STRINGSTRING
Pdcd6 Pdcd6 Nr4a1 Nr4a1 Cdkn2d Cdkn2d Cryab Cryab Cck Cck Usp47 Usp47 Ints1 Ints1 Hgf Hgf Stat1 Stat1 Casp8 Casp8 Birc2 Birc2 Mapk9 Mapk9 Pax2 Pax2 Hspa1b Hspa1b Dlc1 Dlc1 Lamtor5 Lamtor5 Lck Lck Cycs Cycs Herpud1 Herpud1 Ctsd Ctsd Rps27l Rps27l Khdc1b Khdc1b Il9r Il9r Tnfaip8 Tnfaip8 Mtch2 Mtch2 Laptm5 Laptm5 St18 St18 Tnfrsf23 Tnfrsf23 Vegfa Vegfa Naip2 Naip2 Syk Syk Pdcd5 Pdcd5 Il24 Il24 Naip6 Naip6 S100a9 S100a9 Sirt1 Sirt1 Trp63 Trp63 Cflar Cflar Snca Snca Men1 Men1 Col4a3 Col4a3 Diablo Diablo Bcl2l11 Bcl2l11 Ndufa13 Ndufa13 Bcl2l1 Bcl2l1 Mrtfa Mrtfa Birc7 Birc7 Wnt9a Wnt9a Nlrp12 Nlrp12 Arrb2 Arrb2 Nlrp1a Nlrp1a Nlrp1b Nlrp1b Akt2 Akt2 Klf4 Klf4 Cdkn2a Cdkn2a Ngf Ngf Rps6ka1 Rps6ka1 Park7 Park7 Adora2a Adora2a Igf1 Igf1 Anp32b Anp32b Nle1 Nle1 Serpinb9 Serpinb9 Nlrp3 Nlrp3 Card9 Card9 Csnk2a1 Csnk2a1 Sox2 Sox2 Bcl2a1d Bcl2a1d Arrb1 Arrb1 Map3k5 Map3k5 Mtch1 Mtch1 Src Src Htra2 Htra2 Gramd4 Gramd4 Khdc1a Khdc1a Wdr35 Wdr35 Pml Pml Hmgb1 Hmgb1 Pih1d1 Pih1d1 Gpx1 Gpx1 Serpinb9g Serpinb9g Lamp3 Lamp3 Gper1 Gper1 Mgmt Mgmt Rest Rest Birc5 Birc5 Sox7 Sox7 Bak1 Bak1 Rag1 Rag1 Dapk1 Dapk1 Serpinb9f Serpinb9f Gm10053 Gm10053 Hsf1 Hsf1 Serpinb9e Serpinb9e Rffl Rffl Khdc1c Khdc1c Serpinb9d Serpinb9d Siah2 Siah2 Fabp1 Fabp1 Jak2 Jak2 S100a8 S100a8 Uaca Uaca F2r F2r Nlrc4 Nlrc4 Hip1 Hip1 Naip5 Naip5 Nod1 Nod1 Dnaja3 Dnaja3 Foxl2 Foxl2 Rnf7 Rnf7 Pdcd2 Pdcd2 Igbp1b Igbp1b Sfn Sfn Cradd Cradd Tnfsf15 Tnfsf15 Serpinb9h Serpinb9h Gpi1 Gpi1 Fnip1 Fnip1 Malt1 Malt1 Fcmr Fcmr Dap Dap Prr7 Prr7 Ift57 Ift57 Senp1 Senp1 Thbs1 Thbs1 Egln3 Egln3 Arl6ip5 Arl6ip5 Slc22a2 Slc22a2 Aifm1 Aifm1 Tnfsf10 Tnfsf10 Acer2 Acer2 Nodal Nodal Mul1 Mul1 Dhcr24 Dhcr24 Avp Avp D1Pas1 D1Pas1 Ptgs2 Ptgs2 Smad3 Smad3 Map2k5 Map2k5 Ctsh Ctsh Mt3 Mt3 Eif2ak3 Eif2ak3 Sh3rf1 Sh3rf1 Gas6 Gas6 Rps6ka3 Rps6ka3 Igbp1 Igbp1 Bax Bax Pycard Pycard Rps3 Rps3 Arl6ip1 Arl6ip1 Cd27 Cd27 Ret Ret Casp2 Casp2 Hnf1a Hnf1a Triap1 Triap1 Rnf34 Rnf34 Casp9 Casp9 Caap1 Caap1 Vcp Vcp Epha7 Epha7 Casp8ap2 Casp8ap2 Ccn1 Ccn1 Bcl10 Bcl10 F3 F3 Sfrp2 Sfrp2 Cyct Cyct Gsn Gsn Acvr1c Acvr1c Bok Bok Ppm1f Ppm1f Vil1 Vil1 Hspd1 Hspd1 Casp1 Casp1 Casp12 Casp12 Xiap Xiap Il6 Il6 Pidd1 Pidd1 Prdx3 Prdx3 Bad Bad Prdx5 Prdx5 Slc1a1 Slc1a1 Fas Fas Pmaip1 Pmaip1 Dele1 Dele1 Tnf Tnf Xdh Xdh Slc11a2 Slc11a2 Robo1 Robo1 Pak2 Pak2 Myc Myc Tnfrsf10b Tnfrsf10b Nkx3-1 Nkx3-1 Naip1 Naip1 Il9 Il9 Serpinb9c Serpinb9c Atp2a3 Atp2a3 P2rx1 P2rx1 Rack1 Rack1 Ppp2ca Ppp2ca Mdm2 Mdm2 Ccn2 Ccn2 Apaf1 Apaf1 Mical1 Mical1 Dpep1 Dpep1 Fis1 Fis1 Cryaa Cryaa Mmp9 Mmp9 Nol3 Nol3 Birc3 Birc3 Wnt3a Wnt3a Dnajb6 Dnajb6 Rhoa Rhoa Serpinb9b Serpinb9b Tnfsf14 Tnfsf14 Tfap4 Tfap4 Por Por App App Cd44 Cd44 Aqp1 Aqp1 Bid Bid Fam162a Fam162a Bcl2l12 Bcl2l12 Plaur Plaur Bbc3 Bbc3 Bcap31 Bcap31 Akt1 Akt1 Hip1r Hip1r Fasl Fasl Ddx3x Ddx3x Pparg Pparg Alox12 Alox12 Cdh1 Cdh1 Ifi202b Ifi202b Ngfr Ngfr
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
Pdcd6Programmed cell death protein 6; Calcium sensor that plays a key role in processes such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi vesicular transport, endosomal biogenesis or membrane repair. Acts as an adapter that bridges unrelated proteins or stabilizes weak protein-protein complexes in response to calcium: calcium-binding triggers exposure of apolar surface, promoting interaction with different sets of proteins thanks to 3 different hydrophobic pockets, leading to translocation to membranes. Involved in ER- Golgi transport by promoting the association between PDCD6IP and TSG101, thereby [...] (191 aa)
Nr4a1Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1; Orphan nuclear receptor. May act concomitantly with NURR1 in regulating the expression of delayed-early genes during liver regeneration. Binds the NGFI-B response element (NBRE) 5'-AAAAGGTCA-3'. May inhibit NF-kappa-B transactivation of IL2. Participates in energy homeostasis by sequestrating the kinase STK11 in the nucleus, thereby attenuating cytoplasmic AMPK activation (By similarity). Plays a role in the vascular response to injury ; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR4 subfamily. (601 aa)
Cdkn2dCyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor D; Interacts strongly with CDK4 and CDK6 and inhibits them. (166 aa)
CryabAlpha-crystallin B chain; May contribute to the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Has chaperone-like activity, preventing aggregation of various proteins under a wide range of stress conditions. (175 aa)
CckCholecystokinin-12; This peptide hormone induces gall bladder contraction and the release of pancreatic enzymes in the gut. Its function in the brain is not clear. Binding to CCK-A receptors stimulates amylase release from the pancreas, binding to CCK-B receptors stimulates gastric acid secretion; Belongs to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family. (115 aa)
Usp47Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 47; Ubiquitin-specific protease that specifically deubiquitinates monoubiquitinated DNA polymerase beta (POLB), stabilizing POLB thereby playing a role in base-excision repair (BER) (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of cell growth and genome integrity. May also indirectly regulate CDC25A expression at a transcriptional level. (1376 aa)
Ints1Integrator complex subunit 1; Component of the Integrator (INT) complex, a complex involved in the small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) U1 and U2 transcription and in their 3'-box-dependent processing. The Integrator complex is associated with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II largest subunit (POLR2A) and is recruited to the U1 and U2 snRNAs genes. Mediates recruitment of cytoplasmic dynein to the nuclear envelope, probably as component of the INT complex. (2222 aa)
HgfHepatocyte growth factor alpha chain; Potent mitogen for mature parenchymal hepatocyte cells, seems to be a hepatotrophic factor, and acts as a growth factor for a broad spectrum of tissues and cell types. Activating ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase MET by binding to it and promoting its dimerization. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Plasminogen subfamily. (728 aa)
Stat1Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signaling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to [...] (755 aa)
Casp8Caspase-8 subunit p10; Most upstream protease of the activation cascade of caspases responsible for the TNFRSF6/FAS mediated and TNFRSF1A induced cell death. Binding to the adapter molecule FADD recruits it to either receptor. The resulting aggregate called death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs CASP8 proteolytic activation. The active dimeric enzyme is then liberated from the DISC and free to activate downstream apoptotic proteases. Proteolytic fragments of the N-terminal propeptide (termed CAP3, CAP5 and CAP6) are likely retained in the DISC. Cleaves and activates CASP3, CA [...] (500 aa)
Birc2Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2; Multi-functional protein which regulates not only caspases and apoptosis, but also modulates inflammatory signaling and immunity, mitogenic kinase signaling, and cell proliferation, as well as cell invasion and metastasis. Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating NF-kappa-B signaling and regulates both canonical and non- canonical NF-kappa-B signaling by acting in opposite directions: acts as a positive regulator of the canonical pathway and suppresses constitutive activation of non-canonical NF-kappa-B signaling. The target protein [...] (612 aa)
Mapk9Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress- activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK9/JNK2. In turn, MAPK9/JNK2 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as J [...] (423 aa)
Pax2Paired box protein Pax-2; Transcription factor that may have a role in kidney cell differentiation. (394 aa)
Hspa1bHeat shock 70 kDa protein 1B; Molecular chaperone implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including protection of the proteome from stress, folding and transport of newly synthesized polypeptides, activation of proteolysis of misfolded proteins and the formation and dissociation of protein complexes. Plays a pivotal role in the protein quality control system, ensuring the correct folding of proteins, the re-folding of misfolded proteins and controlling the targeting of proteins for subsequent degradation. This is achieved through cycles of ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis and AD [...] (642 aa)
Dlc1Rho GTPase-activating protein 7; Functions as a GTPase-activating protein for the small GTPases RHOA, RHOB, RHOC and CDC42, terminating their downstream signaling. This induces morphological changes and detachment through cytoskeletal reorganization, playing a critical role in biological processes such as cell migration and proliferation. Also functions in vivo as an activator of the phospholipase PLCD1. Active DLC1 increases cell migration velocity but reduces directionality (By similarity). (1543 aa)
Lamtor5Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR5; As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V- ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. When complexed to BIRC5, interferes with apoptosome assem [...] (145 aa)
LckProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase LCK; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role in the selection and maturation of developing T-cells in the thymus and in the function of mature T-cells. Plays a key role in T- cell antigen receptor (TCR)-linked signal transduction pathways. Constitutively associated with the cytoplasmic portions of the CD4 and CD8 surface receptors. Association of the TCR with a peptide antigen- bound MHC complex facilitates the interaction of CD4 and CD8 with MHC class II and class I molecules, respectively, thereby recruiting the associa [...] (520 aa)
CycsCytochrome c, somatic. (105 aa)
Herpud1Homocysteine-responsive endoplasmic reticulum-resident ubiquitin-like domain member 1 protein; Component of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) system also called ER-associated degradation (ERAD) involved in ubiquitin-dependent degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Binds to ubiquilins and this interaction is required for efficient degradation of CD3D via the ERAD pathway. (391 aa)
CtsdCathepsin D; Acid protease active in intracellular protein breakdown. Plays a role in APP processing following cleavage and activation by ADAM30 which leads to APP degradation; Belongs to the peptidase A1 family. (410 aa)
Rps27l40S ribosomal protein S27. (105 aa)
Khdc1bKH homology domain-containing protein 1B; Belongs to the KHDC1 family. (126 aa)
Il9rInterleukin-9 receptor; This is a receptor for interleukin-9; Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 4 subfamily. (469 aa)
Tnfaip8Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8; Acts as a negative mediator of apoptosis. Suppresses the TNF- mediated apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-8 activity but not the processing of procaspase-8, subsequently resulting in inhibition of BID cleavage and caspase-3 activation (By similarity). (212 aa)
Mtch2Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2; The substrate transported is not yet known. Induces mitochondrial depolarization (By similarity); Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (312 aa)
Laptm5Lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 5; May have a special functional role during embryogenesis and in adult hematopoietic cells; Belongs to the LAPTM4/LAPTM5 transporter family. (261 aa)
