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| | Tsc1 | Hamartin; In complex with TSC2, inhibits the nutrient-mediated or growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 by negatively regulating mTORC1 signaling (By similarity). Implicated as a tumor suppressor. Involved in microtubule-mediated protein transport, but this seems to be due to unregulated mTOR signaling. Acts as a co-chaperone for HSP90AA1 facilitating HSP90AA1 chaperoning of protein clients such as kinases, TSC2 and glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1. Increases ATP binding to HSP90AA1 and inhibits HSP90AA1 ATPase activity. Competes with the activating co-chaperone AH [...] (1161 aa) |
| | Traf2 | TNF receptor-associated factor 2; Regulates activation of NF-kappa-B and JNK and plays a central role in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Has E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promotes 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of target proteins, such as BIRC3, RIPK1 and TICAM1. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, where it promotes the ubiquitination of target proteins by bringing them into contact with other E3 ubiquitin ligases. Regulates BIRC2 and BIRC3 protein levels [...] (508 aa) |
| | Snca | Alpha-synuclein; Neuronal protein that plays several roles in synaptic activity such as regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release. Participates as a monomer in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by enhancing vesicle priming, fusion and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, acts by increasing local Ca(2+) release from microdomains which is essential for the enhancement of ATP-induced exocytosis. Acts also as a molecular chaperone in its multimeric membrane-bound state, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components called SNAREs [...] (140 aa) |
| | Timp1 | Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1; Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16. Does not act on MMP14 (By similarity). Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1. Plays a role in integrin signaling; Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 [...] (205 aa) |
| | Rbm10 | RNA-binding protein 10; Not known. Binds to RNA homopolymers, with a preference for poly(G) and poly(U) and little for poly(A) (By similarity). May bind to specific miRNA hairpins (By similarity). (930 aa) |
| | Eif4g1 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1; Component of the protein complex eIF4F, which is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of mRNA to the ribosome. (1600 aa) |
| | Zkscan3 | Zinc finger protein with KRAB and SCAN domains 3; Transcriptional factor that binds to the consensus sequence 5'-[GT][AG][AGT]GGGG-3' and acts as a repressor of autophagy. Specifically represses expression of genes involved in autophagy and lysosome biogenesis/function such as MAP1LC3B, ULK1 or WIPI2. Associates with chromatin at the ITGB4 and VEGF promoters (By similarity). (553 aa) |
| | Klhl22 | Kelch-like protein 22; Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex required for chromosome alignment and localization of PLK1 at kinetochores. The BCR(KLHL22) ubiquitin ligase complex mediates monoubiquitination of PLK1, leading to PLK1 dissociation from phosphoreceptor proteins and subsequent removal from kinetochores, allowing silencing of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and chromosome segregation. Monoubiquitination of PLK1 does not lead to PLK1 degradation (By similarity). The BCR(KLHL22) ubiquitin ligase complex is also responsible for the [...] (634 aa) |
| | Naf1 | H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex non-core subunit NAF1; RNA-binding protein required for the maturation of box H/ACA snoRNPs complex and ribosome biogenesis. During assembly of the H/ACA snoRNPs complex, it associates with the complex and disappears during maturation of the complex and is replaced by NOLA1/GAR1 to yield mature H/ACA snoRNPs complex. Probably competes with NOLA1/GAR1 for binding with DKC1/NOLA4 (By similarity). (597 aa) |
| | Tent4b | Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 4B; Terminal nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes preferentially the transfert of ATP and GTP on RNA 3' poly(A) tail creating a heterogeneous 3' poly(A) tail leading to mRNAs stabilization by protecting mRNAs from active deadenylation (By similarity). Also functions as a catalytic subunit of a TRAMP-like complex which has a poly(A) RNA polymerase activity and is involved in a post- transcriptional quality control mechanism. Polyadenylation with short oligo(A) tails is required for the degradative activity of the exosome on several of its nuclear RNA sub [...] (680 aa) |
| | Apoc3 | Apolipoprotein C-III; Component of triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma. Plays a multifaceted role in triglyceride homeostasis. Intracellularly, promotes hepatic very low density lipoprotein 1 (VLDL1) assembly and secretion; extracellularly, attenuates hydrolysis and clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). Impairs the lipolysis of TRLs by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and the hepatic uptake of TRLs by remnant receptors. Formed of several curved helices connected via semiflexible hinges, so that it can wrap tigh [...] (137 aa) |
| | Furin | Furin; Ubiquitous endoprotease within constitutive secretory pathways capable of cleavage at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif. Mediates processing of TGFB1, an essential step in TGF-beta-1 activation. Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. Furin subfamily. (793 aa) |
| | Trdmt1 | tRNA (cytosine(38)-C(5))-methyltransferase; Specifically methylates cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop of tRNA(Asp). (415 aa) |
| | Dbi | Acyl-CoA-binding protein; Binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters with very high affinity and may function as an intracellular carrier of acyl-CoA esters. It is also able to displace diazepam from the benzodiazepine (BZD) recognition site located on the GABA type A receptor. It is therefore possible that this protein also acts as a neuropeptide to modulate the action of the GABA receptor. (135 aa) |
| | Vegfa | Vascular endothelial growth factor A; Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. May play a role in increasing vascular permeability during lactation, when increased transport of molecules from the blood is required for efficient milk protein synthesis (By similarity). Binding to NRP1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor [...] (392 aa) |
| | Tbc1d14 | TBC1 domain family member 14; Plays a role in the regulation of starvation-induced autophagosome formation. Together with the TRAPPIII complex, regulates a constitutive trafficking step from peripheral recycling endosomes to the early Golgi, maintaining the cycling pool of ATG9 required for initiation of autophagy. (714 aa) |
| | Atp2b4 | Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4; Calcium/calmodulin-regulated and magnesium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium out of the cell (By similarity). By regulating sperm cell calcium homeostasis, may play a role in sperm motility ; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIB subfamily. (1205 aa) |
| | Becn1 | Beclin-1-C 35 kDa; Plays a central role in autophagy. Acts as core subunit of different PI3K complex forms that mediate formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 (By similarity). Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K comp [...] (448 aa) |
| | Stat3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interleukins, KITLG/SCF, LEP and other growth factors (By similarity). Once activated, recruits coactivators, such as NCOA1 or MED1, to the promoter region of the target gene (By similarity). May mediate cellular responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4 (By similarity). Binds to the interleukin-6 (IL-6)- responsive elements identified in the promoters of various acute-phase protein genes (By similarity). Activated by IL31 through IL31RA (By s [...] (770 aa) |
| | Srsf1 | Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1; Plays a role in preventing exon skipping, ensuring the accuracy of splicing and regulating alternative splicing. Interacts with other spliceosomal components, via the RS domains, to form a bridge between the 5'- and 3'-splice site binding components, U1 snRNP and U2AF. Can stimulate binding of U1 snRNP to a 5'-splice site- containing pre-mRNA. Binds to purine-rich RNA sequences, either the octamer, 5'-RGAAGAAC-3' (r=A or G) or the decamers, AGGACAGAGC/AGGACGAAGC. Binds preferentially to the 5'-CGAGGCG-3' motif in vitro. Three copies of the octame [...] (248 aa) |
| | Zcchc17 | Nucleolar protein of 40 kDa. (241 aa) |
| | Fhit | Bis(5'-adenosyl)-triphosphatase; Cleaves P(1)-P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate (Ap3A) to yield AMP and ADP. Can also hydrolyze P(1)-P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate (Ap4A), but has extremely low activity with ATP. Modulates transcriptional activation by CTNNB1 and thereby contributes to regulate the expression of genes essential for cell proliferation and survival, such as CCND1 and BIRC5. Plays a role in the induction of apoptosis via SRC and AKT1 signaling pathways. Inhibits MDM2-mediated proteasomal degradation of p53/TP53 and thereby plays a role in p53/TP53-mediated apoptosi [...] (213 aa) |
| | Usp7 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7; Hydrolase that deubiquitinates target proteins such as FOXO4, p53/TP53, MDM2, ERCC6, DNMT1, UHRF1, PTEN, KMT2E and DAXX. Together with DAXX, prevents MDM2 self-ubiquitination and enhances the E3 ligase activity of MDM2 towards p53/TP53, thereby promoting p53/TP53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Deubiquitinates p53/TP53, preventing degradation of p53/TP53, and enhances p53/TP53-dependent transcription regulation, cell growth repression and apoptosis. Deubiquitinates p53/TP53 and MDM2 and strongly stabilizes p53/TP53 even in the presen [...] (1103 aa) |
| | Hipk2 | Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in transcription regulation, p53/TP53-mediated cellular apoptosis and regulation of the cell cycle. Acts as a corepressor of several transcription factors, including SMAD1 and POU4F1/Brn3a and probably NK homeodomain transcription factors. Phosphorylates PDX1, ATF1, PML, p53/TP53, CREB1, CTBP1, CBX4, RUNX1, EP300, CTNNB1, HMGA1 and ZBTB4. Inhibits cell growth and promotes apoptosis through the activation of p53/TP53 both at the transcription level and at the protein level (by phosphorylation and indirect [...] (1196 aa) |
| | Eif4g2 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 2; Appears to play a role in the switch from cap-dependent to IRES-mediated translation during mitosis, apoptosis and viral infection. Cleaved by some caspases and viral proteases. (906 aa) |
| | Adra1a | Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor; This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes (By similarity). (466 aa) |
| | Slirp | SRA stem-loop-interacting RNA-binding protein, mitochondrial; RNA-binding protein that acts as a nuclear receptor corepressor. Probably acts by binding the SRA RNA, and repressing the SRA-mediated nuclear receptor coactivation. Binds the STR7 loop of SRA RNA. Also able to repress glucocorticoid (GR), androgen (AR), thyroid (TR) and VDR-mediated transactivation (By similarity). (112 aa) |
| | Mtm1 | Myotubularin; Lipid phosphatase which dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P) and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2). Has also been shown to dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine- and phosphoserine-containing peptides. Negatively regulates EGFR degradation through regulation of EGFR trafficking from the late endosome to the lysosome. Plays a role in vacuolar formation and morphology (By similarity). Regulates desmin intermediate filament assembly and architecture. Plays a role in mitochondrial morphology and positioning. Required for skeletal muscle mainte [...] (603 aa) |
| | Tent5d | Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5D. (390 aa) |
