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| | Dhx36 | ATP-dependent DNA/RNA helicase DHX36; Multifunctional ATP-dependent helicase that unwinds G- quadruplex (G4) structures. Plays a role in many biological processes such as genomic integrity, gene expression regulations and as a sensor to initiate antiviral responses. G4 structures correspond to helical structures containing guanine tetrads (By similarity). Binds with high affinity to and unwinds G4 structures that are formed in nucleic acids (G4-ADN and G4-RNA) (By similarity). Plays a role in genomic integrity (By similarity). Converts the G4-RNA structure present in telomerase RNA tem [...] (1001 aa) |
| | Alpk1 | Alpha-protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that detects bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern metabolites (PAMPs) and initiates an innate immune response, a critical step for pathogen elimination and engagement of adaptive immunity (By similarity). Specifically recognizes and binds ADP-D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose (ADP-Heptose), a potent PAMP present in all Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. ADP-Heptose-binding stimulates its kinase activity to phosphorylate and activate TIFA, triggering proinflammatory NF-kappa-B signaling (By similarity). May be i [...] (1231 aa) |
| | Bcl10 | B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10; Involved in adaptive immune response. Promotes apoptosis, pro-caspase-9 maturation and activation of NF-kappa-B via NIK and IKK. May be an adapter protein between upstream TNFR1-TRADD-RIP complex and the downstream NIK-IKK-IKAP complex. Is a substrate for MALT1. (233 aa) |
| | Lurap1 | Leucine rich adaptor protein 1; Acts as an activator of the canonical NF-kappa-B pathway and drive the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Promotes the antigen (Ag)-presenting and priming function of dendritic cells via the canonical NF-kappa-B pathway. In concert with MYO18A and CDC42BPA/CDC42BPB, is involved in modulating lamellar actomyosin retrograde flow that is crucial to cell protrusion and migration. Activates CDC42BPA/CDC42BPB and targets it to actomyosin through its interaction with MYO18A, leading to MYL9/MLC2 phosphorylation and MYH9/MYH10-dependent actomyosin assembly [...] (239 aa) |
| | Pink1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial; Protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress by phosphorylating mitochondrial proteins. Involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) by mediating activation and translocation of PRKN. Targets PRKN to dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria through the phosphorylation of MFN2 (By similarity). Activates PRKN in 2 steps: (1) by mediating phosphorylation at 'Ser-65' of PRKN and (2) mediating phosphorylation of ubiquitin, converting PRKN to its fully-active form. Required for u [...] (580 aa) |
| | Dhx15 | Pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX15; Pre-mRNA processing factor involved in disassembly of spliceosomes after the release of mature mRNA. In cooperation with TFIP11 seem to be involved in the transition of the U2, U5 and U6 snRNP-containing IL complex to the snRNP-free IS complex leading to efficient debranching and turnover of excised introns (By similarity). Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. DDX15/PRP43 sub-subfamily. (795 aa) |
| | Rhoh | Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoH; Binds GTP but lacks intrinsic GTPase activity and is resistant to Rho-specific GTPase-activating proteins. Inhibits the activation of NF-kappa-B by TNF and IKKB and the activation of CRK/p38 by TNF. Inhibits activities of RAC1, RHOA and CDC42. Negatively regulates leukotriene production in neutrophils (By similarity). Negative regulator of hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation, survival and migration. Critical regulator of thymocyte development and T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling by mediating recruitment and activation of ZAP70. Requi [...] (191 aa) |
| | Clec4d | C-type lectin domain family 4 member D; A calcium-dependent lectin involved in innate recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Interacts with signaling adapter Fc receptor gamma chain/FCER1G, likely via CLEC4E, to form a functional complex in antigen presenting cells. Binding of mycobacterial trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) to this receptor complex leads to phosphorylation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of FCER1G, triggering activation of SYK, CARD9 and NF-kappa-B, consequently driving maturation of antigen-presenting cells and shapin [...] (219 aa) |
| | Ltbr | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 3; Receptor for the heterotrimeric lymphotoxin containing LTA and LTB, and for TNFS14/LIGHT. Promotes apoptosis via TRAF3 and TRAF5. May play a role in the development of lymphoid organs (By similarity). (415 aa) |
| | Tnfrsf1a | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A; Receptor for TNFSF2/TNF-alpha and homotrimeric TNFSF1/lymphotoxin-alpha. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis (By similarity). (454 aa) |
| | Ppm1n | Probable protein phosphatase 1N. (404 aa) |
| | Nfkbib | NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta; Inhibits NF-kappa-B by complexing with and trapping it in the cytoplasm. However, the unphosphorylated form resynthesized after cell stimulation is able to bind NF-kappa-B allowing its transport to the nucleus and protecting it to further NFKBIA-dependent inactivation. Association with inhibitor kappa B-interacting NKIRAS1 and NKIRAS2 prevent its phosphorylation rendering it more resistant to degradation, explaining its slower degradation. (359 aa) |
| | Pycard | Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; Functions as key mediator in apoptosis and inflammation. Promotes caspase-mediated apoptosis involving predominantly caspase-8 and also caspase-9 in a probable cell type-specific manner. Involved in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, promotes caspase-8- dependent proteolytic maturation of BID independently of FADD in certain cell types and also mediates mitochondrial translocation of BAX and activates BAX-dependent apoptosis coupled to activation of caspase- 9, -2 and -3. Involved in macrophage pyroptosis, a cas [...] (193 aa) |
| | Trim30d | Tripartite motif-containing 30D. (497 aa) |
| | Trim21 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase whose activity is dependent on E2 enzymes, UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2E1 and UBE2E2. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 UBE2D2 that is used not only for the ubiquitination of USP4 and IKBKB but also for its self-ubiquitination. Component of cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes such as SCF(SKP2)-like complexes. A TRIM21-containing SCF(SKP2)-like complex is shown to mediate ubiquitination of CDKN1B ('Thr-187' phosphorylated-form), thereby promoting its degrad [...] (462 aa) |
| | Fadd | FAS-associated death domain protein; Apoptotic adaptor molecule that recruits caspase-8 or caspase-10 to the activated Fas (CD95) or TNFR-1 receptors. The resulting aggregate called the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation. Active caspase-8 initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases mediating apoptosis (By similarity). Involved in interferon-mediated antiviral immune response, playing a role in the positive regulation of interferon signaling (By similarity). (205 aa) |
| | Ccdc22 | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 22; Involved in regulation of NF-kappa-B signaling. Promotes ubiquitination of I-kappa-B-kinase subunit IKBKB and its subsequent proteasomal degradation leading to NF-kappa-B activation; the function may involve association with COMMD8 and a CUL1-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. May down-regulate NF-kappa-B activity via association with COMMD1 and involving a CUL2-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Regulates the cellular localization of COMM domain-containing proteins, such as COMMD1 and COMMD10. Component of the CCC complex, which is inv [...] (627 aa) |
| | Irak1 | Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in initiating innate immune response against foreign pathogens. Involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) and IL-1R signaling pathways. Is rapidly recruited by MYD88 to the receptor-signaling complex upon TLR activation. Association with MYD88 leads to IRAK1 phosphorylation by IRAK4 and subsequent autophosphorylation and kinase activation. Phosphorylates E3 ubiquitin ligases Pellino proteins (PELI1, PELI2 and PELI3) to promote pellino-mediated polyubiquitination of IRAK1. Then, the ubiquit [...] (750 aa) |
| | Ikbkb | Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on 2 critical serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is transloca [...] (757 aa) |
| | Tlr3 | Toll-like receptor 3; Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll- like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR3 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by double-stranded RNA, a sign of viral infection. Acts via the adapter TRIF/TICAM1, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, IRF3 nuclear translocation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (By similarity). (905 aa) |
| | Cx3cl1 | Processed fractalkine; Acts as a ligand for both CX3CR1 and integrins. Binds to CX3CR1 and to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA4:ITGB1. Can activate integrins in both a CX3CR1-dependent and CX3CR1-independent manner. In the presence of CX3CR1, activates integrins by binding to the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) in integrins. In the absence of CX3CR1, binds to a second site (site 2) in integrins which is distinct from site 1 and enhances the binding of other integrin ligands to site 1 (By similarity). The soluble form is chemotactic for T-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophil [...] (395 aa) |
| | Tradd | Tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein; Adapter molecule for TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 that specifically associates with the cytoplasmic domain of activated TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 mediating its interaction with FADD. Overexpression of TRADD leads to two major TNF-induced responses, apoptosis and activation of NF-kappa-B (By similarity). The nuclear form acts as a tumor suppressor by preventing ubiquitination and degradation of isoform p19ARF/ARF of CDKN2A by TRIP12: acts by interacting with TRIP12, leading to disrupt interaction between TRIP12 and isoform p19ARF/ARF of CDKN2A. (310 aa) |
| | Nlrx1 | NLR family member X1; Participates in antiviral signaling; Belongs to the NLRP family. (975 aa) |
| | Rora | Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha; Nuclear receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to ROR response elements (RORE) containing a single core motif half-site 5'-AGGTCA-3' preceded by a short A-T-rich sequence. Key regulator of embryonic development, cellular differentiation, immunity, circadian rhythm as well as lipid, steroid, xenobiotics and glucose metabolism. Considered to have intrinsic transcriptional activity, have some natural ligands like oxysterols that act as agonists (25-hydroxycholesterol) or inverse agonists (7-oxygenated sterols), enhancing or repressing the transcriptional activity [...] (523 aa) |
| | Ltf | Lactotransferrin; Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. The lactotransferrin transferrin-like domain 1 functions as a serine protease of the peptidase S60 family that cuts arginine rich regions. This function contributes to the antimicrobial activity. Shows a preferential cleavage at -Arg-Ser-Arg-Arg-|- and -Arg-Arg-Ser-Arg-|-, and of Z-Phe-Arg-|-aminomethylcoumarin sites. (707 aa) |