St18Suppression of tumorigenicity 18 protein; Repressor that binds to DNA sequences containing a bipartite element consisting of a direct repeat of the sequence 5'-AAAGTTT-3' separated by 2-9 nucleotides. Represses basal transcription activity from target promoters (By similarity); Belongs to the MYT1 family. (1045 aa)
Tnfrsf23Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 23; Receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL. Lacks a cytoplasmic death domain and hence is not capable of inducing apoptosis. May protect cells against TRAIL mediated apoptosis through ligand competition. Cannot induce the NF-kappa-B pathway. (176 aa)
VegfaVascular endothelial growth factor A; Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. May play a role in increasing vascular permeability during lactation, when increased transport of molecules from the blood is required for efficient milk protein synthesis (By similarity). Binding to NRP1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor [...] (392 aa)
Naip2Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 1b; Sensor component of the NLRC4 inflammasome that specifically recognizes and binds type III secretion system (T3SS) rod proteins such as S.typhimurium (Salmonella) PrgJ and B.thailandensis BsaK from pathogenic bacteria. Association of pathogenic bacteria proteins drives in turn drive assembly and activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome, promoting caspase-1 activation, cytokine production and macrophage pyroptosis. The NLRC4 inflammasome is activated as part of the innate immune response to a range of intracellular bacteria. The NLRC4 inflammaso [...] (1447 aa)
SykTyrosine-protein kinase SYK; Non-receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates signal transduction downstream of a variety of transmembrane receptors including classical immunoreceptors like the B-cell receptor (BCR). Regulates several biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, cell adhesion, osteoclast maturation, platelet activation and vascular development. Assembles into signaling complexes with activated receptors at the plasma membrane via interaction between its SH2 domains and the receptor tyrosine-phosphorylated ITAM domains. The association with the receptor can a [...] (629 aa)
Pdcd5Programmed cell death protein 5; May function in the process of apoptosis; Belongs to the PDCD5 family. (126 aa)
Il24Interleukin-24; Has antiproliferative properties on melanoma cells and may contribute to terminal cell differentiation. (220 aa)
Naip6Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 1f; Sensor component of the NLRC4 inflammasome that specifically recognizes and binds flagellin from pathogenic bacteria. Association of pathogenic bacteria proteins drives in turn drive assembly and activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome, promoting caspase-1 activation, cytokine production and macrophage pyroptosis. The NLRC4 inflammasome is activated as part of the innate immune response to a range of intracellular bacteria. The NLRC4 inflammasome senses Gram-negative bacteria such as L.pneumophila and P.aeruginosa, enteric pathogens S.typhimur [...] (1403 aa)
S100a9Protein S100-A9; S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid [...] (113 aa)
Sirt1NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase that links transcriptional regulation directly to intracellular energetics and participates in the coordination of several separated cellular functions such as cell cycle, response to DNA damage, metabolism, apoptosis and autophagy. Can modulate chromatin function through deacetylation of histones and can promote alterations in the methylation of histones and DNA, leading to transcriptional repression (By similarity). Deacetylates a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, thereby regulating ta [...] (737 aa)
Trp63Tumor protein 63; Acts as a sequence specific DNA binding transcriptional activator or repressor. The isoforms contain a varying set of transactivation and auto-regulating transactivation inhibiting domains thus showing an isoform specific activity. May be required in conjunction with TP73/p73 for initiation of p53/TP53 dependent apoptosis in response to genotoxic insults and the presence of activated oncogenes. Involved in Notch signaling by probably inducing JAG1 and JAG2. Activates transcription of the p21 promoter (By similarity). Activates RIPK4 transcription. Plays a role in the [...] (680 aa)
CflarCASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator subunit p12; Apoptosis regulator protein which may function as a crucial link between cell survival and cell death pathways in mammalian cells. Acts as an inhibitor of TNFRSF6 mediated apoptosis. A proteolytic fragment (p43) is likely retained in the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) thereby blocking further recruitment and processing of caspase-8 at the complex. Full length and shorter isoforms have been shown either to induce apoptosis or to reduce TNFRSF-triggered apoptosis. Lacks enzymatic (caspase) activity (By similarity). Belongs to [...] (481 aa)
SncaAlpha-synuclein; Neuronal protein that plays several roles in synaptic activity such as regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release. Participates as a monomer in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by enhancing vesicle priming, fusion and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, acts by increasing local Ca(2+) release from microdomains which is essential for the enhancement of ATP-induced exocytosis. Acts also as a molecular chaperone in its multimeric membrane-bound state, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components called SNAREs [...] (140 aa)
Men1Menin; Essential component of a MLL/SET1 histone methyltransferase (HMT) complex, a complex that specifically methylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4). Functions as a transcriptional regulator. Binds to the TERT promoter and represses telomerase expression. Plays a role in TGFB1-mediated inhibition of cell-proliferation, possibly regulating SMAD3 transcriptional activity. Represses JUND-mediated transcriptional activation on AP1 sites, as well as that mediated by NFKB subunit RELA. Positively regulates HOXC8 and HOXC6 gene expression (By similarity). May be involved in normal hematopoie [...] (617 aa)
Col4a3Collagen alpha-3(IV) chain; Type IV collagen is the major structural component of glomerular basement membranes (GBM), forming a 'chicken-wire' meshwork together with laminins, proteoglycans and entactin/nidogen. (1669 aa)
DiabloDiablo homolog, mitochondrial; Promotes apoptosis by activating caspases in the cytochrome c/Apaf-1/caspase-9 pathway. Acts by opposing the inhibitory activity of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP). Inhibits the activity of BIRC6/bruce by inhibiting its binding to caspases (By similarity). (237 aa)
Bcl2l11Bcl-2-like protein 11; Induces apoptosis and anoikis. The isoforms vary in cytotoxicity with isoform BimS being the most potent and isoform BimEL being the least potent; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (196 aa)
Ndufa13NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13; Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. Involved in the interferon/all-trans-retinoic acid (IFN/RA) induced cell death. This apoptotic activity is inhibited by interaction with viral IRF1. Prevents the transactivation of STAT3 target genes. May play a role in [...] (144 aa)
Bcl2l1Bcl-2-like protein 1; Potent inhibitor of cell death. Inhibits activation of caspases. Appears to regulate cell death by blocking the voltage- dependent anion channel (VDAC) by binding to it and preventing the release of the caspase activator, CYC1, from the mitochondrial membrane. Also acts as a regulator of G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosis. Isoform Bcl-X(S) promotes apoptosis; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (233 aa)
MrtfaMyocardin-related transcription factor A; Transcription coactivator that associates with the serum response factor (SRF) transcription factor to control expression of genes regulating the cytoskeleton during development, morphogenesis and cell migration. The SRF-MRTFA complex activity responds to Rho GTPase-induced changes in cellular globular actin (G- actin) concentration, thereby coupling cytoskeletal gene expression to cytoskeletal dynamics. MRTFA binds G-actin via its RPEL repeats, regulating activity of the MRTFA-SRF complex. Activity is also regulated by filamentous actin (F-act [...] (964 aa)
Birc7Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 7 30 kDa subunit; Apoptotic regulator capable of exerting proapoptotic and anti-apoptotic activities and plays crucial roles in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle control. Its anti-apoptotic activity is mediated through the inhibition of caspase-3, -7, and -9, as well as by its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. As it is a weak caspase inhibitor, its anti-apoptotic activity is thought to be due to its ability to ubiquitinate DIABLO/SMAC targeting it for degradation thereby promoting cell survival. May contribute to caspase inhibit [...] (285 aa)
Wnt9aProtein Wnt-9a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway (By similarity). Required for normal timing of IHH expression during embryonic bone development, normal chondrocyte maturation and for normal bone mineralization during embryonic bone development. Plays a redundant role in maintaining joint integrity. (365 aa)
Nlrp12NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 12; Plays an essential role as an potent mitigator of inflammation. Primarily expressed in dendritic cells and macrophages, inhibits both canonical and non- canonical NF-kappa-B and ERK activation pathways. Functions as a negative regulator of NOD2 by targeting it to degradation via the proteasome pathway. In turn, promotes bacterial tolerance. Inhibits also the DDX58-mediated immune signaling against RNA viruses by reducing the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25-mediated 'Lys-63'-linked DDX58 activation but enhancing the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF125 [...] (1054 aa)
Arrb2Beta-arrestin-2; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (421 aa)
Nlrp1aNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 1a; As a potential sensor component of the NLRP1 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of Nlrp1b, CASP1, and possibly PYCARD. Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1-catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and secretion in the extracellular milieu. Activation of NLRP1 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion. The active cytokines and HMGB [...] (1182 aa)
Nlrp1bNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 1b allele 2; As the sensor component of the NLRP1 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of Nlrp1b, CASP1, and possibly PYCARD. Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1-catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and secretion in the extracellular milieu. Activation of NLRP1 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion. The active cytokines and HMG [...] (1177 aa)
Akt2RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT2 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinases, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the [...] (481 aa)
Klf4Krueppel-like factor 4; Transcription factor; can act both as activator and as repressor. Binds the 5'-CACCC-3' core sequence. Binds to the promoter region of its own gene and can activate its own transcription. Regulates the expression of key transcription factors during embryonic development. Plays an important role in maintaining embryonic stem cells, and in preventing their differentiation. Required for establishing the barrier function of the skin and for postnatal maturation and maintenance of the ocular surface. Involved in the differentiation of epithelial cells and may also fu [...] (483 aa)
