STRINGSTRING
Lefty1 Lefty1 Tgfb2 Tgfb2 Apela Apela Smad2 Smad2 Gdf10 Gdf10 Cers1 Cers1 Bmp6 Bmp6 Zmiz1 Zmiz1 Hipk2 Hipk2 Jun Jun Arap1 Arap1 Btbd11 Btbd11 Cited1 Cited1 Gdf2 Gdf2 Magi2 Magi2 Lefty2 Lefty2 T T Bmp4 Bmp4 Smad1 Smad1 Gata4 Gata4 Smad5 Smad5 Gdf6 Gdf6 Itgb6 Itgb6 Inhbe Inhbe Gdf5 Gdf5 Inhba Inhba Nceh1 Nceh1 Bmp8b Bmp8b Tgfb1 Tgfb1 Tgfb3 Tgfb3 Gdf15 Gdf15 Rbm14 Rbm14 Bmp7 Bmp7 Bmp5 Bmp5 Hnf4a Hnf4a Gdf9 Gdf9 Jade2 Jade2 Fos Fos Ror2 Ror2 Sub1 Sub1 Bmp15 Bmp15 Smad4 Smad4 Hexa Hexa Gdf11 Gdf11 Inhbc Inhbc Smad7 Smad7 Mstn Mstn Vim Vim Bmp2 Bmp2 Smad9 Smad9 Slc33a1 Slc33a1 Ski Ski Hnf1a Hnf1a Bmp10 Bmp10 Gdf3 Gdf3 Stoml1 Stoml1 Smad3 Smad3 Trf Trf Smad6 Smad6 Atoh8 Atoh8 Lnpep Lnpep Bmp8a Bmp8a Gdf7 Gdf7 Nodal Nodal Inha Inha Afp Afp Inhbb Inhbb Nup93 Nup93 Gdf1 Gdf1 Bmp3 Bmp3
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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Lefty1Left-right determination factor 1; Required for left-right axis determination as a regulator of LEFTY2 and NODAL; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (368 aa)
Tgfb2Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-2, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-2: Multifunctional protein that regulates various processes such as angiogenesis and heart development (By similarity). Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transfor [...] (442 aa)
ApelaApelin receptor early endogenous ligand; Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR) (By similarity). Hormone required for mesendodermal differentiation, blood vessels formation and heart morphogenesis during early development and for adult cardiovascular homeostasis. Drives internalization of the APLNR (By similarity). Acts as a motogen by promoting mesendodermal cell migration during gastrulation by binding and activating APLNR (By similarity). Acts as an early embryonic regulator of cellular movement with a role in migration and development of cardiac progenitor cells. May act [...] (54 aa)
Smad2Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator [...] (467 aa)
Gdf10Growth/differentiation factor 10; Growth factor involved in osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Plays an inhibitory role in the process of osteoblast differentiation via SMAD2/3 pathway. Plays an inhibitory role in the process of adipogenesis. (476 aa)
Cers1Embryonic growth/differentiation factor 1; May mediate cell differentiation events during embryonic development. (357 aa)
Bmp6Bone morphogenetic protein 6; Induces cartilage and bone formation; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (510 aa)
Zmiz1Zinc finger MIZ domain-containing protein 1; Acts as transcriptional coactivator. Increases ligand- dependent transcriptional activity of AR and promotes AR sumoylation. The stimulation of AR activity is dependent upon sumoylation (By similarity). Also functions as a transcriptional coactivator in the TGF-beta signaling pathway by increasing the activity of the SMAD3/SMAD4 transcriptional complex (By similarity). Involved in transcriptional activation of a subset of NOTCH1 target genes including MYC. Involved in thymocyte and T cell development. (1072 aa)
Hipk2Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in transcription regulation, p53/TP53-mediated cellular apoptosis and regulation of the cell cycle. Acts as a corepressor of several transcription factors, including SMAD1 and POU4F1/Brn3a and probably NK homeodomain transcription factors. Phosphorylates PDX1, ATF1, PML, p53/TP53, CREB1, CTBP1, CBX4, RUNX1, EP300, CTNNB1, HMGA1 and ZBTB4. Inhibits cell growth and promotes apoptosis through the activation of p53/TP53 both at the transcription level and at the protein level (by phosphorylation and indirect [...] (1196 aa)
JunTranscription factor AP-1; Transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Promotes activity of NR5A1 when phosphorylated by HIPK3 leading to increased steroidogenic gene expression upon cAMP signaling pathway stimulation. Involved in activated KRAS-mediated transcriptional activation of USP28 (By similarity). Binds to the USP28 promoter (By similarity). (334 aa)
Arap1Arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1; Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent GTPase- activating protein that modulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling by regulating ARF and RHO family members. Is activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) binding. Can be activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P2) binding, albeit with lower efficiency. Has a preference for ARF1 and ARF5 (By similarity). (1441 aa)
Btbd11Ankyrin repeat and BTB/POZ domain-containing protein BTBD11. (1109 aa)
