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| | Ing3 | Inhibitor of growth protein 3; Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. This modification may both alter nucleosome - DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription. This complex may be required for the activation of transcriptional programs associated with oncogene and proto-oncogene mediated growth induction, tumor suppressor mediated growth arrest and replicat [...] (421 aa) |
| | Bcl7b | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 7 protein family member B; Positive regulator of apoptosis. Plays a role in the Wnt signaling pathway, negatively regulating the expression of Wnt signaling components CTNNB1 and HMGA1 (By similarity). Involved in cell cycle progression, maintenance of the nuclear structure and stem cell differentiation (By similarity). May play a role in lung tumor development or progression; Belongs to the BCL7 family. (202 aa) |
| | Ruvbl1 | RuvB-like 1; Possesses single-stranded DNA-stimulated ATPase and ATP- dependent DNA helicase (3' to 5') activity; hexamerization is thought to be critical for ATP hydrolysis and adjacent subunits in the ring- like structure contribute to the ATPase activity (By similarity). Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A (By similarity). This modification may both alter nucleosome-DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with oth [...] (456 aa) |
| | Morf4l2 | Mortality factor 4-like protein 2; Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. This modification may both alter nucleosome - DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription. This complex may be required for the activation of transcriptional programs associated with oncogene and proto-oncogene mediated growth induction, tumor suppressor mediated growth arrest and replicative [...] (288 aa) |
| | Brd7 | Bromodomain-containing protein 7; Acts both as coactivator and as corepressor. May play a role in chromatin remodeling. Transcriptional corepressor that down- regulates the expression of target genes. Binds to target promoters, leading to increased histone H3 acetylation at 'Lys-9' (H3K9ac). Binds to the ESR1 promoter. Recruits BRCA1 and POU2F1 to the ESR1 promoter. Coactivator for TP53-mediated activation of transcription of a set of target genes. Required for TP53-mediated cell-cycle arrest in response to oncogene activation. Promotes acetylation of TP53 at 'Lys-382', and thereby pro [...] (651 aa) |
| | H2az1 | Histone H2A.Z; Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post- translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. May be involved in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin. May be required for c [...] (128 aa) |
| | H1f8 | Histone H1oo; May play a key role in the control of gene expression during oogenesis and early embryogenesis, presumably through the perturbation of chromatin structure. Essential for meiotic maturation of germinal vesicle-stage oocytes. The somatic type linker histone H1c is rapidly replaced by H1oo in a donor nucleus transplanted into an oocyte. The greater mobility of H1oo as compared to H1c may contribute to this rapid replacement and increased instability of the embryonic chromatin structure. The rapid replacement of H1c with H1oo may play an important role in nuclear remodeling. (304 aa) |
| | H1f6 | Histone H1t; Testis-specific histone H1 that forms less compacted chromatin compared to other H1 histone subtypes. Formation of more relaxed chromatin may be required to promote chromatin architecture required for proper chromosome regulation during meiosis, such as homologous recombination. Histones H1 act as linkers that bind to nucleosomes and compact polynucleosomes into a higher-order chromatin configuration. (209 aa) |
| | Kat6a | Histone acetyltransferase KAT6A; Histone acetyltransferase that acetylates lysine residues in histone H3 and histone H4 (in vitro). Component of the MOZ/MORF complex which has a histone H3 acetyltransferase activity. May act as a transcriptional coactivator for RUNX1 and RUNX2 (By similarity). Acetylates p53/TP53 at 'Lys-120' and 'Lys-382' and controls its transcriptional activity via association with PML (By similarity). (2003 aa) |
| | Kdm1b | Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1B; Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, thereby acting as a corepressor. Required for de novo DNA methylation of a subset of imprinted genes during oogenesis. Acts by oxidizing the substrate by FAD to generate the corresponding imine that is subsequently hydrolyzed. Demethylates both mono- and di-methylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3. Has no effect on tri-methylated 'Lys-4', mono-, di- or tri-methylated 'Lys-9', mono-, di- or tri-methylated 'Lys-27', mono-, di- or tri-methy [...] (826 aa) |
| | Shprh | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SHPRH; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in DNA repair. Upon genotoxic stress, accepts ubiquitin from the UBE2N-UBE2V2 E2 complex and transfers it to 'Lys-164' of PCNA which had been monoubiquitinated by UBE2A/B-RAD18, promoting the formation of non-canonical poly- ubiquitin chains linked through 'Lys-63'. (1674 aa) |
| | Mis12 | Protein MIS12 homolog; Part of the MIS12 complex which is required for normal chromosome alignment and segregation and for kinetochore formation during mitosis. Essential for proper kinetochore microtubule attachments. (206 aa) |
| | Hils1 | Spermatid-specific linker histone H1-like protein; DNA-binding protein that may be implicated in chromatin remodeling and/or transcriptional regulation during spermiogenesis, the process of spermatid maturation into spermatozoa; Belongs to the histone H1/H5 family. (170 aa) |
| | Stn1 | CST complex subunit STN1; Component of the CST complex proposed to act as a specialized replication factor promoting DNA replication under conditions of replication stress or natural replication barriers such as the telomere duplex. The CST complex binds single-stranded DNA with high affinity in a sequence-independent manner, while isolated subunits bind DNA with low affinity by themselves. Initially the CST complex has been proposed to protect telomeres from DNA degradation. However, the CST complex has been shown to be involved in several aspects of telomere replication. The CST comp [...] (378 aa) |
| | Stag3 | Cohesin subunit SA-3; Meiosis specific component of cohesin complex. The cohesin complex is required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. The meiosis-specific cohesin complex probably replaces mitosis specific cohesin complex when it dissociates from chromatin during prophase I; Belongs to the SCC3 family. (1240 aa) |
| | Ss18l1 | Calcium-responsive transactivator; Transcriptional activator which is required for calcium- dependent dendritic growth and branching in cortical neurons. Recruits CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) to nuclear bodies. Component of the CREST-BRG1 complex, a multiprotein complex that regulates promoter activation by orchestrating a calcium-dependent release of a repressor complex and a recruitment of an activator complex. In resting neurons, transcription of the c-FOS promoter is inhibited by BRG1-dependent recruitment of a phospho-RB1-HDAC1 repressor complex. Upon calcium influx, RB1 is depho [...] (402 aa) |
