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| | Erc1 | ELKS/Rab6-interacting/CAST family member 1; Regulatory subunit of the IKK complex. Probably recruits IkappaBalpha/NFKBIA to the complex (By similarity). May be involved in the organization of the cytomatrix at the nerve terminals active zone (CAZ) which regulates neurotransmitter release. May be involved in vesicle trafficking at the CAZ. May be involved in Rab-6 regulated endosomes to Golgi transport. (1120 aa) |
| | Apba2 | Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 2; Putative function in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by binding to STXBP1, an essential component of the synaptic vesicle exocytotic machinery. May modulate processing of the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and hence formation of APP-beta. (750 aa) |
| | Slc17a6 | Vesicular glutamate transporter 2; Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. (582 aa) |
| | Vamp1 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 1; Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane; Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (118 aa) |
| | Rab35 | Ras-related protein Rab-35; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab is involved in the process of endocytosis and is an essential rate-limiting regulator of the fast recycling pathway back to the plasma membrane. During cytokinesis, required f [...] (201 aa) |
| | Stx2 | Syntaxin-2; Essential for epithelial morphogenesis. May mediate Ca(2+)- regulation of exocytosis acrosomal reaction in sperm. (289 aa) |
| | Slc10a4 | Sodium/bile acid cotransporter 4; Transporter for bile acids; Belongs to the bile acid:sodium symporter (BASS) (TC 2.A.28) family. (437 aa) |
| | Slc30a3 | Zinc transporter 3; Involved in accumulation of zinc in synaptic vesicles. (388 aa) |
| | Tprgl | Tumor protein p63-regulated gene 1-like protein; Presynaptic protein involved in the synaptic transmission tuning. Regulates synaptic release probability by decreasing the calcium sensitivity of release; Belongs to the TPRG1 family. (266 aa) |
| | Vamp3 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3; SNARE involved in vesicular transport from the late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network; Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (103 aa) |
| | Stx12 | Syntaxin-12; SNARE that acts to regulate protein transport between late endosomes and the trans-Golgi network. The SNARE complex containing STX6, STX12, VAMP4 and VTI1A mediates vesicle fusion (in vitro) (By similarity). Through complex formation with GRIP1, GRIA2 and NSG1 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit toward recycling and membrane targeting (By similarity). (274 aa) |
| | Sytl1 | Synaptotagmin-like protein 1; Binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (By similarity). May play a role in vesicle trafficking. Acts as a RAB27A effector protein and may play a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes. (568 aa) |
| | Ppt1 | Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1; Removes thioester-linked fatty acyl groups such as palmitate from modified cysteine residues in proteins or peptides during lysosomal degradation. Prefers acyl chain lengths of 14 to 18 carbons. (306 aa) |
| | Slc6a9 | Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1; Terminates the action of glycine by its high affinity sodium- dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. May play a role in regulation of glycine levels in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission; Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A9 subfamily. (633 aa) |
| | Sh3gl2 | Endophilin-A1; Implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. May recruit other proteins to membranes with high curvature. Required for BDNF-dependent dendrite outgrowth. Cooperates with SH3GL2 to mediate BDNF-NTRK2 early endocytic trafficking and signaling from early endosomes. (352 aa) |
| | Unc13a | Protein unc-13 homolog A; Plays a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. Involved in neurotransmitter release by acting in synaptic vesicle priming prior to vesicle fusion and participates in the activity-dependent refilling of readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP). Essential for synaptic vesicle maturation in most excitatory/glutamatergic but not inhibitory/GABA- mediated synapses. Facilitates neuronal dense core vesicles fusion as well as controls the location and efficiency of their synaptic release. Also involved in [...] (1712 aa) |
| | Sec22b | Vesicle-trafficking protein SEC22b; SNARE involved in targeting and fusion of ER-derived transport vesicles with the Golgi complex as well as Golgi-derived retrograde transport vesicles with the ER; Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (215 aa) |
| | Syt10 | Synaptotagmin-10; Ca(2+) sensor specifically required for the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles containing IGF1 in neurons of the olfactory bulb. Exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell. Not involved in Ca(2+)- dependent synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Acts through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain: Ca(2+) induces binding of the C2-domains to phospholipid membranes and to assembled SNARE-complexes; both actions contribute to triggering exocytosis (By similarity). (523 aa) |
| | Anxa5 | Annexin A5; This protein is an anticoagulant protein that acts as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade; Belongs to the annexin family. (319 aa) |
| | Mylk2 | Myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle; Implicated in the level of global muscle contraction and cardiac function. Phosphorylates a specific serine in the N-terminus of a myosin light chain (By similarity). (613 aa) |
| | Pdyn | Alpha-neoendorphin; Leu-enkephalins compete with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress (By similarity). Leumorphin has a typical opiod activity and may have anti- apoptotic effect. (248 aa) |
| | Snap25 | Synaptosomal-associated protein 25; t-SNARE involved in the molecular regulation of neurotransmitter release. May play an important role in the synaptic function of specific neuronal systems. Associates with proteins involved in vesicle docking and membrane fusion. Regulates plasma membrane recycling through its interaction with CENPF. Modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1 in pancreatic beta cells (By similarity). (206 aa) |
| | Syt13 | Synaptotagmin-13; May be involved in transport vesicle docking to the plasma membrane. (426 aa) |
| | Grin1 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. (938 aa) |
| | Rab14 | Ras-related protein Rab-14; Regulates, together with its guanine nucleotide exchange factor, DENND6A, the specific endocytic transport of ADAM10, N- cadherin/CDH2 shedding and cell-cell adhesion (By similarity). Involved in membrane trafficking between the Golgi complex and endosomes during early embryonic development. Regulates the Golgi to endosome transport of FGFR-containing vesicles during early development, a key process for developing basement membrane and epiblast and primitive endoderm lineages during early postimplantation development. May act by modulating the kinesin KIF16B [...] (215 aa) |
| | Tor1a | Torsin-1A; Protein with chaperone functions important for the control of protein folding, processing, stability and localization as well as for the reduction of misfolded protein aggregates. Involved in the regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling, controls STON2 protein stability in collaboration with the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN). In the nucleus, may link the cytoskeleton with the nuclear envelope, this mechanism seems to be crucial for the control of nuclear polarity, cell movement and, specifically in neurons, nuclear envelope integrity. Participates in the cellular traffickin [...] (333 aa) |
| | Slc2a8 | Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 8; Insulin-regulated facilitative hexose transporter that mediates the transport of glucose and fructose. Also able to mediate the transport of dehydroascorbate. (477 aa) |
| | Gad2 | Glutamate decarboxylase 2; Catalyzes the production of GABA. (585 aa) |
| | Stx6 | Syntaxin-6; Involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (255 aa) |
| | Sept2 | Septin-2; Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase. Forms a filamentous structure with SEPTIN12, SEPTIN6, SEPTIN2 and probably SEPTIN4 at the sperm annulus which is required for the structural integrity and motility of the sperm tail during postmeiotic differentiation (By similarity). Required for normal organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the biogenesis of polarized columnar- shaped epithelium by maintaining polyglutamylated microtubules, thus facilitating efficient vesicle transport, and by impeding MAP4 binding to tubulin. Required for the progression through mitosis [...] (361 aa) |
| | Slc40a1 | Solute carrier family 40 member 1; May be involved in iron export from duodenal epithelial cell and also in transfer of iron between maternal and fetal circulation. Mediates iron efflux in the presence of a ferroxidase (hephaestin and/or ceruloplasmin). (570 aa) |