| | Wac | WW domain-containing adapter protein with coiled-coil; Acts as a linker between gene transcription and histone H2B monoubiquitination at 'Lys-120' (H2BK120ub1). Interacts with the RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery via its WW domain and with RNF20-RNF40 via its coiled coil region, thereby linking and regulating H2BK120ub1 and gene transcription. Regulates the cell-cycle checkpoint activation in response to DNA damage. Positive regulator of amino acid starvation-induced autophagy. Also acts as a negative regulator of basal autophagy. Positively regulates MTOR activity by promot [...] (646 aa) |
| | Hnrnpd | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0; Binds with high affinity to RNA molecules that contain AU- rich elements (AREs) found within the 3'-UTR of many proto-oncogenes and cytokine mRNAs. Also binds to double- and single-stranded DNA sequences in a specific manner and functions a transcription factor. Each of the RNA-binding domains specifically can bind solely to a single-stranded non-monotonous 5'-UUAG-3' sequence and also weaker to the single-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' telomeric DNA repeat. Binds RNA oligonucleotides with 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats more tightly than the telomeric single-st [...] (355 aa) |
| | Rnf41 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NRDP1; Acts as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and regulates the degradation of target proteins. Polyubiquitinates MYD88 (By similarity). Negatively regulates MYD88-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines. Can promote TRIF-dependent production of type I interferon and inhibits infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. Promotes also activation of TBK1 and IRF3. Involved in the ubiquitination of erythropoietin (EPO) and interleukin- 3 (IL-3) receptors. Thus, through maintaining basal levels of cytokine receptors, RNF41 is involved in the control of hema [...] (317 aa) |
| | Atg7 | Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7; E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates ATG12 for its conjugation with ATG5 as well as the ATG8 family proteins for their conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Required for autophagic death induced by caspase-8 inhibition. Required for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria [...] (741 aa) |
| | Syncrip | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q; Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) implicated in mRNA processing mechanisms. Component of the CRD-mediated complex that promotes MYC mRNA stability. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are associated in vitro with pre-mRNA, splicing intermediates and mature mRNA protein complexes. Isoform 1 binds to apoB mRNA AU-rich sequences (By similarity). Isoform 1 is part of the APOB mRNA editosome complex and may modulate the postranscriptional C to U RNA-editing of the APOB mRNA through either by binding to A1CF (APOBEC1 complementation factor), to AP [...] (623 aa) |
| | Rbm38 | RNA-binding protein 38; RNA-binding protein that specifically bind the 3'-UTR of CDKN1A transcripts, leading to maintain the stability of CDKN1A transcripts, thereby acting as a mediator of the p53/TP53 family to regulate CDKN1A. CDKN1A is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor transcriptionally regulated by the p53/TP53 family to induce cell cycle arrest. Has the ability to induce cell cycle arrest in G1 and maintain the stability of CDKN1A transcripts induced by p53/TP53. Also acts as a mRNA splicing factor. Specifically regulates the expression of FGFR2- IIIb, an epithelial cell-specif [...] (237 aa) |
| | Tirap | Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein; Adapter involved in the TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK2 and TRAF-6, leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, and resulting in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (By similarity). Positively regulates the production of TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 (By similarity). (249 aa) |
| | Etfbkmt | Electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit lysine methyltransferase; Protein-lysine methyltransferase that selectively trimethylates the flavoprotein ETFB in mitochondria. Thereby, may negatively regulate the function of ETFB in electron transfer from Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. (255 aa) |
| | Larp1 | La-related protein 1; RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of specific target mRNA species downstream of the mTORC1 complex, in function of growth signals and nutrient availability. Interacts on the one hand with the 3' poly-A tails that are present in all mRNA molecules, and on the other hand with the 7-methylguanosine cap structure of mRNAs containing a 5' terminal oligopyrimidine (5'TOP) motif, which is present in mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins and several components of the translation machinery. The interaction with the 5' end of mRNAs containing a 5'TOP motif lead [...] (1072 aa) |
| | Eif4enif1 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E transporter; Nucleoplasmic shuttling protein, which inhibits translation initiation. Mediates the nuclear import of EIF4E by a piggy-back mechanism. (983 aa) |
| | Gm9803 | Predicted gene 9803. (125 aa) |
| | Lzts1 | Leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 1; Involved in the regulation of cell growth. May stabilize the active CDC2-cyclin B1 complex and thereby contribute to the regulation of the cell cycle and the prevention of uncontrolled cell proliferation. May act as tumor suppressor (By similarity). Belongs to the LZTS family. (599 aa) |
| | Dhx9 | ATP-dependent RNA helicase A; Multifunctional ATP-dependent nucleic acid helicase that unwinds DNA and RNA in a 3' to 5' direction and that plays important roles in many processes, such as DNA replication, transcriptional activation, post-transcriptional RNA regulation, mRNA translation and RNA-mediated gene silencing. Requires a 3'-single-stranded tail as entry site for acid nuclei unwinding activities as well as the binding and hydrolyzing of any of the four ribo- or deoxyribo-nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs). Unwinds numerous nucleic acid substrates such as double-stranded (ds) DNA a [...] (1383 aa) |
| | Uchl5 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L5; Protease that specifically cleaves 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Deubiquitinating enzyme associated with the 19S regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome. Putative regulatory component of the INO80 complex; however is inactive in the INO80 complex and is activated by a transient interaction of the INO80 complex with the proteasome via ADRM1 (By similarity); Belongs to the peptidase C12 family. (329 aa) |
| | Taf9 | TATA-box binding protein associated factor 9. (264 aa) |
| | Csnk2a2 | Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoin [...] (350 aa) |
| | Styx | Serine/threonine/tyrosine interaction protein. (223 aa) |
| | Mlst8 | Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8; Subunit of both mTORC1 and mTORC2, which regulates cell growth and survival in response to nutrient and hormonal signals. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino acids. Growth factor-stimulated mTORC1 activation involves a AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of TSC1-TSC2, which leads to the activation of the RHEB GTPase that potently activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Amino acid-signaling to mTORC1 requires its relocalization to the lysosomes mediated by the Ragulator complex and the Rag GTPases. Activated mTORC1 up-r [...] (326 aa) |
| | Ubxn1 | UBX domain-containing protein 1; Ubiquitin-binding protein that plays a role in the modulation of innate immune response. Blocks both the RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) and NF-kappa-B pathways. Following viral infection, UBXN1 is induced and recruited to the RLR component MAVS. In turn, interferes with MAVS oligomerization, and disrupts the MAVS/TRAF3/TRAF6 signalosome. This function probably serves as a brake to prevent excessive RLR signaling. Interferes with the TNFalpha-triggered NF-kappa-B pathway by interacting with cellular inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) and thereby inhibi [...] (297 aa) |
| | Poldip2 | Polymerase delta-interacting protein 2; Involved in DNA damage tolerance by regulating translesion synthesis (TLS) of templates carrying DNA damage lesions such as 8oxoG and abasic sites. May act by stimulating activity of DNA polymerases involved in TLS, such as PRIMPOL and polymerase delta (POLD1). (368 aa) |
| | Akt1 | RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the [...] (480 aa) |
| | Pabpc1 | Polyadenylate-binding protein 1; Binds the poly(A) tail of mRNA, including that of its own transcript, and regulates processes of mRNA metabolism such as pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA stability. Its function in translational initiation regulation can either be enhanced by PAIP1 or repressed by PAIP2. Can probably bind to cytoplasmic RNA sequences other than poly(A) in vivo. Involved in translationally coupled mRNA turnover. Implicated with other RNA-binding proteins in the cytoplasmic deadenylation/translational and decay interplay of the FOS mRNA mediated by the major coding-region deter [...] (636 aa) |
| | Shh | Sonic hedgehog protein N-product; [Sonic hedgehog protein]: The C-terminal part of the sonic hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis and a cholesterol transferase activity. Both activities result in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (ShhN and ShhC) followed by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated ShhN. Both activities occur in the reticulum endoplasmic. Once cleaved, ShhC is degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum. (437 aa) |
| | Tmem39a | Transmembrane protein 39A; Belongs to the TMEM39 family. (486 aa) |
| | Sgta | Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha; Co-chaperone that binds misfolded and hydrophobic patches- containing client proteins in the cytosol. Mediates their targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum but also regulates their sorting to the proteasome when targeting fails. Functions in tail-anchored/type II transmembrane proteins membrane insertion constituting with ASNA1 and the BAG6 complex a targeting module. Functions upstream of the BAG6 complex and ASNA1, binding more rapidly the transmembrane domain of newly synthesized proteins. It is also involved in [...] (315 aa) |
| | Hmox1 | Heme oxygenase 1; Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed. Exhibits cytoprotective effects since excess of free heme sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis. (289 aa) |
| | Hnrnpa0 | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A0; mRNA-binding component of ribonucleosomes. Specifically binds AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNAs. Involved in post- transcriptional regulation of cytokines mRNAs. (305 aa) |
| | Phax | Phosphorylated adapter RNA export protein; A phosphoprotein adapter involved in the XPO1-mediated U snRNA export from the nucleus. Bridge components required for U snRNA export, the cap binding complex (CBC)-bound snRNA on the one hand and the GTPase Ran in its active GTP-bound form together with the export receptor XPO1 on the other. Its phosphorylation in the nucleus is required for U snRNA export complex assembly and export, while its dephosphorylation in the cytoplasm causes export complex disassembly. It is recycled back to the nucleus via the importin alpha/beta heterodimeric imp [...] (385 aa) |
| | Ubqln4 | Ubiquilin-4; Regulator of protein degradation that mediates the proteasomal targeting of misfolded, mislocalized or accumulated proteins (By similarity). Acts by binding polyubiquitin chains of target proteins via its UBA domain and by interacting with subunits of the proteasome via its ubiquitin-like domain (By similarity). Key regulator of DNA repair that represses homologous recombination repair: in response to DNA damage, recruited to sites of DNA damage following phosphorylation by ATM and acts by binding and removing ubiquitinated MRE11 from damaged chromatin, leading to MRE11 de [...] (596 aa) |
| | Dazl | Deleted in azoospermia-like; RNA-binding protein, which is essential for gametogenesis in both males and females. Plays a central role during spermatogenesis. Acts by binding to the 3'-UTR of mRNA, specifically recognizing GUU triplets, and thereby regulating the translation of key transcripts. (298 aa) |