Cited1Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator 1; Transcriptional coactivator of the p300/CBP-mediated transcription complex. Enhances SMAD-mediated transcription by strengthening the functional link between the DNA-binding SMAD transcription factors and the p300/CBP transcription coactivator complex. Stimulates estrogen-dependent transactivation activity mediated by estrogen receptors signaling; stabilizes the interaction of estrogen receptor ESR1 and histone acetyltransferase EP300. Positively regulates TGF-beta signaling through its association with the SMAD/p300/CBP-mediated transcriptional c [...] (203 aa)
Gdf2Growth/differentiation factor 2; Potent circulating inhibitor of angiogenesis (By similarity). Signals through the type I activin receptor ACVRL1 but not other Alks. Signaling through SMAD1 in endothelial cells requires TGF-beta coreceptor endoglin/ENG. (428 aa)
Magi2Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2; Seems to act as scaffold molecule at synaptic junctions by assembling neurotransmitter receptors and cell adhesion proteins. Plays a role in nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced recruitment of RAPGEF2 to late endosomes and neurite outgrowth. May play a role in regulating activin-mediated signaling in neuronal cells. Enhances the ability of PTEN to suppress AKT1 activation (By similarity); Belongs to the MAGUK family. (1275 aa)
Lefty2Left-right determination factor 2; Required for left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems in mammals; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (368 aa)
TT-box transcription factor T; Involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes required for mesoderm formation and differentiation. Binds to a palindromic site (called T site) and activates gene transcription when bound to such a site. (436 aa)
Bmp4Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction. (408 aa)
Smad1Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1; Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD1 is a receptor- regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) (By similarity). May play a role in the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1 (By similarity). May act synergistically with SMAD4 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac-specific gene expression. (465 aa)
Gata4Transcription factor GATA-4; Transcriptional activator that binds to the consensus sequence 5'-AGATAG-3' and plays a key role in cardiac development (By similarity). In cooperation with TBX5, it binds to cardiac super- enhancers and promotes cardiomyocyte gene expression, while it downregulates endocardial and endothelial gene expression (By similarity). Involved in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated induction of cardiac-specific gene expression (By similarity). Binds to BMP response element (BMPRE) DNA sequences within cardiac activating regions (By similarity). Acts as a trans [...] (442 aa)
Smad5Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5; Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD5 is a receptor- regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) (By similarity). Required for angiogenesis. Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family. (465 aa)
Gdf6Growth/differentiation factor 6; Growth factor that controls proliferation and cellular differentiation in the retina and bone formation. Plays a key role in regulating apoptosis during retinal development. Establishes dorsal- ventral positional information in the retina and controls the formation of the retinotectal map. Required for normal formation of bones and joints in the limbs, skull, digits and axial skeleton. Plays a key role in establishing boundaries between skeletal elements during development. Regulation of GDF6 expression seems to be a mechanism for evolving species-speci [...] (454 aa)
Itgb6Integrin beta-6; Integrin alpha-V:beta-6 (ITGAV:ITGB6) is a receptor for fibronectin and cytotactin (By similarity). It recognizes the sequence R-G-D in its ligands. ITGAV:ITGB6 acts as a receptor for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and mediates R-G-D-dependent cell adhesion to FBN1 (By similarity). Integrin alpha-V:beta-6 (ITGAV:ITGB6) mediates R- G-D-dependent release of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) from regulatory Latency-associated peptide (LAP), thereby playing a key role in TGF-beta-1 activation. (787 aa)
InhbeInhibin beta E chain; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (350 aa)
Gdf5Growth/differentiation factor 5; Growth factor involved in bone and cartilage formation. During cartilage development regulates differentiation of chondrogenic tissue through two pathways. Firstly, positively regulates differentiation of chondrogenic tissue through its binding of high affinity with BMPR1B and of less affinity with BMPR1A, leading to induction of SMAD1-SMAD5-SMAD8 complex phosphorylation and then SMAD protein signaling transduction (By similarity). Secondly, negatively regulates chondrogenic differentiation through its interaction with NOG (By similarity). Required to p [...] (495 aa)
InhbaInhibin beta A chain; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (424 aa)
