STRINGSTRING
Kras Kras Edn2 Edn2 Nfkb1 Nfkb1 Edn3 Edn3 Il1a Il1a Il1b Il1b Abl2 Abl2 Htr2b Htr2b Sdhaf4 Sdhaf4 Alox5 Alox5 Sirt3 Sirt3 Prdx5 Prdx5 Rfk Rfk Ftmt Ftmt Tnf Tnf Gzma Gzma Rgn Rgn Nus1 Nus1 Vdr Vdr Ripk3 Ripk3 Gdnf Gdnf Ptk2b Ptk2b Dhfr Dhfr Tert Tert Edn1 Edn1 Arg2 Arg2 Il13 Il13 Egfr Egfr Calm3 Calm3 Cyba Cyba Fdx2 Fdx2 Eng Eng Cav1 Cav1 Slc4a1 Slc4a1 Fcer2a Fcer2a Por Por Phb2 Phb2 Nosip Nosip Taco1 Taco1 Gla Gla Calm1 Calm1 Sirt5 Sirt5 Ndufa4 Ndufa4 Prkn Prkn Ecsit Ecsit Etfbkmt Etfbkmt Gfi1 Gfi1 Apoe Apoe Apopt1 Apopt1 Cyp27b1 Cyp27b1 Gstp1 Gstp1 Atp2b4 Atp2b4 Terf2 Terf2 Myo5a Myo5a Nod2 Nod2 Cox17 Cox17 Gm21987 Gm21987 Tmlhe Tmlhe Gsk3b Gsk3b Snca Snca Sirt4 Sirt4 Pdp1 Pdp1 Lgals9 Lgals9 Sphk2 Sphk2 Park7 Park7 Esr1 Esr1 Aoc3 Aoc3 Cnr2 Cnr2 Pdp2 Pdp2 Sco1 Sco1 Gch1 Gch1 Agtr2 Agtr2 Scarb1 Scarb1 Fxn Fxn Cdh3 Cdh3 Abl1 Abl1 Cav3 Cav3 Gnai3 Gnai3 Fgf23 Fgf23 Oxa1l Oxa1l Akt1 Akt1 Szt2 Szt2 Slamf8 Slamf8 Acvr2a Acvr2a Lep Lep Npr3 Npr3 Ifng Ifng Atp7a Atp7a S100a1 S100a1 Gnai2 Gnai2 Cnr1 Cnr1 Nod1 Nod1 Lrrk2 Lrrk2 Gja8 Gja8 Calm2 Calm2 Drd5 Drd5 Ccs Ccs Pik3cb Pik3cb Fdx1 Fdx1 Mt3 Mt3
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KrasGTPase KRas, N-terminally processed; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304-dependent manner (By similarity). (188 aa)
Edn2Endothelin-2; Vasoconstrictor; Belongs to the endothelin/sarafotoxin family. (175 aa)
Nfkb1Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dime [...] (971 aa)
Edn3Endothelin-3; Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides; Belongs to the endothelin/sarafotoxin family. (214 aa)
Il1aInterleukin-1 alpha; Produced by activated macrophages, IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells. (270 aa)
Il1bInterleukin-1 beta; Potent proinflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B- cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells; Belongs to the IL-1 family. (269 aa)
Abl2Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an ABL1- overlapping role in key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion, receptor endocytosis, autophagy, DNA damage response and apoptosis. Coordinates actin remodeling through tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins controlling cytoskeleton dynamics like MYH10 (involved in movement); CTTN (involved in signaling); or TUBA1 and TUBB (microtubule subunits). Binds directly F-actin and regulates actin cytoskeletal [...] (1182 aa)
Htr2b5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B; G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various ergot alkaloid derivatives and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of [...] (479 aa)
Sdhaf4Succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 4, mitochondrial; Plays an essential role in the assembly of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme complex (also referred to as respiratory complex II) that is a component of both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and which couples the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) to ubiquinol. Binds to the flavoprotein subunit Sdha in its FAD-bound form, blocking the generation of excess reactive oxigen species (ROS) and facilitating its assembly with the iron [...] (104 aa)
Alox5Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase; Catalyzes the first step in leukotriene biosynthesis, and thereby plays a role in inflammatory processes. Belongs to the lipoxygenase family. (674 aa)
Sirt3NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase. Activates or deactivates mitochondrial target proteins by deacetylating key lysine residues. Known targets include ACSS1, IDH, GDH, PDHA1, SOD2, LCAD, SDHA and the ATP synthase subunit ATP5PO. Contributes to the regulation of the cellular energy metabolism. Important for regulating tissue-specific ATP levels. In response to metabolic stress, deacetylates transcription factor FOXO3 and recruits FOXO3 and mitochondrial RNA polymerase POLRMT to mtDNA to promote mtDNA transcription. Acts as a regulator of ceram [...] (257 aa)
Prdx5Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and as sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events. (210 aa)
RfkRiboflavin kinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) to form flavin-mononucleotide (FMN), hence rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of FAD. Essential for TNF-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Through its interaction with both TNFRSF1A and CYBA, physically and functionally couples TNFRSF1A to NADPH oxidase. TNF- activation of RFK may enhance the incorporation of FAD in NADPH oxidase, a critical step for the assembly and activation of NADPH oxidase (By similarity). (155 aa)
FtmtFerritin, mitochondrial; Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Has ferroxidase activity. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation (By similarity); Belongs to the ferritin family. (237 aa)
TnfTumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...] (235 aa)
GzmaGranzyme A; Abundant protease in the cytosolic granules of cytotoxic T- cells and NK-cells which activates caspase-independent cell death with morphological features of apoptosis when delivered into the target cell through the immunological synapse. It cleaves after Lys or Arg. Cleaves APEX1 after 'Lys-31' and destroys its oxidative repair activity. Cleaves the nucleosome assembly protein SET after 'Lys-189', which disrupts its nucleosome assembly activity and allows the SET complex to translocate into the nucleus to nick and degrade the DNA (By similarity). (260 aa)
RgnRegucalcin; Gluconolactonase with low activity towards other sugar lactones, including gulonolactone and galactonolactone. Catalyzes a key step in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) biosynthesis. Can also hydrolyze diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate and phenylacetate (in vitro). Calcium- binding protein. Modulates Ca(2+) signaling, and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes and enzyme activities (By similarity); Belongs to the SMP-30/CGR1 family. (299 aa)
Nus1Dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase complex subunit Nus1; With DHDDS, forms the dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase (DDS) complex, an essential component of the dolichol monophosphate (Dol-P) biosynthetic machinery. Both subunits contribute to enzymatic activity, i.e. condensation of multiple copies of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) to farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to produce dehydrodolichyl diphosphate (Dedol-PP), a precursor of dolichol phosphate which is utilized as a sugar carrier in protein glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Regulates the glycosylation and stabilit [...] (297 aa)
VdrVitamin D3 receptor; Nuclear receptor for calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D3 which mediates the action of this vitamin on cells (By similarity). Enters the nucleus upon vitamin D3 binding where it forms heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor/RXR (By similarity). The VDR-RXR heterodimers bind to specific response elements on DNA and activate the transcription of vitamin D3-responsive target genes (By similarity). Plays a central role in calcium homeostasis (By similarity). (422 aa)
Ripk3Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3; Essential for necroptosis, a programmed cell death process in response to death-inducing TNF-alpha family members. Upon induction of necrosis, RIPK3 interacts with, and phosphorylates RIPK1 and MLKL to form a necrosis-inducing complex. RIPK3 binds to and enhances the activity of three metabolic enzymes: GLUL, GLUD1, and PYGL. These metabolic enzymes may eventually stimulate the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which could result in enhanced ROS production. (486 aa)
GdnfGlial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; Neurotrophic factor that enhances survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high- affinity dopamine uptake. (240 aa)
Ptk2bProtein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta; Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarization, cell migration, adhesion, spreading and bone remodeling. Plays a role in the regulation of the humoral immune response, and is required for normal levels of marginal B-cells in the spleen and normal migration of splenic B-cells. Required for normal macrophage polarization and migration towards sites of inflammation. Regulates cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell spreading in T-cells, and contributes to the regulation of T-cell responses. Promot [...] (1009 aa)
DhfrDihydrofolate reductase; Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. Binds its own mRNA. (187 aa)
TertTelomerase reverse transcriptase; Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. Active in progenitor and cancer cells. Inactive, or very low activity, in normal somatic cells. Catalytic component of the teleromerase holoenzyme complex whose main activity is the elongation of telomeres by acting as a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme. Catalyzes the RNA-dependent extension of 3'-chromosomal termini with the 6-nuc [...] (1122 aa)
Edn1Big endothelin-1; Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides (By similarity). Probable ligand for G-protein coupled receptors EDNRA and EDNRB which activates PTK2B, BCAR1, BCAR3 and, GTPases RAP1 and RHOA cascade in glomerular mesangial cells (By similarity). Belongs to the endothelin/sarafotoxin family. (202 aa)
Arg2Arginase-2, mitochondrial; May play a role in the regulation of extra-urea cycle arginine metabolism and also in down-regulation of nitric oxide synthesis. Extrahepatic arginase functions to regulate L-arginine bioavailability to nitric oxid synthase (NOS). Arginine metabolism is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Seems to be involved in negative regulation of the survival capacity of activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. May suppress inflammation-related signaling in asthmatic airway epithelium. May contribute to the immune evasion of H.pylori by restricting [...] (354 aa)