| | Helq | Helicase POLQ-like; Single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase and 5' to 3' DNA helicase. Involved in the repair of DNA cross-links and double-strand break (DSB) resistance. Participates in FANCD2-mediated repair. Forms a complex with POLN polymerase that participates in homologous recombination (HR) repair and is essential for cellular protection against DNA cross-links; Belongs to the helicase family. SKI2 subfamily. (1069 aa) |
| | Ncapd2 | Condensin complex subunit 1; Regulatory subunit of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases. May target the condensin complex to DNA via its C-terminal domain. May promote the resolution of double-strand DNA catenanes (intertwines) between sister chromatids. Condensin-mediated compaction likely in [...] (1392 aa) |
| | H2ap | Huntingtin-interacting protein M. (117 aa) |
| | H1f3 | Histone H1.3; Histone H1 protein binds to linker DNA between nucleosomes forming the macromolecular structure known as the chromatin fiber. Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers. Acts also as a regulator of individual gene transcription through chromatin remodeling, nucleosome spacing and DNA methylation (By similarity). (221 aa) |
| | Smc1a | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A; Involved in chromosome cohesion during cell cycle and in DNA repair. Involved in DNA repair via its interaction with BRCA1 and its related phosphorylation by ATM, and works as a downstream effector in the ATM/NBS1 branch of S-phase checkpoint (By similarity). Central component of cohesin complex. The cohesin complex is required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and [...] (1233 aa) |
| | Bicral | BRD4-interacting chromatin-remodeling complex-associated protein-like; Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling subcomplex GBAF that carries out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP- dependent manner. (1074 aa) |
| | H1f2 | Histone H1.2; Histone H1 protein binds to linker DNA between nucleosomes forming the macromolecular structure known as the chromatin fiber. Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers. Acts also as a regulator of individual gene transcription through chromatin remodeling, nucleosome spacing and DNA methylation (By similarity). (212 aa) |
| | Ss18 | Protein SSXT; Appears to function synergistically with RBM14 as a transcriptional coactivator. Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling subcomplex GBAF that carries out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner; Belongs to the SS18 family. (418 aa) |
| | Smc4 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 4; Central component of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases (By similarity). (1286 aa) |
| | Acd | Adrenocortical dysplasia protein; Component of the shelterin complex (telosome) that is involved in the regulation of telomere length and protection. Shelterin associates with arrays of double-stranded TTAGGG repeats added by telomerase and protects chromosome ends. Without its protective activity, telomeres are no longer hidden from the DNA damage surveillance and chromosome ends are inappropriately processed by DNA repair pathways. Promotes binding of POT1 to single-stranded telomeric DNA. Modulates the inhibitory effects of POT1 on telomere elongation. The ACD-POT1 heterodimer enhan [...] (416 aa) |
| | Ep400 | E1A-binding protein p400; Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. This modification may both alter nucleosome - DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription. May be required for transcriptional activation of E2F1 and MYC target genes during cellular proliferation. The NuA4 complex ATPase and helicase activities seem to be, at least in part, contributed by the associ [...] (3035 aa) |
| | H2ax | Histone H2AX; Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post- translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low dos [...] (143 aa) |
| | H2al3 | H2A histone family member L3. (128 aa) |
| | H2al1e | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (105 aa) |
| | Hist1h2br | Histone cluster 1 H2br. (134 aa) |
| | H2al1h | H2A histone family member L1H. (105 aa) |
| | Rad21l | Double-strand-break repair protein rad21-like protein 1; Meiosis-specific component of some cohesin complex required during the initial steps of prophase I in male meiosis. Probably required during early meiosis in males for separation of sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes. Replaces RAD21 in premeiotic S phase (during early stages of prophase I), while RAD21 reappears in later stages of prophase I. Involved in synaptonemal complex assembly, synapsis initiation and crossover recombination between homologous chromosomes during prophase I. Not required for meiosis in females in [...] (552 aa) |
| | H2al1d | H2A histone family member L1D. (105 aa) |
| | H2al1k | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (105 aa) |
| | Noc2l | Nucleolar complex protein 2 homolog; Acts as an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase activity; prevents acetylation of all core histones by the EP300/p300 histone acetyltransferase at p53/TP53-regulated target promoters in a histone deacetylases (HDAC)-independent manner. Acts as a transcription corepressor of p53/TP53- and TP63-mediated transactivation of the p21/CDKN1A promoter. Involved in the regulation of p53/TP53-dependent apoptosis (By similarity). (750 aa) |
| | H1f0 | Histone H1.0, N-terminally processed; Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structures. The histones H1.0 are found in cells that are in terminal stages of differentiation or that have low rates of cell division. (194 aa) |
| | H2al1g | H2A histone family member L1G. (105 aa) |
| | Spc25 | Kinetochore protein Spc25; Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity. Required for kinetochore integrity and the organization of stable microtubule binding sites in the outer plate of the kinetochore. The NDC80 complex synergistically enhances the affinity of the SKA1 complex for microtubules and may allow the NDC80 complex to track depolymerizing microtubules. Belongs to the SPC25 family. (226 aa) |
| | Pbrm1 | Protein polybromo-1; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Required for the stability of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF-B (PBAF). Acts as a negative regulator of cell proliferation. (1704 aa) |
| | Nuf2 | Kinetochore protein Nuf2; Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity. Required for kinetochore integrity and the organization of stable microtubule binding sites in the outer plate of the kinetochore. The NDC80 complex synergistically enhances the affinity of the SKA1 complex for microtubules and may allow the NDC80 complex to track depolymerizing microtubules. (463 aa) |