| | Myd88 | Myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88; Adapter protein involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7 and TRAF6, leading to NF- kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Increases IL-8 transcription. Involved in IL-18-mediated signaling pathway. Isoform 2 is defective in its ability to induce IRAK phosphorylation and NF- kappa-B activation and can function as a negative regulator of activation by IL-1 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Activates IRF1 resulting in it [...] (296 aa) |
| | Zc3h12a | Endoribonuclease ZC3H12A; Endoribonuclease involved in various biological functions such as cellular inflammatory response and immune homeostasis, glial differentiation of neuroprogenitor cells, cell death of cardiomyocytes, adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Functions as an endoribonuclease involved in mRNA decay. Modulates the inflammatory response by promoting the degradation of a set of translationally active cytokine-induced inflammation-related mRNAs, such as IL6 and IL12B, during the early phase of inflammation. Prevents aberrant T-cell-mediated immune reaction by degradation of mul [...] (596 aa) |
| | Ubd | Ubiquitin D; Ubiquitin-like protein modifier which can be covalently attached to target protein and subsequently leads to their degradation by the 26S proteasome, in a NUB1-dependent manner. Probably functions as a survival factor. Promotes the expression of the proteasome subunit beta type-9 (PSMB9/LMP2). Regulates TNF-alpha-induced and LPS-mediated activation of the central mediator of innate immunity NF-kappa-B by promoting TNF-alpha-mediated proteasomal degradation of ubiquitinated- I-kappa-B-alpha. Required for TNF-alpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation in renal tubular epithelia [...] (162 aa) |
| | Trim14 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 14; Plays a role in the innate immune defense against viruses. Facilitates the type I IFN response by interacting with MAVS at the outer mitochondria membrane and thereby recruiting NF-kappa-B essential modulator IKBKG/NEMO to the MAVS signalosome, leading to the activation of both the IFN regulatory factor 3/IRF3 and NF-kappa-B pathways. Positively regulates the CGAS-induced type I interferon signaling pathway by stabilizing CGAS and inhibiting its autophagic degradation. Inhibits the transcriptional activity of SPI1 in a dose-dependent manner ; Bel [...] (440 aa) |
| | Ripk2 | Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Upon stimulation by bacterial peptidoglycans, NOD1 and NOD2 are activated, oligomerize and recruit RIPK2 through CARD-CARD domains. Once recruited, autophosphorylates and undergoes 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin ligases XIAP, BIRC2 and BIRC3. The polyubiquitinated protein mediates the recruitment of MAP3K7/TAK1 to IKBKG/NEMO and induces 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of IKBKG/NEMO and subsequ [...] (539 aa) |
| | Trim62 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM62; E3 ubiquitin ligase whose activity is dependent on E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D2. (475 aa) |
| | Mul1 | Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1; Exhibits weak E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity (By similarity). E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfer the ubiquitin to targeted substrates (By similarity). Can ubiquitinate AKT1 preferentially at 'Lys-284' involving 'Lys-48'- linked polyubiquitination and seems to be involved in regulation of Akt signaling by targeting phosphorylated Akt to proteosomal degradation (By similarity). Proposed to preferentially act as a SUMO E3 ligase at phys [...] (352 aa) |
| | Tab3 | TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 3; Adapter linking MAP3K7/TAK1 and TRAF6 or TRAF2. Mediator of MAP3K7 activation, respectively in the IL-1 and TNF signaling pathways. Plays a role in activation of NF-kappa-B and AP1 transcription factor (By similarity). (716 aa) |
| | Tnfsf10 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2, TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4 and possibly also to TNFRSF11B/OPG. Induces apoptosis. Its activity may be modulated by binding to the decoy receptors TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4 and TNFRSF11B/OPG that cannot induce apoptosis. (291 aa) |
| | Map3k7 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Plays an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by changes in the environment. Mediates signal transduction of TRAF6, various cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB), TGFB-related factors like BMP2 and BMP4, toll-like receptors (TLR), tumor necrosis factor receptor CD40 and B-cell receptor (BCR). Ceramides are also able to activate MAP3K7/TAK1. Once activated, acts as a [...] (606 aa) |
| | Eda2r | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 27; Receptor for EDA isoform A2, but not for EDA isoform A1. Mediates the activation of the NF-kappa-B and JNK pathways. Activation seems to be mediated by binding to TRAF3 and TRAF6 (By similarity). (297 aa) |
| | Nfkbid | NF-kappa-B inhibitor delta; Regulates the expression of IL-2, IL-6, and other cytokines through regulation on NF-kappa-B activity. Functions in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Involved in the induction of T helper 17 cells (Th17) differentiation upon recognition of antigen by T cell antigen receptor (TCR). According to it may also regulate TCR-induced negative selection of thymocytes. (327 aa) |
| | Ddx21 | Nucleolar RNA helicase 2; RNA helicase that acts as a sensor of the transcriptional status of both RNA polymerase (Pol) I and II: promotes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing and transcription from polymerase II (Pol II) (By similarity). Binds various RNAs, such as rRNAs, snoRNAs, 7SK and, at lower extent, mRNAs (By similarity). In the nucleolus, localizes to rDNA locus, where it directly binds rRNAs and snoRNAs, and promotes rRNA transcription, processing and modification (By similarity). Required for rRNA 2'-O-methylation, possibly by promoting the recruitment of late-acting snoRNAs SNOR [...] (851 aa) |
| | Lime1 | Lck-interacting transmembrane adapter 1; Involved in BCR (B-cell antigen receptor)-mediated signaling in B-cells and TCR (T-cell antigen receptor)-mediated T-cell signaling in T-cells. In absence of TCR signaling, may be involved in CD4- mediated inhibition of T-cell activation. Couples activation of these receptors and their associated kinases with distal intracellular events such as calcium mobilization or MAPK activation through the recruitment of PLCG2, GRB2, GRAP2, and other signaling molecules. (269 aa) |
| | Tlr4 | Toll-like receptor 4; Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS- independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate. In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding t [...] (835 aa) |
| | S100a13 | Protein S100-A13; Plays a role in the export of proteins that lack a signal peptide and are secreted by an alternative pathway. Binds two calcium ions per subunit. Binds one copper ion. Binding of one copper ion does not interfere with calcium binding. Required for the copper-dependent stress-induced export of IL1A and FGF1. The calcium-free protein binds to lipid vesicles containing phosphatidylserine, but not to vesicles containing phosphatidylcholine. (160 aa) |
| | S100b | Protein S100-B; Weakly binds calcium but binds zinc very tightly-distinct binding sites with different affinities exist for both ions on each monomer. Physiological concentrations of potassium ion antagonize the binding of both divalent cations, especially affecting high-affinity calcium-binding sites. Binds to and initiates the activation of STK38 by releasing autoinhibitory intramolecular interactions within the kinase. Interaction with AGER after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53/TP53 signaling. Could assist ATAD3A cytoplasmic pr [...] (92 aa) |
| | Ror1 | Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR1; Has very low kinase activity in vitro and is unlikely to function as a tyrosine kinase in vivo (By similarity). Receptor for ligand WNT5A which activate downstream NFkB signaling pathway and may result in the inhibition of WNT3A-mediated signaling (By similarity). In inner ear, crucial for spiral ganglion neurons to innervate auditory hair cells. (937 aa) |
| | Gbp7 | Guanylate-binding protein 7. (638 aa) |
| | Triml1 | Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIML1; Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which plays an important role in blastocyst development. Involved in progression of blastocyst stage and subsequent embryo development. (470 aa) |
| | Terf2ip | Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2-interacting protein 1; Acts both as a regulator of telomere function and as a transcription regulator. Involved in the regulation of telomere length and protection as a component of the shelterin complex (telosome). In contrast to other components of the shelterin complex, it is dispensible for telomere capping and does not participate in the protection of telomeres against non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)- mediated repair. Instead, it is required to negatively regulate telomere recombination and is essential for repressing homology- directed repair ( [...] (393 aa) |
| | Dnaja3 | DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 3, mitochondrial; Modulates apoptotic signal transduction or effector structures within the mitochondrial matrix. Affect cytochrome C release from the mitochondria and caspase 3 activation, but not caspase 8 activation. Isoform 1 increases apoptosis triggered by both TNF and the DNA-damaging agent mytomycin C; in sharp contrast, isoform 2 suppresses apoptosis. Can modulate IFN-gamma-mediated transcriptional activity (By similarity). Isoform 2 may play a role in neuromuscular junction development as an effector of the MUSK signaling pathway. (480 aa) |
| | Ikbke | Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon; Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to viral infection, through the activation of the type I IFN, NF-kappa-B and STAT signaling. Also involved in TNFA and inflammatory cytokines, like Interleukin-1, signaling. Following activation of viral RNA sensors, such as RIG-I- like receptors, associates with DDX3X and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), IRF3 and IRF7, as well as DDX3X. This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the [...] (717 aa) |
| | Trim34a | Tripartite motif-containing protein 34A; May function as antiviral protein and may contribute to the defense against retroviral infections; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (485 aa) |
| | Ticam1 | TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1; Involved in innate immunity against invading pathogens. Adapter used by TLR3, TLR4 (through TICAM2) and TLR5 to mediate NF- kappa-B and interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) activation, and to induce apoptosis. Ligand binding to these receptors results in TRIF recruitment through its TIR domain. Distinct protein-interaction motifs allow recruitment of the effector proteins TBK1, TRAF6 and RIPK1, which in turn, lead to the activation of transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7, NF-kappa-B and FADD respectively. Phosphorylation by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif [...] (732 aa) |
| | Nod1 | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1; Enhances caspase-9-mediated apoptosis. Induces NF-kappa-B activity via RIPK2 and IKK-gamma. Confers responsiveness to intracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Forms an intracellular sensing system along with ARHGEF2 for the detection of microbial effectors during cell invasion by pathogens. Recruits NLRP10 to the cell membrane following bacterial infection (By similarity). (953 aa) |