Il13Interleukin-13; Cytokine. Inhibits inflammatory cytokine production. Synergizes with IL2 in regulating interferon-gamma synthesis. May be critical in regulating inflammatory and immune responses (By similarity). Positively regulates IL31RA expression in macrophages ; Belongs to the IL-4/IL-13 family. (131 aa)
EgfrEpidermal growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, AREG, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least [...] (1210 aa)
Calm3Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Mediates calcium- dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium- activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. (149 aa)
CybaCytochrome b-245 light chain; Critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. Associates with NOX3 to form a functional NADPH oxidase constitutively generating superoxide. Belongs to the p22phox family. (192 aa)
Fdx2Ferredoxin-2, mitochondrial; Essential for heme A and Fe/S protein biosynthesis. Belongs to the adrenodoxin/putidaredoxin family. (174 aa)
EngEndoglin; Vascular endothelium glycoprotein that plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis. Required for normal structure and integrity of adult vasculature (By similarity). Regulates the migration of vascular endothelial cells. Required for normal extraembryonic angiogenesis and for embryonic heart development. May regulate endothelial cell shape changes in response to blood flow, which drive vascular remodeling and establishment of normal vascular morphology during angiogenesis. May play a role in the binding of endothelial cells to integrins. Acts as TGF-beta corecep [...] (653 aa)
Cav1Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes (By similarity). Forms a stable heterooligomeric complex with CAV2 that targets to lipid rafts and drives caveolae formation. Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN proteins (CAVIN1/2/3/4) to the caveolae. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependen [...] (178 aa)
Slc4a1Band 3 anion transport protein; Functions both as a transporter that mediates electroneutral anion exchange across the cell membrane and as a structural protein. Major integral membrane glycoprotein of the erythrocyte membrane; required for normal flexibility and stability of the erythrocyte membrane and for normal erythrocyte shape via the interactions of its cytoplasmic domain with cytoskeletal proteins, glycolytic enzymes, and hemoglobin. Functions as a transporter that mediates the 1:1 exchange of inorganic anions across the erythrocyte membrane. Mediates chloride- bicarbonate exch [...] (929 aa)
Fcer2aLow affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor; Low-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE) and CR2/CD21. Has essential roles in the regulation of IgE production and in the differentiation of B-cells (it is a B-cell-specific antigen). (331 aa)
PorNADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase; This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the flavodoxin family. (678 aa)
Phb2Prohibitin-2; Acts as a mediator of transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors via recruitment of histone deacetylases. Functions as an estrogen receptor (ER)-selective coregulator that potentiates the inhibitory activities of antiestrogens and represses the activity of estrogens. Competes with NCOA1 for modulation of ER transcriptional activity. In mitochondria, regulates cytochrome-c oxidase assembly (COX) and mitochondrial respiration. Binding to sphingoid 1-phosphate (SPP) modulates its regulator activity. Belongs to the prohibitin family. (299 aa)
NosipNitric oxide synthase-interacting protein; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is essential for proper development of the forebrain, the eye and the face. Catalyzes monoubiquitination of serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit PPP2CA/PPP2CB. Negatively regulates nitric oxide production by inducing NOS1 and NOS3 translocation to actin cytoskeleton and inhibiting their enzymatic activity (By similarity); Belongs to the NOSIP family. (301 aa)
Taco1Translational activator of cytochrome c oxidase 1; Acts as a translational activator of mitochondrially-encoded cytochrome c oxidase 1; Belongs to the TACO1 family. (294 aa)
GlaAlpha-galactosidase A. (421 aa)
Calm1Calmodulin-1; Belongs to the calmodulin family. (197 aa)