| | Znhit1 | Zinc finger HIT domain-containing protein 1; Seems to play a role in p53-mediated apoptosis induction (By similarity). Binds to NR1D2 and relieves it of its inhibitory effect on the transcription of APOC3 without affecting its DNA-binding activity (By similarity); Belongs to the ZNHIT1 family. (158 aa) |
| | Hist1h2bp | Histone H2B type 1-P; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (138 aa) |
| | H2bc12 | Histone H2B type 1-K; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | H2bc11 | H2B clustered histone 11. (126 aa) |
| | Ncaph | Condensin complex subunit 2; Regulatory subunit of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases. Early in neurogenesis, may play an essential role to ensure accurate mitotic chromosome condensation in neuron stem cells, ultimately affecting neuron pool and cortex size. Belongs to the CND2 (condensin s [...] (731 aa) |
| | H2az2 | Histone H2A.V; Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post- translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. May be involved in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin. May be required for c [...] (128 aa) |
| | Bcl11a | B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A; May play a role in hematopoiesis. Essential factor in lymphopoiesis, required for B-cell formation in fetal liver. May function as a modulator of the transcriptional repression activity of ARP1. (835 aa) |
| | H2aw | Histone H2A type 3; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (130 aa) |
| | Mbtd1 | MBT domain-containing protein 1; Putative Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of genes, probably via a modification of chromatin, rendering it heritably changed in its expressibility. Specifically binds to monomethylated and dimethylated 'Lys-20' on histone H4 (By similarity). (631 aa) |
| | Sphk2 | Sphingosine kinase 2; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on D-erythro-dihydrosphingosine, D- erythro-sphingosine and L-threo-dihydrosphingosine. Binds phosphoinositides. In contrast to prosurvival SPHK1, has a positive effect on intracellular ceramide levels, inhibits cells growth and enhances apoptosis. In mitochondria, is important for cytochrome-c oxidase assembly and mitochondrial respiration. The SPP produced in mitochondria binds PHB2 and modulates the regulat [...] (617 aa) |
| | H3f3b | Histone H3.3; Variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide range of nucleosomes in active genes. Constitutes the predominant form of histone H3 in non-dividing cells and is incorporated into chromatin independently of DNA synthesis. Deposited at sites of nucleosomal displacement throughout transcribed genes, suggesting that it represents an epigenetic imprint of transcriptionally active chromatin. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in [...] (136 aa) |
| | Arid1a | AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Binds DNA non-specifically. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex). During neural devel [...] (2283 aa) |
| | Zwint | ZW10 interactor; Part of the MIS12 complex, which is required for kinetochore formation and spindle checkpoint activity. Required to target ZW10 to the kinetochore at prometaphase (By similarity). (252 aa) |
| | Tcf3 | Transcription factor E2-alpha; Transcriptional regulator. Involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. Heterodimers between TCF3 and tissue-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins play major roles in determining tissue-specific cell fate during embryogenesis, like muscle or early B- cell differentiation. Dimers bind DNA on E-box motifs: 5'-CANNTG-3'. Binds to the kappa-E2 site in the kappa immunoglobulin gene enhancer. Binds to IEB1 and IEB2, which are short DNA sequences in the insulin gene transcription control region. (653 aa) |
| | Smarcc2 | SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC2; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Can stimulate the ATPase activity of the catalytic subunit of these complexes. May be required for CoREST dependent repression of neuronal specific gene promoters in non-neuronal cells. Belongs to the neural progenitors-s [...] (1213 aa) |
| | H2al1n | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (109 aa) |
| | H2ac12 | H2A clustered histone 12. (128 aa) |
| | Hist1h2ao | Histone cluster 1, H2ao. (130 aa) |
| | Hist1h2bq | Histone H2B; Belongs to the histone H2B family. (134 aa) |
| | Hist1h2an | Histone cluster 1, H2an. (130 aa) |
| | Hist1h2ap | Histone cluster 1, H2ap. (130 aa) |
| | Ncapg2 | Condensin-2 complex subunit G2; Regulatory subunit of the condensin-2 complex, a complex which establishes mitotic chromosome architecture and is involved in physical rigidity of the chromatid axis. Is required for early embryonic development and is essential for viability and expansion of the inner cell mass (ICM) of the implanting blastocyst. (1138 aa) |
| | Morf4l1 | Mortality factor 4-like protein 1; Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. This modification may both alter nucleosome - DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription. This complex may be required for the activation of transcriptional programs associated with oncogene and proto-oncogene mediated growth induction, tumor suppressor mediated growth arrest and replicativ [...] (362 aa) |
| | Pot1b | Protection of telomeres 1B. (640 aa) |
| | H4c11 | Histone H4; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (103 aa) |
| | H2ab1 | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (115 aa) |
| | Stag2 | Cohesin subunit SA-2; Component of cohesin complex, a complex required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. The cohesin complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis (By similarity); Belongs to the SCC3 family. (1268 aa) |
| | Pot1a | Protection of telomeres protein 1; Component of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex that is essential for the replication of chromosome termini. Is a component of the double-stranded telomeric DNA-binding TRF1 complex which is involved in the regulation of telomere length by cis- inhibition of telomerase. Also acts as a single-stranded telomeric DNA- binding protein and thus may act as a downstream effector of the TRF1 complex and may transduce information about telomere maintenance and/or length to the telomere terminus. Component of the shelterin complex (telosome) that is [...] (640 aa) |
| | Smarcc1 | SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC1; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. May stimulate the ATPase activity of the catalytic subunit of the complex. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF [...] (1104 aa) |
| | Ncaph2 | Condensin-2 complex subunit H2; Regulatory subunit of the condensin-2 complex, a complex that seems to provide chromosomes with an additional level of organization and rigidity and in establishing mitotic chromosome architecture (By similarity). May promote the resolution of double-strand DNA catenanes (intertwines) between sister chromatids. Condensin-mediated compaction likely increases tension in catenated sister chromatids, providing directionality for type II topoisomerase-mediated strand exchanges toward chromatid decatenation. Required for decatenation of chromatin bridges at an [...] (608 aa) |