Cdkn2aTumor suppressor ARF; Capable of inducing cell cycle arrest in G1 and G2 phases. Acts as a tumor suppressor. Binds to MDM2 and blocks its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling by sequestering it in the nucleolus. This inhibits the oncogenic action of MDM2 by blocking MDM2-induced degradation of p53 and enhancing p53-dependent transactivation and apoptosis. Also induces G2 arrest and apoptosis in a p53-independent manner by preventing the activation of cyclin B1/CDC2 complexes. Binds to BCL6 and down-regulates BCL6-induced transcriptional repression. Binds to E2F1 and MYC and blocks their transcr [...] (169 aa)
NgfBeta-nerve growth factor; Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. Extracellular ligand for the NTRK1 and NGFR receptors, activates cellular signaling cascades to regulate neuronal proliferation, differentiation and survival. The immature NGF precursor (proNGF) functions as ligand for the heterodimeric receptor formed by SORCS2 and NGFR, and activates cellular signaling cascades that lead to inactivation of RAC1 and/or RAC2, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and neuronal growth cone collapse. In contrast [...] (307 aa)
Rps6ka1Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of ERK (MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1) signaling and mediates mitogenic and stress-induced activation of the transcription factors CREB1, ETV1/ER81 and NR4A1/NUR77, regulates translation through RPS6 and EIF4B phosphorylation, and mediates cellular proliferation, survival, and differentiation by modulating mTOR signaling and repressing pro- apoptotic function of BAD and DAPK1. In fibroblast, is required for EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of CREB1, which results in the subsequent transcriptional activa [...] (735 aa)
Park7Protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Acts on early glycation intermediates (hemithioacetals and aminoca [...] (189 aa)
Adora2aAdenosine receptor A2a; Receptor for adenosine (By similarity). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase (By similarity). (410 aa)
Igf1Insulin-like growth factor I; The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation (By similarity). Ca(2 [...] (159 aa)
Anp32bAcidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member B; Multifunctional protein working as a cell cycle progression factor as well as a cell survival factor. Required for the progression from the G1 to the S phase. Anti-apoptotic protein which functions as a caspase-3 inhibitor. Has no phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor activity. Exhibits histone chaperone properties, stimulating core histones to assemble into a nucleosome (By similarity); Belongs to the ANP32 family. (272 aa)
Nle1Notchless protein homolog 1; Plays a role in regulating Notch activity (Probable). Plays a role in regulating the expression of CDKN1A and several members of the Wnt pathway, probably via its effects on Notch activity. Required during embryogenesis for inner mass cell survival. (485 aa)
Serpinb9Serine (Or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 9; Belongs to the serpin family. (374 aa)
Nlrp3NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; As the sensor component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of NLRP3, PYCARD and CASP1 (or possibly CASP4/CASP11). Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1-catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and secretion in the extracellular milieu. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion. The active cytokines a [...] (1033 aa)
Card9Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9; Adapter protein that plays a key role in innate immune response to a number of intracellular pathogens, such as C.albicans and L.monocytogenes. Is at the crossroads of ITAM-tyrosine kinase and the Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD2 signaling pathways. Probably controls various innate immune response pathways depending on the intracellular pathogen. Controls CLEC7A (dectin-1)-mediated myeloid cell activation induced by the yeast cell wall component zymosan, leading to cytokine production and innate anti- fungal immunity: acts by regulatin [...] (536 aa)
Csnk2a1Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoin [...] (391 aa)
Sox2Transcription factor SOX-2; Transcription factor that forms a trimeric complex with POU5F1 (OCT3/4) on DNA and controls the expression of a number of genes involved in embryonic development such as YES1, FGF4, UTF1 and ZFP206. Binds to the proximal enhancer region of NANOG. Critical for early embryogenesis and for embryonic stem cell pluripotency (By similarity). Downstream SRRT target that mediates the promotion of neural stem cell self-renewal. Keeps neural cells undifferentiated by counteracting the activity of proneural proteins and suppresses neuronal differentiation (By similarit [...] (319 aa)
Bcl2a1dB-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 related protein A1d. (172 aa)
Arrb1Beta-arrestin-1; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (418 aa)
Map3k5Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Plays an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by changes in the environment. Mediates signaling for determination of cell fate such as differentiation and survival. Plays a crucial role in the apoptosis signal transduction pathway through mitochondria-dependent caspase activation. MAP3K5/ASK1 is required for the innate immune response, which is essential for host defense against a wide range of pathogens. Me [...] (1380 aa)
Mtch1Mitochondrial carrier homolog 1; Potential mitochondrial transporter. May play a role in apoptosis (By similarity); Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (389 aa)
SrcNeuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. Due to functional redun [...] (541 aa)
Htra2Serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial; Serine protease that shows proteolytic activity against a non-specific substrate beta-casein. Promotes or induces cell death either by direct binding to and inhibition of BIRC proteins (also called inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, IAPs), leading to an increase in caspase activity, or by a BIRC inhibition-independent, caspase- independent and serine protease activity-dependent mechanism. Cleaves THAP5 and promotes its degradation during apoptosis (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase S1C family. (458 aa)
Gramd4GRAM domain-containing protein 4; Plays a role as a mediator of E2F1-induced apoptosis in the absence of p53/TP53 (By similarity). Inhibits TLR9 response to nucelic acids and regulates TLR9-mediated innate immune response. (633 aa)
Khdc1aKH homology domain-containing protein 1A; Has pro-apoptotic activity. (166 aa)
Wdr35WD repeat-containing protein 35; As a component of the IFT complex A (IFT-A), a complex required for retrograde ciliary transport and entry into cilia of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), it is involved in ciliogenesis and ciliary protein trafficking. May promote CASP3 activation and TNF-stimulated apoptosis (By similarity). (1181 aa)
PmlProtein PML; Functions via its association with PML-nuclear bodies (PML- NBs) in a wide range of important cellular processes, including tumor suppression, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage response, and viral defense mechanisms. Acts as the scaffold of PML-NBs allowing other proteins to shuttle in and out, a process which is regulated by SUMO-mediated modifications and interactions. Positively regulates p53/TP53 by acting at different levels (by promoting its acetylation and phosphorylation and by inhibiting its MDM2-dependent degradation). Regulates phosph [...] (885 aa)
Hmgb1High mobility group protein B1; Multifunctional redox sensitive protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. In the nucleus is one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins and acts as a DNA chaperone involved in replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair and genome stability. Proposed to be an universal biosensor for nucleic acids. Promotes host inflammatory response to sterile and infectious signals and is involved in the coordination and integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the cytoplasm functio [...] (215 aa)
Pih1d1PIH1 domain-containing protein 1; Involved in the assembly of C/D box small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) particles (By similarity). Recruits the SWI/SNF complex to the core promoter of rRNA genes and enhances pre- rRNA transcription (By similarity). Mediates interaction of TELO2 with the R2TP complex which is necessary for the stability of MTOR and SMG1 (By similarity). Positively regulates the assembly and activity of the mTORC1 complex (By similarity). (290 aa)
Gpx1Glutathione peroxidase 1; Protects the hemoglobin in erythrocytes from oxidative breakdown. (201 aa)
Serpinb9gSerine (Or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 9g; Belongs to the serpin family. (377 aa)
Lamp3Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 3; May play a role in dendritic cell function and in adaptive immunity. (411 aa)
Gper1G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1; G-protein coupled estrogen receptor that binds to 17-beta- estradiol (E2) with high affinity, leading to rapid and transient activation of numerous intracellular signaling pathways. Stimulates cAMP production, calcium mobilization and tyrosine kinase Src inducing the release of heparin-bound epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) and subsequent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), activating downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK. Mediates pleiotropic functions among others in the cardiovascular, endocrine [...] (375 aa)
MgmtMethylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase; Involved in the cellular defense against the biological effects of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) and O4-methylthymine (O4-MeT) in DNA. Repairs the methylated nucleobase in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the methyl group to a cysteine residue in the enzyme. This is a suicide reaction: the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated; Belongs to the MGMT family. (211 aa)
RestRE1-silencing transcription factor; Transcriptional repressor which binds neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE) and represses neuronal gene transcription in non-neuronal cells. Restricts the expression of neuronal genes by associating with two distinct corepressors, SIN3A and RCOR1, which in turn recruit histone deacetylase to the promoters of REST-regulated genes (By similarity). Mediates repression by recruiting the BHC complex at RE1/NRSE sites which acts by deacetylating and demethylating specific sites on histones, thereby acting as a chromatin modifier (By similarity). Trans [...] (1082 aa)
Birc5Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5; Multitasking protein that has dual roles in promoting cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis. Component of a chromosome passage protein complex (CPC) which is essential for chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis and cytokinesis (By similarity). Acts as an important regulator of the localization of this complex; directs CPC movement to different locations from the inner centromere during prometaphase to midbody during cytokinesis and participates in the organization of the center spindle by associating with polymerized micro [...] (140 aa)
