleton at the membrane. (2498 aa)
Nos1Nitric oxide synthase, brain; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter. Probably has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such SRR. Isoform NNOS Mu may be an effector enzyme for the dystrophin complex. (1429 aa)
Atp2b4Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4; Calcium/calmodulin-regulated and magnesium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium out of the cell (By similarity). By regulating sperm cell calcium homeostasis, may play a role in sperm motility ; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIB subfamily. (1205 aa)
SriSorcin; Calcium-binding protein that modulates excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Contributes to calcium homeostasis in the heart sarcoplasmic reticulum. Modulates the activity of RYR2 calcium channels. (198 aa)
SlmapSarcolemmal membrane-associated protein; May play a role during myoblast fusion. (845 aa)
Myh1Myosin-1; Muscle contraction. (1942 aa)
Pdlim2PDZ and LIM domain protein 2; Probable adapter protein located at the actin cytoskeleton that promotes cell attachment. Necessary for the migratory capacity of epithelial cells. Overexpression enhances cell adhesion to collagen and fibronectin and suppresses anchorage independent growth. May contribute to tumor cell migratory capacity (By similarity). (349 aa)
Rtl1Retrotransposon-like protein 1; Plays an essential role in capillaries endothelial cells for the maintenance of feto-maternal interface and for development of the placenta. (1744 aa)
SvilSupervillin; [Isoform 1]: Forms a high-affinity link between the actin cytoskeleton and the membrane. Is among the first costameric proteins to assemble during myogenesis and it contributes to myogenic membrane structure and differentiation. Appears to be involved in myosin II assembly. May modulate myosin II regulation through MLCK during cell spreading, an initial step in cell migration. May play a role in invadopodial function. (2170 aa)
Simc1SUMO-interacting motifs-containing 1. (1354 aa)
Ank1Ankyrin-1; Attaches integral membrane proteins to cytoskeletal elements; binds to the erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2, to Na-K ATPase, to the lymphocyte membrane protein GP85, and to the cytoskeletal proteins fodrin, tubulin, vimentin and desmin. Erythrocyte ankyrins also link spectrin (beta chain) to the cytoplasmic domain of the erythrocytes anion exchange protein; they retain most or all of these binding functions. In skeletal muscle, isoform Mu7 together with obscurin may provide a molecular link between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils. (1907 aa)
Pde4dcAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D; Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes; Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. PDE4 subfamily. (747 aa)
Scn5aSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha; This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) channel isoform. This channel is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential. Channel inactivation is regulated by intracellular calcium levels (By similarity). Belongs to [...] (2020 aa)
Synpo2lSynaptopodin 2-like protein; Actin-associated protein that may play a role in modulating actin-based shape; Belongs to the synaptopodin family. (978 aa)
PalldPalladin; Cytoskeletal protein required for organization of normal actin cytoskeleton. Roles in establishing cell morphology, motility, cell adhesion and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in a variety of cell types. May function as a scaffolding molecule with the potential to influence both actin polymerization and the assembly of existing actin filaments into higher-order arrays. Binds to proteins that bind to either monomeric or filamentous actin. Localizes at sites where active actin remodeling takes place, such as lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. Different isoforms may have [...] (1408 aa)
FlnaFilamin-A; Actin binding protein that promotes orthogonal branching of actin filaments and links actin filaments to membrane glycoproteins. Anchors various transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and serves as a scaffold for a wide range of cytoplasmic signaling proteins (By similarity). Interaction with FLNB may allow neuroblast migration from the ventricular zone into the cortical plate. Tethers cell surface-localized furin, modulates its rate of internalization and directs its intracellular trafficking. Involved in ciliogenesis. Plays a role in cell-cell contacts and adhere [...] (2639 aa)
DmdDystrophin; Anchors the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via F- actin. Ligand for dystroglycan. Component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex which accumulates at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and at a variety of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems and has a structural function in stabilizing the sarcolemma. Also implicated in signaling events and synaptic transmission. (3678 aa)
Tpm1Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain; Binds to actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells. Plays a central role, in association with the troponin complex, in the calcium dependent regulation of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by interaction with caldesmon. In non-muscle cells is implicated in stabilizing cytoskeleton actin filaments. (284 aa)
Cab39Calcium-binding protein 39; Component of a complex that binds and activates STK11/LKB1. In the complex, required to stabilize the interaction between CAB39/MO25 (CAB39/MO25alpha or CAB39L/MO25beta) and STK11/LKB1 (By similarity). (341 aa)
Prickle4Prickle planar cell polarity protein 4. (369 aa)
Cacna1cVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C; Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm (By similarity). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm. Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via [...] (2222 aa)
Scn1aSodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Plays a key role in brain, probably by regulating the moment when neurotransmitters are released in neurons. Involved in sensory perception of mechanical pain: activation in somatosensory neurons induces pain without neurogenic inflammatio [...] (2009 aa)
Cacna1dVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1D gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, and by benzothiazepines. (2166 aa)
Cacna1sVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S; Pore-forming, alpha-1S subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents in skeletal muscle. Calcium channels containing the alpha-1S subunit play an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle via their interaction with RYR1, which triggers Ca(2+) release from the sarcplasmic reticulum and ultimately results in muscle contraction. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. (1852 aa)
TtnTitin; Key component in the assembly and functioning of vertebrate striated muscles. By providing connections at the level of individual microfilaments, it contributes to the fine balance of forces between the two halves of the sarcomere. The size and extensibility of the cross-links are the main determinants of sarcomere extensibility properties of muscle. In non-muscle cells, seems to play a role in chromosome condensation and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Might link the lamina network to chromatin or nuclear actin, or both during interphase. (32000 aa)
Myl2Myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform; Contractile protein that plays a role in heart development and function. Following phosphorylation, plays a role in cross-bridge cycling kinetics and cardiac muscle contraction by increasing myosin lever arm stiffness and promoting myosin head diffusion; as a consequence of the increase in maximum contraction force and calcium sensitivity of contraction force. These events altogether slow down myosin kinetics and prolong duty cycle resulting in accumulated myosins being cooperatively recruited to actin binding sites t [...] (166 aa)
Psen2Presenilin-2 CTF subunit; Probable catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Requires the other members of the gamma- secretase complex to have a protease activity. May play a role in intracellular signaling and gene expression or in linking chromatin to the nuclear membrane. May function in the cytoplasmic partitioning of proteins (By similarity). The holoprotein functions as a calcium-leak channel that allows the pa [...] (448 aa)
Myh3Myosin-3; Muscle contraction. (1940 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
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