| | H2ac7 | H2A clustered histone 7. (130 aa) |
| | H2ac13 | H2A clustered histone 13. (130 aa) |
| | H2bc21 | Histone H2B type 2-E; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | H3c3 | H3 clustered histone 3. (136 aa) |
| | Arid1b | AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex). During neural development a switch from a stem/ [...] (2244 aa) |
| | Glyr1 | Putative oxidoreductase GLYR1; Nucleosome-destabilizing factor that is recruited to genes during transcriptional activation. Facilitates Pol II transcription through nucleosomes (By similarity). Binds DNA (in vitro) (By similarity). Recognizes and binds trimethylated 'Lys-36' of histone H3 (H3K36me3). Promotes KDM1B demethylase activity (By similarity). Stimulates the acetylation of 'Lys-56' of nucleosomal histone H3 (H3K56ac) by EP300 (By similarity). Regulates p38 MAP kinase activity by mediating stress activation of p38alpha/MAPK14 and specifically regulating MAPK14 signaling (By si [...] (552 aa) |
| | Ctc1 | CST complex subunit CTC1; Component of the CST complex proposed to act as a specialized replication factor promoting DNA replication under conditions of replication stress or natural replication barriers such as the telomere duplex. The CST complex binds single-stranded DNA with high affinity in a sequence-independent manner, while isolated subunits bind DNA with low affinity by themselves. Initially the CST complex has been proposed to protect telomeres from DNA degradation. However, the CST complex has been shown to be involved in several aspects of telomere replication. The CST comp [...] (1212 aa) |
| | Mphosph8 | M-phase phosphoprotein 8; Heterochromatin component that specifically recognizes and binds methylated 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me) and promotes recruitment of proteins that mediate epigenetic repression. Mediates recruitment of the HUSH complex to H3K9me3 sites: the HUSH complex is recruited to genomic loci rich in H3K9me3 and is required to maintain transcriptional silencing by promoting recruitment of SETDB1, a histone methyltransferase that mediates further deposition of H3K9me3, as well as MORC2. Binds H3K9me and promotes DNA methylation by recruiting DNMT3A to target CpG sites; [...] (858 aa) |
| | Ncapg | Non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit G. (1004 aa) |
| | Dpf2 | Zinc finger protein ubi-d4; Plays an active role in transcriptional regulation by binding modified histones H3 and H4. Is a negative regulator of myeloid differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (By similarity). Might also have a role in the development and maturation of lymphoid cells. Involved in the regulation of non-canonical NF- kappa-B pathway (By similarity). (405 aa) |
| | Stag1 | Cohesin subunit SA-1; Component of cohesin complex, a complex required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. The cohesin complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis (By similarity); Belongs to the SCC3 family. (1258 aa) |
| | Slf1 | SMC5-SMC6 complex localization factor protein 1; Plays a role in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway by regulating postreplication repair of UV-damaged DNA and genomic stability maintenance. The SLF1-SLF2 complex acts to link RAD18 with the SMC5-SMC6 complex at replication-coupled interstrand cross-links (ICL) and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) sites on chromatin during DNA repair in response to stalled replication forks. Promotes the recruitment of SLF2 and the SMC5-SMC6 complex to DNA lesions. (1054 aa) |
| | Terf2 | Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2; Binds the telomeric double-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeat and plays a central role in telomere maintenance and protection against end-to-end fusion of chromosomes. In addition to its telomeric DNA- binding role, required to recruit a number of factors and enzymes required for telomere protection, including the shelterin complex, TERF2IP/RAP1 and DCLRE1B/Apollo. Component of the shelterin complex (telosome) that is involved in the regulation of telomere length and protection. Shelterin associates with arrays of double-stranded 5'- TTAGGG-3' repeats added [...] (540 aa) |
| | Actl6b | Actin-like protein 6B; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Belongs to the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex), as such plays a role in remodeling mononucleosomes in an ATP-dependent fashion, and is required for postmitotic neural development and dendritic outgrowth. [...] (426 aa) |
| | Cenpa | Histone H3-like centromeric protein A; Histone H3-like nucleosomal protein that is specifically found in centromeric nucleosomes. Replaces conventional H3 in the nucleosome core of centromeric chromatin at the inner plate of the kinetochore. The presence of CENPA subtly modifies the nucleosome structure and the way DNA is wrapped around the nucleosome and gives rise to protruding DNA ends that are less well-ordered and rigid compared to nucleosomes containing histone H3. May serve as an epigenetic mark that propagates centromere identity through replication and cell division (By simila [...] (134 aa) |
| | H3f3a | H3.3 histone A. (136 aa) |
| | H2al1i | Histone H2A-like 1; Atypical histone H2A which can replace conventional H2A in some nucleosomes and may play a role during spermatogenesis. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (105 aa) |
| | H2al2c | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (111 aa) |
| | H2ac6 | H2A clustered histone 6. (130 aa) |
| | Tdrd3 | Tudor domain-containing protein 3; Scaffolding protein that specifically recognizes and binds dimethylarginine-containing proteins. In nucleus, acts as a coactivator: recognizes and binds asymmetric dimethylation on the core histone tails associated with transcriptional activation (H3R17me2a and H4R3me2a) and recruits proteins at these arginine-methylated loci. In cytoplasm, may play a role in the assembly and/or disassembly of mRNA stress granules and in the regulation of translation of target mRNAs by binding Arg/Gly-rich motifs (GAR) in dimethylarginine-containing proteins (By simil [...] (743 aa) |
| | H4c14 | H4 clustered histone 14. (103 aa) |
| | Hp1bp3 | Heterochromatin protein 1-binding protein 3; Component of heterochromatin that maintains heterochromatin integrity during G1/S progression and regulates the duration of G1 phase to critically influence cell proliferative capacity. May play a role in hypoxia-induced oncogenesis. (554 aa) |
| | H2al2b | H2A histone family member L2B. (111 aa) |
| | H3c14 | H3 clustered histone 14. (136 aa) |
| | H2bc13 | H2B clustered histone 13. (126 aa) |
| | Epc2 | Enhancer of polycomb homolog 2; May play a role in transcription or DNA repair. Belongs to the enhancer of polycomb family. (808 aa) |