| | Cops5 | COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5; Probable protease subunit of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes. The CSN complex is an essential regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunits of the SCF-type E3 ligase complexes, leading to decrease the Ubl ligase activity of SCF-type complexes such as SCF, CSA or DDB2. Promotes the proteasomal degradation of BRSK2. The complex is also involved in phosphorylation of p53/TP53, c-jun/JUN, IkappaBalpha/NFKBIA, ITPK1 and IRF8, [...] (334 aa) |
| | Syngr2 | Synaptogyrin-2; May play a role in regulated exocytosis. In neuronal cells, modulates the localization of synaptophysin/SYP into synaptic-like microvesicles and may therefore play a role in the formation and/or the maturation of this vesicles. May also play a role in GLUT4 storage and transport to the plasma membrane. (224 aa) |
| | Slc18a2 | Synaptic vesicular amine transporter; Involved in the ATP-dependent vesicular transport of biogenic amine neurotransmitters. Pumps cytosolic monoamines including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine into synaptic vesicles. Requisite for vesicular amine storage prior to secretion via exocytosis (By similarity). (517 aa) |
| | Apba1 | Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 1; Putative function in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by binding to Munc18-1, an essential component of the synaptic vesicle exocytotic machinery. May modulate processing of the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and hence formation of AAP-beta (By similarity). (842 aa) |
| | Slc6a7 | Sodium-dependent proline transporter; Terminates the action of proline by its high affinity sodium- dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals; Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A7 subfamily. (637 aa) |
| | Mal2 | Protein MAL2; Member of the machinery of polarized transport. Required for the indirect transcytotic route at the step of the egress of the transcytosing cargo from perinuclear endosomes in order for it to travel to the apical surface via a raft-dependent pathway (By similarity). (175 aa) |
| | Gabbr1 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1; Component of a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor for GABA, formed by GABBR1 and GABBR2. Within the heterodimeric GABA receptor, only GABBR1 seems to bind agonists, while GABBR2 mediates coupling to G proteins (By similarity). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase, stimulates phospholipase A2, activates potassium channels, inactivate [...] (960 aa) |
| | Bin1 | Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1; Is a key player in the control of plasma membrane curvature, and membrane shaping and remodeling. Required in muscle cells for the formation of T-tubules, tubular invaginations of the plasma membrane that function in depolarization-contraction coupling. Required in muscle cells for the formation of T-tubules, tubular invaginations of the plasma membrane that function in depolarization-contraction coupling. Is a negative regulator of endocytosis (By similarity). Is also involved in the regulation of intracellular vesicles sorting, modulation of B [...] (588 aa) |
| | Syt4 | Synaptotagmin-4; Synaptotagmin family member which does not bind Ca(2+). Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (By similarity). (425 aa) |
| | Atp6v0c | V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit; Proton-conducting pore forming subunit of the membrane integral V0 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. (155 aa) |
| | Slc4a8 | Electroneutral sodium bicarbonate exchanger 1; Mediates electroneutral sodium- and carbonate-dependent chloride-HCO3(-) exchange with a Na(+):HCO3(-) stoichiometry of 2:1. Plays a major role in pH regulation in neurons. May be involved in cell pH regulation by transporting HCO3(-) from blood to cell. Enhanced expression in severe acid stress could be important for cell survival by mediating the influx of HCO3(-) into the cells. Also mediates lithium-dependent HCO3(-) cotransport. May be regulated by osmolarity. (1089 aa) |
| | Aqp2 | Aquaporin-2; Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of renal collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. Plays an essential role in renal water homeostasis. (271 aa) |
| | Atp6v1c1 | V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1; Subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase. Subunit C is necessary for the assembly of the catalytic sector of the enzyme and is likely to have a specific function in its catalytic activity. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. (382 aa) |
| | Vdac2 | Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2; Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane that allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules. The channel adopts an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV. The open state has a weak anion selectivity whereas the closed state is cation-selective (By similarity). (295 aa) |
| | Scamp1 | Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 1; Functions in post-Golgi recycling pathways. Acts as a recycling carrier to the cell surface (By similarity). (338 aa) |
| | Nkd2 | Protein naked cuticle homolog 2; Cell autonomous antagonist of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. May activate a second Wnt signaling pathway that controls planar cell polarity. Required for processing of TGFA and for targeting of TGFA to the basolateral membrane of polarized epithelial cells (By similarity); Belongs to the NKD family. (461 aa) |
| | Rab15 | Ras-related protein Rab-15; May act in concert with RAB3A in regulating aspects of synaptic vesicle membrane flow within the nerve terminal. EHBP1L1. (212 aa) |
| | Vamp2 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2; Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane. Modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1 (By similarity); Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (116 aa) |
| | Rab10 | Ras-related protein Rab-10; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes (By similarity). Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion (By similarity). That Rab is mainly involved in the biosynthetic transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane (By similarity). Regulates, for instance, SLC [...] (200 aa) |
| | Kif3c | Kinesin-like protein KIF3C; Microtubule-based anterograde translocator for membranous organelles. (796 aa) |
| | Rab3ip | Rab-3A-interacting protein; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which may activate RAB8A and RAB8B. Promotes the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting inactive GDP-bound Rab proteins into their active GTP-bound form. Mediates the release of GDP from RAB8A and RAB8B but not from RAB3A or RAB5. Modulates actin organization and promotes polarized transport of RAB8A-specific vesicles to the cell surface. Together with RAB11A, RAB8A, the exocyst complex, PARD3, PRKCI, ANXA2, CDC42 and DNMBP promotes transcytosis of PODXL to the apical membrane initiation sites (AMIS), apical surface forma [...] (428 aa) |
| | Atp2b1 | Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space thereby maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. Plays a role in blood pressure regulation through regulation of intracellular calcium concentration and nitric oxide production leading to regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells vasoconstriction. Positively regulates bone mineralization through absorption of calcium from the intestine. Plays dual roles in osteoclast differentiation and survival by regulating RANKL-ind [...] (1220 aa) |
| | Slc17a8 | Vesicular glutamate transporter 3; Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter family. VGLUT subfamily. (601 aa) |
| | Gipc1 | PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC1; Inhibits endothelial cell migration (in vitro). May be involved in G protein-linked signaling (By similarity); Belongs to the GIPC family. (333 aa) |
| | Calm3 | Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Mediates calcium- dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium- activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. (149 aa) |
| | Atp6v1e1 | V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1; Subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase essential for assembly or catalytic function. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. (226 aa) |
| | Rab5c | Ras-related protein Rab-5C; Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic (By similarity); Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (234 aa) |
| | Atp6ap1 | V-type proton ATPase subunit S1; Accessory subunit of the proton-transporting vacuolar (V)- ATPase protein pump, which is required for luminal acidification of secretory vesicles. Guides the V-type ATPase into specialized subcellular compartments, such as neuroendocrine regulated secretory vesicles or the ruffled border of the osteoclast, thereby regulating its activity. Involved in membrane trafficking and Ca(2+)-dependent membrane fusion. May play a role in the assembly of the V-type ATPase complex. In aerobic conditions, involved in intracellular iron homeostasis, thus triggering th [...] (463 aa) |