Sirt5NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial; NAD-dependent lysine demalonylase, desuccinylase and deglutarylase that specifically removes malonyl, succinyl and glutaryl groups on target proteins. Activates CPS1 and contributes to the regulation of blood ammonia levels during prolonged fasting: acts by mediating desuccinylation and deglutarylation of CPS1, thereby increasing CPS1 activity in response to elevated NAD levels during fasting. Activates SOD1 by mediating its desuccinylation, leading to reduced reactive oxygen species (By similarity). Activates SHMT2 by mediating [...] (310 aa)
Ndufa4Cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4; Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol- cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport [...] (82 aa)
PrknE3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin; Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins, such as BCL2, SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPTIN5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746 and AIMP2. Mediates monoubiquitination as well as 'Lys-6', 'Lys-11', 'Lys-48'-linked and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context. Participates in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of mi [...] (464 aa)
EcsitEvolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathway, mitochondrial; Adapter protein of the Toll-like and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway that is involved in the activation of NF-kappa-B via MAP3K1. Promotes proteolytic activation of MAP3K1. Involved in the BMP signaling pathway. Required for normal embryonic development. Belongs to the ECSIT family. (435 aa)
EtfbkmtElectron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit lysine methyltransferase; Protein-lysine methyltransferase that selectively trimethylates the flavoprotein ETFB in mitochondria. Thereby, may negatively regulate the function of ETFB in electron transfer from Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. (255 aa)
Gfi1Zinc finger protein Gfi-1; Transcription repressor essential for hematopoiesis. Functions in a cell-context and development-specific manner. Binds to 5'-TAAATCAC[AT]GCA-3' in the promoter region of a large number of genes. Component of several complexes, including the EHMT2-GFI1-HDAC1, AJUBA-GFI1-HDAC1 and RCOR-GFI-KDM1A-HDAC complexes, that suppress, via histone deacetylase (HDAC) recruitment, a number of genes implicated in multilineage blood cell development. Regulates neutrophil differentiation, promotes proliferation of lymphoid cells, and is required for granulocyte development. [...] (489 aa)
ApoeApolipoprotein E; APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their production, conversion and clearance. Apoliproteins are amphipathic molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density [...] (311 aa)
Apopt1Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 8; Required for cytochrome c complex (COX) IV assembly and function Protects COX assembly from oxidation-induced degradation, COX being the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Belongs to the COA8 family. (194 aa)
Cyp27b125-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in vitamin D metabolism and in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the activation of vitamin D in the kidney, namely the hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3/calcidiol at the C1-alpha position to form the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, 1alpha,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3/calcitriol that acts via the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Has 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity on vitamin D intermediates of the CYP24A1-mediated inactivation pathway. Converts 24R,25-dihydro [...] (507 aa)
Gstp1Glutathione S-transferase P 1; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Can metabolize 1- chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration (By similarity). (210 aa)
Atp2b4Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4; Calcium/calmodulin-regulated and magnesium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium out of the cell (By similarity). By regulating sperm cell calcium homeostasis, may play a role in sperm motility ; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIB subfamily. (1205 aa)
Terf2Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2; Binds the telomeric double-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeat and plays a central role in telomere maintenance and protection against end-to-end fusion of chromosomes. In addition to its telomeric DNA- binding role, required to recruit a number of factors and enzymes required for telomere protection, including the shelterin complex, TERF2IP/RAP1 and DCLRE1B/Apollo. Component of the shelterin complex (telosome) that is involved in the regulation of telomere length and protection. Shelterin associates with arrays of double-stranded 5'- TTAGGG-3' repeats added [...] (540 aa)
Myo5aUnconventional myosin-Va; Processive actin-based motor that can move in large steps approximating the 36-nm pseudo-repeat of the actin filament. Involved in melanosome transport. Also mediates the transport of vesicles to the plasma membrane. May also be required for some polarization process involved in dendrite formation; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1853 aa)