| | Arid2 | AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 2; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Required for the stability of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF-B (PBAF). May be involved in targeting the complex to different genes. May be involved in regulating transcriptional activation of cardiac genes. Belongs to the RFX family. (1828 aa) |
| | H3c13 | H3 clustered histone 13. (136 aa) |
| | Spc24 | Kinetochore protein Spc24; Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity. Required for kinetochore integrity and the organization of stable microtubule binding sites in the outer plate of the kinetochore. The NDC80 complex synergistically enhances the affinity of the SKA1 complex for microtubules and may allow the NDC80 complex to track depolymerizing microtubules. Belongs to the SPC24 family. (201 aa) |
| | Smarca4 | Transcription activator BRG1; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Component of the CREST-BRG1 complex, a multiprotein complex that regulates promoter activation by orchestrating the calcium- dependent release of a repressor complex and the recruitment of an activator complex. In resting ne [...] (1617 aa) |
| | Brd9 | Bromodomain-containing protein 9; Plays a role in chromatin remodeling and regulation of transcription. Acts as a chromatin reader that recognizes and binds acylated histones: binds histones that are acetylated and/or butyrylated. Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling subcomplex GBAF that carries out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP- dependent manner. (597 aa) |
| | H2bc3 | Histone H2B type 1-B; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | Trrap | Transformation/transcription domain-associated protein; Adapter protein, which is found in various multiprotein chromatin complexes with histone acetyltransferase activity (HAT), which gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcription activation. Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is responsible for acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. Plays a central role in MYC transcription activation, and also participates in cell transformation by MYC. Required for p53/TP53-, E2F1- and E2F4- mediated transcription activation. Probably acts by linking transcrip [...] (3847 aa) |
| | Actb | Actin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed; Actin is a highly conserved protein that polymerizes to produce filaments that form cross-linked networks in the cytoplasm of cells (By similarity). Actin exists in both monomeric (G-actin) and polymeric (F-actin) forms, both forms playing key functions, such as cell motility and contraction (By similarity). In addition to their role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, G- and F-actin also localize in the nucleus, and regulate gene transcription and motility and repair of damaged DNA. (375 aa) |
| | Dsn1 | Kinetochore-associated protein DSN1 homolog; Part of the MIS12 complex which is required for normal chromosome alignment and segregation and kinetochore formation during mitosis. (348 aa) |
| | Smarce1 | SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex). Du [...] (411 aa) |
| | H2ac20 | Histone H2A type 2-C; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (129 aa) |
| | H2al1j | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (109 aa) |
| | H3c1 | H3 clustered histone 1. (136 aa) |
| | H3c15 | H3 clustered histone 15. (136 aa) |
| | H3c2 | H3 clustered histone 2. (136 aa) |
| | H2bc15 | Histone H2B type 1-F/J/L; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | H2ac11 | H2A clustered histone 11. (130 aa) |
| | Kat5 | Histone acetyltransferase KAT5; Catalytic subunit of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A (By similarity). This modification may both alter nucleosome-DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription (By similarity). This complex may be required for the activation of transcriptional programs associated with oncogene and proto-oncogene mediated growth induction, tumor suppressor me [...] (513 aa) |
| | H2bc14 | Histone H2B type 1-M; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | H2bc9 | Histone H2B type 1-H; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | Bicra | BRD4-interacting chromatin-remodeling complex-associated protein; Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling subcomplex GBAF that carries out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP- dependent manner. May play a role in BRD4-mediated gene transcription (By similarity). (1578 aa) |
| | Ruvbl2 | RuvB-like 2; Possesses single-stranded DNA-stimulated ATPase and ATP- dependent DNA helicase (5' to 3') activity; hexamerization is thought to be critical for ATP hydrolysis and adjacent subunits in the ring- like structure contribute to the ATPase activity (By similarity). Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A (By similarity). This modification may both alter nucleosome-DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with oth [...] (463 aa) |
| | Bcl7c | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 7 protein family member C; May play an anti-apoptotic role. Belongs to the BCL7 family. (241 aa) |
| | H2al1a | H2A histone family member L1A. (105 aa) |
| | Terf1 | Telomeric repeat-binding factor 1; Binds the telomeric double-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeat and negatively regulates telomere length. Involved in the regulation of the mitotic spindle. Component of the shelterin complex (telosome) that is involved in the regulation of telomere length and protection. Shelterin associates with arrays of double-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats added by telomerase and protects chromosome ends; without its protective activity, telomeres are no longer hidden from the DNA damage surveillance and chromosome ends are inappropriately processed by DNA repair pathways. (421 aa) |
| | H3c10 | H3 clustered histone 10. (136 aa) |
| | Srcap | Snf2-related CREBBP activator protein. (3271 aa) |
| | Prm2 | Protamine-2; Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. They compact sperm DNA into a highly condensed, stable and inactive complex. (107 aa) |
| | H3c11 | H3 clustered histone 11. (136 aa) |
| | H2al1b | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (105 aa) |
| | Kat6b | Histone acetyltransferase KAT6B; Histone acetyltransferase which may be involved in both positive and negative regulation of transcription. Required for RUNX2- dependent transcriptional activation. Component of the MOZ/MORF complex which has a histone H3 acetyltransferase activity (By similarity). Involved in cerebral cortex development; Belongs to the MYST (SAS/MOZ) family. (1763 aa) |
| | H2ab2 | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (115 aa) |
| | H2ab3 | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (115 aa) |
| | H1f5 | Histone H1.5; Histone H1 protein binds to linker DNA between nucleosomes forming the macromolecular structure known as the chromatin fiber. Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers. Acts also as a regulator of individual gene transcription through chromatin remodeling, nucleosome spacing and DNA methylation (By similarity). (223 aa) |