Sox7Transcription factor SOX-7; Binds to and activates the CDH5 promoter, hence plays a role in the transcriptional regulation of genes expressed in the hemogenic endothelium and blocks further differentiation into blood precursors. May be required for the survival of both hematopoietic and endothelial precursors during specification. May play a role in skeletal myogenesis and up-regulate the expression of muscle markers, such as PAX3/PAX7 and Meox1. Competes with GATA4 for binding and activation of the FGF3 promoter. Represses Wnt/beta-catenin-stimulated transcription. Probably acts by ta [...] (380 aa)
Bak1Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer; In the presence of an appropriate stimulus, accelerates programmed cell death by binding to, and antagonizing the anti- apoptotic action of BCL2. (209 aa)
Rag1V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1; Catalytic component of the RAG complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the DNA cleavage phase during V(D)J recombination. V(D)J recombination assembles a diverse repertoire of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in developing B and T- lymphocytes through rearrangement of different V (variable), in some cases D (diversity), and J (joining) gene segments. In the RAG complex, RAG1 mediates the DNA-binding to the conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) and catalyzes the DNA cleavage activities by introducing a double-strand break [...] (1040 aa)
Dapk1Death-associated protein kinase 1; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase involved in multiple cellular signaling pathways that trigger cell survival, apoptosis, and autophagy. Regulates both type I apoptotic and type II autophagic cell deaths signal, depending on the cellular setting. The former is caspase-dependent, while the latter is caspase-independent and is characterized by the accumulation of autophagic vesicles. Phosphorylates PIN1 resulting in inhibition of its catalytic activity, nuclear localization, and cellular function. Phosphorylates TPM1, enhancing stress [...] (1430 aa)
Serpinb9fSerine (Or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 9f; Belongs to the serpin family. (377 aa)
Gm10053Cytochrome c, somatic; Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. (105 aa)
Hsf1Heat shock factor protein 1; Functions as a stress-inducible and DNA-binding transcription factor that plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the heat shock response (HSR), leading to the expression of a large class of molecular chaperones heat shock proteins (HSPs) that protect cells from cellular insults' damage. In unstressed cells, is present in a HSP90-containing multichaperone complex that maintains it in a non- DNA-binding inactivated monomeric form. Upon exposure to heat and other stress stimuli, undergoes homotrimerization and activates HSP gene transcriptio [...] (503 aa)
Serpinb9eSerine (Or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 9e; Belongs to the serpin family. (377 aa)
RfflE3 ubiquitin-protein ligase rififylin; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that regulates several biological processes through the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of various target proteins. Mediates 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination of PRR5L and its subsequent proteasomal degradation thereby indirectly regulating cell migration through the mTORC2 complex. Also ubiquitinates the caspases CASP8 and CASP10, promoting their proteasomal degradation, to negatively regulate apoptosis downstream of death domain receptors. Also negatively regulates the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signal [...] (398 aa)
Khdc1cKH homology domain-containing protein 1C; Belongs to the KHDC1 family. (166 aa)
Serpinb9dSerine (Or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 9D; Belongs to the serpin family. (377 aa)
Siah2E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Mediates E3 ubiquitin ligase activity either through direct binding to substrates or by functioning as the essential RING domain subunit of larger E3 complexes. Mediates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of DYRK2 in response to hypoxia. Promotes monoubiquitinat [...] (325 aa)
Fabp1Fatty acid-binding protein, liver; Plays a role in lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol uptake in hepatocytes. Binds cholesterol. Binds free fatty acids and their coenzyme A derivatives, bilirubin, and some other small molecules in the cytoplasm. May be involved in intracellular lipid transport. (127 aa)
Jak2Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2; Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, differentiation or histone modifications. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors such as growth hormone (GHR), prolactin (PRLR), leptin (LEPR), erythropoietin (EPOR), thrombopoietin (THPO); or type II receptors including IFN-alpha, IFN- beta, IFN-gamma and multiple interleukins. Following ligand-binding to cell surface receptors [...] (1132 aa)
S100a8Protein S100-A8; S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH- oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitat [...] (89 aa)
UacaUveal autoantigen with coiled-coil domains and ankyrin repeats; Regulates APAF1 expression and plays an important role in the regulation of stress-induced apoptosis. Promotes apoptosis by regulating three pathways, apoptosome up-regulation, LGALS3/galectin-3 down-regulation and NF-kappa-B inactivation. Regulates the redistribution of APAF1 into the nucleus after proapoptotic stress. Down-regulates the expression of LGALS3 by inhibiting NFKB1. (1413 aa)
F2rProteinase-activated receptor 1; High affinity receptor for activated thrombin coupled to G proteins that stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. (430 aa)
Nlrc4NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4; Key component of inflammasomes that indirectly senses specific proteins from pathogenic bacteria and fungi and responds by assembling an inflammasome complex that promotes caspase-1 activation, cytokine production and macrophage pyroptosis. The NLRC4 inflammasome is activated as part of the innate immune response to a range of intracellular bacteria. It senses pathogenic proteins of the type III secretion system (T3SS) and type IV secretion system (T4SS) such as flagellin and PrgJ-like rod proteins via the Naip proteins (Naip1, Naip2 or Naip [...] (1024 aa)
Hip1Huntingtin-interacting protein 1; Plays a role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and trafficking. Involved in regulating AMPA receptor trafficking in the central nervous system in an NMDA-dependent manner. Regulates presynaptic nerve terminal activity. Enhances androgen receptor (AR)- mediated transcription (By similarity). May act as a proapoptotic protein that induces cell death by acting through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway (By similarity). Binds 3-phosphoinositides (via ENTH domain) (By similarity). May act through the ENTH domain to promote cell survival by stabilizing receptor [...] (1029 aa)
Naip5Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 1e; Sensor component of the NLRC4 inflammasome that specifically recognizes and binds flagellin from pathogenic bacteria such as Legionella or Salmonella. Association of pathogenic bacteria proteins drives in turn drive assembly and activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome, promoting caspase-1 activation, cytokine production and macrophage pyroptosis. The NLRC4 inflammasome is activated as part of the innate immune response to a range of intracellular bacteria. The NLRC4 inflammasome senses Gram- negative bacteria such as L.pneumophila and P.aerugi [...] (1403 aa)
Nod1Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1; Enhances caspase-9-mediated apoptosis. Induces NF-kappa-B activity via RIPK2 and IKK-gamma. Confers responsiveness to intracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Forms an intracellular sensing system along with ARHGEF2 for the detection of microbial effectors during cell invasion by pathogens. Recruits NLRP10 to the cell membrane following bacterial infection (By similarity). (953 aa)
Dnaja3DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 3, mitochondrial; Modulates apoptotic signal transduction or effector structures within the mitochondrial matrix. Affect cytochrome C release from the mitochondria and caspase 3 activation, but not caspase 8 activation. Isoform 1 increases apoptosis triggered by both TNF and the DNA-damaging agent mytomycin C; in sharp contrast, isoform 2 suppresses apoptosis. Can modulate IFN-gamma-mediated transcriptional activity (By similarity). Isoform 2 may play a role in neuromuscular junction development as an effector of the MUSK signaling pathway. (480 aa)
Foxl2Forkhead box protein L2; Transcriptional regulator. Critical factor essential for ovary differentiation and maintenance, and repression of the genetic program for somatic testis determination. Prevents trans- differentiation of ovary to testis through transcriptional repression of the Sertoli cell-promoting gene SOX9. Has apoptotic activity in ovarian cells. Suppresses ESR1-mediated transcription of PTGS2/COX2 stimulated by tamoxifen. Activates SIRT1 transcription under cellular stress conditions. Activates transcription of OSR2. Is a regulator of CYP19 expression. Is a transcriptional [...] (375 aa)
Rnf7RING-box protein 2; Probable component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcription (By similarity). CRLs complexes and ARIH1 collaborate in tandem to mediate ubiquitination of target proteins, ARIH1 mediating addition of the first ubiquitin on CRLs targets (By similarity). Through the RING-type zinc finger, seems to recruit the E2 ubiquitination enzyme to the complex and brings it into close proximity [...] (113 aa)
Pdcd2Programmed cell death protein 2; May be a DNA-binding protein with a regulatory function. May play an important role in cell death and/or in regulation of cell proliferation. (343 aa)
Igbp1bImmunoglobulin-binding protein 1b; Associated to surface IgM-receptor; may be involved in signal transduction (By similarity). May be involved in regulation of the catalytic activity of type 2A-related serine/threonine phosphatases. Belongs to the IGBP1/TAP42 family. (343 aa)
Sfn14-3-3 protein sigma; Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. When bound to KRT17, regulates protein synthesis and epithelial cell growth by stimulating Akt/mTOR pathway. May also regulate MDM2 autoubiquitination and degradation and thereby activate p53/TP53; Belongs to the 14-3-3 family. (248 aa)
CraddDeath domain-containing protein CRADD; Adapter protein that associates with PIDD1 and the caspase CASP2 to form the PIDDosome, a complex that activates CASP2 and triggers apoptosis. Also recruits CASP2 to the TNFR-1 signaling complex through its interaction with RIPK1 and TRADD and may play a role in the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. (199 aa)
Tnfsf15Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 15; Receptor for TNFRSF25 and TNFRSF6B. Mediates activation of NF-kappa-B. Inhibits vascular endothelial growth and angiogenesis (in vitro). Promotes activation of caspases and apoptosis (By similarity). Promotes splenocyte alloactivation; Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. (270 aa)
Serpinb9hSerine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 9h; Belongs to the serpin family. (377 aa)