| | Ndel1 | Nuclear distribution protein nudE-like 1; Required for organization of the cellular microtubule array and microtubule anchoring at the centrosome. May regulate microtubule organization at least in part by targeting the microtubule severing protein KATNA1 to the centrosome. Also positively regulates the activity of the minus-end directed microtubule motor protein dynein. May enhance dynein-mediated microtubule sliding by targeting dynein to the microtubule plus ends. Required for several dynein- and microtubule-dependent processes such as the maintenance of Golgi integrity, the centripe [...] (345 aa) |
| | Sept4 | Septin-4; Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase. Forms a filamentous structure with SEPTIN12, SEPTIN6, SEPTIN2 and probably SEPTIN4 at the sperm annulus which is required for the structural integrity and motility of the sperm tail during postmeiotic differentiation (By similarity). May play a role in cytokinesis (Potential). May play a role in platelet secretion (By similarity). (478 aa) |
| | Rab5a | Ras-related protein Rab-5A; Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Active GTP-bound form is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. RAB5A is required for the fusion of plasma membranes and early endosomes. Contributes to the regulati [...] (215 aa) |
| | Vps45 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45; May play a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking from the Golgi stack through the trans-Golgi network. (570 aa) |
| | Hspa8 | Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein; Molecular chaperone implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including protection of the proteome from stress, folding and transport of newly synthesized polypeptides, activation of proteolysis of misfolded proteins and the formation and dissociation of protein complexes. Plays a pivotal role in the protein quality control system, ensuring the correct folding of proteins, the re-folding of misfolded proteins and controlling the targeting of proteins for subsequent degradation. This is achieved through cycles of ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis a [...] (646 aa) |
| | Prrt1 | Proline-rich transmembrane protein 1. (306 aa) |
| | Atp6v0d1 | V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1; Subunit of the integral membrane V0 complex of vacuolar ATPase. Vacuolar ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells, thus providing most of the energy required for transport processes in the vacuolar system. May play a role in coupling of proton transport and ATP hydrolysis. May play a role in cilium biogenesis through regulation of the transport and the localization of proteins to the cilium (By similarity). In aerobic conditions, involved in intracellular iron homeostasis, thus triggering the acti [...] (351 aa) |
| | Snap47 | Synaptosomal-associated protein 47; May play a role in intracellular membrane fusion. Belongs to the SVAP1 family. (413 aa) |
| | Syngr1 | Synaptogyrin-1; May play a role in regulated exocytosis. Modulates the localization of synaptophysin/SYP into synaptic-like microvesicles and may therefore play a role in synaptic-like microvesicle formation and/or maturation (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of short- term and long-term synaptic plasticity. Belongs to the synaptogyrin family. (234 aa) |
| | Kcnc4 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 4; This protein mediates the voltage-dependent potassium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient (By similarity); Belongs to the potassium channel family. C (Shaw) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv3.4/KCNC4 sub-subfamily. (628 aa) |
| | Syn2 | Synapsin-2; Neuronal phosphoprotein that coats synaptic vesicles, binds to the cytoskeleton, and is believed to function in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. May play a role in noradrenaline secretion by sympathetic neurons. (586 aa) |
| | Vdac3 | Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3; Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane that allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules. (283 aa) |
| | Sptbn2 | Spectrin beta chain; Belongs to the spectrin family. (2388 aa) |
| | Syngr3 | Synaptogyrin-3; May play a role in regulated exocytosis. May indirectly regulate the activity of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter SLC6A3 and thereby regulate dopamine transport back from the synaptic cleft into the presynaptic terminal. (229 aa) |
| | Atp6v1b2 | V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform; Non-catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. (511 aa) |
| | Atp6v1b1 | Vacuolar proton pump subunit B; Non-catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase; Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family. (513 aa) |
| | Stx1a | Syntaxin-1A; Plays an essential role in hormone and neurotransmitter calcium-dependent exocytosis and endocytosis. Part of the SNARE (Soluble NSF Attachment Receptor) complex composed of SNAP25, STX1A and VAMP2 which mediates the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. STX1A and SNAP25 are localized on the plasma membrane while VAMP2 resides in synaptic vesicles. The pairing of the three SNAREs from the N-terminal SNARE motifs to the C-terminal anchors leads to the formation of the SNARE complex, which brings membranes into close proximity and results in final [...] (288 aa) |
| | App | Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G [...] (695 aa) |
| | Sgta | Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha; Co-chaperone that binds misfolded and hydrophobic patches- containing client proteins in the cytosol. Mediates their targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum but also regulates their sorting to the proteasome when targeting fails. Functions in tail-anchored/type II transmembrane proteins membrane insertion constituting with ASNA1 and the BAG6 complex a targeting module. Functions upstream of the BAG6 complex and ASNA1, binding more rapidly the transmembrane domain of newly synthesized proteins. It is also involved in [...] (315 aa) |
| | Clcn3 | H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3; Mediates the exchange of chloride ions against protons. Functions as antiporter and contributes to the acidification of the endosome and synaptic vesicle lumen, and may thereby affect vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. May play an important role in neuronal cell function through regulation of membrane excitability by protein kinase C. It could help neuronal cells to establish short-term memory. Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClC- 3/CLCN3 subfamily. (866 aa) |
| | Atp6v1f | V-type proton ATPase subunit F; Subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase essential for assembly or catalytic function. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. (119 aa) |
| | Ncstn | Nicastrin; Essential subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). The gamma-secretase complex plays a role in Notch and Wnt signaling cascades and regulation of downstream processes via its role in processing key regulatory proteins, and by regulating cytosolic CTNNB1 levels; Belongs to the nicastrin family. (708 aa) |
| | Rab8a | Ras-related protein Rab-8A; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab is involved in polarized vesicular trafficking and neurotransmitter release. Together with RAB11A, RAB3IP, the exocyst complex, PARD3, PRKCI, ANXA2, CDC42 and DNMBP promotes t [...] (207 aa) |
| | Ap2a2 | AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2; Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold [...] (938 aa) |
| | Shh | Sonic hedgehog protein N-product; [Sonic hedgehog protein]: The C-terminal part of the sonic hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis and a cholesterol transferase activity. Both activities result in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (ShhN and ShhC) followed by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated ShhN. Both activities occur in the reticulum endoplasmic. Once cleaved, ShhC is degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum. (437 aa) |
| | Rab5b | Ras-related protein Rab-5B; Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic (By similarity); Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (215 aa) |
| | Clcn4 | H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 4; Proton-coupled chloride transporter. Functions as antiport system and exchanges chloride ions against protons (By similarity). Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClC- 4/CLCN4 subfamily. (747 aa) |
| | Th | Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; Plays an important role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. (498 aa) |
| | Syndig1 | Synapse differentiation-inducing gene protein 1; May regulate AMPA receptor content at nascent synapses, and have a role in postsynaptic development and maturation. (258 aa) |