| | H2al1o | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (110 aa) |
| | H2bc8 | H2B clustered histone 8. (126 aa) |
| | H2ac18 | Histone H2A type 2-A; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (130 aa) |
| | H2ac4 | Histone H2A type 1-B; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (130 aa) |
| | Nsl1 | Kinetochore-associated protein NSL1 homolog; Part of the MIS12 complex which is required for normal chromosome alignment and segregation and kinetochore formation during mitosis. (281 aa) |
| | H2bu2 | Histone H2B type 3-A; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | H3c7 | Histone H3.2; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (136 aa) |
| | H2ac15 | Histone H2A type 1-K; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (130 aa) |
| | H2aj | Histone H2A.J; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (129 aa) |
| | H2al1m | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (105 aa) |
| | H2ac10 | Histone H2A type 1-F; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (130 aa) |
| | H3c6 | H3 clustered histone 6. (136 aa) |
| | Ncapd3 | Condensin-2 complex subunit D3; Regulatory subunit of the condensin-2 complex, a complex which establishes mitotic chromosome architecture and is involved in physical rigidity of the chromatid axis. May promote the resolution of double-strand DNA catenanes (intertwines) between sister chromatids. Condensin-mediated compaction likely increases tension in catenated sister chromatids, providing directionality for type II topoisomerase- mediated strand exchanges toward chromatid decatenation. Specifically required for decatenation of centromeric ultrafine DNA bridges during anaphase. Early [...] (1506 aa) |
| | H2ac21 | Histone H2A type 2-B; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (130 aa) |
| | H2ac1 | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (129 aa) |
| | Bcl11b | B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B; Key regulator of both differentiation and survival of T- lymphocytes during thymocyte development in mammals. Essential in controlling the responsiveness of hematopoietic stem cells to chemotactic signals by modulating the expression of receptors CCR7 and CCR9, which direct the movement of progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the thymus (By similarity). Is a regulator of IL2 promoter and enhances IL2 expression in activated CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. Tumor-suppressor protein involved in T-cell lymphomas. May function on the P53-signaling pathway. Repress tr [...] (884 aa) |
| | Pmf1 | Polyamine-modulated factor 1; Part of the MIS12 complex which is required for normal chromosome alignment and segregation and for kinetochore formation during mitosis (By similarity). May act as a cotranscription partner of NFE2L2 involved in regulation of polyamine-induced transcription of SSAT. (202 aa) |
| | H2bc7 | H2B clustered histone 7. (126 aa) |
| | H3c4 | H3 clustered histone 4. (136 aa) |
| | H2al2a | Histone H2A-Bbd type 1; Atypical histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A during late spermatogenesis and is involved in the replacement of histones to protamine in male germ cells. Core component of nucleosome: nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Nucleosomes containing H2AB1 only wrap 130 bp of DNA, compared to 147 bp for classical nucleosomes. In condensing spermatids, the heterodimer between H2AB1 and H2BC1/TH2B is loaded onto the nucleosomes and promotes loading of transition pro [...] (111 aa) |
| | H2ac19 | H2A clustered histone 19. (130 aa) |
| | Hist1h4m | Histone cluster 1, H4m. (103 aa) |
| | H4c12 | H4 clustered histone 12. (103 aa) |
| | Hist1h4n | Histone cluster 1, H4n. (103 aa) |
| | H4c9 | H4 clustered histone 9. (103 aa) |
| | H4c8 | H4 clustered histone 8. (103 aa) |
| | H4c6 | H4 clustered histone 6. (103 aa) |
| | H2ac8 | H2A clustered histone 8. (130 aa) |
| | H4c4 | H4 clustered histone 4. (103 aa) |
| | H4c3 | H4 clustered histone 3. (103 aa) |
| | H4c2 | H4 clustered histone 2. (103 aa) |
| | H4c1 | H4 clustered histone 1. (103 aa) |
| | Smc2 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 2; Central component of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases (By similarity). (1191 aa) |
| | Dmap1 | DNA methyltransferase 1-associated protein 1; Involved in transcription repression and activation. Its interaction with HDAC2 may provide a mechanism for histone deacetylation in heterochromatin following replication of DNA at late firing origins. Can also repress transcription independently of histone deacetylase activity. May specifically potentiate DAXX-mediated repression of glucocorticoid receptor-dependent transcription. Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucle [...] (468 aa) |
| | H1f1 | Histone H1.1; Histone H1 protein binds to linker DNA between nucleosomes forming the macromolecular structure known as the chromatin fiber. Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers. Acts also as a regulator of individual gene transcription through chromatin remodeling, nucleosome spacing and DNA methylation (By similarity). (213 aa) |
| | H2bc6 | H2B clustered histone 6. (126 aa) |
| | H1f10 | H1 histone family, member X. (188 aa) |
| | Prm3 | Protamine-3; Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. They compact sperm DNA into a highly condensed, stable and inactive complex. (101 aa) |
| | H1f4 | Histone H1.4; Histone H1 protein binds to linker DNA between nucleosomes forming the macromolecular structure known as the chromatin fiber. Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers. Acts also as a regulator of individual gene transcription through chromatin remodeling, nucleosome spacing and DNA methylation. (219 aa) |
| | H2bc1 | Histone H2B type 1-A; Variant histone specifically required to direct the transformation of dissociating nucleosomes to protamine in male germ cells. Entirely replaces classical histone H2B prior nucleosome to protamine transition and probably acts as a nucleosome dissociating factor that creates a more dynamic chromatin, facilitating the large-scale exchange of histones. In condensing spermatids, the heterodimer between H2AB1 and H2BC1/TH2B is loaded onto the nucleosomes and promotes loading of transition proteins (TNP1 and TNP2) onto the nucleosomes. Inclusion of the H2AB1-H2BC1/TH2B [...] (127 aa) |
| | H2bfm | H2B histone family, member M; Belongs to the histone H2B family. (224 aa) |
| | Dpf1 | Zinc finger protein neuro-d4; May have an important role in developing neurons by participating in regulation of cell survival, possibly as a neurospecific transcription factor. Belongs to the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex). During neural development a switch from a stem/progenitor to a post-mitotic chromatin remodeling mechanism occurs as neurons exit the cell cycle and become committed to their adult state. The transition from proliferating neural stem/progenitor cells to post-mitotic neurons requires a switch in subunit composition of the npBAF and nBAF [...] (388 aa) |