| | Nup62 | Nuclear pore glycoprotein p62; Essential component of the nuclear pore complex. The N- terminal is probably involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. The C- terminal is involved in protein-protein interaction probably via coiled-coil formation, promotes its association with centrosomes and may function in anchorage of p62 to the pore complex. Plays a role in mitotic cell cycle progression by regulating centrosome segregation, centriole maturation and spindle orientation. It might be involved in protein recruitment to the centrosome after nuclear breakdown. Belongs to the nucleoporin NSP [...] (526 aa) |
| | Ajuba | LIM domain-containing protein ajuba; Adapter or scaffold protein which participates in the assembly of numerous protein complexes and is involved in several cellular processes such as cell fate determination, cytoskeletal organization, repression of gene transcription, mitosis, cell-cell adhesion, cell differentiation, proliferation and migration. Contributes to the linking and/or strengthening of epithelia cell-cell junctions in part by linking adhesive receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. May be involved in signal transduction from cell adhesion sites to the nucleus. Plays an importa [...] (547 aa) |
| | Otud7a | OTU domain-containing protein 7A; Has deubiquitinating activity towards 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains. (926 aa) |
| | Cactin | Cactin; Involved in the regulation of innate immune response (By similarity). Acts as negative regulator of Toll-like receptor, interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) and canonical NF-kappa-B signaling pathways (By similarity). Contributes to the regulation of transcriptional activation of NF-kappa-B target genes in response to endogenous proinflammatory stimuli (By similarity). Belongs to the CACTIN family. (772 aa) |
| | Trim12c | Tripartite motif-containing 12C. (497 aa) |
| | F2r | Proteinase-activated receptor 1; High affinity receptor for activated thrombin coupled to G proteins that stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. (430 aa) |
| | Tlr6 | Toll-like receptor 6; Participates in the innate immune response to Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Specifically recognizes diacylated and, to a lesser extent, triacylated lipopeptides. In response to diacylated lipopeptides, forms the activation cluster TLR2:TLR6:CD14:CD36, this cluster triggers signaling from the cell surface and subsequently is targeted to the Golgi in a lipid-raft dependent pathway. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Recognizes mycoplasmal macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2kD (MALP-2), so [...] (806 aa) |
| | Trim32 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM32; Has an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Ubiquitinates DTNBP1 (dysbindin). May ubiquitinate BBS2 (By similarity). Ubiquitinates PIAS4/PIASY and promotes its degradation in keratinocytes treated with UVB and TNF-alpha. (655 aa) |
| | Lurap1l | Leucine rich adaptor protein 1-like. (221 aa) |
| | Wnt5a | Protein Wnt-5a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Can activate or inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, depending on receptor context. In the presence of FZD4, activates beta-catenin signaling. In the presence of ROR2, inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway by promoting beta-catenin degradation through a GSK3-independent pathway which involves down-regulation of beta-catenin-induced reporter gene expression. Suppression of the canonical pathway allows chondrogenesis to occur and inhibits tumor formation. Stimulates cell migration. Decreases proliferatio [...] (380 aa) |
| | Ddx1 | ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX1; Acts as an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, able to unwind both RNA-RNA and RNA-DNA duplexes. Possesses 5' single-stranded RNA overhang nuclease activity. Possesses ATPase activity on various RNA, but not DNA polynucleotides. May play a role in RNA clearance at DNA double- strand breaks (DSBs), thereby facilitating the template-guided repair of transcriptionally active regions of the genome. Together with RELA, acts as a coactivator to enhance NF-kappa-B-mediated transcriptional activation (By similarity). Acts as a positive transcriptional regulator of cycl [...] (740 aa) |
| | Ticam2 | TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 2; Functions as sorting adapter in different signaling pathways to facilitate downstream signaling leading to type I interferon induction. In TLR4 signaling, physically bridges TLR4 and TICAM1 and functionally transmits signal to TICAM1 in early endosomes after endocytosis of TLR4. In TLR2 signaling, physically bridges TLR2 and MYD88 and is required for the TLR2-dependent movement of MYD88 to endosomes following ligand engagement. Involved in IL-18 signaling and is proposed to function as a sorting adapter for MYD88 in IL-18 signaling during adapt [...] (232 aa) |
| | Mapkbp1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase-binding protein 1; Negative regulator of NOD2 function. It down-regulates NOD2- induced processes such as activation of NF-kappa-B signaling, IL8 secretion and antibacterial response (By similarity). Involved in JNK signaling pathway. (1503 aa) |
| | Nr1d1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1; Transcriptional repressor which coordinates circadian rhythm and metabolic pathways in a heme-dependent manner. Integral component of the complex transcription machinery that governs circadian rhythmicity and forms a critical negative limb of the circadian clock by directly repressing the expression of core clock components ARTNL/BMAL1, CLOCK and CRY1. Also regulates genes involved in metabolic functions, including lipid and bile acid metabolism, adipogenesis, gluconeogenesis and the macrophage inflammatory response. Acts as a receptor for [...] (615 aa) |
| | Prkcb | Protein kinase C beta type; Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various cellular processes such as regulation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signalosome, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, androgen receptor-dependent transcription regulation, insulin signaling and endothelial cells proliferation. Plays a key role in B-cell activation by regulating BCR- induced NF-kappa-B activation. Mediates the activation of the canonical NF-kappa-B pathway (NFKB1) by direct phosphorylation of CARD11/CARMA1 at 'Ser-559', 'Ser- [...] (673 aa) |
| | Btrc | F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 1A; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Recognizes and binds to phosphorylated target proteins. SCF(BTRC) mediates the ubiquitination of phosphorylated NFKB, ATF4, CDC25A, DLG1, FBXO5, PER1, SMAD3, SMAD4, SNAI1 and probably NFKB2. SCF(BTRC) mediates the ubiquitination of CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling (By similarity). SCF(BTRC) mediates the ubiquitination of NFKBIA, NFKBIB and NFKBIE; [...] (605 aa) |
| | Tle1 | Transducin-like enhancer protein 1; Transcriptional corepressor that binds to a number of transcription factors. Inhibits NF-kappa-B-regulated gene expression. Inhibits the transcriptional activation mediated by FOXA2, and by CTNNB1 and TCF family members in Wnt signaling. The effects of full- length TLE family members may be modulated by association with dominant-negative AES. Unusual function as coactivator for ESRRG (By similarity); Belongs to the WD repeat Groucho/TLE family. (770 aa) |
| | Unc5cl | UNC5C-like protein; Inhibits NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription by impairing NF- kappa-B binding to its targets; Belongs to the unc-5 family. (518 aa) |
| | Irak4 | Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in initiating innate immune response against foreign pathogens. Involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) and IL-1R signaling pathways. Is rapidly recruited by MYD88 to the receptor-signaling complex upon TLR activation to form the Myddosome together with IRAK2. Phosphorylates initially IRAK1, thus stimulating the kinase activity and intensive autophosphorylation of IRAK1. Phosphorylates E3 ubiquitin ligases Pellino proteins (PELI1, PELI2 and PELI3) to promote pellino-mediated polyubiquiti [...] (459 aa) |
| | Abl1 | Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion, receptor endocytosis, autophagy, DNA damage response and apoptosis. Coordinates actin remodeling through tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins controlling cytoskeleton dynamics like WASF3 (involved in branch formation); ANXA1 (involved in membrane anchoring); DBN1, DBNL, CTTN, RAPH1 and ENAH (involved in signaling); or MAPT and PXN (microtubule-bindin [...] (1142 aa) |
| | Trim30a | Tripartite motif-containing protein 30A; Trans-acting factor that regulates gene expression of interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain. May affect IL2R-alpha expression through cis-acting negative regulatory elements or through competition with proteins that bind to enhancer or activator sequences. Negatively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated activation of NFKB by promoting degradation of TAB2 and TAB3 and preventing TRAF6 autoubiquitination. Negatively regulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which inhibits activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. This, in turn, [...] (496 aa) |
| | Tank | TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator; Adapter protein involved in I-kappa-B-kinase (IKK) regulation which constitutively binds TBK1 and IKBKE playing a role in antiviral innate immunity. Acts as a regulator of TRAF function by maintaining them in a latent state. Blocks TRAF2 binding to LMP1 and inhibits LMP1- mediated NF-kappa-B activation. Negatively regulates NF-kappaB signaling and cell survival upon DNA damage. Plays a role as an adapter to assemble ZC3H12A, USP10 in a deubiquitination complex which plays a negative feedback response to attenuate NF-kappaB activation [...] (448 aa) |
| | Lilrb4a | Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4; Receptor for class I MHC antigens. Involved in the down- regulation of the immune response and the development of tolerance. Interferes with TNFRSF5-signaling and NF-kappa-B up-regulation. Inhibits receptor-mediated phosphorylation of cellular proteins and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions (By similarity). (335 aa) |
| | Ppm1b | Protein phosphatase 1B; Enzyme with a broad specificity. Dephosphorylates PRKAA1 and PRKAA2. Inhibits TBK1-mediated antiviral signaling by dephosphorylating it at 'Ser-172'. Plays an important role in the termination of TNF- alpha-mediated NF-kappa-B activation through dephosphorylating and inactivating IKBKB/IKKB; Belongs to the PP2C family. (477 aa) |
| | Plcg2 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. It is a crucial enzyme in transmembrane signaling (By similarity). (1265 aa) |
| | Trim68 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM68; Functions as a ubiquitin E3 ligase. Acts as a coactivator of androgen receptor (AR) depending on its ubiquitin ligase activity. (485 aa) |
| | Tlr9 | Toll-like receptor 9; Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll- like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR9 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by unmethylated cytidine- phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Plays a role in defense against systemic mouse cytomegalovirus infection. Controls lymphocyte response to Helicobacter infection. Upon CpG stimulatio [...] (1032 aa) |