Nceh1Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1; Hydrolyzes 2-acetyl monoalkylglycerol ether, the penultimate precursor of the pathway for de novo synthesis of platelet-activating factor. May be responsible for cholesterol ester hydrolysis in macrophages. Also involved in organ detoxification by hydrolyzing exogenous organophosphorus compounds. (408 aa)
Bmp8bBone morphogenetic protein 8B; Induces cartilage and bone formation. May be the osteoinductive factor responsible for the phenomenon of epithelial osteogenesis. Plays a role in calcium regulation and bone homeostasis (By similarity). Involved in the generation of primordial germ cells; this function involves Bmp4 in a synergistic manner though separate receptor complexes seem to be involved. Required for the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. Signaling protein involved in regulation of thermogenesis and energy balance. Proposed to increase the peripheral response of brown a [...] (399 aa)
Tgfb1Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration. Activation into mature form follows different [...] (390 aa)
Tgfb3Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-beta-3) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-3, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-3: Multifunctional protein that regulates embryogenesis and cell differentiation and is required in various processes such as secondary palate development. Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-a [...] (412 aa)
Gdf15Growth/differentiation factor 15; Regulates food intake, energy expenditure and body weight in response to metabolic and toxin-induced stresses. Binds to its receptor, GFRAL, and activates GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem. It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which contitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes feeding responses to stressful conditions. On hepatocytes, inhibits growth hormone signaling. (303 aa)
Rbm14RNA-binding protein 14; May function as a nuclear receptor coactivator, enhancing transcription through other coactivators such as NCOA6 and CITED1 (By similarity). Regulates centriole biogenesis by suppressing the formation of aberrant centriolar protein complexes in the cytoplasm and thus preserving mitotic spindle integrity. Prevents the formation of the STIL-CENPJ complex (which can induce the formation of aberrant centriolar protein complexes) by interfering with the interaction of STIL with CENPJ (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of DNA virus-mediated innate immune [...] (669 aa)
Bmp7Bone morphogenetic protein 7; Induces cartilage and bone formation. May be the osteoinductive factor responsible for the phenomenon of epithelial osteogenesis. Plays a role in calcium regulation and bone homeostasis. (430 aa)
Bmp5Bone morphogenetic protein 5; Induces cartilage and bone formation; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (454 aa)
Hnf4aHepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha; Transcriptional regulator which controls the expression of hepatic genes during the transition of endodermal cells to hepatic progenitor cells, facilitatating the recruitment of RNA pol II to the promoters of target genes (By similarity). Activates the transcription of CYP2C38. Represses the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 transcriptional activity and is essential for circadian rhythm maintenance and period regulation in the liver and colon cells ; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily. (474 aa)
Gdf9Growth/differentiation factor 9; Required for ovarian folliculogenesis; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (441 aa)
Jade2E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Jade-2; Component of the HBO1 complex which has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3 and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo (By similarity). Acts as a E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target protein histone demethylase KDM1A. Also acts as a ubiquitin ligase E3 toward itself. Positive regulator of neurogenesis. (829 aa)
FosProto-oncogene c-Fos; Nuclear phosphoprotein which forms a tight but non-covalently linked complex with the JUN/AP-1 transcription factor. On TGF-beta activation, forms a multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex, at the AP1/SMAD-binding site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated signaling (By similarity). Has a critical function in regulating the development of cells destined to form and maintain the skeleton. It is thought to have an important role in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation. In growing cells, activates phospholipid synthesis, possibly by activating CDS1 and [...] (380 aa)
Ror2Tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR2; Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor which may be involved in the early formation of the chondrocytes. It seems to be required for cartilage and growth plate development. Phosphorylates YWHAB, leading to induction of osteogenesis and bone formation. In contrast, has also been shown to have very little tyrosine kinase activity in vitro. May act as a receptor for wnt ligand WNT5A which may result in the inhibition of WNT3A-mediated signaling (By similarity). (944 aa)