| | Rab3a | Ras-related protein Rab-3A; Small GTP-binding protein that plays a central role in regulated exocytosis and secretion. Controls the recruitment, tethering and docking of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. Upon stimulation, switches to its active GTP-bound form, cycles to vesicles and recruits effectors such as RIMS1, RIMS2, Rabphilin-3A/RPH3A, RPH3AL or SYTL4 to help the docking of vesicules onto the plasma membrane (By similarity). Upon GTP hydrolysis by GTPase-activating protein, dissociates from the vesicle membrane allowing the exocytosis to proceed (By similarity). Stimula [...] (220 aa) |
| | Tmem230 | Transmembrane protein 230; Involved in trafficking and recycling of synaptic vesicles. (120 aa) |
| | Trim9 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM9; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which ubiquitinates itself in cooperation with an E2 enzyme UBE2D2/UBC4 and serves as a targeting signal for proteasomal degradation. May play a role in regulation of neuronal functions. May act as a regulator of synaptic vesicle exocytosis by controlling the availability of SNAP25 for the SNARE complex formation; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (788 aa) |
| | Psen2 | Presenilin-2 CTF subunit; Probable catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Requires the other members of the gamma- secretase complex to have a protease activity. May play a role in intracellular signaling and gene expression or in linking chromatin to the nuclear membrane. May function in the cytoplasmic partitioning of proteins (By similarity). The holoprotein functions as a calcium-leak channel that allows the pa [...] (448 aa) |
| | Ntf3 | Neurotrophin-3; Seems to promote the survival of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. (271 aa) |
| | Kif1a | Kinesin-like protein KIF1A; Motor for anterograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors (Probable). Also required for neuronal dense core vesicles (DCVs) transport to the dendritic spines and axons. The interaction calcium-dependent with CALM1 increases vesicle motility and interaction with the scaffolding proteins PPFIA2 and TANC2 recruits DCVs to synaptic sites (By similarity); Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Unc-104 subfamily. (1698 aa) |
| | Rab3il1 | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab-3A; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which may activate RAB3A, a GTPase that regulates synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Promotes the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting inactive GDP-bound Rab proteins into their active GTP-bound form. May also activates RAB8A and RAB8B (By similarity). (383 aa) |
| | Rab7 | Ras-related protein Rab-7a; Key regulator in endo-lysosomal trafficking. Governs early- to-late endosomal maturation, microtubule minus-end as well as plus-end directed endosomal migration and positioning, and endosome-lysosome transport through different protein-protein interaction cascades. Plays a central role, not only in endosomal traffic, but also in many other cellular and physiological events, such as growth-factor-mediated cell signaling, nutrient-transportor mediated nutrient uptake, neurotrophin transport in the axons of neurons and lipid metabolism. Also involved in regulat [...] (207 aa) |
| | Dmd | Dystrophin; Anchors the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via F- actin. Ligand for dystroglycan. Component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex which accumulates at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and at a variety of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems and has a structural function in stabilizing the sarcolemma. Also implicated in signaling events and synaptic transmission. (3678 aa) |
| | Snca | Alpha-synuclein; Neuronal protein that plays several roles in synaptic activity such as regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release. Participates as a monomer in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by enhancing vesicle priming, fusion and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, acts by increasing local Ca(2+) release from microdomains which is essential for the enhancement of ATP-induced exocytosis. Acts also as a molecular chaperone in its multimeric membrane-bound state, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components called SNAREs [...] (140 aa) |
| | Rab11b | Ras-related protein Rab-11B; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. The small Rab GTPase RAB11B plays a role in endocytic recycling, regulating apical recycling of several transmembrane proteins including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regul [...] (218 aa) |
| | Sept6 | Septin-6; Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase. Required for normal organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Involved in cytokinesis. Forms a filamentous structure with SEPTIN12, SEPTIN6, SEPTIN2 and probably SEPTIN4 at the sperm annulus which is required for the structural integrity and motility of the sperm tail during postmeiotic differentiation (By similarity); Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family. (434 aa) |
| | Clcn5 | H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 5; Proton-coupled chloride transporter. Functions as antiport system and exchanges chloride ions against protons. Important for normal acidification of the endosome lumen. May play an important role in renal tubular function (By similarity); Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClC- 5/CLCN5 subfamily. (816 aa) |
| | Disc1 | Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 homolog; Involved in the regulation of multiple aspects of embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Required for neural progenitor proliferation in the ventrical/subventrical zone during embryonic brain development and in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Participates in the Wnt- mediated neural progenitor proliferation as a positive regulator by modulating GSK3B activity and CTNNB1 abundance. Plays a role as a modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling the tempo of the process of newborn neurons integration during adult neurogenesis, includ [...] (852 aa) |
| | Syt3 | Synaptotagmin-3; Ca(2+) sensor involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain. Ca(2+) induces binding of the C2-domains to phospholipid membranes and to assembled SNARE-complexes; both actions contribute to triggering exocytosis. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. (587 aa) |
| | Syt2 | Synaptotagmin-2; Exhibits calcium-dependent phospholipid and inositol polyphosphate binding properties. May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (By similarity). (Microbial infection) Receptor for C.botulinum neurotoxin type G (BoNT/G, botG); gangliosides are not required for (or only very slightly improve) binding to a membrane-anchored receptor fragment. The toxin binds via the vesicular domain (residues 47-55) ; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (422 aa) |
| | Dpysl3 | Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 3; Necessary for signaling by class 3 semaphorins and subsequent remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Plays a role in axon guidance, neuronal growth cone collapse and cell migration (By similarity); Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Hydantoinase/dihydropyrimidinase family. (683 aa) |
| | Sept8 | Septin-8; Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase (By similarity). May play a role in platelet secretion (By similarity). Seems to participate in the process of SNARE complex formation in synaptic vesicles (By similarity). (484 aa) |
| | Rab3d | Ras-related protein Rab-3D; Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic (By similarity). May be involved in the insulin-induced exocytosis of glut4-containing vesicles in adipocytes. (219 aa) |
| | Syt8 | Synaptotagmin-8; Involved in the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in non-neuronal tissues. Mediates Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis acrosomal reaction in sperm. May mediate Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis in insulin secreted cells; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (395 aa) |
| | Dmxl2 | DmX-like protein 2; May serve as a scaffold protein for MADD and RAB3GA on synaptic vesicles of neuronal and endocrine homeostatic processes (By similarity). Plays a role in the brain as a key controller of neuronal and endocrine homeostatic processes. (3054 aa) |
| | Syn3 | Synapsin-3; May be involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis. Binds ATP with high affinity and ADP with a lower affinity. This is consistent with a catalytic role of the C-domain in which ADP would be dissociated by cellular ATP after bound ATP was hydrolyzed (By similarity); Belongs to the synapsin family. (579 aa) |
| | Rab4a | Ras-related protein Rab-4A; Protein transport. Plays a role in vesicular traffic. Mediates VEGFR2 endosomal trafficking to enhance VEGFR2 signaling. (218 aa) |
| | Rab27b | Ras-related protein Rab-27B; Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate homeostasis of late endocytic pathway, including endosomal positioning, maturation and secretion (By similarity). Plays a role in NTRK2/TRKB axonal anterograde transport by facilitating the association of NTRK2/TRKB with KLC1 (By similarity). May be involved in targeting uroplakins to urothelial apical membranes (By similarity). (218 aa) |