| | Igf2bp1 | Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1; RNA-binding factor that recruits target transcripts to cytoplasmic protein-RNA complexes (mRNPs). This transcript 'caging' into mRNPs allows mRNA transport and transient storage. It also modulates the rate and location at which target transcripts encounter the translational apparatus and shields them from endonuclease attacks or microRNA-mediated degradation. Regulates localized beta-actin/ACTB mRNA translation, a crucial process for cell polarity, cell migration and neurite outgrowth. Co-transcriptionally associates with the ACTB mR [...] (577 aa) |
| | Ehmt2 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT2; Histone methyltransferase that specifically mono- and dimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me1 and H3K9me2, respectively) in euchromatin. H3K9me represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting HP1 proteins to methylated histones. Also mediates monomethylation of 'Lys-56' of histone H3 (H3K56me1) in G1 phase, leading to promote interaction between histone H3 and PCNA and regulating DNA replication. Also weakly methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me). Also required for DNA methylation, the histone methyltr [...] (1263 aa) |
| | Pam16 | Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM16; Regulates ATP-dependent protein translocation into the mitochondrial matrix. Inhibits DNAJC19 stimulation of HSPA9/Mortalin ATPase activity (By similarity). (125 aa) |
| | Rnf5 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF5; Has E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. May function together with E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBE2D1/UBCH5A and UBE2D2/UBC4. Mediates ubiquitination of PXN/paxillin. May be involved in regulation of cell motility and localization of PXN/paxillin. Mediates the 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of JKAMP thereby regulating JKAMP function by decreasing its association with components of the proteasome and ERAD; the ubiquitination appears to involve E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2N. Mediates the 'Lys-48'- linked polyubiquitination [...] (180 aa) |
| | Mapkapk2 | MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2; Stress-activated serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in cytokine production, endocytosis, reorganization of the cytoskeleton, cell migration, cell cycle control, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response and transcriptional regulation. Following stress, it is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase p38-alpha/MAPK14, leading to phosphorylation of substrates. Phosphorylates serine in the peptide sequence, Hyd-X-R-X(2)-S, where Hyd is a large hydrophobic residue. Phosphorylates ALOX5, CDC25B, CDC25C, CEP131, ELAVL1, HNRNPA0, HSP27/HSPB1, KRT1 [...] (386 aa) |
| | Il10 | Interleukin-10; Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in [...] (178 aa) |
| | Timp2 | Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2; Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor; Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 (TIMP) family. (220 aa) |
| | Ybx2 | Y-box-binding protein 2; Major constituent of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs). Involved in the regulation of the stability and/or translation of germ cell mRNAs. Binds to Y-box consensus promoter element. Binds to full-length mRNA with high affinity in a sequence-independent manner. Binds to short RNA sequences containing the consensus site 5'-UCCAUCA- 3' with low affinity and limited sequence specificity. Its binding with maternal mRNAs is necessary for its cytoplasmic retention. May mark specific mRNAs (those transcribed from Y-box promoters) in the nucleus for cytoplas [...] (359 aa) |
| | Phf23 | PHD finger protein 23; Acts as a negative regulator of autophagy, through promoting ubiquitination and degradation of LRSAM1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes autophagy in response to starvation or infecting bacteria. (401 aa) |
| | Il3 | Interleukin-3; Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. (166 aa) |
| | Nrbp2 | Nuclear receptor-binding protein 2; May regulate apoptosis of neural progenitor cells during their differentiation. (258 aa) |
| | Gipc1 | PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC1; Inhibits endothelial cell migration (in vitro). May be involved in G protein-linked signaling (By similarity); Belongs to the GIPC family. (333 aa) |
| | Plin5 | Perilipin-5; Lipid droplet-associated protein that maintains the balance between lipogenesis and lipolysis and also regulates fatty acid oxidation in oxidative tissues. Recruits mitochondria to the surface of lipid droplets and is involved in lipid droplet homeostasis by regulating both the storage of fatty acids in the form of triglycerides and the release of fatty acids for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. In lipid droplet triacylglycerol hydrolysis, plays a role as a scaffolding protein for three major key lipolytic players: ABHD5, PNPLA2 and LIPE. Reduces the triacylglycerol hyd [...] (463 aa) |
| | Vip | Vasoactive intestinal peptide; VIP causes vasodilation, lowers arterial blood pressure, stimulates myocardial contractility, increases glycogenolysis and relaxes the smooth muscle of trachea, stomach and gall bladder. (171 aa) |
| | Traf3ip2 | cDNA fis, clone TRACH2006870,moderately similar to Homo sapiens adaptor protein CIKS mRNA. (555 aa) |
| | Tnfaip3 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3; Ubiquitin-editing enzyme that contains both ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase activities. Involved in immune and inflammatory responses signaled by cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, or pathogens via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) through terminating NF-kappa-B activity. Essential component of a ubiquitin-editing protein complex, comprising also RNF11, ITCH and TAX1BP1, that ensures the transient nature of inflammatory signaling pathways. In cooperation with TAX1BP1 promotes disassembly of E2-E3 ubiquitin protein ligase complexes in [...] (775 aa) |
| | Timp3 | Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3; Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. May form part of a tissue-specific acute response to remodeling stimuli. (211 aa) |
| | Nampt | Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; The secreted form behaves both as a cytokine with immunomodulating properties and an adipokine with anti-diabetic properties, it has no enzymatic activity, partly because of lack of activation by ATP, which has a low level in extracellular space and plasma (By similarity). Catalyzes the condensation of nicotinamide with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to yield nicotinamide mononucleotide, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of NAD. It is the rate limiting component in the mammalian NAD biosynthesis pathway. Plays a role in the modulation of circ [...] (491 aa) |
| | Taf15 | TAF15 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor. (557 aa) |
| | Scfd1 | Sec1 family domain-containing protein 1; Plays a role in SNARE-pin assembly and Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport via its interaction with COG4. Involved in vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi (By similarity); Belongs to the STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family. (639 aa) |
| | Nrde2 | Nuclear exosome regulator NRDE2; Protein of the nuclear speckles that regulates RNA degradation and export from the nucleus through its interaction with MTREX an essential factor directing various RNAs to exosomal degradation. Changes the conformation of MTREX, precluding its association with the nuclear exosome and interaction with proteins required for its function in RNA exosomal degradation. Negatively regulates, for instance, the degradation of mRNAs and lncRNAs by inhibiting their MTREX-mediated recruitment to nuclear exosome. By preventing the degradation of RNAs in the nucleus, [...] (1172 aa) |
| | Gpld1 | Phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D; This protein hydrolyzes the inositol phosphate linkage in proteins anchored by phosphatidylinositol glycans (GPI-anchor) thus releasing these proteins from the membrane. (842 aa) |
| | Caml | Calcium signal-modulating cyclophilin ligand; Likely involved in the mobilization of calcium as a result of the TCR/CD3 complex interaction. Binds to cyclophilin B. (294 aa) |
| | Pbk | Lymphokine-activated killer T-cell-originated protein kinase; Phosphorylates MAP kinase p38. Seems to be active only in mitosis. May also play a role in the activation of lymphoid cells. When phosphorylated, forms a complex with TP53, leading to TP53 destabilization (By similarity). (330 aa) |
| | Gdnf | Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; Neurotrophic factor that enhances survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high- affinity dopamine uptake. (240 aa) |
| | Eif3h | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit H; Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is required for several steps in the initiation of protein synthesis. The eIF-3 complex associates with the 40S ribosome and facilitates the recruitment of eIF-1, eIF-1A, eIF- 2:GTP:methionyl-tRNAi and eIF-5 to form the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC). The eIF-3 complex stimulates mRNA recruitment to the 43S PIC and scanning of the mRNA for AUG recognition. The eIF-3 complex is also required for disassembly and recycling of post-termination ribos [...] (352 aa) |
| | Wnt1 | Proto-oncogene Wnt-1; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Acts in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by promoting beta-catenin-dependent transcriptional activation (By similarity). In some developmental processes, is also a ligand for the coreceptor RYK, thus triggering Wnt signaling. Plays an essential role in the development of the embryonic brain and central nervous system (CNS). Has a role in osteoblast function, bone development and bone homeostasis (By similarity). (370 aa) |
| | Rgn | Regucalcin; Gluconolactonase with low activity towards other sugar lactones, including gulonolactone and galactonolactone. Catalyzes a key step in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) biosynthesis. Can also hydrolyze diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate and phenylacetate (in vitro). Calcium- binding protein. Modulates Ca(2+) signaling, and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes and enzyme activities (By similarity); Belongs to the SMP-30/CGR1 family. (299 aa) |
| | Noct | Nocturnin; Phosphatase which catalyzes the conversion of NADP(+) to NAD(+) and of NADPH to NADH (By similarity). Shows a small preference for NADPH over NADP(+) (By similarity). Represses translation and promotes degradation of target mRNA molecules (By similarity). Plays an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes under circadian control. Exerts a rhythmic post-transcriptional control of genes necessary for metabolic functions including nutrient absorption, glucose/insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation and osteogenesis. Plays an [...] (429 aa) |
| | Hsp90ab1 | Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta; Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co- chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. Engages with a range of client protein classes via its interact [...] (724 aa) |
| | Anks1 | Ankyrin repeat and SAM domain-containing protein 1A; Regulator of different signaling pathways. Regulates EPHA8 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to control cell migration and neurite retraction. (1189 aa) |
| | Bag6 | Large proline-rich protein BAG6; ATP-independent molecular chaperone preventing the aggregation of misfolded and hydrophobic patches-containing proteins. Functions as part of a cytosolic protein quality control complex, the BAG6/BAT3 complex, which maintains these client proteins in a soluble state and participates to their proper delivery to the endoplasmic reticulum or alternatively can promote their sorting to the proteasome where they undergo degradation. The BAG6/BAT3 complex is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored/type II transmembrane proteins to the endo [...] (1154 aa) |