| | Atp2c1 | Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1; This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of the calcium. (952 aa) |
| | Traf5 | TNF receptor-associated factor 5; Adapter protein and signal transducer that links members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family to different signaling pathways by association with the receptor cytoplasmic domain and kinases. Mediates activation of NF-kappa-B and probably JNK. Seems to be involved in apoptosis. Plays a role in mediating activation of NF- kappa-B by EIF2AK2/PKR. (552 aa) |
| | Card11 | Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11; Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependent manner. Activates NF-kappa-B via BCL10 and IKK. Stimulates the phosphorylation of BCL10. Also activates the TORC1 signaling pathway (By similarity). (1154 aa) |
| | Tnip2 | TNFAIP3-interacting protein 2; Inhibits NF-kappa-B activation by blocking the interaction of RIPK1 with its downstream effector NEMO/IKBKG. Forms a ternary complex with NFKB1 and MAP3K8 but appears to function upstream of MAP3K8 in the TLR4 signaling pathway that regulates MAP3K8 activation. Involved in activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway during innate immune response; this function seems to be stimulus- and cell type specific. Required for stability of MAP3K8. Involved in regulation of apoptosis in endothelial cells; promotes TEK agonist-stimulated endothelial survival. May ac [...] (430 aa) |
| | Olfm4 | Olfactomedin-4; May promote proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by favoring the transition from the S to G2/M phase. In myeloid leukemic cell lines, inhibits cell growth and induces cell differentiation and apoptosis. May play a role in the inhibition of EIF4EBP1 phosphorylation/deactivation. Facilitates cell adhesion, most probably through interaction with cell surface lectins and cadherin (By similarity). (538 aa) |
| | Otud7b | OTU domain-containing protein 7B; Negative regulator of the non-canonical NF-kappa-B pathway that acts by mediating deubiquitination of TRAF3, an inhibitor of the NF-kappa-B pathway, thereby acting as a negative regulator of B-cell responses. In response to non-canonical NF-kappa-B stimuli, deubiquitinates 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains of TRAF3, preventing TRAF3 proteolysis and over-activation of non-canonical NF- kappa-B. Negatively regulates mucosal immunity against infections. Deubiquitinates ZAP70, and thereby regulates T cell receptor (TCR) signaling that leads to the activ [...] (840 aa) |
| | Dab2ip | Disabled homolog 2-interacting protein; Functions as a scaffold protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Involved in several processes such as innate immune response, inflammation and cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, cell survival, angiogenesis, cell migration and maturation. Plays also a role in cell cycle checkpoint control; reduces G1 phase cyclin levels resulting in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Mediates signal transduction by receptor- mediated inflammatory signals, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon [...] (1189 aa) |
| | Wdr83 | WD repeat domain-containing protein 83; Molecular scaffold protein for various multimeric protein complexes. Involved in response to hypoxia by acting as a negative regulator of HIF1A/HIF-1-alpha via its interaction with EGLN3/PHD3. May promote degradation of HIF1A. May act by recruiting signaling complexes to a specific upstream activator (By similarity). Also acts as a module in the assembly of a multicomponent scaffold for the ERK pathway, linking ERK responses to specific agonists. At low concentrations it enhances ERK activation, whereas high concentrations lead to the inhibition [...] (315 aa) |
| | Ccl21a | C-C motif chemokine 21a; Inhibits hemopoiesis and stimulates chemotaxis. Chemotactic in vitro for thymocytes and activated T-cells, but not for B-cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. Potent mesangial cell chemoattractant. Shows preferential activity towards naive T-cells. May play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs; Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. (133 aa) |
| | Prkce | Protein kinase C epsilon type; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays essential roles in the regulation of multiple cellular processes linked to cytoskeletal proteins, such as cell adhesion, motility, migration and cell cycle, functions in neuron growth and ion channel regulation, and is involved in immune response, cancer cell invasion and regulation of apoptosis. Mediates cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix via integrin- dependent signaling, by mediating angiotensin-2-induced activation of integrin beta- [...] (737 aa) |
| | Cd74 | H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain; Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to compartments where peptide loading of class II takes place. Enhance also the stimulation of T-cell responses through interaction with CD44. (279 aa) |
| | Gm13304 | C-C motif chemokine 21b; Inhibits hemopoiesis and stimulates chemotaxis. Chemotactic in vitro for thymocytes and activated T-cells, but not for B-cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. Potent mesangial cell chemoattractant. Shows preferential activity towards naive T-cells. May play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs. (133 aa) |
| | Gm21541 | Predicted gene, 21541. (133 aa) |
| | Trim5 | Tripartite motif-containing 5. (497 aa) |
| | Trim6 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 6; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which ubiquitinates MYC and inhibits its transcription activation activity, maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Involved in the synthesis of unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin chains which interact with and activate the serine/threonine kinase IKBKE, leading to phosphorylation of STAT1 and stimulation of an antiviral response ; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (488 aa) |
| | Ube2n | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N; The UBE2V1-UBE2N and UBE2V2-UBE2N heterodimers catalyze the synthesis of non-canonical 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. This type of polyubiquitination does not lead to protein degradation by the proteasome. Mediates transcriptional activation of target genes. Plays a role in the control of progress through the cell cycle and differentiation. Plays a role in the error-free DNA repair pathway and contributes to the survival of cells after DNA damage. Acts together with the E3 ligases, HLTF and SHPRH, in the 'Lys-63'-linked poly-ubiquitination of P [...] (152 aa) |
| | Fyn | Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many biological processes including regulation of cell growth and survival, cell adhesion, integrin-mediated signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling, cell motility, immune response and axon guidance. Inactive FYN is phosphorylated on its C-terminal tail within the catalytic domain. Following activation by PKA, the protein subsequently associates with PTK2/FAK1, allowing PTK2/FAK1 phosphorylation, activation and targeting to focal adhesions. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and motility through [...] (537 aa) |
| | Card9 | Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9; Adapter protein that plays a key role in innate immune response to a number of intracellular pathogens, such as C.albicans and L.monocytogenes. Is at the crossroads of ITAM-tyrosine kinase and the Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD2 signaling pathways. Probably controls various innate immune response pathways depending on the intracellular pathogen. Controls CLEC7A (dectin-1)-mediated myeloid cell activation induced by the yeast cell wall component zymosan, leading to cytokine production and innate anti- fungal immunity: acts by regulatin [...] (536 aa) |
| | Tmem106a | Transmembrane protein 106A; Activates macrophages and polarizes them into M1-like macrophages through the activation of the MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Upon activation, upregulates the expression of CD80, CD86, CD69 and MHC II on macrophages, and induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL1B, IL6, CCL2 and nitric oxide. May play a role in inhibition of proliferation and migration (By similarity); Belongs to the TMEM106 family. (261 aa) |
| | Peli1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase pellino homolog 1; E3 ubiquitin ligase catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins (By similarity). Involved in the TLR and IL-1 signaling pathways via interaction with the complex containing IRAK kinases and TRAF6. Mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of IRAK1 allowing subsequent NF-kappa-B activation. Mediates 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination of RIPK3 leading to its subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation; preferentially recognizes and mediates the degradation of the 'Thr-182' phosphorylated form of RIPK3. [...] (418 aa) |
| | Hdac1 | Histone deacetylase 1; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Deacetylates SP proteins, SP1 and SP3, and regulates their function. Component of the BRG1-RB1-HDAC1 complex, which negatively regulates the CREST-mediated transcription in resting neurons. Upon calcium st [...] (482 aa) |
| | Tnip1 | TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1; Inhibits NF-kappa-B activation and TNF-induced NF-kappa-B- dependent gene expression by regulating A20/TNFAIP3-mediated deubiquitination of IKBKG; proposed to link A20/TNFAIP3 to ubiquitinated IKBKG. Involved in regulation of EGF-induced ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathway; blocks MAPK3/MAPK1 nuclear translocation and MAPK1- dependent transcription. Increases cell surface CD4(T4) antigen expression. Involved in the anti-inflammatory response of macrophages and positively regulates TLR-induced activation of CEBPB. Involved in the prevention of autoimmunity; this f [...] (647 aa) |
| | Sqstm1 | Sequestosome-1; Autophagy receptor required for selective macroautophagy (aggrephagy). Functions as a bridge between polyubiquitinated cargo and autophagosomes. Interacts directly with both the cargo to become degraded and an autophagy modifier of the MAP1 LC3 family. Required both for the formation and autophagic degradation of polyubiquitin- containing bodies, called ALIS (aggresome-like induced structures) and links ALIS to the autophagic machinery. Involved in midbody ring degradation (By similarity). May regulate the activation of NFKB1 by TNF-alpha, nerve growth factor (NGF) and [...] (442 aa) |
| | Rel | Proto-oncogene c-Rel; Proto-oncogene that may play a role in differentiation and lymphopoiesis. NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell types and is involved in many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferen [...] (588 aa) |
| | Lilr4b | Mast cell surface glycoprotein Gp49A; May play a role in cell-cell or cell-cytokine interactions during the development of mast cells. (303 aa) |
| | Pdpk1 | 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as a master kinase, phosphorylating and activating a subgroup of the AGC family of protein kinases. Its targets include: protein kinase B (PKB/AKT1, PKB/AKT2, PKB/AKT3), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KB1), p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2 and RPS6KA3), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACA), protein kinase C (PRKCD and PRKCZ), serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1, SGK2 and SGK3), p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1), protein kinase PKN (PKN1 and PKN2). Plays a central rol [...] (559 aa) |