Gpi1Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; In the cytoplasm, catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6- phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, the second step in glycolysis, and the reverse reaction during gluconeogenesis. Besides it's role as a glycolytic enzyme, also acts as a secreted cytokine: acts as an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility (By similarity). Acts as a neurotrophic factor, neuroleukin, for spinal and sensory neurons. It is secreted by lectin-stimulated T-cells and induces immunoglobulin secretion. Belongs to the GPI family. (558 aa)
Fnip1Folliculin-interacting protein 1; Acts as a co-chaperone of HSP90AA1. Inhibits the ATPase activity of HSP90AA1 leading to reduction in its chaperone activity. Facilitates the binding of client protein FLCN to HSP90AA1. Competes with the activating co-chaperone AHSA1 for binding to HSP90AA1, thereby providing a reciprocal regulatory mechanism for chaperoning of client proteins. May be involved in energy and/or nutrient sensing through the AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways. May regulate phosphorylation of RPS6KB1. (1165 aa)
Malt1Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 homolog; Enhances BCL10-induced activation of NF-kappa-B. Involved in nuclear export of BCL10. Binds to TRAF6, inducing TRAF6 oligomerization and activation of its ligase activity. Has ubiquitin ligase activity (By similarity). MALT1-dependent BCL10 cleavage plays an important role in T-cell antigen receptor-induced integrin adhesion (By similarity). Involved in the induction of T helper 17 cells (Th17) differentiation. Cleaves RC3H1 and ZC3H12A in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation which releases their coope [...] (821 aa)
FcmrFas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 3; May play a role in the immune system processes. Protects cells from FAS-, TNF alpha- and FADD-induced apoptosis without increasing expression of the inhibitors of apoptosis BCL2 and BCLXL. Seems to activate an inhibitory pathway that prevents CASP8 activation following FAS stimulation, rather than blocking apoptotic signals downstream. May inhibit FAS-induced apoptosis by preventing CASP8 processing through CFLAR up-regulation (By similarity). (422 aa)
DapDeath-associated protein 1; Negative regulator of autophagy. Involved in mediating interferon-gamma-induced cell death (By similarity). (102 aa)
Prr7Proline-rich protein 7; Acts as a synapse-to-nucleus messenger to promote NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in neurons in a JUN-dependent manner (By similarity). Inhibits ubiquitination-mediated degradation and promotes phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of transcription factor JUN (By similarity). Might play a redundant role in the regulation of T cell receptor signaling. Might promote apoptosis in T cells (By similarity). (269 aa)
Ift57Intraflagellar transport protein 57 homolog; Required for the formation of cilia. Plays an indirect role in sonic hedgehog signaling, cilia being required for all activity of the hedgehog pathway. Has pro-apoptotic function via its interaction with HIP1, leading to recruit caspase-8 (CASP8) and trigger apoptosis. Has the ability to bind DNA sequence motif 5'-AAAGACATG-3' present in the promoter of caspase genes such as CASP1, CASP8 and CASP10, suggesting that it may act as a transcription regulator; however the relevance of such function remains unclear. Belongs to the IFT57 family. (429 aa)
Senp1Sentrin-specific protease 1; Protease that catalyzes two essential functions in the SUMO pathway. The first is the hydrolysis of an alpha-linked peptide bond at the C-terminal end of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) propeptides, SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 leading to the mature form of the proteins. The second is the deconjugation of SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 from targeted proteins, by cleaving an epsilon-linked peptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of the mature SUMO and the lysine epsilon-amino group of the target protein. Deconjugates SUMO1 from HIPK2 (By similarity). Deconjug [...] (640 aa)
Thbs1Thrombospondin-1; Adhesive glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to- matrix interactions. Binds heparin. May play a role in dentinogenesis and/or maintenance of dentin and dental pulp. Ligand for CD36 mediating antiangiogenic properties (By similarity). Plays a role in ER stress response, via its interaction with the activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6) which produces adaptive ER stress response factors. (1171 aa)
Egln3Egl nine homolog 3; Plays a crucial role in DNA damage response (DDR) by hydroxylating TELO2, promoting its interaction with ATR which is required for activation of the ATR/CHK1/p53 pathway (By similarity). Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific proline found in each of the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains (N-terminal, NODD, and C-terminal, CODD) of HIF1A. Also hydroxylates HIF2A. Has a preference for the CODD site for both [...] (239 aa)
Arl6ip5PRA1 family protein 3; Regulates intracellular concentrations of taurine and glutamate (By similarity). Negatively modulates SLC1A1/EAAC1 glutamate transport activity by decreasing its affinity for glutamate in a PKC activity-dependent manner. May be involved in membrane traffic (By similarity). (188 aa)
Slc22a2Solute carrier family 22 member 2; Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamine, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4- (dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4- phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin may develop a nephrotoxic action. Transport of creatinine is inhibited by fluoroquinolones such as [...] (553 aa)
Aifm1Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial; Functions both as NADH oxidoreductase and as regulator of apoptosis (By similarity). In response to apoptotic stimuli, it is released from the mitochondrion intermembrane space into the cytosol and to the nucleus, where it functions as a proapoptotic factor in a caspase-independent pathway. The soluble form (AIFsol) found in the nucleus induces 'parthanatos' i.e. caspase-independent fragmentation of chromosomal DNA. Binds to DNA in a sequence- independent manner. Interacts with EIF3G, and thereby inhibits the EIF3 machinery and protein synthe [...] (612 aa)
Tnfsf10Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2, TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4 and possibly also to TNFRSF11B/OPG. Induces apoptosis. Its activity may be modulated by binding to the decoy receptors TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4 and TNFRSF11B/OPG that cannot induce apoptosis. (291 aa)
Acer2Alkaline ceramidase 2; Golgi ceramidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ceramides into sphingoid bases like sphingosine and free fatty acids at alkaline pH. Ceramides, sphingosine, and its phosphorylated form sphingosine-1-phosphate are bioactive lipids that mediate cellular signaling pathways regulating several biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Has a better catalytic efficiency towards unsaturated long-chain ceramides, including C18:1-, C20:1- and C24:1-ceramides (By similarity). Saturated long-chain ceramides and unsaturated very long- [...] (275 aa)
NodalNodal; Essential for mesoderm formation and axial patterning during embryonic development; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (354 aa)
Mul1Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1; Exhibits weak E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity (By similarity). E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfer the ubiquitin to targeted substrates (By similarity). Can ubiquitinate AKT1 preferentially at 'Lys-284' involving 'Lys-48'- linked polyubiquitination and seems to be involved in regulation of Akt signaling by targeting phosphorylated Akt to proteosomal degradation (By similarity). Proposed to preferentially act as a SUMO E3 ligase at phys [...] (352 aa)
Dhcr24Delta(24)-sterol reductase; Catalyzes the reduction of the delta-24 double bond of sterol intermediates during cholesterol biosynthesis. In addition to its cholesterol-synthesizing activity, can protects cells from oxidative stress by reducing caspase 3 activity during apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Also protects against amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis (By similarity). (516 aa)
AvpVasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin; Neurophysin 2 specifically binds vasopressin; Belongs to the vasopressin/oxytocin family. (168 aa)
D1Pas1Putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase Pl10; Putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase. Possible role in a key step of the spermatogenic process; Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX3/DED1 subfamily. (660 aa)
Ptgs2Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2; Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays imp [...] (604 aa)
Smad3Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP- 1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and m [...] (425 aa)
Map2k5Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5; Acts as a scaffold for the formation of a ternary MAP3K2/MAP3K3-MAP3K5-MAPK7 signaling complex. Activation of this pathway appears to play a critical role in protecting cells from stress-induced apoptosis, neuronal survival and cardiac development and angiogenesis. (448 aa)
CtshCathepsin H heavy chain; Important for the overall degradation of proteins in lysosomes; Belongs to the peptidase C1 family. (333 aa)
Mt3Metallothionein-3; Binds heavy metals. Contains three zinc and three copper atoms per polypeptide chain and only a negligible amount of cadmium. Inhibits survival and neurite formation of cortical neurons in vitro (By similarity); Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. (68 aa)
Eif2ak3Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3; Metabolic-stress sensing protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2- alpha/EIF2S1) on 'Ser-52' during the unfolded protein response (UPR) and in response to low amino acid availability. Converts phosphorylated eIF-2-alpha/EIF2S1 either in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to a reduced overall utilization of amino acids, or to a translation initiation activator of specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activator ATF4, and hence allowing ATF4-mediated [...] (1114 aa)
Sh3rf1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SH3RF1; Has E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. In the absence of an external substrate, it can catalyze self-ubiquitination. Stimulates ubiquitination of potassium channel KCNJ1, enhancing its dynamin- dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis (By similarity). Acts as a scaffold protein that coordinates with MAPK8IP1/JIP1 in organizing different components of the JNK pathway, including RAC1 or RAC2, MAP3K11/MLK3 or MAP3K7/TAK1, MAP2K7/MKK7, MAPK8/JNK1 and/or MAPK9/JNK2 into a functional multiprotein complex to ensure the effective activation of the J [...] (891 aa)
Gas6Growth arrest-specific protein 6; Ligand for tyrosine-protein kinase receptors AXL, TYRO3 and MER whose signaling is implicated in cell growth and survival, cell adhesion and cell migration. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. (674 aa)
Rps6ka3Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of ERK (MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1) signaling and mediates mitogenic and stress-induced activation of the transcription factors CREB1, ETV1/ER81 and NR4A1/NUR77, regulates translation through RPS6 and EIF4B phosphorylation, and mediates cellular proliferation, survival, and differentiation by modulating mTOR signaling and repressing pro- apoptotic function of BAD and DAPK1. In fibroblast, is required for EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of CREB1 and histone H3 at 'Ser-10', which results in the subseq [...] (740 aa)