| | Meaf6 | Chromatin modification-related protein MEAF6; Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. This modification may both alter nucleosome - DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription. Component of the HBO1 complex which has a histone H4- specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3 and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vi [...] (192 aa) |
| | Tnp2 | Nuclear transition protein 2; Plays a key role in the replacement of histones to protamine in the elongating spermatids of mammals. In condensing spermatids, loaded onto the nucleosomes, where it promotes the recruitment and processing of protamines, which are responsible for histone eviction. The histone H2AB1-H2BC1/TH2B dimer is required for loading of TNP2 onto chromatin. Belongs to the nuclear transition protein 2 family. (117 aa) |
| | 1700024P04Rik | Histone H2B subacrosomal variant; May act as an acrosome-nuclear docking protein in sperm. (123 aa) |
| | Terf2ip | Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2-interacting protein 1; Acts both as a regulator of telomere function and as a transcription regulator. Involved in the regulation of telomere length and protection as a component of the shelterin complex (telosome). In contrast to other components of the shelterin complex, it is dispensible for telomere capping and does not participate in the protection of telomeres against non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)- mediated repair. Instead, it is required to negatively regulate telomere recombination and is essential for repressing homology- directed repair ( [...] (393 aa) |
| | H2bc18 | Histone H2B type 2-B; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | H2al1c | H2A histone family member L1C. (105 aa) |
| | Dpf3 | Zinc finger protein DPF3; Muscle-specific component of the BAF complex, a multiprotein complex involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Specifically binds acetylated lysines on histone 3 and 4 (H3K14ac, H3K9ac, H4K5ac, H4K8ac, H4K12ac, H4K16ac). In the complex, it acts as a tissue-specific anchor between histone acetylations and methylations and chromatin remodeling. It thereby probably plays an essential role in heart and skeletal muscle development (By similarity). Belongs to the neuron-spec [...] (378 aa) |
| | H4f16 | H4 histone 16. (103 aa) |
| | H2al1f | H2A histone family member L1F. (105 aa) |
| | H3c8 | Histone H3.1; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (136 aa) |
| | Smarcb1 | SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1; Core component of the BAF (SWI/SNF) complex. This ATP- dependent chromatin-remodeling complex plays important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, in cellular antiviral activities and inhibition of tumor formation. The BAF complex is able to create a stable, altered form of chromatin that constrains fewer negative supercoils than normal. This change in supercoiling would be due to the conversion of up to one-half of the nucleosomes on polynucleosomal arrays into asymmetric structu [...] (385 aa) |
| | Rec8 | Meiotic recombination protein REC8 homolog; Required during meiosis for separation of sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes. Proteolytic cleavage of REC8 on chromosome arms by separin during anaphase I allows for homologous chromosome separation in meiosis I and cleavage of REC8 on centromeres during anaphase II allows for sister chromatid separation in meiosis II. (591 aa) |
| | Brd8 | Bromodomain-containing protein 8; May act as a coactivator during transcriptional activation by hormone-activated nuclear receptors (NR). Stimulates transcriptional activation by AR/DHTR, ESR1/NR3A1, RXRA/NR2B1 and THRB/ERBA2. Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. This modification may both alter nucleosome - DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription. Thi [...] (951 aa) |
| | Tinf2 | TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2; Component of the shelterin complex (telosome) that is involved in the regulation of telomere length and protection. Shelterin associates with arrays of double-stranded TTAGGG repeats added by telomerase and protects chromosome ends; without its protective activity, telomeres are no longer hidden from the DNA damage surveillance and chromosome ends are inappropriately processed by DNA repair pathways. Plays a role in shelterin complex assembly (By similarity). (414 aa) |
| | Vps72 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 72 homolog; Deposition-and-exchange histone chaperone specific for H2AZ1, specifically chaperones H2AZ1 and deposits it into nucleosomes. As component of the SRCAP complex, mediates the ATP-dependent exchange of histone H2AZ1/H2B dimers for nucleosomal H2A/H2B, leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. Belongs to the VPS72/YL1 family. (368 aa) |
| | Macroh2a1 | Core histone macro-H2A.1; Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes where it represses transcription. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Involved in stable X chromosome inactivation [...] (372 aa) |
| | H2bc4 | Histone H2B type 1-C/E/G; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | Actr6 | Actin-related protein 6; Belongs to the actin family. ARP6 subfamily. (396 aa) |
| | Macroh2a2 | Core histone macro-H2A.2; Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes where it represses transcription. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. May be involved in stable X chromosome inact [...] (372 aa) |
| | Yeats4 | YEATS domain-containing protein 4; Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. This modification may both alter nucleosome - DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription. This complex may be required for the activation of transcriptional programs associated with oncogene and proto-oncogene mediated growth induction, tumor suppressor mediated growth arrest and repl [...] (227 aa) |
| | Smarcd2 | SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 2; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Critical regulator of myeloid differentiation, controlling granulocytopoiesis and the expression of genes involved in neutrophil granule formation. (531 aa) |
| | Ten1 | CST complex subunit TEN1; Component of the CST complex proposed to act as a specialized replication factor promoting DNA replication under conditions of replication stress or natural replication barriers such as the telomere duplex. The CST complex binds single-stranded DNA with high affinity in a sequence-independent manner, while isolated subunits bind DNA with low affinity by themselves. Initially the CST complex has been proposed to protect telomeres from DNA degradation. However, the CST complex has been shown to be involved in several aspects of telomere replication. The CST comp [...] (161 aa) |