Nod2Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; Involved in gastrointestinal immunity. Upon stimulation by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan, binds the proximal adapter receptor-interacting RIPK2, which recruits ubiquitin ligases as XIAP, BIRC2, BIRC3, INAVA and the LUBAC complex, triggering activation of MAP kinases and activation of NF-kappa-B signaling. This in turn leads to the transcriptional activation of hundreds of genes involved in immune response. Required for MDP-induced NLRP1-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B release in macroph [...] (1013 aa)
Cox17Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein 17, copper chaperone. (63 aa)
Gm21987Cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone; Copper metallochaperone essential for the assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (CIV), also known as cytochrome c oxidase. Binds two copper ions and delivers them to the metallochaperone SCO1 which transports the copper ions to the Cu(A) site on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MT-CO2/COX2). (63 aa)
TmlheTrimethyllysine dioxygenase, mitochondrial; Converts trimethyllysine (TML) into hydroxytrimethyllysine (HTML); Belongs to the gamma-BBH/TMLD family. (421 aa)
Gsk3bGlycogen synthase kinase-3 beta; Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glyc [...] (433 aa)
SncaAlpha-synuclein; Neuronal protein that plays several roles in synaptic activity such as regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release. Participates as a monomer in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by enhancing vesicle priming, fusion and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, acts by increasing local Ca(2+) release from microdomains which is essential for the enhancement of ATP-induced exocytosis. Acts also as a molecular chaperone in its multimeric membrane-bound state, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components called SNAREs [...] (140 aa)
Sirt4NAD-dependent protein lipoamidase sirtuin-4, mitochondrial; Acts as NAD-dependent protein lipoamidase, ADP-ribosyl transferase and deacetylase. Catalyzes more efficiently removal of lipoyl- and biotinyl- than acetyl-lysine modifications. Inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) activity via the enzymatic hydrolysis of the lipoamide cofactor from the E2 component, DLAT, in a phosphorylation-independent manner. Catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribosyl groups onto target proteins, including mitochondrial GLUD1, inhibiting GLUD1 enzyme activity. Acts as a negative regulator of mitoch [...] (333 aa)
Pdp1[Pyruvate dehydrogenase [acetyl-transferring]]-phosphatase 1, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. (578 aa)
Lgals9Galectin-9; Binds galactosides (By similarity). Has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide (By similarity). Ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3 (By similarity). Binding to HAVCR2 induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death (By similarity). Also stimulates bactericidal activity in infected macrophages by causing macrophage activation and IL1B secretion which restricts intracellular bacterial growth. Ligand for P4HB; the interaction retains P4HB at the cell surface of Th2 T-helper cells, increasing disulfide reductase activity at the plasma membrane, altering the plasma membrane redox stat [...] (353 aa)
Sphk2Sphingosine kinase 2; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on D-erythro-dihydrosphingosine, D- erythro-sphingosine and L-threo-dihydrosphingosine. Binds phosphoinositides. In contrast to prosurvival SPHK1, has a positive effect on intracellular ceramide levels, inhibits cells growth and enhances apoptosis. In mitochondria, is important for cytochrome-c oxidase assembly and mitochondrial respiration. The SPP produced in mitochondria binds PHB2 and modulates the regulat [...] (617 aa)
Park7Protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Acts on early glycation intermediates (hemithioacetals and aminoca [...] (189 aa)
Esr1Estrogen receptor; Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE- independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial a [...] (599 aa)
Aoc3Membrane primary amine oxidase; Cell adhesion protein that participates in lymphocyte recirculation by mediating the binding of lymphocytes to peripheral lymph node vascular endothelial cells in an L-selectin-independent fashion. Has a monoamine oxidase activity. May play a role in adipogenesis (By similarity). (765 aa)
Cnr2Cannabinoid receptor 2; Heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptor for endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol mediating inhibition of adenylate cyclase. May function in inflammatory response, nociceptive transmission and bone homeostasis. (347 aa)