| | Dbi | Acyl-CoA-binding protein; Binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters with very high affinity and may function as an intracellular carrier of acyl-CoA esters. It is also able to displace diazepam from the benzodiazepine (BZD) recognition site located on the GABA type A receptor. It is therefore possible that this protein also acts as a neuropeptide to modulate the action of the GABA receptor. (135 aa) |
| | Myo5a | Unconventional myosin-Va; Processive actin-based motor that can move in large steps approximating the 36-nm pseudo-repeat of the actin filament. Involved in melanosome transport. Also mediates the transport of vesicles to the plasma membrane. May also be required for some polarization process involved in dendrite formation; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1853 aa) |
| | Entpd1 | Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1; In the nervous system, could hydrolyze ATP and other nucleotides to regulate purinergic neurotransmission. Could also be implicated in the prevention of platelet aggregation by hydrolyzing platelet-activating ADP to AMP. Hydrolyzes ATP and ADP equally well. (539 aa) |
| | Sypl2 | Synaptophysin-like protein 2; Involved in communication between the T-tubular and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes. (264 aa) |
| | Vamp4 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 4; Involved in the pathway that functions to remove an inhibitor (probably synaptotagmin-4) of calcium-triggered exocytosis during the maturation of secretory granules. May be a marker for this sorting pathway that is critical for remodeling the secretory response of granule (By similarity); Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (141 aa) |
| | Gm42669 | AP2-interacting clathrin-endocytosis protein; Involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the synapse. Plays a role in neuronal development and in synaptic vesicle recycling in mature neurons, a process required for normal synaptic transmission. (571 aa) |
| | Snapin | SNARE-associated protein Snapin; Component of the BLOC-1 complex, a complex that is required for normal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LRO), such as platelet dense granules and melanosomes. In concert with the AP-3 complex, the BLOC-1 complex is required to target membrane protein cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals. The BLOC-1 complex, in association with SNARE proteins, is also proposed to be involved in neurite extension. Plays a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking and synaptic vesicle recycling. May modulate [...] (136 aa) |
| | Stxbp5 | Syntaxin-binding protein 5; Plays a regulatory role in calcium-dependent exocytosis and neurotransmitter release (By similarity). Inhibits membrane fusion between transport vesicles and the plasma membrane. May modulate the assembly of trans-SNARE complexes between transport vesicles and the plasma membrane. Competes with STXBP1 for STX1 binding. Inhibits translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. (1116 aa) |
| | Cadm1 | Cell adhesion molecule 1; Mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion in a Ca(2+)- independent manner. Also mediates heterophilic cell-cell adhesion with CADM3 and NECTIN3 in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. Acts as a tumor suppressor in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Interaction with CRTAM promotes natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by CD8+ cells in vitro as well as NK cell-mediated rejection of tumors expressing CADM3 in vivo. May contribute to the less invasive phenotypes of lepidic growth tumor cells. In mast cells, may mediate attach [...] (474 aa) |
| | Sv2c | Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C; Plays a role in the control of regulated secretion in neural and endocrine cells, enhancing selectively low-frequency neurotransmission. Positively regulates vesicle fusion by maintaining the readily releasable pool of secretory vesicles. (Microbial infection) Possible receptor for C.botulinum neurotoxin type D (BoNT/D, botD). Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. (727 aa) |
| | Prrt2 | Proline-rich transmembrane protein 2; As a component of the outer core of AMPAR complex, may be involved in synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. In hippocampal neurons, in presynaptic terminals, plays an important role in the final steps of neurotransmitter release, possibly by regulating Ca(2+)-sensing. In the cerebellum, may inhibit SNARE complex formation and downregulate short-term facilitation ; Belongs to the CD225/Dispanin family. (346 aa) |
| | Oprk1 | Kappa-type opioid receptor; G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous alpha-neoendorphins and dynorphins, but has low affinity for beta-endorphins. Also functions as receptor for various synthetic opioids and for the psychoactive diterpene salvinorin A. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. Inhibits neurotransmitter release by r [...] (380 aa) |
| | Sv2b | Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B; Probably plays a role in the control of regulated secretion in neural and endocrine cells. (Microbial infection) Possible receptor for C.botulinum neurotoxin type D (BoNT/D, botD). Not a receptor for C.botulinum neurotoxin type D (BoNT/D, botD). Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. (683 aa) |
| | Borcs5 | BLOC-1-related complex subunit 5; As part of the BORC complex may play a role in lysosomes movement and localization at the cell periphery. Associated with the cytosolic face of lysosomes, the BORC complex may recruit ARL8B and couple lysosomes to microtubule plus-end-directed kinesin motor. Thereby, it may indirectly play a role in cell spreading and motility. Belongs to the BORCS5 family. (196 aa) |
| | Rab40c | Ras-related protein Rab-40C; Probable substrate-recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin-Cullin-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (281 aa) |
| | Pick1 | PRKCA-binding protein; Probable adapter protein that bind to and organize the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins containing some PDZ recognition sequence. Involved in the clustering of various receptors, possibly by acting at the receptor internalization level. Plays a role in synaptic plasticity by regulating the trafficking and internalization of AMPA receptors. May be regulated upon PRKCA activation. May regulate ASIC1/ASIC3 channel. Regulates actin polymerization by inhibiting the actin-nucleating activity of the Arp2/3 complex; the function is competetive w [...] (416 aa) |
| | Rab12 | Ras-related protein Rab-12; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion (By similarity). That Rab may play a role in protein transport from recycling endosomes to lysosomes regulating, for instance, the degradation of the transferrin receptor. Involved in au [...] (243 aa) |
| | Slc6a17 | Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter SLC6A17; Functions as a sodium-dependent vesicular transporter selective for proline, glycine, leucine and alanine. In contrast to other members of this neurotransmitter transporter family, does not appear to be chloride-dependent (By similarity). Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A17 subfamily. (727 aa) |
| | Sphk1 | Sphingosine kinase 1; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on D-erythro-sphingosine and to a lesser extent sphinganine, but not other lipids, such as D,L-threo- dihydrosphingosine, N,N-dimethylsphingosine, diacylglycerol, ceramide, or phosphatidylinositol. In contrast to proapoptotic SPHK2, has a negative effect on intracellular ceramide levels, enhances cell growth and inhibits apoptosis. Involved in the regulation of inflammatory response and neuroinflammation. Via [...] (388 aa) |
| | Sept2-2 | Septin 2. (361 aa) |
| | Rab3c | Ras-related protein Rab-3C; Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic (By similarity); Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (227 aa) |
| | Znrf1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ZNRF1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the ubiquitination of AKT1 and GLUL, thereby playing a role in neuron cells differentiation. Plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal transmission and plasticity. Regulates Schwann cells differentiation by mediating ubiquitination of GLUL. Promotes Wallerian degeneration, a neurodegeneration disorder, by mediating 'Lys-48'- linked polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of AKT1 in axons: degradation of AKT1 prevents AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of GSK3B, leading to GSK3B activation [...] (227 aa) |
| | Hap1 | Huntingtin-associated protein 1; Originally identified as neuronal protein that specifically associates with HTT/huntingtin and the binding is enhanced by an expanded polyglutamine repeat within HTT possibly affecting HAP1 interaction properties. Both HTT and HAP1 are involved in intracellular trafficking and HAP1 is proposed to link HTT to motor proteins and/or transport cargos. Seems to play a role in vesicular transport within neurons and axons such as from early endosomes to late endocytic compartments and to promote neurite outgrowth. The vesicular transport function via associati [...] (628 aa) |