| | Irf4 | Interferon regulatory factor 4; Transcriptional activator. Binds to the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) of the MHC class I promoter. Binds the immunoglobulin lambda light chain enhancer, together with PU.1. Probably plays a role in ISRE-targeted signal transduction mechanisms specific to lymphoid cells. Involved in CD8(+) dendritic cell differentiation by forming a complex with the BATF-JUNB heterodimer in immune cells, leading to recognition of AICE sequence (5'-TGAnTCA/GAAA- 3'), an immune-specific regulatory element, followed by cooperative binding of BATF and IRF4 and [...] (450 aa) |
| | Rad21 | Double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog; [Double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog]: As a member of the cohesin complex, involved in sister chromatid cohesion from the time of DNA replication in S phase to their segregation in mitosis, a function that is essential for proper chromosome segregation, post-replicative DNA repair, and the prevention of inappropriate recombination between repetitive regions. The cohesin complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis (By similarity). In interphase, cohesins may function in the control of gene expression [...] (635 aa) |
| | Smc1b | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B; Meiosis-specific component of cohesin complex. Required for the maintenance of meiotic cohesion, but not, or only to a minor extent, for its establishment. Contributes to axial element (AE) formation and the organization of chromatin loops along the AE. Plays a key role in synapsis, recombination and chromosome movements. The cohesin complex is required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, t [...] (1248 aa) |
| | Prm1 | Sperm protamine P1; Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. They compact sperm DNA into a highly condensed, stable and inactive complex. (51 aa) |
| | Top3b | DNA topoisomerase 3-beta-1; Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(5'-phosphotyrosyl)- enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand than undergoes passage around the unbroken strand thus removing DNA supercoil [...] (862 aa) |
| | Smarcd1 | SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 1; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner (By similarity). Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (n [...] (515 aa) |
| | Phf10 | PHD finger protein 10; Involved in transcription activity regulation by chromatin remodeling. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and is required for the proliferation of neural progenitors. During neural development a switch from a stem/progenitor to a post-mitotic chromatin remodeling mechanism occurs as neurons exit the cell cycle and become committed to their adult state. The transition from proliferating neural stem/progenitor cells to post-mitotic neurons requires a switch in subunit composition of the npBAF and nBAF complexes. [...] (497 aa) |
| | Ndc80 | Kinetochore protein NDC80 homolog; Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity. Required for kinetochore integrity and the organization of stable microtubule binding sites in the outer plate of the kinetochore. The NDC80 complex synergistically enhances the affinity of the SKA1 complex for microtubules and may allow the NDC80 complex to track depolymerizing microtubules. Plays a role in chromosome congression and is essential for the end-on attachment of the kinetochores to spind [...] (642 aa) |
| | Smarca2 | Probable global transcription activator SNF2L2; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Binds DNA non-specifically. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex). During neural develop [...] (1583 aa) |
| | Smc3 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3; Central component of cohesin, a complex required for chromosome cohesion during the cell cycle. The cohesin complex may form a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. Cohesion is coupled to DNA replication and is involved in DNA repair. The cohesin complex plays also an important role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis and in chromosomes movement; Belongs to the SMC family. SMC3 subfamily. (1217 aa) |
| | Sgo2a | Shugoshin 2; Cooperates with PPP2CA to protect centromeric cohesin from separase-mediated cleavage in oocytes specifically during meiosis I. Has a crucial role in protecting REC8 at centromeres from cleavage by separase. During meiosis, protects centromeric cohesion complexes until metaphase II/anaphase II transition, preventing premature release of meiosis-specific REC8 cohesin complexes from anaphase I centromeres. Is thus essential for an accurate gametogenesis. May act by targeting PPP2CA to centromeres, thus leading to cohesin dephosphorylation. Essential for recruiting KIF2C to t [...] (1164 aa) |
| | Tnp1 | Spermatid nuclear transition protein 1; Plays a key role in the replacement of histones to protamine in the elongating spermatids of mammals. In condensing spermatids, loaded onto the nucleosomes, where it promotes the recruitment and processing of protamines, which are responsible for histone eviction. The histone H2AB1-H2BC1/TH2B dimer is required for loading of TNP1 onto chromatin. (55 aa) |
| | Epc1 | Enhancer of polycomb homolog 1; Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. This modification may both alter nucleosome - DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription. This complex may be required for the activation of transcriptional programs associated with oncogene and proto-oncogene mediated growth induction, tumor suppressor mediated growth arrest and replica [...] (813 aa) |
| | Knl1 | Kinetochore scaffold 1; Performs two crucial functions during mitosis: it is essential for spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and for correct chromosome alignment. Directly links spindle checkpoint proteins BUB1 and BUB1B to kinetochores. Part of the MIS12 complex, which may be fundamental for kinetochore formation and proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. Acts in coordination with CENPK to recruit the NDC80 complex to the outer kinetochore (By similarity). (2119 aa) |
| | Mrgbp | MRG/MORF4L-binding protein; Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. This modification may both alter nucleosome - DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription. This complex may be required for the activation of transcriptional programs associated with oncogene and proto-oncogene mediated growth induction, tumor suppressor mediated growth arrest and replicative [...] (204 aa) |
| | Actl6a | Actin-like protein 6A; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Required for maximal ATPase activity of SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A and for association of the SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A containing remodeling complex BAF with chromatin/nuclear matrix. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remo [...] (429 aa) |
| | Smarcd3 | SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Stimulates nuclear receptor mediated transcription. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and the neuron-spec [...] (483 aa) |
| | Bcl7a | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 7 protein family member A; Belongs to the BCL7 family. (210 aa) |