| | Ccl19 | C-C motif chemokine 19; Strongly chemotactic for naive (L-selectinhi) CD4 T-cells and for CD8 T-cells and weakly attractive for resting B-cells and memory (L-selectinlo) CD4 T-cells. May play a role in promoting encounters between recirculating T-cells and dendritic cells and in the migration of activated B-cells into the T-zone of secondary lymphoid tissues. Binds to chemokine receptor CCR7. Binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR4 and mediates the recruitment of beta-arrestin (ARRB1/2) to ACKR4. (108 aa) |
| | Ufl1 | E3 UFM1-protein ligase 1; E3 protein ligase that mediates ufmylation, the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like modifier UFM1 to substrate proteins, a post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins that may play a crucial role in a number of cellular processes. Mediates DDRGK1 ufmylation and may regulate the proteasomal degradation of DDRGK1 and CDK5RAP3 thereby modulating NF-kappa-B signaling. May also play a role in nuclear receptor-mediated transcription through TRIP4 ufmylation. May play a role in the unfolded protein response, mediating the ufmylation of multip [...] (793 aa) |
| | Nr1h4 | Bile acid receptor; Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor for bile acids (BAs) such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and allocholic acid (ACA). Plays a essential role in BA homeostasis through the regulation of genes involved in BA synthesis, conjugation and enterohepatic circulation. Also regulates lipid and glucose homeostasis and is involved in innate immune response. The FXR-RXR heterodimer binds predominantly to farnesoid X receptor response elements (FXREs) containing two inverted repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' in [...] (488 aa) |
| | Esr1 | Estrogen receptor; Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE- independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial a [...] (599 aa) |
| | Trim30c | Tripartite motif-containing 30C. (513 aa) |
| | Trim12a | Tripartite motif-containing protein 12A; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (297 aa) |
| | Trim34b | Tripartite motif-containing 34B. (485 aa) |
| | Lpar1 | Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1; Receptor for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Plays a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell migration, differentiation and proliferation, and thereby contributes to the responses to tissue damage and infectious agents. Activates downstream signaling cascades via the G(i)/G(o), G(12)/G(13), and G(q) families of heteromeric G proteins. Signaling inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity and decreases cellular cAMP levels. Signaling triggers an increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels. Activates RALA; this leads to the activation of phospholipase C [...] (364 aa) |
| | Sphk2 | Sphingosine kinase 2; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on D-erythro-dihydrosphingosine, D- erythro-sphingosine and L-threo-dihydrosphingosine. Binds phosphoinositides. In contrast to prosurvival SPHK1, has a positive effect on intracellular ceramide levels, inhibits cells growth and enhances apoptosis. In mitochondria, is important for cytochrome-c oxidase assembly and mitochondrial respiration. The SPP produced in mitochondria binds PHB2 and modulates the regulat [...] (617 aa) |
| | Trim59 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 59; May serve as a multifunctional regulator for innate immune signaling pathways; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (403 aa) |
| | Trim25 | E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25; Functions as a ubiquitin E3 ligase and as an ISG15 E3 ligase. Involved in innate immune defense against viruses by mediating ubiquitination of DDX58 and IFIH1. Mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of the DDX58 N-terminal CARD-like region and may play a role in signal transduction that leads to the production of interferons in response to viral infection. Mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of IFIH1. Promotes ISGylation of 14-3-3 sigma (SFN), an adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum signaling pathway. Mediates e [...] (634 aa) |
| | Nlrp12 | NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 12; Plays an essential role as an potent mitigator of inflammation. Primarily expressed in dendritic cells and macrophages, inhibits both canonical and non- canonical NF-kappa-B and ERK activation pathways. Functions as a negative regulator of NOD2 by targeting it to degradation via the proteasome pathway. In turn, promotes bacterial tolerance. Inhibits also the DDX58-mediated immune signaling against RNA viruses by reducing the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25-mediated 'Lys-63'-linked DDX58 activation but enhancing the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF125 [...] (1054 aa) |
| | Cpne1 | Copine-1; Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes. Involved in the TNF- alpha receptor signaling pathway in a calcium-dependent manner. Exhibits calcium-dependent phospholipid binding properties. Plays a role in neuronal progenitor cell differentiation; induces neurite outgrowth via a AKT-dependent signaling cascade and calcium-independent manner. May recruit target proteins to the cell membrane in a calcium- dependent manner. May function in membrane trafficking. Involved in TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappa-B transcription [...] (536 aa) |
| | Rbck1 | RanBP-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger-containing protein 1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, such as UBE2L3/UBCM4, and then transfers it to substrates. Functions as an E3 ligase for oxidized IREB2 and both heme and oxygen are necessary for IREB2 ubiquitination. Promotes ubiquitination of TAB2 and IRF3 and their degradation by the proteasome. Component of the LUBAC complex which conjugates linear ('Met-1'-linked) polyubiquitin chains to substrates and plays a key role in NF-kappa-B activation and regulation of inflammat [...] (508 aa) |
| | Zmynd11 | Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 11; Chromatin reader that specifically recognizes and binds histone H3.3 trimethylated at 'Lys-36' (H3.3K36me3) and regulates RNA polymerase II elongation. Does not bind other histone H3 subtypes (H3.1 or H3.2). Colocalizes with highly expressed genes and functions as a transcription corepressor by modulating RNA polymerase II at the elongation stage. Binds non-specifically to dsDNA (By similarity). Acts as a tumor-suppressor by repressing a transcriptional program essential for tumor cell growth. (604 aa) |
| | Tnfrsf19 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19; Can mediate activation of c-Jun and NF-kappa-B. May promote caspase-independent cell death (By similarity). Isoform 2 and isoform 3 may act as decoy receptors. (416 aa) |
| | Mid2 | Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MID2; May play a role in microtubule stabilization. Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (685 aa) |
| | Trem2 | Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; Forms a receptor signaling complex with TYROBP which mediates signaling and cell activation following ligand binding. Acts as a receptor for amyloid-beta protein 42, a cleavage product of the amyloid-beta precursor protein APP, and mediates its uptake and degradation by microglia. Binding to amyloid-beta 42 mediates microglial activation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis and expression of pro- inflammatory cytokines, such as IL6R and CCL3, and the anti- inflammatory cytokine ARG1. Acts as a receptor for lipoprotein particles such as [...] (249 aa) |
| | Trim39 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM39; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (By similarity). May facilitate apoptosis by inhibiting APC/C-Cdh1-mediated poly-ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of the pro-apoptotic protein MOAP1 (By similarity). Regulates the G1/S transition of the cell cycle and DNA damage-induced G2 arrest by stabilizing CDKN1A/p21 (By similarity). Positively regulates CDKN1A/p21 stability by competing with DTL for CDKN1A/p21 binding, therefore disrupting DCX(DTL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex-mediated CDKN1A/p21 ubiquitination and degradation (By similarity). (488 aa) |
| | Eda | Ectodysplasin-A, membrane form; Cytokine which is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal signaling during morphogenesis of ectodermal organs. Functions as a ligand activating the DEATH-domain containing receptors EDAR and EDA2R. Isoform TAA binds only to the receptor EDAR, while isoform TA-A2 binds exclusively to the receptor EDA2R (By similarity). May also play a role in cell adhesion. Isoform TA-A2 binds exclusively to the receptor EDA2R. Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. (391 aa) |
| | Traf2 | TNF receptor-associated factor 2; Regulates activation of NF-kappa-B and JNK and plays a central role in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Has E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promotes 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of target proteins, such as BIRC3, RIPK1 and TICAM1. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, where it promotes the ubiquitination of target proteins by bringing them into contact with other E3 ubiquitin ligases. Regulates BIRC2 and BIRC3 protein levels [...] (508 aa) |
| | Tnip3 | TNFAIP3-interacting protein 3. (208 aa) |
| | Flna | Filamin-A; Actin binding protein that promotes orthogonal branching of actin filaments and links actin filaments to membrane glycoproteins. Anchors various transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and serves as a scaffold for a wide range of cytoplasmic signaling proteins (By similarity). Interaction with FLNB may allow neuroblast migration from the ventricular zone into the cortical plate. Tethers cell surface-localized furin, modulates its rate of internalization and directs its intracellular trafficking. Involved in ciliogenesis. Plays a role in cell-cell contacts and adhere [...] (2639 aa) |
| | Cflar | CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator subunit p12; Apoptosis regulator protein which may function as a crucial link between cell survival and cell death pathways in mammalian cells. Acts as an inhibitor of TNFRSF6 mediated apoptosis. A proteolytic fragment (p43) is likely retained in the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) thereby blocking further recruitment and processing of caspase-8 at the complex. Full length and shorter isoforms have been shown either to induce apoptosis or to reduce TNFRSF-triggered apoptosis. Lacks enzymatic (caspase) activity (By similarity). Belongs to [...] (481 aa) |
| | Zc3hav1 | Zinc finger CCCH-type antiviral protein 1; Antiviral protein which inhibits the replication of viruses by recruiting the cellular RNA degradation machineries to degrade the viral mRNAs. Binds to a ZAP-responsive element (ZRE) present in the target viral mRNA, recruits cellular poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN to remove the poly(A) tail, and the 3'-5' exoribonuclease complex exosome to degrade the RNA body from the 3'-end. It also recruits the decapping complex DCP1-DCP2 through RNA helicase p72 (DDX17) to remove the cap structure of the viral mRNA to initiate its degradation from the [...] (996 aa) |
| | Optn | Optineurin; Plays an important role in the maintenance of the Golgi complex, in membrane trafficking, in exocytosis, through its interaction with myosin VI and Rab8. Links myosin VI to the Golgi complex and plays an important role in Golgi ribbon formation. Plays a role in the activation of innate immune response during viral infection. Mechanistically, recruits TBK1 at the Golgi apparatus, promoting its trans-phosphorylation after RLR or TLR3 stimulation. In turn, activated TBK1 phosphorylates its downstream partner IRF3 to produce IFN-beta. Plays a neuroprotective role in the eye and [...] (584 aa) |