| | Gm20708 | Predicted gene 20708. (155 aa) |
| | Ddc | Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopamine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin and L-tryptophan to tryptamine; Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. (480 aa) |
| | Unc13c | Protein unc-13 homolog C; May play a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. May be involved in the regulation of synaptic transmission at parallel fiber - Purkinje cell synapses; Belongs to the unc-13 family. (2210 aa) |
| | Vps33b | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33B; May play a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments and in membrane docking/fusion reactions of late endosomes/lysosomes. Mediates phagolysosomal fusion in macrophages. Proposed to be involved in endosomal maturation implicating in part VIPAS39 (By similarity). In epithelial cells, the VPS33B:VIPAS39 complex may play a role in the apical RAB11A-dependentrecycling pathway and in the maintenance of the apical-basolateral polarity. Seems to be involved in the sorting of specific cargos from the trans-Golgi netw [...] (617 aa) |
| | Rab27a | Ras-related protein Rab-27A; Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate homeostasis of late endocytic pathway, including endosomal positioning, maturation and secretion. Plays a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes. Required for both granule maturation and granule docking and priming at the immunologic synapse. (221 aa) |
| | Atg9a | Autophagy-related protein 9A; Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Plays a key role in the organization of the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. Cycles between a juxta-nuclear trans-Golgi network compartment and late endosomes. Nutrient starvation induces accumulation on autophagosomes. Starvation-dependent trafficking requires ULK1, ATG13 and SUPT20H (By similarity). Required for carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-induced ATG8 family protei [...] (839 aa) |
| | Slc18a3 | Vesicular acetylcholine transporter; Involved in acetylcholine transport into synaptic vesicles. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Vesicular transporter family. (530 aa) |
| | Sytl2 | Synaptotagmin-like protein 2; Isoform 11 acts as a RAB27A effector protein and plays a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes. Required for cytotoxic granule docking at the immunologic synapse. Isoform 1 may play a role in melanosome transport and vesicle trafficking. It controls melanosome distribution in the cell periphery and regulates melanocyte morphology. Isoform 1 acts as a positive mediator of mucus secretion by the surface mucus cells of the stomach. Mediates basal mucus secretion by gastric surface cells by promoting the proper granule biognesis and docking of mu [...] (950 aa) |
| | Kirrel3 | Processed kin of IRRE-like protein 3; Synaptic adhesion molecule required for the formation of target-specific synapses. Required for formation of target-specific synapses at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. Required for formation of mossy fiber filopodia, the synaptic structures connecting dentate granule and GABA neurons. Probably acts as a homophilic adhesion molecule that promotes trans-cellular interactions and stabilize mossy fiber filipodia contact and subsequent synapse formation. Required for the coalescence of vomeronasal sensory neuron axons. May be involved in the hematopo [...] (777 aa) |
| | Prkn | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin; Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins, such as BCL2, SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPTIN5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746 and AIMP2. Mediates monoubiquitination as well as 'Lys-6', 'Lys-11', 'Lys-48'-linked and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context. Participates in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of mi [...] (464 aa) |
| | Tmem163 | Transmembrane protein 163; May bind zinc and other divalent cations and recruit them to vesicular organelles. (288 aa) |
| | Mme | Neprilysin; Thermolysin-like specificity, but is almost confined on acting on polypeptides of up to 30 amino acids. Biologically important in the destruction of opioid peptides such as Met- and Leu-enkephalins by cleavage of a Gly-Phe bond. Able to cleave angiotensin-1, angiotensin-2 and angiotensin 1-9. Involved in the degradation of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) (By similarity). Displays UV-inducible elastase activity toward skin preelastic and elastic fibers. (750 aa) |
| | Sema4c | Semaphorin-4C; Cell surface receptor for PLXNB2 that plays an important role in cell-cell signaling. PLXNB2 binding promotes downstream activation of RHOA and phosphorylation of ERBB2 at 'Tyr-1248'. Required for normal brain development, axon guidance and cell migration. Probable signaling receptor which may play a role in myogenic differentiation through activation of the stress-activated MAPK cascade. Belongs to the semaphorin family. (834 aa) |
| | Amph | Amphiphysin; May participate in mechanisms of regulated exocytosis in synapses and certain endocrine cell types. May control the properties of the membrane associated cytoskeleton (By similarity). (690 aa) |
| | Gabra2 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2; Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel. The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer. The a [...] (451 aa) |
| | Grin2a | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition; channels containing GRIN1 and GRIN2A have higher sensitivity to glutamate and faster kineti [...] (1464 aa) |
| | Sh3glb1 | Endophilin-B1; May be required for normal outer mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Required for coatomer-mediated retrograde transport in certain cells. May recruit other proteins to membranes with high curvature. May promote membrane fusion (By similarity). Involved in activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis by promoting BAX/BAK1 activation. Isoform 1 acts proapoptotic in fibroblasts. Involved in caspase- independent apoptosis during nutrition starvation and involved in the regulation of autophagy. Activates lipid kinase activity of PIK3C3 during autophagy probably by associating with [...] (386 aa) |
| | Rogdi | Protein rogdi homolog; Belongs to the rogdi family. (287 aa) |
| | Atp6v0e2 | V-type proton ATPase subunit e 2; Vacuolar ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. (112 aa) |
| | Picalm | Phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein; Cytoplasmic adapter protein that plays a critical role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis which is important in processes such as internalization of cell receptors, synaptic transmission or removal of apoptotic cells. Recruits AP-2 and attaches clathrin triskelions to the cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane leading to clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) assembly. Furthermore, regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation by directly sensing and driving membrane curvature. In addition to binding to clathrin, mediates the endocyto [...] (660 aa) |
| | Stx7 | Syntaxin-7; May be involved in protein trafficking from the plasma membrane to the early endosome (EE) as well as in homotypic fusion of endocytic organelles. Mediates the endocytic trafficking from early endosomes to late endosomes and lysosomes (By similarity). (261 aa) |
| | Syt7 | Synaptotagmin-7. (567 aa) |
| | Dnm1l | Dynamin-1-like protein; Functions in mitochondrial and peroxisomal division. Mediates membrane fission through oligomerization into membrane-associated tubular structures that wrap around the scission site to constrict and sever the mitochondrial membrane through a GTP hydrolysis-dependent mechanism. The specific recruitment at scission sites is mediated by membrane receptors like MFF, MIEF1 and MIEF2 for mitochondrial membranes. While the recruitment by the membrane receptors is GTP- dependent, the following hydrolysis of GTP induces the dissociation from the receptors and allows DNM1 [...] (716 aa) |
| | Gm49601 | Predicted gene, 49601; Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family. (365 aa) |
| | Calm1 | Calmodulin-1; Belongs to the calmodulin family. (197 aa) |
| | Grin2b | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. In concert with DAPK1 at extrasynaptic sites, acts as a central mediator for stroke damage. [...] (1482 aa) |
| | Adam10 | Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10; Cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TNF-alpha to its mature soluble form. Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface (By similarity). Responsible for the proteolytic release of several other cell-surface proteins, including heparin-binding epidermal growth-like factor, ephrin-A2, CD44, CDH2 and for constitutive and regulated alpha- secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) at '687-Lys-|- Leu-688' (By similarity). Contributes to the normal cleavage of the cellula [...] (749 aa) |