| | Npc1 | NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1; Intracellular cholesterol transporter which acts in concert with NPC2 and plays an important role in the egress of cholesterol from the endosomal/lysosomal compartment. Unesterified cholesterol that has been released from LDLs in the lumen of the late endosomes/lysosomes is transferred by NPC2 to the cholesterol-binding pocket in the N-terminal domain of NPC1. Cholesterol binds to NPC1 with the hydroxyl group buried in the binding pocket (By similarity). May play a role in vesicular trafficking in glia, a process that may be crucial for main [...] (1277 aa) |
| | Paip1 | Polyadenylate-binding protein-interacting protein 1; Acts as a coactivator in the regulation of translation initiation of poly(A)-containing mRNAs. Its stimulatory activity on translation is mediated via its action on PABPC1. Competes with PAIP2 for binding to PABPC1. Its association with EIF4A and PABPC1 may potentiate contacts between mRNA termini. May also be involved in translationally coupled mRNA turnover. Implicated with other RNA- binding proteins in the cytoplasmic deadenylation/translational and decay interplay of the FOS mRNA mediated by the major coding-region determinant o [...] (400 aa) |
| | Rptor | Regulatory-associated protein of mTOR; Involved in the control of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity which regulates cell growth and survival, and autophagy in response to nutrient and hormonal signals; functions as a scaffold for recruiting mTORC1 substrates. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino acids. Growth factor-stimulated mTORC1 activation involves a AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of TSC1- TSC2, which leads to the activation of the RHEB GTPase that potently activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Amino acid-signaling to mTO [...] (1335 aa) |
| | Pdcl3 | Phosducin-like protein 3; Acts as a chaperone for the angiogenic VEGF receptor KDR/VEGFR2, increasing its abundance by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation. Inhibits the folding activity of the chaperonin-containing T-complex (CCT) which leads to inhibition of cytoskeletal actin folding (By similarity). Acts as a chaperone during heat shock alongside HSP90 and HSP40/70 chaperone complexes (By similarity). Modulates the activation of caspases during apoptosis (By similarity); Belongs to the phosducin family. (240 aa) |
| | Slc11a1 | Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1; Divalent transition metal (iron and manganese) transporter involved in iron metabolism and host resistance to certain pathogens. Macrophage-specific membrane transport function. Controls natural resistance to infection with intracellular parasites. Pathogen resistance involves sequestration of Fe(2+) and Mn(2+), cofactors of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic catalases and superoxide dismutases, not only to protect the macrophage against its own generation of reactive oxygen species, but to deny the cations to the pathogen for synthesis [...] (548 aa) |
| | Htr2b | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B; G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various ergot alkaloid derivatives and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of [...] (479 aa) |
| | Pkp1 | Plakophilin-1; Seems to play a role in junctional plaques; Belongs to the beta-catenin family. (728 aa) |
| | Dapl1 | Death-associated protein-like 1; May play a role in the early stages of epithelial differentiation or in apoptosis. (107 aa) |
| | Dhx36 | ATP-dependent DNA/RNA helicase DHX36; Multifunctional ATP-dependent helicase that unwinds G- quadruplex (G4) structures. Plays a role in many biological processes such as genomic integrity, gene expression regulations and as a sensor to initiate antiviral responses. G4 structures correspond to helical structures containing guanine tetrads (By similarity). Binds with high affinity to and unwinds G4 structures that are formed in nucleic acids (G4-ADN and G4-RNA) (By similarity). Plays a role in genomic integrity (By similarity). Converts the G4-RNA structure present in telomerase RNA tem [...] (1001 aa) |
| | Ptpn22 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22; Acts as negative regulator of T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling by direct dephosphorylation of the Src family kinases LCK and FYN, ITAMs of the TCRz/CD3 complex, as well as ZAP70, VAV, VCP and other key signaling molecules (By similarity). Associates with and probably dephosphorylates CBL (By similarity). Dephosphorylates LCK at its activating 'Tyr-394' residue (By similarity). Dephosphorylates ZAP70 at its activating 'Tyr-492' residue (By similarity). Dephosphorylates the immune system activator SKAP2 (By similarity). Positively regulat [...] (802 aa) |
| | Csde1 | Cold shock domain-containing protein E1; RNA-binding protein. May be involved in translationally coupled mRNA turnover. Implicated with other RNA-binding proteins in the cytoplasmic deadenylation/translational and decay interplay of the FOS mRNA mediated by the major coding-region determinant of instability (mCRD) domain (By similarity). (798 aa) |
| | Sec22b | Vesicle-trafficking protein SEC22b; SNARE involved in targeting and fusion of ER-derived transport vesicles with the Golgi complex as well as Golgi-derived retrograde transport vesicles with the ER; Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (215 aa) |
| | Sdcbp | Syntenin-1; Multifunctional adapter protein involved in diverse array of functions including trafficking of transmembrane proteins, neuro and immunomodulation, exosome biogenesis, and tumorigenesis. Positively regulates TGFB1-mediated SMAD2/3 activation and TGFB1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration in various cell types. May increase TGFB1 signaling by enhancing cell- surface expression of TGFR1 by preventing the interaction between TGFR1 and CAV1 and subsequent CAV1-dependent internalization and degradation of TGFR1. In concert with SDC1/4 and PDCD6IP [...] (299 aa) |
| | Mfsd2a | Sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine symporter 1; Sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) symporter, which plays an essential role for blood-brain barrier formation and function. Specifically expressed in endothelium of the blood-brain barrier of micro-vessels and transports LPC into the brain. Transport of LPC is essential because it constitutes the major mechanism by which docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for normal brain growth and cognitive function, enters the brain. Transports LPC carrying long- chain fatty acids such LPC oleate and L [...] (534 aa) |
| | Pink1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial; Protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress by phosphorylating mitochondrial proteins. Involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) by mediating activation and translocation of PRKN. Targets PRKN to dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria through the phosphorylation of MFN2 (By similarity). Activates PRKN in 2 steps: (1) by mediating phosphorylation at 'Ser-65' of PRKN and (2) mediating phosphorylation of ubiquitin, converting PRKN to its fully-active form. Required for u [...] (580 aa) |
| | Dffa | DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha; Inhibitor of the caspase-activated DNase (DFF40). (331 aa) |
| | Dffb | DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta; Nuclease that induces DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Degrades naked DNA and induces apoptotic morphology. (344 aa) |
| | Cptp | Ceramide-1-phosphate transfer protein; Mediates the intracellular transfer of ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) between organelle membranes and the cell membrane. Required for normal structure of the Golgi stacks. Can bind phosphoceramides with a variety of aliphatic chains, but has a preference for lipids with saturated C16:0 or monounsaturated C18:1 aliphatic chains, and is inefficient with phosphoceramides containing lignoceryl (C24:0). Plays a role in the regulation of the cellular levels of ceramide-1- phosphate, and thereby contributes to the regulation of phospholipase PLA2G4A activity [...] (216 aa) |
| | Usp30 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 30; Deubiquitinating enzyme tethered to the mitochondrial outer membrane that acts as a key inhibitor of mitophagy by counteracting the action of parkin (PRKN): hydrolyzes ubiquitin attached by parkin on target proteins, such as RHOT1/MIRO1 and TOMM20, thereby blocking parkin's ability to drive mitophagy. Preferentially cleaves 'Lys- 6'- and 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains, 2 types of linkage that participate in mitophagic signaling. Does not cleave efficiently polyubiquitin phosphorylated at 'Ser-65' (By similarity). Acts as negative regulato [...] (517 aa) |
| | Igf2bp3 | Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3; RNA-binding factor that may recruit target transcripts to cytoplasmic protein-RNA complexes (mRNPs). This transcript 'caging' into mRNPs allows mRNA transport and transient storage. It also modulates the rate and location at which target transcripts encounter the translational apparatus and shields them from endonuclease attacks or microRNA-mediated degradation. Binds to the 3'-UTR of CD44 mRNA and stabilizes it, hence promotes cell adhesion and invadopodia formation (By similarity). Binds to beta-actin/ACTB and MYC transcripts (By s [...] (579 aa) |
| | Timp4 | Metalloproteinase inhibitor 4; Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. (224 aa) |
| | Smg1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SMG1; Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in both mRNA surveillance and genotoxic stress response pathways. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Plays a central role in nonsense- mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons by phosphorylating UPF1/RENT1. Recruited by release factors to stalled ribosomes together with SMG8 and SMG9 (forming the SMG1C protein kinase complex), and UPF1 to form the transient SURF (SMG1-UPF1-eRF1-eRF3) complex. In EJC-dependent NMD, the SURF complex associates with the exon junction compl [...] (3658 aa) |
| | Nupr1 | Nuclear protein 1; Transcription regulator that converts stress signals into a program of gene expression that empowers cells with resistance to the stress induced by a change in their microenvironment. Thereby participates in regulation of many process namely cell-cycle, apoptosis, autophagy and DNA repair responses. Controls cell cycle progression and protects cells from genotoxic stress induced by doxorubicin through the complex formation with TP53 and EP300 that binds CDKN1A promoter leading to transcriptional induction of CDKN1A (By similarity). Protects pancreatic cancer cells fr [...] (80 aa) |
| | Dkc1 | H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit DKC1; Catalytic subunit of H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (H/ACA snoRNP) complex, which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA. This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is subsequently attached to C5, instead of the normal N1. Each rRNA can contain up to 100 pseudouridine ('psi') residues, which may serve to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs. Required for ribosome biogenesis and telomere maintenance (By similarity). Also required for correct processing or intranuclear trafficking of TERC, the RNA component of the te [...] (509 aa) |
| | N4bp1 | NEDD4-binding protein 1; Inhibitor of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ITCH. Acts by interacting with the second WW domain of ITCH, leading to compete with ITCH's substrates and impairing ubiquitination of substrates. Belongs to the N4BP1 family. (893 aa) |
| | Mt3 | Metallothionein-3; Binds heavy metals. Contains three zinc and three copper atoms per polypeptide chain and only a negligible amount of cadmium. Inhibits survival and neurite formation of cortical neurons in vitro (By similarity); Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. (68 aa) |
| | Mtmr2 | Myotubularin-related protein 2; Phosphatase that acts on lipids with a phosphoinositol headgroup. Has phosphatase activity towards pho sphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,5- bisphosphate. Binds phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5- trisphosphate. Stabilizes SBF2/MTMR13 at the membranes. Specifically in peripheral nerves, stabilizes SBF2/MTMR13 protein. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class myotubularin subfamily. (643 aa) |