| | Sirt1 | NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase that links transcriptional regulation directly to intracellular energetics and participates in the coordination of several separated cellular functions such as cell cycle, response to DNA damage, metabolism, apoptosis and autophagy. Can modulate chromatin function through deacetylation of histones and can promote alterations in the methylation of histones and DNA, leading to transcriptional repression (By similarity). Deacetylates a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, thereby regulating ta [...] (737 aa) |
| | Card6 | Caspase recruitment domain family, member 6. (1175 aa) |
| | Cth | Cystathionine gamma-lyase; Catalyzes the last step in the trans-sulfuration pathway from methionine to cysteine. Has broad substrate specificity. Converts cystathionine to cysteine, ammonia and 2-oxobutanoate. Converts two cysteine molecules to lanthionine and hydrogen sulfide. Can also accept homocysteine as substrate. Specificity depends on the levels of the endogenous substrates. Generates the endogenous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and so contributes to the regulation of blood pressure. Acts as a cysteine-protein sulfhydrase by mediating sulfhydration of target protei [...] (398 aa) |
| | Nod2 | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; Involved in gastrointestinal immunity. Upon stimulation by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan, binds the proximal adapter receptor-interacting RIPK2, which recruits ubiquitin ligases as XIAP, BIRC2, BIRC3, INAVA and the LUBAC complex, triggering activation of MAP kinases and activation of NF-kappa-B signaling. This in turn leads to the transcriptional activation of hundreds of genes involved in immune response. Required for MDP-induced NLRP1-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B release in macroph [...] (1013 aa) |
| | Inava | Innate immunity activator protein; Expressed in peripheral macrophages and intestinal myeloid- derived cells, is required for optimal PRR (pattern recognition receptor)-induced signaling, cytokine secretion, and bacterial clearance. Upon stimulation of a broad range of PRRs (pattern recognition receptor) such as NOD2 or TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9, associates with YWHAQ/14-3-3T, which in turn leads to the recruitment and activation of MAP kinases and NF-kappa-B signaling complexes that amplifies PRR-induced downstream signals and cytokine secretion (By similarity). In the int [...] (677 aa) |
| | Gapdh | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubu [...] (359 aa) |
| | Ube2v1 | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1. (173 aa) |
| | Tab2 | TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2; Adapter linking MAP3K7/TAK1 and TRAF6. Promotes MAP3K7 activation in the IL1 signaling pathway. The binding of 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains to TAB2 promotes autophosphorylation of MAP3K7 at 'Thr-187' (By similarity). Regulates the IL1-mediated translocation of NCOR1 out of the nucleus. Involved in heart development (By similarity). (693 aa) |
| | Usp10 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 10; Hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from target proteins such as p53/TP53, BECN1, SNX3 and CFTR. Acts as an essential regulator of p53/TP53 stability: in unstressed cells, specifically deubiquitinates p53/TP53 in the cytoplasm, leading to counteract MDM2 action and stabilize p53/TP53. Following DNA damage, translocates to the nucleus and deubiquitinates p53/TP53, leading to regulate the p53/TP53-dependent DNA damage response. Component of a regulatory loop that controls autophagy and p53/TP53 levels: mediates deubiquitination of BECN [...] (793 aa) |
| | Tifa | TRAF-interacting protein with FHA domain-containing protein A; Adapter molecule that plays a key role in the activation of proinflammatory NF-kappa-B signaling following detection of bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern metabolites (PAMPs). Promotes activation of an innate immune response by inducing the oligomerization and polyubiquitination of TRAF6, which leads to the activation of TAK1 and IKK through a proteasome- independent mechanism (By similarity). TIFA-dependent innate immune response is triggered by ADP-D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose (ADP- Heptose), a potent PAMP [...] (184 aa) |
| | Trim13 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM13; Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane anchored E3 ligase involved in the retrotranslocation and turnover of membrane and secretory proteins from the ER through a set of processes named ER- associated degradation (ERAD). This process acts on misfolded proteins as well as in the regulated degradation of correctly folded proteins. Enhances ionizing radiation-induced p53/TP53 stability and apoptosis via ubiquitinating MDM2 and AKT1 and decreasing AKT1 kinase activity through MDM2 and AKT1 proteasomal degradation. Regulates ER stress- induced autophagy, and [...] (407 aa) |
| | Lamtor5 | Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR5; As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V- ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. When complexed to BIRC5, interferes with apoptosome assem [...] (145 aa) |
| | Gstp1 | Glutathione S-transferase P 1; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Can metabolize 1- chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration (By similarity). (210 aa) |
| | Akap13 | A-kinase anchor protein 13; Scaffold protein that plays an important role in assembling signaling complexes downstream of several types of G protein-coupled receptors. Activates RHOA in response to signaling via G protein- coupled receptors via its function as Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor. May also activate other Rho family members. Part of a kinase signaling complex that links ADRA1A and ADRA1B adrenergic receptor signaling to the activation of downstream p38 MAP kinases, such as MAPK11 and MAPK14. Part of a signaling complex that links ADRA1B signaling to the activation of [...] (2776 aa) |
| | Ripk1 | Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1; Serine-threonine kinase which is a key regulator of both cell death and cell survival. Exhibits kinase activity- dependent functions that trigger cell death and kinase-independent scaffold functions regulating inflammatory signaling and cell survival. Initiates ripoptocide which describes cell death that is dependent on RIPK1, be it apoptosis or necroptosis. Upon binding of TNF to TNFR1, RIPK1 is recruited to the TNF-R1 signaling complex (TNF-RSC also known as complex I) where it acts as a scaffold protein promoting cell survival, [...] (656 aa) |
| | Traf1 | TNF receptor-associated factor 1; Adapter molecule that regulates the activation of NF-kappa-B and JNK. Plays a role in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. The heterotrimer formed by TRAF1 and TRAF2 is part of a E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex that promotes ubiquitination of target proteins, such as MAP3K14. The TRAF1/TRAF2 complex recruits the antiapoptotic E3 protein-ubiquitin ligases BIRC2 and BIRC3 to TNFRSF1B/TNFR2 (By similarity). (409 aa) |
| | Trim30b | Tripartite motif-containing 30B. (159 aa) |
| | Cd36 | Platelet glycoprotein 4; Multifunctional glycoprotein that acts as receptor for a broad range of ligands. Ligands can be of proteinaceous nature like thrombospondin, fibronectin, collagen or amyloid-beta as well as of lipidic nature such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), anionic phospholipids, long-chain fatty acids and bacterial diacylated lipopeptides. They are generally multivalent and can therefore engage multiple receptors simultaneously, the resulting formation of CD36 clusters initiates signal transduction and internalization of receptor-ligand complexes. The dependen [...] (472 aa) |
| | Ccl21a-2 | C-C motif chemokine 21a. (133 aa) |
| | Gm10591 | Predicted gene 10591. (133 aa) |
| | Ccl21b-2 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21B (leucine). (133 aa) |
| | Ccl19-2 | Predicted 2023. (108 aa) |
| | Ccl21b-3 | C-C motif chemokine 21b. (133 aa) |
| | Ccl21b-4 | C-C motif chemokine 21c. (133 aa) |
| | Ccl19-3 | C-C motif chemokine. (104 aa) |
| | Nlrc3 | Protein NLRC3; Negative regulator of the innate immune response. Attenuates signaling pathways activated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the DNA sensor STING/TMEM173 in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as intracellular poly(dA:dT), but not poly(I:C), or in response to DNA virus infection, including that of Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1). May affect TLR4 signaling by acting at the level of TRAF6 ubiquitination, decreasing the activating 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination and leaving unchanged the degradative 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitination. Inhibits the PI3K-AKT-mTOR [...] (1102 aa) |
| | Nlrp6 | NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 6; As the sensor component of the NLRP6 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to yet unidentified signals, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of NLRP6, PYCARD and CASP1 (or possibly CASP4/CASP11). Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1-catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and secretion in the extracellular milieu. The precise NLRP6 activation stimulus has not been identified yet (By similarity). Essential for gut mucosal self- [...] (869 aa) |
| | Birc2 | Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2; Multi-functional protein which regulates not only caspases and apoptosis, but also modulates inflammatory signaling and immunity, mitogenic kinase signaling, and cell proliferation, as well as cell invasion and metastasis. Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating NF-kappa-B signaling and regulates both canonical and non- canonical NF-kappa-B signaling by acting in opposite directions: acts as a positive regulator of the canonical pathway and suppresses constitutive activation of non-canonical NF-kappa-B signaling. The target protein [...] (612 aa) |
| | Ash1l | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASH1L; Histone methyltransferase specifically trimethylating 'Lys- 36' of histone H3 forming H3K36me3 (By similarity). Also monomethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me1) in vitro. The physiological significance of the H3K9me1 activity is unclear (Probable). (2958 aa) |
| | Casp8 | Caspase-8 subunit p10; Most upstream protease of the activation cascade of caspases responsible for the TNFRSF6/FAS mediated and TNFRSF1A induced cell death. Binding to the adapter molecule FADD recruits it to either receptor. The resulting aggregate called death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs CASP8 proteolytic activation. The active dimeric enzyme is then liberated from the DISC and free to activate downstream apoptotic proteases. Proteolytic fragments of the N-terminal propeptide (termed CAP3, CAP5 and CAP6) are likely retained in the DISC. Cleaves and activates CASP3, CA [...] (500 aa) |
| | Prkn | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin; Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins, such as BCL2, SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPTIN5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746 and AIMP2. Mediates monoubiquitination as well as 'Lys-6', 'Lys-11', 'Lys-48'-linked and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context. Participates in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of mi [...] (464 aa) |