| | Ptprn2 | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated secretory processes. Required for normal accumulation of secretory vesicles in hippocampus, pituitary and pancreatic islets. Required for the accumulation of normal levels of insulin-containing vesicles and preventing their degradation. Plays a role in insulin secretion in response to glucose stimuli. Required for normal accumulation of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the brain. In females, but not in males, required for normal accumulation and secretion of pituitary hormones [...] (1001 aa) |
| | Ptprs | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S; Cell surface receptor that binds to glycosaminoglycans, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Binding to chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate proteoglycans has opposite effects on PTPRS oligomerization and regulation of neurite outgrowth. Contributes to the inhibition of neurite and axonal outgrowth by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, also after nerve transection. Plays a role in stimulating neurite outgrowth in response to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan GPC2. Required for normal brain develop [...] (1907 aa) |
| | Dlg1 | Disks large homolog 1; Essential multidomain scaffolding protein required for normal development. Recruits channels, receptors and signaling molecules to discrete plasma membrane domains in polarized cells. Regulates the excitability of cardiac myocytes by modulating the functional expression of Kv4 channels (By similarity). Functional regulator of Kv1.5 channel (By similarity). May play a role in adherens junction assembly, signal transduction, cell proliferation, synaptogenesis and lymphocyte activation. During long-term depression in hippocampal neurons, it recruits ADAM10 to the pl [...] (927 aa) |
| | Sytl5 | Synaptotagmin-like protein 5; May act as Rab effector protein and play a role in vesicle trafficking. Binds phospholipids (By similarity). (753 aa) |
| | Synpr | Synaptoporin; Intrinsic membrane protein of small synaptic vesicles. Probable vesicular channel protein (By similarity). (285 aa) |
| | Penk | Met-enkephalin-Arg-Ser-Leu; Met- and Leu-enkephalins compete with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress. PENK(114-133) and PENK(238-259) increase glutamate release in the striatum. PENK(114-133) decreases GABA concentration in the striatum. (268 aa) |
| | Ston1 | Stonin-1; May be involved in the endocytic machinery. (730 aa) |
| | Pi4k2a | Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-alpha; Membrane-bound phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase (PI4-kinase) that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), a lipid that plays important roles in endocytosis, Golgi function, protein sorting and membrane trafficking and is required for prolonged survival of neurons. Besides, phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) to phosphatidylinositol 4- phosphate (PI4P) is the first committed step in the generation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a precursor of the second mess [...] (479 aa) |
| | Madd | MAP kinase-activating death domain protein; Plays a significant role in regulating cell proliferation, survival and death through alternative mRNA splicing. Converts GDP- bound inactive form of RAB3A, RAB3C and RAB3D to the GTP-bound active forms. Component of the TNFRSF1A signaling complex: MADD links TNFRSF1A with MAP kinase activation. Plays an important regulatory role in physiological cell death (TNF-alpha-induced, caspase-mediated apoptosis). (1627 aa) |
| | Syp | Synaptophysin; Possibly involved in structural functions as organizing other membrane components or in targeting the vesicles to the plasma membrane (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity; Belongs to the synaptophysin/synaptobrevin family. (314 aa) |
| | Atp6v1g2 | V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2; Catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. (118 aa) |
| | Stx3 | Syntaxin-3; Potentially involved in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (289 aa) |
| | Doc2a | Double C2-like domain-containing protein alpha; Calcium sensor which most probably regulates fusion of vesicles with membranes. Binds calcium and phospholipids. May be involved in calcium dependent neurotransmitter release through the interaction with UNC13A. May be involved in calcium-dependent spontaneous release of neurotransmitter in absence of action potentials in neuronal cells. Regulates Ca(2+)-dependent secretory lysosome exocytosis in mast cells. (405 aa) |
| | Syt5 | Synaptotagmin-5; May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. Regulates the Ca(2+)-dependent secretion of norepinephrine in PC12 cells. Required for export from the endocytic recycling compartment to the cell surface; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (386 aa) |
| | Rab13 | Ras-related protein Rab-13; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab is involved in endocytic recycling and regulates the transport to the plasma membrane of transmembrane proteins like the tight junction protein OCLN/occludin. Thereby, it regu [...] (202 aa) |
| | Dtnbp1 | Dysbindin; Component of the BLOC-1 complex, a complex that is required for normal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LRO), such as platelet dense granules and melanosomes. In concert with the AP-3 complex, the BLOC-1 complex is required to target membrane protein cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals. The BLOC-1 complex, in association with SNARE proteins, is also proposed to be involved in neurite extension. Associates with the BLOC-2 complex to facilitate the transport of TYRP1 independent of AP-3 function. Plays a role i [...] (352 aa) |
| | Dnajc5 | DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 5; Acts as a co-chaperone for the SNARE protein SNAP-25. Involved in the calcium-mediated control of a late stage of exocytosis. Acts as a general chaperone in regulated exocytosis (By similarity). May have an important role in presynaptic function (By similarity). May be involved in calcium- dependent neurotransmitter release at nerve endings (By similarity). (198 aa) |
| | Wdr7 | WD repeat-containing protein 7. (1489 aa) |
| | Syt9 | Synaptotagmin-9; May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (491 aa) |
| | Lamp5 | Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 5; Plays a role in short-term synaptic plasticity in a subset of GABAergic neurons in the brain; Belongs to the LAMP family. (280 aa) |
| | Gm49486 | Galectin. (530 aa) |
| | Slc9b2 | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9B2; Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that extrudes Na(+) or Li(+) in exchange for external protons across the membrane. Contributes to the regulation of intracellular pH, sodium homeostasis, and cell volume. Plays an important role for insulin secretion and clathrin-mediated endocytosis in beta-cells. Involved in sperm motility and fertility. It is controversial whether SLC9B2 plays a role in osteoclast differentiation or not. Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family. (547 aa) |
| | Aph1a | Gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A; Non-catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Required for normal gamma-secretase assembly. The gamma-secretase complex plays a role in Notch and Wnt signaling cascades and regulation of downstream processes via its role in processing key regulatory proteins, and by regulating cytosolic CTNNB1 levels (Probable). (265 aa) |
| | Bdnf | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Important signaling molecule that activates signaling cascades downstream of NTRK2. During development, promotes the survival and differentiation of selected neuronal populations of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Participates in axonal growth, pathfinding and in the modulation of dendritic growth and morphology. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentia [...] (257 aa) |
| | Ntf5 | Neurotrophin-4; Could serve as a target-derived trophic factor for sensory and sympathetic neurons; Belongs to the NGF-beta family. (209 aa) |
| | Rab2a | Ras-related protein Rab-2A; Required for protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. (212 aa) |
| | Vti1b | Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs homolog 1B; V-SNARE that mediates vesicle transport pathways through interactions with t-SNAREs on the target membrane. These interactions are proposed to mediate aspects of the specificity of vesicle trafficking and to promote fusion of the lipid bilayers. (232 aa) |
| | Kif1b | Kinesin-like protein KIF1B; Motor for anterograde transport of mitochondria. Has a microtubule plus end-directed motility. (1816 aa) |
| | Btbd8 | BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 8. (443 aa) |
| | Rnf112 | RING finger protein 112; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in neuronal differentiation, including neurogenesis and gliogenesis, during brain development. During embryonic development initiates neuronal differentiation by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase through up-regulation of cell-cycle regulatory proteins. Plays a role not only in the fetal period during the development of the nervous system, but also in the adult brain, where it is involved in the maintenance of neural functions and protection of the nervous tissue cells from oxidative stress-ind [...] (654 aa) |