| | Il10ra | Interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha; Cell surface receptor for the cytokine IL10 that participates in IL10-mediated anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Upon binding to IL10, induces a conformational change in IL10RB, allowing IL10RB to bind IL10 as well. In turn, the heterotetrameric assembly complex, composed of two subunits of IL10RA and IL10RB, activates the kinases JAK1 and TYK2 that are constitutively associated with IL10RA and IL10RB respectively. These kinases then phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues in the intracellul [...] (575 aa) |
| | Fez1 | Fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1; May be involved in axonal outgrowth as component of the network of molecules that regulate cellular morphology and axon guidance machinery. May participate in the transport of mitochondria and other cargos along microtubules (By similarity). (392 aa) |
| | Anxa2 | Annexin A2; Calcium-regulated membrane-binding protein whose affinity for calcium is greatly enhanced by anionic phospholipids. It binds two calcium ions with high affinity. May be involved in heat-stress response (By similarity). Inhibits PCSK9-enhanced LDLR degradation, probably reduces PCSK9 protein levels via a translational mechanism but also competes with LDLR for binding with PCSK9. Belongs to the annexin family. (339 aa) |
| | Tent5a | Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5A. (447 aa) |
| | Myd88 | Myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88; Adapter protein involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7 and TRAF6, leading to NF- kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Increases IL-8 transcription. Involved in IL-18-mediated signaling pathway. Isoform 2 is defective in its ability to induce IRAK phosphorylation and NF- kappa-B activation and can function as a negative regulator of activation by IL-1 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Activates IRF1 resulting in it [...] (296 aa) |
| | Qsox1 | Sulfhydryl oxidase 1; Catalyzes the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in peptide and protein thiols to disulfides with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Plays a role in disulfide bond formation in a variety of extracellular proteins. In fibroblasts, required for normal incorporation of laminin into the extracellular matrix, and thereby for normal cell-cell adhesion and cell migration. (748 aa) |
| | Lrig2 | Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 2. (1054 aa) |
| | Tob1 | Protein Tob1; Anti-proliferative protein; the function is mediated by association with deadenylase subunits of the CCR4-NOT complex. Mediates CPEB3-accelerated mRNA deadenylation by binding to CPEB3 and recruiting CNOT7 which leads to target mRNA deadenylation and decay. Belongs to the BTG family. (362 aa) |
| | Nbas | Neuroblastoma-amplified sequence. (2356 aa) |
| | Chmp4b | Charged multivesicular body protein 4b; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (224 aa) |
| | Ccar2 | Cell cycle and apoptosis regulator protein 2; Core component of the DBIRD complex, a multiprotein complex that acts at the interface between core mRNP particles and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and integrates transcript elongation with the regulation of alternative splicing: the DBIRD complex affects local transcript elongation rates and alternative splicing of a large set of exons embedded in (A + T)-rich DNA regions. Inhibits SIRT1 deacetylase activity leading to increasing levels of p53/TP53 acetylation and p53- mediated apoptosis (By similarity). As part of a histone H3-specific meth [...] (922 aa) |
| | Tspo | Translocator protein; Can bind protoporphyrin IX and may play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme (By similarity). Was initially identified as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; can also bind isoquinoline carboxamides. Promotes the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes and may play a role in lipid metabolism , but its precise physiological role is controversial. According to some reports, it is not required for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Belongs to the TspO/BZRP family. (169 aa) |
| | Lepr | Leptin receptor; Receptor for hormone LEP/leptin (Probable). On ligand binding, mediates LEP central and peripheral effects through the activation of different signaling pathways such as JAK2/STAT3 and MAPK cascade/FOS. In the hypothalamus, LEP acts as an appetite- regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive fu [...] (1162 aa) |
| | Tent4a | Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 4A; Terminal nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes preferentially the transfert of ATP and GTP on RNA 3' poly(A) tail creating a heterogeneous 3' poly(A) tail leading to mRNAs stabilization by protecting mRNAs from active deadenylation (By similarity). Also functions as a catalytic subunit of a TRAMP-like complex which has a poly(A) RNA polymerase activity and is involved in a post- transcriptional quality control mechanism. Polyadenylation with short oligo(A) tails is required for the degradative activity of the exosome on several of its nuclear RNA sub [...] (542 aa) |
| | Slc7a5 | Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1; The heterodimer with SLC3A2 functions as sodium-independent, high-affinity transporter that mediates uptake of large neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, L-DOPA, leucine, histidine, methionine and tryptophan. Functions as an amino acid exchanger (By similarity). May play a role in the transport of L-DOPA across the blood-brain barrier (Probable). May act as the major transporter of tyrosine in fibroblasts (By similarity). May mediate blood-to-retina L-leucine transport across the inner blood- retinal barrier (By sim [...] (512 aa) |
| | Ttc36 | Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 36; Belongs to the TTC36 family. (186 aa) |
| | Rbm24 | RNA-binding protein 24; Multifunctional RNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA stability and mRNA translation important for cell fate decision and differentiation. Plays a major role in pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulation. Mediates preferentially muscle-specific exon inclusion in numerous mRNAs important for striated cardiac and skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Binds to intronic splicing enhancer (ISE) composed of stretches of GU-rich motifs localized in flanking intron of exon that will be included by alternative splicing. Involved in embry [...] (236 aa) |
| | Dicer1 | Endoribonuclease Dicer; Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) endoribonuclease playing a central role in short dsRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing. Cleaves naturally occurring long dsRNAs and short hairpin pre-microRNAs (miRNA) into fragments of twenty-one to twenty-three nucleotides with 3' overhang of two nucleotides, producing respectively short interfering RNAs (siRNA) and mature microRNAs. SiRNAs and miRNAs serve as guide to direct the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to complementary RNAs to degrade them or prevent their translation. Gene silencing mediated by siRNAs, al [...] (1906 aa) |
| | Nop53 | Ribosome biogenesis protein NOP53; Nucleolar protein which is involved in the integration of the 5S RNP into the ribosomal large subunit during ribosome biogenesis. In ribosome biogenesis, may also play a role in rRNA transcription (By similarity). Also functions as a nucleolar sensor that regulates the activation of p53/TP53 in response to ribosome biogenesis perturbation, DNA damage and other stress conditions. DNA damage or perturbation of ribosome biogenesis disrupt the interaction between NOP53 and RPL11 allowing RPL11 transport to the nucleoplasm where it can inhibit MDM2 and all [...] (484 aa) |
| | Mcl1 | Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 homolog; Involved in the regulation of apoptosis versus cell survival, and in the maintenance of viability but not of proliferation. Mediates its effects by interactions with a number of other regulators of apoptosis. Isoform 2 has antiapoptotic activity. (331 aa) |
| | Herc1 | HECT and RLD domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 1. (4859 aa) |
| | Ogt | UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit; Catalyzes the transfer of a single N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-GlcNAc to a serine or threonine residue in cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins resulting in their modification with a beta-linked N- acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Glycosylates a large and diverse number of proteins including histone H2B, AKT1, EZH2, PFKL, KMT2E/MLL5, MAPT/TAU and HCFC1. Can regulate their cellular processes via cross-talk between glycosylation and phosphorylation or by affecting proteolytic processing. Probably by glycosylating [...] (1046 aa) |
| | Rbm46 | Probable RNA-binding protein 46. (533 aa) |
| | Secisbp2 | SECIS-binding protein 2. (858 aa) |
| | Senp1 | Sentrin-specific protease 1; Protease that catalyzes two essential functions in the SUMO pathway. The first is the hydrolysis of an alpha-linked peptide bond at the C-terminal end of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) propeptides, SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 leading to the mature form of the proteins. The second is the deconjugation of SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 from targeted proteins, by cleaving an epsilon-linked peptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of the mature SUMO and the lysine epsilon-amino group of the target protein. Deconjugates SUMO1 from HIPK2 (By similarity). Deconjug [...] (640 aa) |
| | Dap | Death-associated protein 1; Negative regulator of autophagy. Involved in mediating interferon-gamma-induced cell death (By similarity). (102 aa) |
| | Hnrnpu | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U; DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in several cellular processes such as nuclear chromatin organization, telomere-length regulation, transcription, mRNA alternative splicing and stability, Xist-mediated transcriptional silencing and mitotic cell progression. Plays a role in the regulation of interphase large-scale gene-rich chromatin organization through chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) in a transcription-dependent manner, and thereby maintains genomic stability (By similarity). Required for the localization of the long non-coding Xist RN [...] (800 aa) |
| | Tent2 | Poly(A) RNA polymerase GLD2; Cytoplasmic poly(A) RNA polymerase that adds successive AMP monomers to the 3'-end of specific RNAs, forming a poly(A) tail. In contrast to the canonical nuclear poly(A) RNA polymerase, it only adds poly(A) to selected cytoplasmic mRNAs. Does not play a role in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation (By similarity). (484 aa) |
| | Tigar | Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase TIGAR; Fructose-bisphosphatase hydrolyzing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate as well as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (By similarity). Acts as a negative regulator of glycolysis by lowering intracellular levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in a p53/TP53-dependent manner, resulting in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activation and NADPH production. Contributes to the generation of reduced glutathione to cause a decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, correlating with its ability to protect cells from oxidative or metabolic stress-induced cell [...] (269 aa) |
| | Bag5 | BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 5; May function as a nucleotide exchange factor for HSP/HSP70, promoting ADP release, and activating Hsp70-mediated refolding. Inhibits both auto-ubiquitination of PRKN and ubiquitination of target proteins by PRKN (By similarity). (447 aa) |
| | Axin2 | Axin-2; Inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. Down-regulates beta- catenin. Probably facilitate the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and APC by GSK3B. (840 aa) |
| | Lrrk2 | Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which phosphorylates a broad range of proteins involved in multiple processes such as neuronal plasticity, autophagy, and vesicle trafficking. Is a key regulator of RAB GTPases by regulating the GTP/GDP exchange and interaction partners of RABs through phosphorylation. Phosphorylates RAB3A, RAB3B, RAB3C, RAB3D, RAB8A, RAB8B, RAB10, RAB12, RAB35, and RAB43. Regulates the RAB3IP-catalyzed GDP/GTP exchange for RAB8A through the phosphorylation of 'Thr-72' on RAB8A (By similarity). Inhibits the interacti [...] (2527 aa) |