| | Stat1 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signaling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to [...] (755 aa) |
| | Zfand6 | AN1-type zinc finger protein 6; Involved in regulation of TNF-alpha induced NF-kappa-B activation and apoptosis. Involved in modulation of 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination status of TRAF2 and decreases association of TRAF2 with RIPK1 (By similarity). Required for PTS1 target sequence-dependent protein import into peroxisomes and PEX5 stability; may cooperate with PEX6. In vitro involved in PEX5 export from the cytosol to peroxisomes. (223 aa) |
| | Gprc5b | G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member B; Unknown. This retinoic acid-inducible G-protein coupled receptor provide evidence for a possible interaction between retinoid and G-protein signaling pathways (By similarity). (411 aa) |
| | Triml2 | Tripartite motif family-like 2. (424 aa) |
| | Gm49339 | Predicted gene, 49339. (335 aa) |
| | Pim2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-2; Proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity involved in cell survival and cell proliferation. Exerts its oncogenic activity through: the regulation of MYC transcriptional activity, the regulation of cell cycle progression, the regulation of cap-dependent protein translation and through survival signaling by phosphorylation of a pro- apoptotic protein, BAD. Phosphorylation of MYC leads to an increase of MYC protein stability and thereby an increase of transcriptional activity. The stabilization of MYC exerted by PIM2 might explain partly t [...] (370 aa) |
| | Trim27 | Zinc finger protein RFP; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of PIK3C2B and inhibits its activity; mediates the formation of 'Lys-48'- linked polyubiquitin chains; the function inhibits CD4 T-cell activation. Acts as a regulator of retrograde transport: together with MAGEL2, mediates the formation of 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains at 'Lys-220' of WASHC1, leading to promote endosomal F-actin assembly. Has a transcriptional repressor activity. Induces apoptosis by activating Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase and also increases caspase-3-like activity indepen [...] (513 aa) |
| | Trim38 | Tripartite motif-containing 38. (471 aa) |
| | Ube2i | SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9; Accepts the ubiquitin-like proteins SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 from the UBLE1A-UBLE1B E1 complex and catalyzes their covalent attachment to other proteins with the help of an E3 ligase such as RANBP2, CBX4 and ZNF451. Can catalyze the formation of poly-SUMO chains. Essential for nuclear architecture, chromosome segregation and embryonic viability. Necessary for sumoylation of FOXL2 and KAT5 (By similarity). Sumoylates p53/TP53 at 'Lys-386'. Mediates sumoylation of ERCC6 which is essential for its transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair activity (By si [...] (158 aa) |
| | Tirap | Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein; Adapter involved in the TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK2 and TRAF-6, leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, and resulting in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (By similarity). Positively regulates the production of TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 (By similarity). (249 aa) |
| | Ccl21b | C-C motif chemokine 21c. (133 aa) |
| | Fasl | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF6/FAS, a receptor that transduces the apoptotic signal into cells. Involved in cytotoxic T-cell-mediated apoptosis, natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis and in T-cell development. Initiates fratricidal/suicidal activation-induced cell death (AICD) in antigen-activated T-cells contributing to the termination of immune responses. TNFRSF6/FAS-mediated apoptosis has also a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance. Binds to TNFRSF6B/DcR3, a decoy receptor that blocks apoptosis (By similarit [...] (279 aa) |
| | S100a4 | Protein S100-A4; Belongs to the S-100 family. (101 aa) |
| | Map3k3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3; Component of a protein kinase signal transduction cascade. Mediates activation of the NF-kappa-B, AP1 and DDIT3 transcriptional regulators. (626 aa) |
| | Prkd1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase D1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects downstream of PKC, and is involved in the regulation of MAPK8/JNK1 and Ras signaling, Golgi membrane integrity and trafficking, cell survival through NF-kappa-B activation, cell migration, cell differentiation by mediating HDAC7 nuclear export, cell proliferation via MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling, and plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy, VEGFA-induced angiogenesis, genotoxic-induced apoptosis and flagellin-stimulated inflammatory res [...] (918 aa) |
| | Irf3 | Interferon regulatory factor 3; Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)- dependent immune responses which plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN- beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon- stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Acts as a more potent activator of the IFN-beta (IFNB) gene than the IFN-alpha (IFNA) gene and plays a critical role in both the early and late phases of the IFNA/B gene induction. Found in an inacti [...] (419 aa) |
| | Edar | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member EDAR; Receptor for EDA isoform TAA, but not for EDA isoform TA-2 (By similarity). May mediate the activation of NF-kappa-B and JNK. May promote caspase-independent cell death. (448 aa) |
| | Brd4 | Bromodomain-containing protein 4; Chromatin reader protein that recognizes and binds acetylated histones and plays a key role in transmission of epigenetic memory across cell divisions and transcription regulation. Remains associated with acetylated chromatin throughout the entire cell cycle and provides epigenetic memory for postmitotic G1 gene transcription by preserving acetylated chromatin status and maintaining high-order chromatin structure. During interphase, plays a key role in regulating the transcription of signal-inducible genes by associating with the P-TEFb complex and rec [...] (1401 aa) |
| | Ikbkg | NF-kappa-B essential modulator; Regulatory subunit of the IKK core complex which phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. Its binding to scaffolding polyubiquitin seems to play a role in IKK activation by multiple signaling receptor pathways. Also considered to be a mediator for TAX activation of NF- kappa-B. Could be implicated in NF-kappa-B-mediated protection from cytokine toxicity. Involved in TLR3- and IFIH1-mediated antiviral innate response; this function requires [...] (430 aa) |
| | Traf6 | TNF receptor-associated factor 6; E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with UBE2N and UBE2V1, mediates the synthesis of 'Lys-63'-linked-polyubiquitin chains conjugated to proteins, such as IKBKG, IRAK1, AKT1 and AKT2. Also mediates ubiquitination of free/unanchored polyubiquitin chain that leads to MAP3K7 activation (By similarity). Leads to the activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. May be essential for the formation of functional osteoclasts. Seems to also play a role in dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and/or activation. Represses c-Myb-mediated transactivation, in B-lymphocytes. Adapter p [...] (530 aa) |
| | Hspb1 | Heat shock protein beta-1; Small heat shock protein which functions as a molecular chaperone probably maintaining denatured proteins in a folding- competent state. Plays a role in stress resistance and actin organization. Through its molecular chaperone activity may regulate numerous biological processes including the phosphorylation and the axonal transport of neurofilament proteins (By similarity). (209 aa) |
| | Ctnnb1 | Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa) |
| | Rhoa | Transforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis (By similarity). [...] (193 aa) |
| | Ankrd17 | Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 17; Could play pivotal roles in cell cycle and DNA regulation. Involved in innate immune defense against viruse by positively regulating the viral dsRNA receptors DDX58 and IFIH1 signaling pathways. Involves in NOD2- and NOD1-mediated responses to bacteria suggesting a role in innate antibacterial immune pathways too. Could play a central role for the formation and/or maintenance of the blood vessels of the circulation system. (2603 aa) |
| | Traf4 | TNF receptor-associated factor 4; Adapter protein and signal transducer that links members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family to different signaling pathways. Plays a role in the activation of NF-kappa-B and JNK, and in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. Regulates activation of NF-kappa-B in response to signaling through Toll-like receptors. Required for activation of RPS6KB1 in response to TNF signaling. Modulates TRAF6 functions (By similarity). Required for normal skeleton development, and for normal development of the respiratory tract. (470 aa) |
| | Cd40 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5; Receptor for TNFSF5/CD40LG (By similarity). Transduces TRAF6- and MAP3K8-mediated signals that activate ERK in macrophages and B cells, leading to induction of immunoglobulin secretion. (289 aa) |
| | Nkiras2 | NF-kappa-B inhibitor-interacting Ras-like protein 2; Atypical Ras-like protein that acts as a potent regulator of NF-kappa-B activity by preventing the degradation of NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta (NFKBIB) by most signals, explaining why NFKBIB is more resistant to degradation. May act by blocking phosphorylation of NFKBIB and nuclear localization of p65/RELA NF-kappa-B subunit. It is unclear whether it acts as a GTPase. Both GTP- and GDP-bound forms block phosphorylation of NFKBIB (By similarity); Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. KappaB-Ras subfamily. (191 aa) |
| | Rnf31 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF31; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase component of the LUBAC complex which conjugates linear ('Met-1'-linked) polyubiquitin chains to substrates and plays a key role in NF-kappa-B activation and regulation of inflammation. LUBAC conjugates linear polyubiquitin to IKBKG and RIPK1 and is involved in activation of the canonical NF-kappa-B and the JNK signaling pathways (By similarity). Linear ubiquitination mediated by the LUBAC complex interferes with TNF-induced cell death and thereby prevents inflammation. Recruited to the TNF-R1 signaling complex (TNF-RSC) fol [...] (1066 aa) |
| | Traf3ip2 | cDNA fis, clone TRACH2006870,moderately similar to Homo sapiens adaptor protein CIKS mRNA. (555 aa) |
| | Tnfaip3 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3; Ubiquitin-editing enzyme that contains both ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase activities. Involved in immune and inflammatory responses signaled by cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, or pathogens via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) through terminating NF-kappa-B activity. Essential component of a ubiquitin-editing protein complex, comprising also RNF11, ITCH and TAX1BP1, that ensures the transient nature of inflammatory signaling pathways. In cooperation with TAX1BP1 promotes disassembly of E2-E3 ubiquitin protein ligase complexes in [...] (775 aa) |