Pdp2Pyruvate dehyrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 2. (532 aa)
Sco1Protein SCO1 homolog, mitochondrial; Copper metallochaperone essential for the maturation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MT-CO2/COX2). Not required for the synthesis of MT-CO2/COX2 but plays a crucial role in stabilizing MT- CO2/COX2 during its subsequent maturation. Involved in transporting copper to the Cu(A) site on MT-CO2/COX2 (By similarity). Plays an important role in the regulation of copper homeostasis by controlling the abundance and cell membrane localization of copper transporter CTR1 ; Belongs to the SCO1/2 family. (284 aa)
Gch1GTP cyclohydrolase 1; May positively regulate nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial cells. May be involved in dopamine synthesis. May modify pain sensitivity and persistence. (241 aa)
Agtr2Type-2 angiotensin II receptor; Receptor for angiotensin II. Cooperates with MTUS1 to inhibit ERK2 activation and cell proliferation. (363 aa)
Scarb1Scavenger receptor class B member 1; Receptor for different ligands such as phospholipids, cholesterol ester, lipoproteins, phosphatidylserine and apoptotic cells (By similarity). Both isoform 1 and isoform 2 act as receptors for HDL, mediating selective uptake of cholesteryl ether and HDL-dependent cholesterol efflux. Also facilitates the flux of free and esterified cholesterol between the cell surface and apoB-containing lipoproteins and modified lipoproteins, although less efficiently than HDL. May be involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, via its phosphatidylserine bindin [...] (509 aa)
FxnFrataxin intermediate form; Promotes the biosynthesis of heme and assembly and repair of iron-sulfur clusters by delivering Fe(2+) to proteins involved in these pathways. May play a role in the protection against iron-catalyzed oxidative stress through its ability to catalyze the oxidation of Fe(2+) to Fe(3+); the oligomeric form but not the monomeric form has in vitro ferroxidase activity. May be able to store large amounts of iron in the form of a ferrihydrite mineral by oligomerization. Modulates the RNA-binding activity of ACO1 (By similarity); Belongs to the frataxin family. (207 aa)
Cdh3Cadherin-3; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (822 aa)
Abl1Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion, receptor endocytosis, autophagy, DNA damage response and apoptosis. Coordinates actin remodeling through tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins controlling cytoskeleton dynamics like WASF3 (involved in branch formation); ANXA1 (involved in membrane anchoring); DBN1, DBNL, CTTN, RAPH1 and ENAH (involved in signaling); or MAPT and PXN (microtubule-bindin [...] (1142 aa)
Cav3Caveolin-3; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity. May also regulate voltage-gated potassium channels. Plays a role in the sarcolemma repair mechanism of both skeletal muscle and cardiomyocytes that permits rapid resealing of membranes disrupted by mechanical stress. Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN2 and CAVIN3 proteins to the caveolae (By similarity); Belongs to the caveolin family. (151 aa)
Gnai3Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha; Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signaling cascades. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Signaling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding. The alpha subunit has a low GTPase activity that converts bound GTP to GDP, thereby terminating the signal. Both GDP release and GTP hydrolysis are modul [...] (354 aa)
Fgf23Fibroblast growth factor 23; Regulator of phosphate homeostasis (By similarity). Inhibits renal tubular phosphate transport by reducing SLC34A1 levels (By similarity). Acts directly on the parathyroid to decrease PTH secretion (By similarity). Regulator of vitamin-D metabolism (By similarity). Negatively regulates osteoblasts differentiation and matrix mineralization (By similarity). Upregulates EGR1 expression in the presence of KL; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (251 aa)
Oxa1lMitochondrial inner membrane protein OXA1L; Required for the insertion of integral membrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Essential for the activity and assembly of cytochrome oxidase. Required for the correct biogenesis of ATP synthase and complex I in mitochondria (By similarity). (433 aa)
Akt1RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the [...] (480 aa)
Szt2KICSTOR complex protein SZT2; As part of the KICSTOR complex functions in the amino acid- sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway. Recruits, in an amino acid-independent manner, the GATOR1 complex to the lysosomal membranes and allows its interaction with GATOR2 and the RAG GTPases. Functions upstream of the RAG GTPases and is required to negatively regulate mTORC1 signaling in absence of amino acids (By similarity). In absence of the KICSTOR complex mTORC1 is constitutively localized to the lysosome and activated. The KICSTOR complex is also probably involved in the regulation o [...] (3431 aa)