| | Ikbke | Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon; Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to viral infection, through the activation of the type I IFN, NF-kappa-B and STAT signaling. Also involved in TNFA and inflammatory cytokines, like Interleukin-1, signaling. Following activation of viral RNA sensors, such as RIG-I- like receptors, associates with DDX3X and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), IRF3 and IRF7, as well as DDX3X. This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the [...] (717 aa) |
| | Dnd1 | Dead end protein homolog 1; RNA-binding factor that positively regulates gene expression by prohibiting miRNA-mediated gene suppression (By similarity). Relieves miRNA repression in germline cells (By similarity). Prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs (By similarity). Sequence-specific RNA-binding factor that binds specifically to U-rich regions (URRs) in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several mRNAs (By similarity). Does not bind to miRNAs (By similarity). Isoform 1 may play a role during primordial germ cell (PGC) survival. Howe [...] (352 aa) |
| | Cnr1 | Cannabinoid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upo [...] (473 aa) |
| | Smcr8 | Guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8; Component of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex, a complex that has guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity and regulates autophagy. In the complex, C9orf72 and SMCR8 probably constitute the catalytic subunits that promote the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting inactive GDP-bound RAB8A and RAB39B into their active GTP-bound form, thereby promoting autophagosome maturation (By similarity). The C9orf72-SMCR8 complex also acts as a negative regulator of autophagy initiation by interacting with the ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex and inhibiting its prot [...] (935 aa) |
| | Parn | Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN; 3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Interacts with both the 3'-end poly(A) tail and the 5'-end cap structure during degradation, the interaction with the cap structure being required for an efficient degradation of poly(A) tails. Involved in nonsens [...] (624 aa) |
| | Tent5b | Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5B; Probable nucleotidyltransferase that may act as a non- canonical poly(A) RNA polymerase. (427 aa) |
| | Tent5c | Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5C; Nucleotidyltransferase that act as a non-canonical poly(A) RNA polymerase which enhances mRNA stability and gene expression. Mainly targets mRNAs encoding endoplasmic reticulum-targeted protein and may be involved in induction of cell death. (391 aa) |
| | Zfp36 | mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36; Zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that destabilizes numerous cytoplasmic AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA transcripts by promoting their poly(A) tail removal or deadenylation, and hence provide a mechanism for attenuating protein synthesis. Acts as an 3'- untranslated region (UTR) ARE mRNA-binding adapter protein to communicate signaling events to the mRNA decay machinery. Recruits deadenylase CNOT7 (and probably the CCR4- NOT complex) via association with CNOT1, and hence promotes ARE- mediated mRNA deadenylation. Functions also by recruiting com [...] (319 aa) |
| | Sorl1 | Sortilin-related receptor; Sorting receptor that directs several proteins to their correct location within the cell. Along with AP-1 complex, involved Golgi apparatus - endosome sorting. Sorting receptor for APP, regulating its intracellular trafficking and processing into amyloidogenic-beta peptides. Retains APP in the trans-Golgi network, hence preventing its transit through late endosomes where amyloid beta peptides Abeta40 and Abeta42 are generated. May also sort newly produced amyloid-beta peptides to lysosomes for catabolism. Does not affect APP trafficking from the endoplasmic r [...] (2215 aa) |
| | Mtmr9 | Myotubularin-related protein 9; Acts as an adapter for myotubularin-related phosphatases. Increases lipid phosphatase MTMR6 catalytic activity, specifically towards phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate, and MTMR6 binding affinity for phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols (By similarity). Positively regulates lipid phosphatase MTMR7 catalytic activity. The formation of the MTMR6-MTMR9 complex, stabilizes both MTMR6 and MTMR9 protein levels (By similarity). Plays a role in the late stages of macropinocytosis possibly by regulating MTMR6-mediated dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol [...] (545 aa) |
| | Rasip1 | Ras-interacting protein 1; Required for the proper formation of vascular structures that develop via both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Acts as a critical and vascular-specific regulator of GTPase signaling, cell architecture, and adhesion, which is essential for endothelial cell morphogenesis and blood vessel tubulogenesis. Regulates the activity of Rho GTPases in part by recruiting ARHGAP29 and suppressing RhoA signaling and dampening ROCK and MYH9 activities in endothelial cells. May act as effector for Golgi-bound HRAS and other Ras-like proteins. May promote HRAS-mediated trans [...] (961 aa) |
| | Pik3cg | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Links G-protein coupled receptor activation to PIP3 production. Involved in immune, inflammatory and allergic responses. Modulates [...] (1102 aa) |
| | Angel2 | Protein angel homolog 2. (544 aa) |
| | Clec16a | Protein CLEC16A; Regulator of mitophagy through the upstream regulation of the RNF41/NRDP1-PRKN pathway. Mitophagy is a selective form of autophagy necessary for mitochondrial quality control. The RNF41/NRDP1-PRKN pathway regulates autophagosome-lysosome fusion during late mitophagy. May protect RNF41/NRDP1 from proteosomal degradation, RNF41/NRDP1 which regulates proteosomal degradation of PRKN. Plays a key role in beta cells functions by regulating mitophagy/autophagy and mitochondrial health. (1036 aa) |
| | Gata4 | Transcription factor GATA-4; Transcriptional activator that binds to the consensus sequence 5'-AGATAG-3' and plays a key role in cardiac development (By similarity). In cooperation with TBX5, it binds to cardiac super- enhancers and promotes cardiomyocyte gene expression, while it downregulates endocardial and endothelial gene expression (By similarity). Involved in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated induction of cardiac-specific gene expression (By similarity). Binds to BMP response element (BMPRE) DNA sequences within cardiac activating regions (By similarity). Acts as a trans [...] (442 aa) |
| | Lep | Leptin; Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways. In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal met [...] (167 aa) |
| | Adra1b | Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor; This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes (By similarity). (515 aa) |
| | Wdr6 | WD repeat-containing protein 6; Enhances the STK11/LKB1-induced cell growth suppression activity. Negative regulator of amino acid starvation-induced autophagy. (1125 aa) |
| | Washc1 | WASH complex subunit 1; Acts as a nucleation-promoting factor at the surface of endosomes, where it recruits and activates the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization, playing a key role in the fission of tubules that serve as transport intermediates during endosome sorting. Its assembly in the WASH core complex seems to inhibit its NPF activity and via WASHC2 is required for its membrane targeting (By similarity). Regulates the trafficking of endosomal alpha5beta1 integrin to the plasma membrane and involved in invasive cell migration. In T-cells involved in endosome-to- membran [...] (475 aa) |
| | Foxk1 | Forkhead box protein K1; Transcriptional regulator involved in different processes such as glucose metabolism, aerobic glycolysis, muscle cell differentiation and autophagy. Recognizes and binds the forkhead DNA sequence motif (5'-GTAAACA-3') and can both act as a transcription activator or repressor, depending on the context. Together with FOXK2, acts as a key regulator of metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis, a process in which glucose is converted to lactate in the presence of oxygen. Acts by promoting expression of enzymes for glycolysis (such as hexokinase-2 (HK2), p [...] (719 aa) |
| | Sirt2 | NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase, which deacetylates internal lysines on histone and alpha-tubulin as well as many other proteins such as key transcription factors. Participates in the modulation of multiple and diverse biological processes such as cell cycle control, genomic integrity, microtubule dynamics, cell differentiation, metabolic networks, and autophagy. Plays a major role in the control of cell cycle progression and genomic stability. Functions in the antephase checkpoint preventing precocious mitotic entry in response to microtu [...] (389 aa) |
| | Rps7 | 40S ribosomal protein S7; Required for rRNA maturation. (194 aa) |
| | Ptpn3 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 3; May act at junctions between the membrane and the cytoskeleton. (913 aa) |
| | A1cf | APOBEC1 complementation factor; Essential component of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex which is responsible for the postranscriptional editing of a CAA codon for Gln to a UAA codon for stop in APOB mRNA. Binds to APOB mRNA and is probably responsible for docking the catalytic subunit, APOBEC1, to the mRNA to allow it to deaminate its target cytosine. The complex also seems to protect the edited APOB mRNA from nonsense-mediated decay (By similarity). (595 aa) |
| | Ybx1 | Y-box-binding protein 1; DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in various processes, such as translational repression, RNA stabilization, mRNA splicing, DNA repair and transcription regulation. Predominantly acts as a RNA-binding protein: binds preferentially to the 5'-[CU]CUGCG-3' RNA motif and specifically recognizes mRNA transcripts modified by C5-methylcytosine (m5C) (By similarity). Promotes mRNA stabilization: acts by binding to m5C-containing mRNAs and recruiting the mRNA stability maintainer ELAVL1, thereby preventing mRNA decay (By similarity). Component of the CRD-mediated co [...] (322 aa) |
| | Thrap3 | Thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 3; Involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Remains associated with spliced mRNA after splicing which probably involves interactions with the exon junction complex (EJC). Can trigger mRNA decay which seems to be independent of nonsense-mediated decay involving premature stop codons (PTC) recognition. May be involved in nuclear mRNA decay. Involved in regulation of signal-induced alternative splicing. During splicing of PTPRC/CD45 is proposed to sequester phosphorylated SFPQ from PTPRC/CD45 pre-mRNA in resting T-cells. Involved in cyclin- D1/CCND1 mRNA [...] (951 aa) |
| | Rpl5 | 60S ribosomal protein L5; Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through [...] (297 aa) |
| | Tardbp | TAR DNA-binding protein 43; RNA-binding protein that is involved in various steps of RNA biogenesis and processing. Preferentially binds, via its two RNA recognition motifs RRM1 and RRM2, to GU-repeats on RNA molecules predominantly localized within long introns and in the 3'UTR of mRNAs. In turn, regulates the splicing of many non-coding and protein-coding RNAs including proteins involved in neuronal survival, as well as mRNAs that encode proteins relevant for neurodegenerative diseases. Plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating the processing of mitochondria [...] (414 aa) |
| | Ak6 | Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 9; Essential for cell viability. TAF9 and TAF9B are involved in transcriptional activation as well as repression of distinct but overlapping sets of genes. May have a role in gene regulation associated with apoptosis. TAFs are components of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex, the TBP-free TAFII complex (TFTC), the PCAF histone acetylase complex and the STAGA transcription coactivator-HAT complex. TFIID or TFTC are essential for the regulation of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription (By similarity). (264 aa) |