| | Tbk1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1; Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to foreign agents. Following activation of toll-like receptors by viral or bacterial components, associates with TRAF3 and TANK and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) IRF3 and IRF7 as well as DDX3X (By similarity). This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the IRFs leading to transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes including IFNA and IFNB (By similarity). In order to establish such [...] (729 aa) |
| | Per1 | Period circadian protein homolog 1; Transcriptional repressor which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardi [...] (1291 aa) |
| | Map3k14 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14; Lymphotoxin beta-activated kinase which seems to be exclusively involved in the activation of NF-kappa-B and its transcriptional activity. Promotes proteolytic processing of NFKB2/P100, which leads to activation of NF-kappa-B via the non- canonical pathway. Could act in a receptor-selective manner. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase kinase subfamily. (942 aa) |
| | Ppm1a | Protein phosphatase 1A; Enzyme with a broad specificity. Negatively regulates TGF- beta signaling through dephosphorylating SMAD2 and SMAD3, resulting in their dissociation from SMAD4, nuclear export of the SMADs and termination of the TGF-beta-mediated signaling (By similarity). Dephosphorylates PRKAA1 and PRKAA2. Plays an important role in the termination of TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappa-B activation through dephosphorylating and inactivating IKBKB/IKKB. (382 aa) |
| | Traf3 | TNF receptor-associated factor 3; Regulates pathways leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B and MAP kinases, and plays a central role in the regulation of B-cell survival. Part of signaling pathways leading to the production of cytokines and interferon. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Plays a role T-cell dependent immune responses. Plays a role in the regulation of antiviral responses. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promote 'Lys-63'- linked ubiquitination of [...] (567 aa) |
| | F2rl1 | Proteinase-activated receptor 2; Receptor for trypsin and trypsin-like enzymes coupled to G proteins. Its function is mediated through the activation of several signaling pathways including phospholipase C (PLC), intracellular calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), I-kappaB kinase/NF- kappaB and Rho. Can also be transactivated by cleaved F2r/Par1. Involved in modulation of inflammatory responses and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, and acts as a sensor for proteolytic enzymes generated during infection. Generally is promoting inflammation. Can signal synergistical [...] (399 aa) |
| | Tnfsf11 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF11B/OPG and to TNFRSF11A/RANK. Osteoclast differentiation and activation factor. Augments the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate naive T-cell proliferation. May be an important regulator of interactions between T-cells and dendritic cells and may play a role in the regulation of the T-cell-dependent immune response. May also play an important role in enhanced bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (By similarity). Induces osteoclastogenesis by activating multiple signali [...] (316 aa) |
| | Trim52 | Tripartite motif-containing 52. (233 aa) |
| | Mtdh | Protein LYRIC; Downregulates SLC1A2/EAAT2 promoter activity when expressed ectopically. Activates the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa-B) transcription factor. Promotes anchorage-independent growth of immortalized melanocytes and astrocytes which is a key component in tumor cell expansion. Promotes lung metastasis and also has an effect on bone and brain metastasis, possibly by enhancing the seeding of tumor cells to the target organ endothelium. Induces chemoresistance (By similarity). (579 aa) |
| | Angpt1 | Angiopoietin-1; Binds and activates TEK/TIE2 receptor by inducing its dimerization and tyrosine phosphorylation. Plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis, endothelial cell survival, proliferation, migration, adhesion and cell spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, but also maintenance of vascular quiescence. Required for normal angiogenesis and heart development during embryogenesis. After birth, activates or inhibits angiogenesis, depending on the context. Inhibits angiogenesis and promotes vascular stability in quiescent vessels, where endothelial cells [...] (498 aa) |
| | Litaf | Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor homolog; Plays a role in endosomal protein trafficking and in targeting proteins for lysosomal degradation. Plays a role in targeting endocytosed EGFR and ERGG3 for lysosomal degradation, and thereby helps downregulate downstream signaling cascades. Helps recruit the ESCRT complex components TSG101, HGS and STAM to cytoplasmic membranes. Probably plays a role in regulating protein degradation via its interaction with NEDD4 (By similarity). May also contribute to the regulation of gene expression in the nucleus. Binds DNA (in [...] (161 aa) |
| | Sharpin | Sharpin; Component of the LUBAC complex which conjugates linear polyubiquitin chains in a head-to-tail manner to substrates and plays a key role in NF-kappa-B activation and regulation of inflammation. LUBAC conjugates linear polyubiquitin to IKBKG and RIPK1 and is involved in activation of the canonical NF-kappa-B and the JNK signaling pathways. Linear ubiquitination mediated by the LUBAC complex interferes with TNF-induced cell death and thereby prevents inflammation. LUBAC is recruited to the TNF-R1 signaling complex (TNF-RSC) following polyubiquitination of TNF-RSC components by BI [...] (380 aa) |
| | Tfrc | Transferrin receptor protein 1; Cellular uptake of iron occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligand-occupied transferrin receptor into specialized endosomes. Endosomal acidification leads to iron release. The apotransferrin-receptor complex is then recycled to the cell surface with a return to neutral pH and the concomitant loss of affinity of apotransferrin for its receptor. Transferrin receptor is necessary for development of erythrocytes and the nervous system (By similarity). Upon stimulation, positively regulates T and B cell proliferation through iron uptake ; Belongs to t [...] (763 aa) |
| | Adipoq | Adiponectin; Important adipokine involved in the control of fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity, with direct anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and activation in the liver and the skeletal muscle, enhancing glucose utilization and fatty-acid combustion. Antagonizes TNF-alpha by negatively regulating its expression in various tissues such as liver and macrophages, and also by counteracting its effects. Inhibits endothelial NF-kappa-B signaling through a cAMP-dependent pathway. May play a role in cell growth, angiogenesis [...] (247 aa) |
| | Cd4 | T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4; Integral membrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in the immune response and serves multiple functions in responses against both external and internal offenses. In T-cells, functions primarily as a coreceptor for MHC class II molecule:peptide complex. The antigens presented by class II peptides are derived from extracellular proteins while class I peptides are derived from cytosolic proteins. Interacts simultaneously with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC class II presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). In turn, recruits the Src kina [...] (457 aa) |
| | Clec4n | C-type lectin domain family 6 member A; Binds high-mannose carbohydrates in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Functional receptor for alpha-mannans on C.albicans hypheas. Plays an important role in the host defense against C.albicans infection by inducing TH17 cell differentiation. Recognizes also, in a mannose-dependent manner, allergens from house dust mite and fungi, by promoting cysteinyl leukotriene production. Recognizes soluble elements from the eggs of Shistosoma mansoni altering adaptive immune responses. Transduces signals through an Fc receptor gamma chain /FCER1G and Syk- CARD9-NF [...] (209 aa) |
| | Tnf | Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...] (235 aa) |
| | Riok3 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO3; Involved in regulation of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune response which plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. May act as an adapter protein essential for the recruitment of TBK1 to IRF3. Phosphorylates IFIH1 on 'Ser-828' interfering with IFIH1 filament assembly on long dsRNA and resulting in attenuated IFIH1-signaling. Can inhibit CASP10 isoform 7- mediated activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. May play a role in the biogenesis of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Involved in the processing of [...] (519 aa) |
| | Rela | Transcription factor p65; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kap [...] (549 aa) |
| | Trim8 | Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM8; Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which may promote proteasomal degradation of SOCS1; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (551 aa) |
| | Chuk | Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into t [...] (745 aa) |
| | Pidd1 | P53-induced death domain-containing protein 1; Component of the DNA damage/stress response pathway that functions downstream of p53/TP53 and can either promote cell survival or apoptosis. Associated with CRADD and the CASP2 caspase, it forms the PIDDosome a complex that activates CASP2 and triggers apoptosis. Associated with IKBKG and RIPK1, it enhances sumoylation and ubiquitination of IKBKG which is important for activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B (By similarity). (915 aa) |
| | Jmjd8 | JmjC domain-containing protein 8; Functions as a positive regulator of TNF-induced NF-kappaB signaling (By similarity). Regulates angiogenesis and cellular metabolism through interaction with PKM. (271 aa) |
| | Casp1 | Caspase-1 subunit p10; Thiol protease that cleaves IL-1 beta between an Asp and an Ala, releasing the mature cytokine which is involved in a variety of inflammatory processes. Important for defense against pathogens. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Can also promote apoptosis (By similarity). Upon inflammasome activation, during DNA virus infection but not RNA virus challenge, controls antiviral immunity through the cleavage of CGAS, rendering it inactive. In apoptotic cells, cleaves SPHK2 which is released from cells and remains enzymatically [...] (402 aa) |
| | Htr2b | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B; G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various ergot alkaloid derivatives and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of [...] (479 aa) |
| | Abl2 | Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an ABL1- overlapping role in key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion, receptor endocytosis, autophagy, DNA damage response and apoptosis. Coordinates actin remodeling through tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins controlling cytoskeleton dynamics like MYH10 (involved in movement); CTTN (involved in signaling); or TUBA1 and TUBB (microtubule subunits). Binds directly F-actin and regulates actin cytoskeletal [...] (1182 aa) |
| | Capn3 | Calpain-3; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease; Belongs to the peptidase C2 family. (821 aa) |
| | Il1b | Interleukin-1 beta; Potent proinflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B- cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells; Belongs to the IL-1 family. (269 aa) |
| | Il1a | Interleukin-1 alpha; Produced by activated macrophages, IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells. (270 aa) |