Sub1Activated RNA polymerase II transcriptional coactivator p15; General coactivator that functions cooperatively with TAFs and mediates functional interactions between upstream activators and the general transcriptional machinery. May be involved in stabilizing the multiprotein transcription complex. Binds single-stranded DNA. Also binds, in vitro, non-specifically to double-stranded DNA (ds DNA). (127 aa)
Bmp15Bone morphogenetic protein 15; May be involved in follicular development. Oocyte-specific growth/differentiation factor that stimulates folliculogenesis and granulosa cell (GC) growth (By similarity); Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (392 aa)
Smad4Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). Component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. Component of the multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex which forms at the AP1 promoter site; required for synergistic transcriptional activity in r [...] (551 aa)
HexaBeta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha; Responsible for the degradation of GM2 gangliosides, and a variety of other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines, in the brain and other tissues. (528 aa)
Gdf11Growth/differentiation factor 11; Secreted signal that acts globally to specify positional identity along the anterior/posterior axis during development. May play critical roles in patterning both mesodermal and neural tissues and in establishing the skeletal pattern. Signals through activin receptors type-2, ACVR2A and ACVR2B, and activin receptors type-1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C and TGFBR1 leading to the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3. (405 aa)
InhbcInhibin beta C chain; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (352 aa)
Smad7Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7; Antagonist of signaling by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) type 1 receptor superfamily members; has been shown to inhibit TGF-beta (Transforming growth factor) and activin signaling by associating with their receptors thus preventing SMAD2 access. Functions as an adapter to recruit SMURF2 to the TGF-beta receptor complex. Also acts by recruiting the PPP1R15A-PP1 complex to TGFBR1, which promotes its dephosphorylation. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a [...] (426 aa)
MstnGrowth/differentiation factor 8; Acts specifically as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. (376 aa)
VimVimentin; Vimentins are class-III intermediate filaments found in various non-epithelial cells, especially mesenchymal cells. Vimentin is attached to the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, either laterally or terminally. (466 aa)
Bmp2Bone morphogenetic protein 2; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Stimulates the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts via the EIF2AK3- EIF2A- ATF4 pathway. BMP2 activation of EIF2AK3 stimulates phosphorylation of EIF2A which leads to increased expression of ATF4 which plays a central role in osteoblast differentiation. In addition stimulates TMEM119, which upregulates the expression of ATF4. Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (394 aa)
Smad9Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9; Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD9 is a receptor- regulated SMAD (R-SMAD). Has been shown to be activated by activin type I receptor-like kinases (ALK-2, ALK-3, ALK-6) which stimulate heteromerization between SMAD9 and SMAD4. May play a role in osteoblast differentiation and maturation; Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family. (430 aa)
Slc33a1Acetyl-coenzyme A transporter 1; Probable acetyl-CoA transporter necessary for O-acetylation of gangliosides. Negatively regulates BMP signaling (By similarity); Belongs to the SLC33A transporter family. (550 aa)
SkiSki oncogene; May play a role in terminal differentiation of skeletal muscle cells but not in the determination of cells to the myogenic lineage. Functions as a repressor of TGF-beta signaling; Belongs to the SKI family. (727 aa)
Hnf1aHepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha; Transcriptional activator that regulates the tissue specific expression of multiple genes, especially in pancreatic islet cells and in liver. Binds to the inverted palindrome 5'- GTTAATNATTAAC-3'. Activates the transcription of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A11. Belongs to the HNF1 homeobox family. (628 aa)