Igbp1Immunoglobulin-binding protein 1; Associated to surface IgM-receptor; may be involved in signal transduction. Involved in regulation of the catalytic activity of the phosphatases PP2A, PP4 and PP6 by protecting their partially folded catalytic subunits from degradative polyubiquitination until they associate with regulatory subunits; Belongs to the IGBP1/TAP42 family. (340 aa)
BaxApoptosis regulator BAX; Accelerates programmed cell death by binding to, and antagonizing the apoptosis repressor BCL2 or its adenovirus homolog E1B 19k protein. Under stress conditions, undergoes a conformation change that causes translocation to the mitochondrion membrane, leading to the release of cytochrome c that then triggers apoptosis. Promotes activation of CASP3, and thereby apoptosis. BAX deficiency leads to lymphoid hyperplasia and male sterility, because of the cessation of sperm production; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (192 aa)
PycardApoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; Functions as key mediator in apoptosis and inflammation. Promotes caspase-mediated apoptosis involving predominantly caspase-8 and also caspase-9 in a probable cell type-specific manner. Involved in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, promotes caspase-8- dependent proteolytic maturation of BID independently of FADD in certain cell types and also mediates mitochondrial translocation of BAX and activates BAX-dependent apoptosis coupled to activation of caspase- 9, -2 and -3. Involved in macrophage pyroptosis, a cas [...] (193 aa)
Rps340S ribosomal protein S3; Involved in translation as a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit (By similarity). Has endonuclease activity and plays a role in repair of damaged DNA. Cleaves phosphodiester bonds of DNAs containing altered bases with broad specificity and cleaves supercoiled DNA more efficiently than relaxed DNA (By similarity). Displays high binding affinity for 7,8-dihydro-8- oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a common DNA lesion caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) (By similarity). Has also been shown to bind with similar affinity to intact and damaged DNA (By similarity). S [...] (243 aa)
Arl6ip1ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6-interacting protein 1; Positively regulates SLC1A1/EAAC1-mediated glutamate transport by increasing its affinity for glutamate in a PKC activity- dependent manner. Promotes the catalytic efficiency of SLC1A1/EAAC1 probably by reducing its interaction with ARL6IP5, a negative regulator of SLC1A1/EAAC1-mediated glutamate transport. Plays a role in the formation and stabilization of endoplasmic reticulum tubules. Negatively regulates apoptosis, possibly by modulating the activity of caspase-9 (CASP9). Inhibits cleavage of CASP9-dependent substrates a [...] (203 aa)
Cd27CD27 antigen; Receptor for CD70/CD27L. May play a role in survival of activated T-cells. May play a role in apoptosis through association with SIVA1. (250 aa)
RetExtracellular cell-membrane anchored RET cadherin 120 kDa fragment; Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase involved in numerous cellular mechanisms including cell proliferation, neuronal navigation, cell migration, and cell differentiation upon binding with glial cell derived neurotrophic factor family ligands. Phosphorylates PTK2/FAK1. Regulates both cell death/survival balance and positional information. Required for the molecular mechanisms orchestration during intestine organogenesis; involved in the development of enteric nervous system and renal organogenesis during embryonic life, and [...] (1115 aa)
Casp2Caspase-2 subunit p12; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Might function by either activating some proteins required for cell death or inactivating proteins necessary for cell survival. Associates with PIDD1 and CRADD to form the PIDDosome, a complex that activates CASP2 and triggers apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress (By similarity). (452 aa)
Hnf1aHepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha; Transcriptional activator that regulates the tissue specific expression of multiple genes, especially in pancreatic islet cells and in liver. Binds to the inverted palindrome 5'- GTTAATNATTAAC-3'. Activates the transcription of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A11. Belongs to the HNF1 homeobox family. (628 aa)
Triap1TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1; Involved in the modulation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by ensuring the accumulation of cardiolipin (CL) in mitochondrial membranes. In vitro, the TRIAP1:PRELID1 complex mediates the transfer of phosphatidic acid (PA) between liposomes and probably functions as a PA transporter across the mitochondrion intermembrane space to provide PA for CL synthesis in the inner membrane. Likewise, the TRIAP1:PRELID3A complex mediates the transfer of phosphatidic acid (PA) between liposomes (in vitro) and probably functions as a PA transporter acros [...] (76 aa)
Rnf34E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF34; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that regulates several biological processes through the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of various target proteins. Ubiquitinates the caspases CASP8 and CASP10, promoting their proteasomal degradation, to negatively regulate cell death downstream of death domain receptors in the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. May mediate 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination of RIPK1 and its subsequent proteasomal degradation thereby indirectly regulating the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. Negatively regulates p5 [...] (376 aa)
Casp9Caspase-9 subunit p10; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Binding of caspase-9 to Apaf-1 leads to activation of the protease which then cleaves and activates caspase-3. Promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis in a ABL1/c-Abl-dependent manner. Proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (By similarity). (454 aa)
Caap1Caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1; Anti-apoptotic protein that modulates a caspase-10 dependent mitochondrial caspase-3/9 feedback amplification loop. (356 aa)
VcpTransitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase; Necessary for the fragmentation of Golgi stacks during mitosis and for their reassembly after mitosis. Involved in the formation of the transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER). The transfer of membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus occurs via 50-70 nm transition vesicles which derive from part-rough, part-smooth transitional elements of the endoplasmic reticulum (tER). Vesicle budding from the tER is an ATP-dependent process. The ternary complex containing UFD1, VCP and NPLOC4 binds ubiquitinated proteins and is neces [...] (806 aa)
Epha7Ephrin type-A receptor 7; Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously GPI- anchored ephrin-A family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Among GPI-anchored ephrin-A ligands, EFNA5 is a cognate/functional ligand for EPHA7 and their interaction regulates brain development modulating cell-cell adhesion and repulsion. Has a repel [...] (998 aa)
Casp8ap2CASP8-associated protein 2; Participates in TNF-alpha-induced blockade of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transactivation at the nuclear receptor coactivator level, upstream and independently of NF-kappa-B. Suppresses both NCOA2- and NCOA3-induced enhancement of GR transactivation (By similarity). Required for histone gene transcription and progression through S phase (By similarity). Required for histone gene transcription and S phase progression (By similarity). Involved in TNF- alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa-B via a TRAF2-dependent pathway. Acts as a downstream mediator for CASP8 [...] (1962 aa)
Ccn1CCN family member 1; Promotes cell proliferation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. Appears to play a role in wound healing by up- regulating, in skin fibroblasts, the expression of a number of genes involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and matrix remodeling including VEGA-A, VEGA-C, MMP1, MMP3, TIMP1, uPA, PAI-1 and integrins alpha-3 and alpha-5 (By similarity). CCN1-mediated gene regulation is dependent on heparin-binding (By similarity). Down-regulates the expression of alpha-1 and alpha-2 subunits of collagen type-1 (By similarity). Promotes cell adhesion and adhesive s [...] (379 aa)
Bcl10B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10; Involved in adaptive immune response. Promotes apoptosis, pro-caspase-9 maturation and activation of NF-kappa-B via NIK and IKK. May be an adapter protein between upstream TNFR1-TRADD-RIP complex and the downstream NIK-IKK-IKAP complex. Is a substrate for MALT1. (233 aa)
F3Tissue factor; Initiates blood coagulation by forming a complex with circulating factor VII or VIIa. The [TF:VIIa] complex activates factors IX or X by specific limited proteolysis. TF plays a role in normal hemostasis by initiating the cell-surface assembly and propagation of the coagulation protease cascade. (294 aa)
Sfrp2Secreted frizzled-related protein 2; Soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPS) function as modulators of Wnt signaling through direct interaction with Wnts. They have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in specific cell types. SFRP2 may be important for eye retinal development and for myogenesis. (295 aa)
CyctCytochrome c, testis-specific; Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. (105 aa)
GsnGelsolin; Calcium-regulated, actin-modulating protein that binds to the plus (or barbed) ends of actin monomers or filaments, preventing monomer exchange (end-blocking or capping). It can promote the assembly of monomers into filaments (nucleation) as well as sever filaments already formed. Plays a role in ciliogenesis; Belongs to the villin/gelsolin family. (780 aa)
Acvr1cActivin receptor type-1C; Serine/threonine protein kinase which forms a receptor complex on ligand binding. The receptor complex consisting of 2 type II and 2 type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators, SMAD2 and SMAD3. Receptor for activin AB, activin B and NODAL. Plays a role in cell differentiation, growth arrest and apoptosis. (493 aa)
BokBcl-2-related ovarian killer protein; Apoptosis regulator that functions through different apoptotic signaling pathways. Plays a roles as pro-apoptotic protein that positively regulates intrinsic apoptotic process in a BAX- and BAK1-dependent manner or in a BAX- and BAK1- independent manner. In response to endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes mitochondrial apoptosis through downstream BAX/BAK1 activation and positive regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response. Activates apoptosis independently of heterodimerization with survival-promoting BCL2 and BCL2L1 through induction o [...] (213 aa)
Ppm1fProtein phosphatase 1F; Dephosphorylates and concomitantly deactivates CaM-kinase II activated upon autophosphorylation, and CaM-kinases IV and I activated upon phosphorylation by CaM-kinase kinase. Promotes apoptosis (By similarity). (452 aa)