Slamf8SLAM family member 8; May play a role in B-lineage commitment and/or modulation of signaling through the B-cell receptor. (278 aa)
Acvr2aActivin receptor type-2A; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for activin A, activin B and inhibin A. Mediates induction of adipogenesis by GDF6. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (513 aa)
LepLeptin; Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways. In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal met [...] (167 aa)
Npr3Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 3; Receptor for the natriuretic peptide hormones, binding with similar affinities atrial natriuretic peptide NPPA/ANP, brain natriuretic peptide NPPB/BNP, and C-type natriuretic peptide NPPC/CNP. May function as a clearance receptor for NPPA, NPPB and NPPC, regulating their local concentrations and effects. May regulate diuresis, blood pressure and skeletal development. Does not have guanylate cyclase activity. (536 aa)
IfngInterferon gamma; Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. (155 aa)
Atp7aCopper-transporting ATPase 1; May supply copper to copper-requiring proteins within the secretory pathway, when localized in the trans-Golgi network. Under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, it relocalized to the plasma membrane where it functions in the efflux of copper from cells (By similarity); Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IB subfamily. (1492 aa)
S100a1Protein S100-A1; Probably acts as a Ca(2+) signal transducer. In response to an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels, binds calcium which triggers a conformational change. This conformational change allows interaction of S1001A with specific target proteins, such as TPR- containing proteins, and the modulation of their activity. (94 aa)
Gnai2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta- adrenergic stimuli. May play a role in cell division. (355 aa)
Cnr1Cannabinoid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upo [...] (473 aa)
Nod1Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1; Enhances caspase-9-mediated apoptosis. Induces NF-kappa-B activity via RIPK2 and IKK-gamma. Confers responsiveness to intracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Forms an intracellular sensing system along with ARHGEF2 for the detection of microbial effectors during cell invasion by pathogens. Recruits NLRP10 to the cell membrane following bacterial infection (By similarity). (953 aa)
Lrrk2Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which phosphorylates a broad range of proteins involved in multiple processes such as neuronal plasticity, autophagy, and vesicle trafficking. Is a key regulator of RAB GTPases by regulating the GTP/GDP exchange and interaction partners of RABs through phosphorylation. Phosphorylates RAB3A, RAB3B, RAB3C, RAB3D, RAB8A, RAB8B, RAB10, RAB12, RAB35, and RAB43. Regulates the RAB3IP-catalyzed GDP/GTP exchange for RAB8A through the phosphorylation of 'Thr-72' on RAB8A (By similarity). Inhibits the interacti [...] (2527 aa)
Gja8Gap junction alpha-8 protein; Structural component of eye lens gap junctions. Gap junctions are dodecameric channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining cells. They are formed by the docking of two hexameric hemichannels, one from each cell membrane (By similarity). Small molecules and ions diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell via the central pore ; Belongs to the connexin family. Alpha-type (group II) subfamily. (440 aa)
Calm2Calmodulin 2. (149 aa)
Drd5D(1B) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (478 aa)
CcsCopper chaperone for superoxide dismutase; Delivers copper to copper zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1). (274 aa)
Pik3cbPhosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulation [...] (1064 aa)
Fdx1Adrenodoxin, mitochondrial; Essential for the synthesis of various steroid hormones, participates in the reduction of mitochondrial cytochrome P450 for steroidogenesis. Transfers electrons from adrenodoxin reductase to CYP11A1, a cytochrome P450 that catalyzes cholesterol side-chain cleavage. Does not form a ternary complex with adrenodoxin reductase and CYP11A1 but shuttles between the two enzymes to transfer electrons. Belongs to the adrenodoxin/putidaredoxin family. (188 aa)
Mt3Metallothionein-3; Binds heavy metals. Contains three zinc and three copper atoms per polypeptide chain and only a negligible amount of cadmium. Inhibits survival and neurite formation of cortical neurons in vitro (By similarity); Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. (68 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
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