Bmp10Bone morphogenetic protein 10; Required for maintaining the proliferative activity of embryonic cardiomyocytes by preventing premature activation of the negative cell cycle regulator CDKN1C/p57KIP and maintaining the required expression levels of cardiogenic factors such as MEF2C and NKX2-5. Acts as a ligand for ACVRL1/ALK1, BMPR1A/ALK3 and BMPR1B/ALK6, leading to activation of SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD8 transcription factors. Inhibits endothelial cell migration and growth. May reduce cell migration and cell matrix adhesion in breast cancer cell lines (By similarity). Belongs to the TGF-be [...] (421 aa)
Gdf3Growth/differentiation factor 3; Growth factor involved in early embryonic development and adipose-tissue homeostasis. During embryogenesis controls formation of anterior visceral endoderm and mesoderm and the establishment of anterior-posterior identity through a receptor complex comprising the receptor ACVR1B and the coreceptor TDGF1/Cripto. Regulates adipose-tissue homeostasis and energy balance under nutrient overload in part by signaling through the receptor complex based on ACVR1C and TDGF1/Cripto. Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (366 aa)
Stoml1Stomatin-like protein 1; May play a role in cholesterol transfer to late endosomes (By similarity). May play a role in modulating membrane acid-sensing ion channels. Can specifically inhibit proton-gated current of ASIC1 isoform 1. Can increase inactivation speed of ASIC3. May be involved in regulation of proton sensing in dorsal root ganglions ; Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. (399 aa)
Smad3Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP- 1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and m [...] (425 aa)
TrfSerotransferrin; Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from sites of absorption and heme degradation to those of storage and utilization. Serum transferrin may also have a further role in stimulating cell proliferation. (697 aa)
Smad6Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6; Binds to regulatory elements in target promoter regions (By similarity). May block the BMP-SMAD1 signaling pathway by competing with SMAD4 for receptor-activated SMAD1-binding (By similarity). Acts as a mediator of TGF-beta and BMP antiflammatory activity. Suppresses IL1R-TLR signaling through its direct interaction with PEL1, preventing NF-kappa-B activation, nuclear transport and NF-kappa-B-mediated expression of proinflammatory genes. (495 aa)
Atoh8Protein atonal homolog 8; Transcription factor that binds a palindromic (canonical) core consensus DNA sequence 5'-CANNTG- 3' known as an E-box element, possibly as a heterodimer with other bHLH proteins (By similarity). Regulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube-like structures formation (By similarity). Modulates endothelial cell differentiation through NOS3 (By similarity). May be implicated in specification and differentiation of neuronal cell lineages in the brain. May participate in kidney development and may be involved in podocyte differentiation. During early [...] (322 aa)
LnpepLeucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase; Release of an N-terminal amino acid, cleave before cysteine, leucine as well as other amino acids. Degrades peptide hormones such as oxytocin, vasopressin and angiotensin III, and plays a role in maintaining homeostasis during pregnancy. May be involved in the inactivation of neuronal peptides in the brain. Cleaves Met-enkephalin and dynorphin. Binds angiotensin IV and may be the angiotensin IV receptor in the brain (By similarity). (1025 aa)
Bmp8aBone morphogenetic protein 8A; Induces cartilage and bone formation. May be the osteoinductive factor responsible for the phenomenon of epithelial osteogenesis. Plays a role in calcium regulation and bone homeostasis (By similarity). Has only marginal osteoinductive activity in mesenchymal progenitor and osteoprogenior cells but shows activity in committed osteoblastic cells. (412 aa)
Gdf7Growth/differentiation factor 7. (461 aa)
NodalNodal; Essential for mesoderm formation and axial patterning during embryonic development; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (354 aa)
InhaInhibin alpha chain; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins. Inhibin deficient mice are viable but are acutely sensitive to [...] (366 aa)
AfpAlpha-fetoprotein; Binds estrogens, fatty acids and metals. (605 aa)
InhbbInhibin beta B chain; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (411 aa)
Nup93Nuclear pore complex protein Nup93; Plays a role in the nuclear pore complex (NPC) assembly and/or maintenance. May anchor nucleoporins, but not NUP153 and TPR, to the NPC (By similarity). During renal development, regulates podocyte migration and proliferation through SMAD4 signaling (By similarity) ; Belongs to the nucleoporin interacting component (NIC) family. (819 aa)
Gdf1Growth differentiation factor 1. (357 aa)
Bmp3Bone morphogenetic protein 3; Negatively regulates bone density. Antagonizes the ability of certain osteogenic BMPs to induce osteoprogenitor differentitation and ossification. (470 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
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