Vil1Villin-1; Epithelial cell-specific Ca(2+)-regulated actin-modifying protein that modulates the reorganization of microvillar actin filaments. Plays a role in the actin nucleation, actin filament bundle assembly, actin filament capping and severing. Binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA); binds LPA with higher affinity than PIP2. Binding to LPA increases its phosphorylation by SRC and inhibits all actin-modifying activities. Binding to PIP2 inhibits actin-capping and -severing activities but enhances actin-bundling activity. Regulates the inte [...] (827 aa)
Hspd160 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial; Chaperonin implicated in mitochondrial protein import and macromolecular assembly. Together with Hsp10, facilitates the correct folding of imported proteins. May also prevent misfolding and promote the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions in the mitochondrial matrix. The functional units of these chaperonins consist of heptameric rings of the large subunit Hsp60, which function as a back-to-back double ring. In a cyclic reaction, Hsp60 ring complexes bind one unfolded substrate protein per rin [...] (573 aa)
Casp1Caspase-1 subunit p10; Thiol protease that cleaves IL-1 beta between an Asp and an Ala, releasing the mature cytokine which is involved in a variety of inflammatory processes. Important for defense against pathogens. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Can also promote apoptosis (By similarity). Upon inflammasome activation, during DNA virus infection but not RNA virus challenge, controls antiviral immunity through the cleavage of CGAS, rendering it inactive. In apoptotic cells, cleaves SPHK2 which is released from cells and remains enzymatically [...] (402 aa)
Casp12Caspase-12; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (419 aa)
XiapE3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP; Multi-functional protein which regulates not only caspases and apoptosis, but also modulates inflammatory signaling and immunity, copper homeostasis, mitogenic kinase signaling, cell proliferation, as well as cell invasion and metastasis. Acts as a direct caspase inhibitor. Directly bind to the active site pocket of CASP3 and CASP7 and obstructs substrate entry. Inactivates CASP9 by keeping it in a monomeric, inactive state. Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating NF-kappa-B signaling and the target proteins for its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligas [...] (496 aa)
Il6Interleukin-6; Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasm [...] (211 aa)
Pidd1P53-induced death domain-containing protein 1; Component of the DNA damage/stress response pathway that functions downstream of p53/TP53 and can either promote cell survival or apoptosis. Associated with CRADD and the CASP2 caspase, it forms the PIDDosome a complex that activates CASP2 and triggers apoptosis. Associated with IKBKG and RIPK1, it enhances sumoylation and ubiquitination of IKBKG which is important for activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B (By similarity). (915 aa)
Prdx3Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. (257 aa)
BadBcl2-associated agonist of cell death; Promotes cell death. Successfully competes for the binding to Bcl-X(L), Bcl-2 and Bcl-W, thereby affecting the level of heterodimerization of these proteins with BAX. Can reverse the death repressor activity of Bcl-X(L), but not that of Bcl-2. Appears to act as a link between growth factor receptor signaling and the apoptotic pathways. (204 aa)
Prdx5Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and as sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events. (210 aa)
Slc1a1Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate. Can also transport L-cysteine. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (By similarity). Plays an important role in L-glutamate and L-aspar [...] (523 aa)
FasTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6; Receptor for TNFSF6/FASLG. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. FAS-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen- stimulated suicide of mature T-cells, or both (By similarity). (327 aa)
Pmaip1Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1; Promotes activation of caspases and apoptosis. Promotes mitochondrial membrane changes and efflux of apoptogenic proteins from the mitochondria. Contributes to p53/TP53-dependent apoptosis after radiation exposure. Promotes proteasomal degradation of MCL1. Competes with BIM/BCL2L11 for binding to MCL1 and can displace BIM/BCL2L11 from its binding site on MCL1 (By similarity). Competes with BAK1 for binding to MCL1 and can displace BAK1 from its binding site on MCL1. (103 aa)
Dele1DAP3-binding cell death enhancer 1; Essential for the induction of death receptor-mediated apoptosis through the regulation of caspase activation. (510 aa)
TnfTumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...] (235 aa)
XdhXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase; Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. (1335 aa)
Slc11a2Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2; May serve to import iron into the mitochondria (By similarity). Important in metal transport, in particular iron. Involved in apical iron uptake into duodenal enterocytes. Involved in iron transport from acidified endosomes into the cytoplasm of erythroid precursor cells. May play an important role in hepatic iron accumulation and tissue iron distribution. (568 aa)
Robo1Roundabout homolog 1; Receptor for SLIT1 and SLIT2 that mediates cellular responses to molecular guidance cues in cellular migration, including axonal navigation at the ventral midline of the neural tube and projection of axons to different regions during neuronal development. Interaction with the intracellular domain of FLRT3 mediates axon attraction towards cells expressing NTN1. In axon growth cones, the silencing of the attractive effect of NTN1 by SLIT2 may require the formation of a ROBO1-DCC complex (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of cell migration via its intera [...] (1612 aa)
Pak2Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2; Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell motility, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or proliferation. Acts as downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Full-length PAK2 stimulates cell survival and cell growth. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream targ [...] (524 aa)
MycMyc proto-oncogene protein; Transcription factor that binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3'. Activates the transcription of growth-related genes. Binds to the VEGFA promoter, promoting VEGFA production and subsequent sprouting angiogenesis. Regulator of somatic reprogramming, controls self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Functions with TAF6L to activate target gene expression through RNA polymerase II pause release. (454 aa)
Tnfrsf10bTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B; Receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TNFSF10/TRAIL. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. Promotes the activation of NF-kappa-B. Essential for ER stress-induced apoptosis. (381 aa)
Nkx3-1Homeobox protein Nkx-3.1; Transcription factor, which binds preferentially the consensus sequence 5'-TAAGT[AG]-3' and can behave as a transcriptional repressor (By similarity). Plays an important role in normal prostate development, regulating proliferation of glandular epithelium and in the formation of ducts in prostate. Acts as a tumor suppressor controlling prostate carcinogenesis, as shown by the ability to suppress growth and tumorigenicity of prostate carcinoma cells. Plays a role in the formation of minor salivary glands (particularly palatine and lingual glands). Essential for [...] (237 aa)
Naip1Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 1a; Anti-apoptotic protein which acts by inhibiting the activities of CASP3, CASP7 and CASP9. Can inhibit the autocleavage of pro-CASP9 and cleavage of pro-CASP3 by CASP9. Capable of inhibiting CASP9 autoproteolysis at 'Asp-315' and decreasing the rate of auto proteolysis at 'Asp-330'. Acts as a mediator of neuronal survival in pathological conditions. Prevents motor-neuron apoptosis induced by a variety of signals (By similarity). (1403 aa)
Il9Interleukin-9; Supports IL-2 independent and IL-4 independent growth of helper T-cells; Belongs to the IL-7/IL-9 family. (144 aa)
Serpinb9cSerine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 9c; Belongs to the serpin family. (387 aa)
Atp2a3Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3; This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium. Transports calcium ions from the cytosol into the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Contributes to calcium sequestration involved in muscular excitation/contraction; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIA subfamily. (1038 aa)
P2rx1P2X purinoceptor 1; Ligand-gated ion channel with relatively high calcium permeability. Binding to ATP mediates synaptic transmission between neurons and from neurons to smooth muscle. Seems to be linked to apoptosis, by increasing the intracellular concentration of calcium in the presence of ATP, leading to programmed cell death (By similarity). (399 aa)
Rack1Receptor of activated protein C kinase 1, N-terminally processed; Scaffolding protein involved in the recruitment, assembly and/or regulation of a variety of signaling molecules. Interacts with a wide variety of proteins and plays a role in many cellular processes. Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit involved in translational repression. Involved in the initiation of the ribosome quality control (RQC), a pathway that takes place when a ribosome has stalled during translation, by promoting ubiquitination of a subset of 40S ribosomal subunits (By similarity). Binds to and stabilizes a [...] (317 aa)
Ppp2caSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform; PP2A is the major phosphatase for microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). PP2A can modulate the activity of phosphorylase B kinase casein kinase 2, mitogen-stimulated S6 kinase, and MAP-2 kinase. Cooperates with SGO2 to protect centromeric cohesin from separase- mediated cleavage in oocytes specifically during meiosis I. Activates RAF1 by dephosphorylating it at 'Ser-259' (By similarity). (309 aa)
Mdm2E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of p53/TP53, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Inhibits p53/TP53- and p73/TP73- mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by binding its transcriptional activation domain (By similarity). Also acts as a ubiquitin ligase E3 toward itself, ARRB1 and ARBB2. Permits the nuclear export of p53/TP53 (By similarity). Promotes proteasome-dependent ubiquitin-independent degradation of retinoblastoma RB1 protein (By similarity). Inhibits DAXX-mediated apoptosis by inducing its ubiquitination and [...] (489 aa)
Ccn2CCN family member 2; Major connective tissue mitoattractant secreted by vascular endothelial cells. Promotes proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes (By similarity). Mediates heparin- and divalent cation- dependent cell adhesion in many cell types including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells (By similarity). Enhances fibroblast growth factor-induced DNA synthesis (By similarity). (348 aa)
Apaf1Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1; Oligomeric Apaf-1 mediates the cytochrome c-dependent autocatalytic activation of pro-caspase-9 (Apaf-3), leading to the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis. This activation requires ATP (By similarity). (1249 aa)