| | Traf5 | TNF receptor-associated factor 5; Adapter protein and signal transducer that links members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family to different signaling pathways by association with the receptor cytoplasmic domain and kinases. Mediates activation of NF-kappa-B and probably JNK. Seems to be involved in apoptosis. Plays a role in mediating activation of NF- kappa-B by EIF2AK2/PKR. (552 aa) |
| | Pml | Protein PML; Functions via its association with PML-nuclear bodies (PML- NBs) in a wide range of important cellular processes, including tumor suppression, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage response, and viral defense mechanisms. Acts as the scaffold of PML-NBs allowing other proteins to shuttle in and out, a process which is regulated by SUMO-mediated modifications and interactions. Positively regulates p53/TP53 by acting at different levels (by promoting its acetylation and phosphorylation and by inhibiting its MDM2-dependent degradation). Regulates phosph [...] (885 aa) |
| | Boll | Protein boule-like; Probable RNA-binding protein, which may be required during spermatogenesis. May act by binding to the 3'-UTR of mRNAs and regulating their translation (By similarity); Belongs to the RRM DAZ family. (293 aa) |
| | Fmr1 | Synaptic functional regulator FMR1; Multifunctional polyribosome-associated RNA-binding protein that plays a central role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity through the regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, mRNA stability, mRNA dendritic transport and postsynaptic local protein synthesis of a subset of mRNAs. Plays a role in the alternative splicing of its own mRNA. Plays a role in mRNA nuclear export. Together with export factor NXF2, is involved in the regulation of the NXF1 mRNA stability in neurons. Stabilizes the scaffolding postsynaptic density protein DLG4/PSD-95 [...] (614 aa) |
| | Smarcc1 | SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC1; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. May stimulate the ATPase activity of the catalytic subunit of the complex. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF [...] (1104 aa) |
| | Usp9x | Probable ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase FAF-X; Deubiquitinase involved both in the processing of ubiquitin precursors and of ubiquitinated proteins. May therefore play an important regulatory role at the level of protein turnover by preventing degradation of proteins through the removal of conjugated ubiquitin. Specifically hydrolyzes 'Lys-48'-, 'Lys-29'- and 'Lys-33'- linked polyubiquitins chains. Essential component of TGF-beta/BMP signaling cascade. Specifically deubiquitinates monoubiquitinated SMAD4, opposing the activity of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33. Deubiquitinat [...] (2554 aa) |
| | Ddrgk1 | DDRGK domain-containing protein 1; Protein which interacts with the E3 UFM1-protein ligase UFL1 and one of its substrates TRIP4 and is required for TRIP4 ufmylation. Through TRIP4 ufmylation may regulate nuclear receptors-mediated transcription. May play a role in NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription through regulation of the phosphorylation and the degradation of NFKBIA, the inhibitor of NF-kappa-B (By similarity). May also play a role in the cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Plays a role in cartilage development through SOX9, inhibiting the ubiquitin-mediated proteasoma [...] (315 aa) |
| | Rubcn | Run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein; Inhibits PIK3C3 activity; under basal conditions negatively regulates PI3K complex II (PI3KC3-C2) function in autophagy. Negatively regulates endosome maturation and degradative endocytic trafficking and impairs autophagosome maturation process. Can sequester UVRAG from association with a class C Vps complex (possibly the HOPS complex) and negatively regulates Rab7 activation (By similarity). (956 aa) |
| | Bmf | Bcl-2-modifying factor; May play a role in apoptosis; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (271 aa) |
| | Rraga | Ras-related GTP-binding protein A; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein that plays a crucial role in the cellular response to amino acid availability through regulation of the mTORC1 signaling cascade. Forms heterodimeric Rag complexes with RRAGC or RRAGD and cycles between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound form. In its active form participates in the relocalization of mTORC1 to the lysosomes and its subsequent activation by the GTPase RHEB. Involved in the RCC1/Ran-GTPase pathway. May play a direct role in a TNF-alpha signaling pathway leading to induction of cell death. (313 aa) |
| | Hfe | Hereditary hemochromatosis protein homolog; Binds to transferrin receptor (TFR) and reduces its affinity for iron-loaded transferrin. (359 aa) |
| | Usp14 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 14; Proteasome-associated deubiquitinase which releases ubiquitin from the proteasome targeted ubiquitinated proteins. Ensures the regeneration of ubiquitin at the proteasome. Is a reversibly associated subunit of the proteasome and a large fraction of proteasome-free protein exists within the cell. Required for the degradation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 which is critical for CXCL12-induced cell chemotaxis. Serves also as a physiological inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) under the non-stressed condition by inhibi [...] (493 aa) |
| | Pabpn1l | Embryonic polyadenylate-binding protein 2; Binds the poly(A) tail of mRNA. (273 aa) |
| | Qrich2 | Glutamine-rich protein 2; Has an essential role in the formation of sperm flagella and flagellar structure maintainance. It acts as a suppressor of ubiquitination and degradation of proteins involved in flagellar development and motility. (592 aa) |
| | Map1a | Microtubule-associated protein 1A; Structural protein involved in the filamentous cross-bridging between microtubules and other skeletal elements; Belongs to the MAP1 family. (3014 aa) |
| | Dhx34 | Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX34; Probable ATP-binding RNA helicase; Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. (1145 aa) |
| | Gm14698 | Serine/threonine/tyrosine-interacting protein; Catalytically inactive phosphatase. Acts as a nuclear anchor for MAPK1/MAPK3 (ERK1/ERK2) (By similarity). Modulates cell-fate decisions and cell migration by spatiotemporal regulation of MAPK1/MAPK3 (ERK1/ERK2) (By similarity). By binding to the F-box of FBXW7, prevents the assembly of FBXW7 into the SCF E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, and thereby inhibits degradation of its substrates (By similarity). Plays a role in spermatogenesis. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class subfamily. (223 aa) |
| | Tsc2 | Tuberin; In complex with TSC1, this tumor suppressor inhibits the nutrient-mediated or growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 by negatively regulating mTORC1 signaling (By similarity). Acts as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase RHEB, a direct activator of the protein kinase activity of mTORC1 (By similarity). May also play a role in microtubule-mediated protein transport. Also stimulates the intrinsic GTPase activity of the Ras-related proteins RAP1A and RAB5 (By similarity). (1742 aa) |
| | Klhl40 | Kelch-like protein 40; Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that acts as a key regulator of skeletal muscle development. The BCR(KLHL40) complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of TFDP1, thereby regulating the activity of the E2F:DP transcription factor complex. Promotes stabilization of LMOD3 by acting as a negative regulator of LMOD3 ubiquitination; the molecular process by which it negatively regulates ubiquitination of LMOD3 is however unclear. (621 aa) |
| | Svip | Small VCP/p97-interacting protein; Belongs to the SVIP family. (77 aa) |
| | Elavl1 | ELAV-like protein 1; RNA-binding protein that binds to the 3'-UTR region of mRNAs and increases their stability. Involved in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation: preferentially binds mRNAs that are not methylated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), stabilizing them, promoting ESCs differentiation. Binds to poly-U elements and AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs. Binds avidly to the AU- rich element in FOS and IL3/interleukin-3 mRNAs. In the case of the FOS AU-rich element, binds to a core element of 27 nucleotides that contain AUUUA, AUUUUA, and AUUUUUA motifs. Binds [...] (326 aa) |
| | Csnk2a1 | Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoin [...] (391 aa) |
| | Igf2bp2 | Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2; RNA-binding factor that recruits target transcripts to cytoplasmic protein-RNA complexes (mRNPs). This transcript 'caging' into mRNPs allows mRNA transport and transient storage. It also modulates the rate and location at which target transcripts encounter the translational apparatus and shields them from endonuclease attacks or microRNA-mediated degradation (By similarity). Binds to the 5'-UTR of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNAs. Binding is isoform- specific. Binds to beta-actin/ACTB and MYC transcripts (By similarity). (592 aa) |
| | Meioc | Meiosis-specific coiled-coil domain-containing protein MEIOC; Is required for meiosis completion in both male and female germ cells. Confers stability to numerous meiotic mRNAs in gonads allowing proper initiation and progression into meiosis prophase I. The function may involve YTHDC2 and is independent of induction by retinoic acid (RA). Maintains an extended meiotic prophase I by properly promoting the transition from a mitotic to a meiotic cell cycle program by binding transcripts through its interaction with YTHDC2 that regulate the mitotic cell cycle. (965 aa) |
| | Rybp | RING1 and YY1-binding protein; Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1-like complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Component of a PRC1-like complex that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119' on the X chromosome and is required for normal silencing of one co [...] (228 aa) |
| | Psen1 | Presenilin-1 CTF subunit; Catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Requires the presence of the other members of the gamma-secretase complex for protease activity (By similarity). Plays a role in Notch and Wnt signaling cascades and regulation of downstream processes via its role in processing key regulatory proteins, and by regulating cytosolic CTNNB1 levels. Stimulates cell-cell adhesion via its interaction with CD [...] (467 aa) |
| | Ctsa | Lysosomal protective protein 20 kDa chain; Protective protein appears to be essential for both the activity of beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase, it associates with these enzymes and exerts a protective function necessary for their stability and activity. This protein is also a carboxypeptidase and can deamidate tachykinins. (492 aa) |
| | E2f1 | Transcription factor E2F1; Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3' found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The DRTF1/E2F complex functions in the control of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. E2F1 binds preferentially RB1 in a cell-cycle dependent manner. It can mediate both cell proliferation and TP53/p53-dependent apoptosis. Blocks adipocyte differentiation by binding to specific promoters repressing CEBPA bindi [...] (430 aa) |
| | Rpl23 | 60S ribosomal protein L23. (140 aa) |
| | Mtor | Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which is a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth and survival in response to hormones, growth factors, nutrients, energy and stress signals. MTOR directly or indirectly regulates the phosphorylation of at least 800 proteins. Functions as part of 2 structurally and functionally distinct signaling complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 1 and 2). Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis (By similarity). This includes phosph [...] (2549 aa) |
| | Rpl11 | 60S ribosomal protein L11; Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through [...] (178 aa) |