Mical1[F-actin]-monooxygenase MICAL1; Monooxygenase that promotes depolymerization of F-actin by mediating oxidation of specific methionine residues on actin to form methionine-sulfoxide, resulting in actin filament disassembly and preventing repolymerization. In the absence of actin, it also functions as a NADPH oxidase producing H(2)O(2) (By similarity). Acts as a cytoskeletal regulator that connects NEDD9 to intermediate filaments. Also acts as a negative regulator of apoptosis via its interaction with STK38 and STK38L; acts by antagonizing STK38 and STK38L activation by MST1/STK4. Involv [...] (1048 aa)
Dpep1Dipeptidase 1; Hydrolyzes a wide range of dipeptides. Implicated in the renal metabolism of glutathione and its conjugates. Converts leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4; it may play an important role in the regulation of leukotriene activity. (410 aa)
Fis1Mitochondrial fission 1 protein; Involved in the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and its perinuclear clustering. Plays a minor role in the recruitment and association of the fission mediator dynamin-related protein 1 (DNM1L) to the mitochondrial surface and mitochondrial fission. May be not essential for the assembly of functional fission complexes and the subsequent membrane scission event. Can induce cytochrome c release from the mitochondrion to the cytosol, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Also mediates peroxisomal fission. (152 aa)
CryaaAlpha-crystallin A chain; Contributes to the transparency and refractive index of the lens (By similarity). Has chaperone-like activity, preventing aggregation of various proteins under a wide range of stress conditions (By similarity). Required for the correct formation of lens intermediate filaments as part of a complex composed of BFSP1, BFSP2 and CRYAA (By similarity). (196 aa)
Mmp9Matrix metalloproteinase-9; Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase M10A family. (730 aa)
Nol3Nucleolar protein 3; Apoptosis repressor that blocks multiple modes of cell death. Inhibits extrinsic apoptotic pathways through two different ways. Firstly by interacting with FAS and FADD upon FAS activation blocking death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) assembly (By similarity). Secondly by interacting with CASP8 in a mitochondria localization- and phosphorylation-dependent manner, limiting the amount of soluble CASP8 available for DISC-mediated activation (By similarity). Inhibits intrinsic apoptotic pathway in response to a wide range of stresses, through its interaction with BA [...] (220 aa)
Birc3Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3; Multi-functional protein which regulates not only caspases and apoptosis, but also modulates inflammatory signaling and immunity, mitogenic kinase signaling and cell proliferation, as well as cell invasion and metastasis. Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating NF-kappa-B signaling and regulates both canonical and non- canonical NF-kappa-B signaling by acting in opposite directions: acts as a positive regulator of the canonical pathway and suppresses constitutive activation of non-canonical NF-kappa-B signaling. The target proteins [...] (602 aa)
Wnt3aProtein Wnt-3a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in activation of transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family. Required for normal embryonic mesoderm development and formation of caudal somites. Required for normal morphogenesis of the developing neural tube. Mediates self-renewal of the stem cells at the bottom on intestinal crypts (in vitro). (352 aa)
Dnajb6DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6; Plays an indispensable role in the organization of KRT8/KRT18 filaments. Acts as an endogenous molecular chaperone for neuronal proteins including huntingtin. Suppresses aggregation and toxicity of polyglutamine-containing, aggregation-prone proteins (By similarity). Has a stimulatory effect on the ATPase activity of HSP70 in a dose- dependent and time-dependent manner and hence acts as a co-chaperone of HSP70. Also reduces cellular toxicity and caspase-3 activity (By similarity). (365 aa)
RhoaTransforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis (By similarity). [...] (193 aa)
Serpinb9bSerine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 9b; Belongs to the serpin family. (377 aa)
Tnfsf14Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF3/LTBR. Binding to the decoy receptor TNFRSF6B modulates its effects. Activates NFKB and stimulates the proliferation of T-cells. Acts as a ligand for TNFRSF14/HVEM. Upon binding to TNFRSF14/HVEM, delivers costimulatory signals to T cells, leading to T cell proliferation and IFNG production (By similarity). (239 aa)
Tfap4Transcription factor AP4. (338 aa)
PorNADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase; This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the flavodoxin family. (678 aa)
AppGamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G [...] (695 aa)
Cd44CD44 antigen; Cell-surface receptor that plays a role in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration, helping them to sense and respond to changes in the tissue microenvironment. Participates thereby in a wide variety of cellular functions including the activation, recirculation and homing of T-lymphocytes, hematopoiesis, inflammation and response to bacterial infection. Engages, through its ectodomain, extracellular matrix components such as hyaluronan/HA, collagen, growth factors, cytokines or proteases and serves as a platform for signal transduction by assembling, via its c [...] (780 aa)
Aqp1Aquaporin-1; Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of red cells and kidney proximal tubules with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. (269 aa)
BidBH3-interacting domain death agonist p11; Induces caspases and apoptosis. Counters the protective effect of Bcl-2. The major proteolytic product p15 BID allows the release of cytochrome c. (195 aa)
Fam162aProtein FAM162A; Proposed to be involved in regulation of apoptosis; the exact mechanism may differ between cell types/tissues. May be involved in hypoxia-induced cell death of transformed cells implicating cytochrome C release and caspase activation (such as CASP9) and inducing mitochondrial permeability transition. May be involved in hypoxia- induced cell death of neuronal cells probably by promoting release of AIFM1 from mitochondria to cytoplasm and its translocation to the nucleus; however, the involvement of caspases has been reported conflictingly; Belongs to the UPF0389 family. (155 aa)
Bcl2l12BCL2-like 12 (proline-rich). (255 aa)
PlaurUrokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor; Acts as a receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator. Plays a role in localizing and promoting plasmin formation. Mediates the proteolysis-independent signal transduction activation effects of U-PA. (327 aa)
Bbc3Bcl-2-binding component 3; Essential mediator of p53/TP53-dependent and p53/TP53- independent apoptosis. Functions by promoting partial unfolding of BCL2L1 and dissociation of BCL2L1 from p53/TP53 (By similarity). Regulates ER stress-induced neuronal apoptosis; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (193 aa)
Bcap31B-cell receptor-associated protein 31; Functions as a chaperone protein. Is one of the most abundant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins. Plays a role in the export of secreted proteins in the ER, the recognition of abnormally folded protein and their targeting to the ER associated-degradation (ERAD). Also serves as a cargo receptor for the export of transmembrane proteins. May be involved in CASP8-mediated apoptosis. (245 aa)
Akt1RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the [...] (480 aa)
Hip1rHuntingtin-interacting protein 1-related protein; Component of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles, that may link the endocytic machinery to the actin cytoskeleton. Binds 3- phosphoinositides (via ENTH domain). May act through the ENTH domain to promote cell survival by stabilizing receptor tyrosine kinases following ligand-induced endocytosis. (1068 aa)
FaslTumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF6/FAS, a receptor that transduces the apoptotic signal into cells. Involved in cytotoxic T-cell-mediated apoptosis, natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis and in T-cell development. Initiates fratricidal/suicidal activation-induced cell death (AICD) in antigen-activated T-cells contributing to the termination of immune responses. TNFRSF6/FAS-mediated apoptosis has also a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance. Binds to TNFRSF6B/DcR3, a decoy receptor that blocks apoptosis (By similarit [...] (279 aa)
Ddx3xATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X; Multifunctional ATP-dependent RNA helicase. The ATPase activity can be stimulated by various ribo-and deoxynucleic acids indicative for a relaxed substrate specificity. In vitro can unwind partially double-stranded DNA with a preference for 5'-single-stranded DNA overhangs. Binds RNA G-quadruplex (rG4s) structures, including those located in the 5'-UTR of NRAS mRNA. Involved in many cellular processes, which do not necessarily require its ATPase/helicase catalytic activities. Involved in transcription regulation. Positively regulates CDKN1A/WAF1/CIP1 t [...] (662 aa)
PpargPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut ho [...] (505 aa)
Alox12Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S-type; Catalyzes the regio and stereo-specific incorporation of a single molecule of dioxygen into free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids generating lipid hydroperoxides that can be further reduced to the corresponding hydroxy species. Mainly converts arachidonic acid to (12S)- hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/(12S)-HPETE but can also metabolize linoleic acid. In contrast does not react towards methyl esters of linoleic and arachidonic acids. Also catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 14S-hydroperoxy-d [...] (663 aa)
Cdh1Cadherin-1; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7 (By similarity). (Microbial infection) Does not function as a receptor for L.monocytogenes internalin A (InlA); mutating a single surface-exposed residue confers recep [...] (884 aa)
Ifi202bInterferon-activable protein 202; Inhibits the transcriptional activity of several transcription factors, including NF-kappa-B p50 and p65, FOS, JUN, E2F1, E2F4, MYOD1 and myogenin. Has anti-apoptotic effects due to inhibition of the transcriptional activity of p53. Binds dsDNA in the cytosol. Is involved in innate immune response and has anti- inflammatory activity. Inhibits caspase activation in response to cytosolic DNA and inhibits the activation of the AIM2 inflammasome, probably by sequestering cytoplasmic DNA and preventing its being bound by AIM2; Belongs to the HIN-200 family. (445 aa)
NgfrTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16; Low affinity neurotrophin receptor which can bind to mature NGF, BDNF, NTF3, and NTF4. Forms a heterodimeric receptor with SORCS2 that binds the precursor forms of NGF (proNGF), BDNF (proBDNF) and NTF3 (proNT3) with high affinity, and has much lower affinity for mature NGF and BDNF. Plays an important role in differentiation and survival of specific neuronal populations during development. Can mediate cell survival as well as cell death of neural cells. The heterodimeric receptor formed with SORCS2 plays a role in proBDNF-dependent [...] (427 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
Server load: low (20%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.