| | Acacb | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2; Mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA and plays a central role in fatty acid metabolism (By similarity). Catalyzes a 2 steps reaction starting with the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the biotin carried by the biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain followed by the transfer of the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to acetyl-CoA (By similarity). Through the production of malonyl-CoA that allosterically inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 at the mitochondria, negatively regulates fatty acid oxidation. Together [...] (2448 aa) |
| | Cirbp | Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein; Cold-inducible mRNA binding protein that plays a protective role in the genotoxic stress response by stabilizing transcripts of genes involved in cell survival. Promotes assembly of stress granules (SGs), when overexpressed. Seems to play an essential role in cold- induced suppression of cell proliferation. Acts as a translational repressor. Acts as a translational activator. Binds specifically to the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of stress-responsive transcripts RPA2 and TXN. (172 aa) |
| | Park7 | Protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Acts on early glycation intermediates (hemithioacetals and aminoca [...] (189 aa) |
| | Nmnat1 | Nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1; Catalyzes the formation of NAD(+) from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and ATP. Can also use the deamidated form; nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) as substrate with the same efficiency (By similarity). Can use triazofurin monophosphate (TrMP) as substrate (By similarity). Also catalyzes the reverse reaction, i.e. the pyrophosphorolytic cleavage of NAD(+) (By similarity). For the pyrophosphorolytic activity, prefers NAD(+) and NaAD as substrates and degrades NADH, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NHD) [...] (285 aa) |
| | Pkp3 | Plakophilin-3; May play a role in junctional plaques. (822 aa) |
| | Foxk2 | Forkhead box protein K2; Transcriptional regulator involved in different processes such as glucose metabolism, aerobic glycolysis and autophagy. Recognizes and binds the forkhead DNA sequence motif (5'-GTAAACA-3') and can both act as a transcription activator or repressor, depending on the context. Together with FOXK1, acts as a key regulator of metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis, a process in which glucose is converted to lactate in the presence of oxygen. Acts by promoting expression of enzymes for glycolysis (such as hexokinase-2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase, pyruvate [...] (651 aa) |
| | Fus | RNA-binding protein FUS; DNA/RNA-binding protein that plays a role in various cellular processes such as transcription regulation, RNA splicing, RNA transport, DNA repair and damage response. Binds to nascent pre-mRNAs and acts as a molecular mediator between RNA polymerase II and U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein thereby coupling transcription and splicing. Binds also its own pre-mRNA and autoregulates its expression; this autoregulation mechanism is mediated by non-sense-mediated decay. Plays a role in DNA repair mechanisms by promoting D-loop formation and homologous recombination [...] (518 aa) |
| | Usp36 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 36; Deubiquitinase essential for the regulation of nucleolar structure and function. Required for cell and organism viability. Plays an important role in ribosomal RNA processing and protein synthesis, which is mediated, at least in part, through deubiquitination of DHX33, NPM1 and FBL, regulating their protein stability. Functions as a transcriptional repressor by deubiquiting histone H2B at the promoters of genes critical for cellular differentiation, such as CDKN1A, thereby preventing histone H3 'Lys-4' trimethylation (H3K4). Specifically deubiq [...] (1098 aa) |
| | Kdm4a | Lysine-specific demethylase 4A; Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-36' residues of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Does not demethylate histone H3 'Lys- 4', H3 'Lys-27' nor H4 'Lys-20'. Demethylates trimethylated H3 'Lys-9' and H3 'Lys-36' residue, while it has no activity on mono- and dimethylated residues. Demethylation of Lys residue generates formaldehyde and succinate. Participates in transcriptional repression of ASCL2 and E2F-responsive promoters via the recruitment of histone deacetylases and NCOR1, respectively (By s [...] (1064 aa) |
| | Elavl4 | ELAV-like protein 4; RNA-binding protein that is involved in the post- transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. Plays a role in the regulation of mRNA stability, alternative splicing and translation. Binds to AU-rich element (ARE) sequences in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs, including GAP43, VEGF, FOS, CDKN1A and ACHE mRNA (By similarity). Many of the target mRNAs are coding for RNA-binding proteins, transcription factors and proteins involved in RNA processing and/or neuronal development and function. By binding to the mRNA 3'UTR, decreases mRNA deadenylation and there [...] (385 aa) |
| | Tlk2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase tousled-like 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the process of chromatin assembly and probably also DNA replication, transcription, repair, and chromosome segregation. Phosphorylates the chromatin assembly factors ASF1A AND ASF1B. Phosphorylation of ASF1A prevents its proteasome-mediated degradation, thereby enhancing chromatin assembly (By similarity). Negative regulator of amino acid starvation-induced autophagy (By similarity). (750 aa) |
| | Cdkn2a | Tumor suppressor ARF; Capable of inducing cell cycle arrest in G1 and G2 phases. Acts as a tumor suppressor. Binds to MDM2 and blocks its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling by sequestering it in the nucleolus. This inhibits the oncogenic action of MDM2 by blocking MDM2-induced degradation of p53 and enhancing p53-dependent transactivation and apoptosis. Also induces G2 arrest and apoptosis in a p53-independent manner by preventing the activation of cyclin B1/CDC2 complexes. Binds to BCL6 and down-regulates BCL6-induced transcriptional repression. Binds to E2F1 and MYC and blocks their transcr [...] (169 aa) |
| | Apoc1 | Truncated apolipoprotein C-I; Inhibitor of lipoprotein binding to the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, LDL receptor-related protein, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor. Associates with high density lipoproteins (HDL) and the triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in the plasma and makes up about 10% of the protein of the VLDL and 2% of that of HDL. Appears to interfere directly with fatty acid uptake and is also the major plasma inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Modulates the interaction of APOE with beta-migrating VLDL and inhibits binding of beta [...] (88 aa) |
| | Trp53 | Cellular tumor antigen p53; Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Its pro-apoptotic activity is activated via its intera [...] (390 aa) |
| | Hnrnpab | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B; Transcriptional repressor. Binds to CArG box motifs, single- stranded and double-stranded DNA, and RNA. It may be that repression by CBF-A is a result of competitive binding of CBF, a putative positive factor, and CBF-A to the same or overlapping motifs around the CArG boxes. (332 aa) |
| | Nsun2 | RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2; RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase that methylates cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in various RNAs, such as tRNAs, mRNAs and some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Involved in various processes, such as epidermal stem cell differentiation, testis differentiation and maternal to zygotic transition during early development: acts by increasing protein synthesis; cytosine C(5)-methylation promoting tRNA stability and preventing mRNA decay. Methylates cytosine to 5- methylcytosine (m5C) at positions 34 and 48 of intron-containing tRNA(Leu)(CAA) p [...] (757 aa) |
| | Ptk2 | Focal adhesion kinase 1; Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating cell migration, adhesion, spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation and disassembly of focal adhesions and cell protrusions, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Required for early embryonic development and placenta development. Required for embryonic angiogenesis, normal cardiomyocyte migration and proliferation, and normal heart development. Regulates axon growth and neuronal cell migration, axon branching and synapse formation; required f [...] (1052 aa) |
| | Psen2 | Presenilin-2 CTF subunit; Probable catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Requires the other members of the gamma- secretase complex to have a protease activity. May play a role in intracellular signaling and gene expression or in linking chromatin to the nuclear membrane. May function in the cytoplasmic partitioning of proteins (By similarity). The holoprotein functions as a calcium-leak channel that allows the pa [...] (448 aa) |
| | Sufu | Suppressor of fused homolog; Negative regulator in the hedgehog/smoothened signaling pathway. Down-regulates GLI1- mediated transactivation of target genes. Part of a corepressor complex that acts on DNA-bound GLI1. May also act by linking GLI1 to BTRC and thereby targeting GLI1 to degradation by the proteasome (By similarity). Sequesters GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3 in the cytoplasm, this effect is overcome by binding of STK36 to both SUFU and a GLI protein. Negative regulator of beta-catenin signaling. Regulates the formation of either the repressor form (GLI3R) or the activator form (GLI3A) [...] (485 aa) |
| | Lrpprc | Leucine-rich PPR motif-containing protein, mitochondrial; May play a role in RNA metabolism in both nuclei and mitochondria. In the nucleus binds to HNRPA1-associated poly(A) mRNAs and is part of nmRNP complexes at late stages of mRNA maturation which are possibly associated with nuclear mRNA export. May bind mature mRNA in the nucleus outer membrane. In mitochondria binds to poly(A) mRNA. Plays a role in translation or stability of mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunits. May be involved in transcription regulation. Cooperates with PPARGC1A to regulate certain mito [...] (1392 aa) |
| | Fez2 | Fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-2; Involved in axonal outgrowth and fasciculation. Belongs to the zygin family. (375 aa) |
| | Apobec1 | C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-1; Catalytic component of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex which is responsible for the postranscriptional editing of a CAA codon for Gln to a UAA codon for stop in the APOB mRNA. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation; Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family. (229 aa) |
| | Bcl2 | Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2; Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1). May attenuate inflammation by impairing NLRP1-inflammasome activation, hence CASP1 activation and IL1B release. (236 aa) |
| | Trem2 | Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; Forms a receptor signaling complex with TYROBP which mediates signaling and cell activation following ligand binding. Acts as a receptor for amyloid-beta protein 42, a cleavage product of the amyloid-beta precursor protein APP, and mediates its uptake and degradation by microglia. Binding to amyloid-beta 42 mediates microglial activation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis and expression of pro- inflammatory cytokines, such as IL6R and CCL3, and the anti- inflammatory cytokine ARG1. Acts as a receptor for lipoprotein particles such as [...] (249 aa) |
| | Trim39 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM39; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (By similarity). May facilitate apoptosis by inhibiting APC/C-Cdh1-mediated poly-ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of the pro-apoptotic protein MOAP1 (By similarity). Regulates the G1/S transition of the cell cycle and DNA damage-induced G2 arrest by stabilizing CDKN1A/p21 (By similarity). Positively regulates CDKN1A/p21 stability by competing with DTL for CDKN1A/p21 binding, therefore disrupting DCX(DTL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex-mediated CDKN1A/p21 ubiquitination and degradation (By similarity). (488 aa) |