| | Slc17a5 | Sialin; Transports glucuronic acid and free sialic acid out of the lysosome after it is cleaved from sialoglycoconjugates undergoing degradation, this is required for normal CNS myelination. Mediates aspartate and glutamate membrane potential-dependent uptake into synaptic vesicles and synaptic-like microvesicles. Also functions as an electrogenic 2NO(3)(-)/H(+) cotransporter in the plasma membrane of salivary gland acinar cells, mediating the physiological nitrate efflux, 25% of the circulating nitrate ions is typically removed and secreted in saliva (By similarity). (495 aa) |
| | Stx19 | Syntaxin-19; Plays a role in endosomal trafficking of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). (292 aa) |
| | Marcksl1 | MARCKS-related protein; Involved in the control of cell movement by regulating actin cytoskeleton homeostasis and filopodium and lamellipodium formation. When unphosphorylated, induces cell migration. When phosphorylated by MAPK8, induces actin bundles formation and stabilization, thereby reducing actin plasticity, hence restricting cell movement, including neuronal migration. May be involved in coupling the protein kinase C and calmodulin signal transduction systems (Probable). (200 aa) |
| | Syt12 | Synaptotagmin-12; Synaptic vesicle phosphoprotein that enhances spontaneous neurotransmitter release but does not effect induced neurotransmitter release (By similarity). Unlike other synaptotagmins, it does not bind Ca(2+) or phospholipids (By similarity). Essential for mossy-fiber long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. (421 aa) |
| | Ston2 | Stonin-2; Adapter protein involved in endocytic machinery. Involved in the synaptic vesicle recycling. May facilitate clathrin-coated vesicle uncoating (By similarity). (895 aa) |
| | Cltb | Clathrin light chain B; Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles; Belongs to the clathrin light chain family. (229 aa) |
| | Lrrk2 | Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which phosphorylates a broad range of proteins involved in multiple processes such as neuronal plasticity, autophagy, and vesicle trafficking. Is a key regulator of RAB GTPases by regulating the GTP/GDP exchange and interaction partners of RABs through phosphorylation. Phosphorylates RAB3A, RAB3B, RAB3C, RAB3D, RAB8A, RAB8B, RAB10, RAB12, RAB35, and RAB43. Regulates the RAB3IP-catalyzed GDP/GTP exchange for RAB8A through the phosphorylation of 'Thr-72' on RAB8A (By similarity). Inhibits the interacti [...] (2527 aa) |
| | Vamp7 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7; Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane during transport of proteins from the early endosome to the lysosome. Required for heterotypic fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes and homotypic lysosomal fusion. Required for calcium regulated lysosomal exocytosis. Involved in the export of chylomicrons from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cis Golgi. Required for exocytosis of mediators during eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation, and target cell killing by natural killer cells. Required for focal exocy [...] (220 aa) |
| | Exoc4 | Exocyst complex component 4; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC8 family. (975 aa) |
| | Svop | Synaptic vesicle 2-related protein. (548 aa) |
| | Oprd1 | Delta-type opioid receptor; G-protein coupled receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous enkephalins and for a subset of other opioids. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. Inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance. Plays a role in the perception of pain and in opiate-mediated analgesia. [...] (372 aa) |
| | Calm2 | Calmodulin 2. (149 aa) |
| | Pebp1 | Hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide; Binds ATP, opioids and phosphatidylethanolamine. Has lower affinity for phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. Serine protease inhibitor which inhibits thrombin, neuropsin and chymotrypsin but not trypsin, tissue type plasminogen activator and elastase. Inhibits the kinase activity of RAF1 by inhibiting its activation and by dissociating the RAF1/MEK complex and acting as a competitive inhibitor of MEK phosphorylation (By similarity). (187 aa) |
| | Cops4 | COP9 signalosome complex subunit 4; Component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes (By similarity). The CSN complex is an essential regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunits of SCF-type E3 ligase complexes, leading to decrease the Ubl ligase activity of SCF-type complexes such as SCF, CSA or DDB2 (By similarity). Also involved in the deneddylation of non-cullin subunits such as STON2 (By similarity). The complex is also involved in phosphorylation of p53 [...] (406 aa) |
| | Wfs1 | Wolframin; Participates in the regulation of cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, at least partly, by modulating the filling state of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) store. (890 aa) |
| | Syngr4 | Synaptogyrin-4. (233 aa) |
| | Slc18a1 | Chromaffin granule amine transporter; Involved in the transport of biogenic monoamines, such as serotonin, from the cytoplasm into the secretory vesicles of neuroendocrine and endocrine cells. (521 aa) |
| | Cplx3 | Complexin-3; Complexin that regulates SNARE protein complex-mediated synaptic vesicle fusion. Required for the maintenance of synaptic ultrastructure in the adult retina. Positively regulates synaptic transmission through synaptic vesicle availability and exocytosis of neurotransmitters at photoreceptor ribbon synapses in the retina. Suppresses tonic photoreceptor activity and baseline 'noise' by suppression of Ca(2+) vesicle tonic release and the facilitation of evoked synchronous and asynchronous Ca(2+) vesicle release. (158 aa) |
| | Lgi3 | Leucine-rich repeat LGI family member 3; May participate in the regulation of neuronal exocytosis. (548 aa) |
| | Stx11 | Syntaxin-11; SNARE that acts to regulate protein transport between late endosomes and the trans-Golgi network. (287 aa) |
| | Rab26 | Ras-related protein Rab-26; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. Mediates transport of ADRA2A and ADRA2B from the Golgi to the cell membrane. Plays a role in the maturation of zymogenic granules and in pepsinogen secretion in the stomach (By similari [...] (260 aa) |
| | Npy1r | Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1; Receptor for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY. (382 aa) |
| | Gria1 | Glutamate receptor 1; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulati [...] (907 aa) |
| | Akap7 | A-kinase anchor protein 7 isoform gamma; Probably targets cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) to the cellular membrane or cytoskeletal structures. The membrane-associated form reduces epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity, whereas the free cytoplasmic form may negatively regulate ENaC channel feedback inhibition by intracellular sodium (By similarity). (314 aa) |
| | Rab8b | Ras-related protein Rab-8B; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab may be involved in polarized vesicular trafficking and neurotransmitter release. May participate in cell junction dynamics in Sertoli cells (By similarity). (207 aa) |
| | Ica1 | Islet cell autoantigen 1; May play a role in neurotransmitter secretion. (478 aa) |
| | Otof | Otoferlin; Key calcium ion sensor involved in the Ca(2+)-triggered synaptic vesicle-plasma membrane fusion and in the control of neurotransmitter release at these output synapses. Interacts in a calcium-dependent manner to the presynaptic SNARE proteins at ribbon synapses of cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) to trigger exocytosis of neurotransmitter. Also essential to synaptic exocytosis in immature outer hair cells (OHCs). May also play a role within the recycling of endosomes. (1997 aa) |
| | Unc13d | Protein unc-13 homolog D; Plays a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes. Required for both granule maturation and granule docking and priming at the immunologic synapse. Regulates assembly of recycling and late endosomal structures, leading to the formation of an endosomal exocytic compartment that fuses with perforin-containing granules at the immunologic synapse and licences them for exocytosis (By similarity). Regulates Ca(2+)-dependent secretory lysosome exocytosis in mast cells. (1083 aa) |
| | Gria2 | Glutamate receptor 2; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (883 aa) |
| | Drd2 | D(2) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (444 aa) |
| | Brsk1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase BRSK1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a key role in polarization of neurons and centrosome duplication. Phosphorylates CDC25B, CDC25C, MAPT/TAU, RIMS1, TUBG1, TUBG2 and WEE1. Following phosphorylation and activation by STK11/LKB1, acts as a key regulator of polarization of cortical neurons, probably by mediating phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins such as MAPT/TAU at 'Thr-504' and 'Ser-554'. Also regulates neuron polarization by mediating phosphorylation of WEE1 at 'Ser-642' in postmitotic neurons, leading to down-regulate WEE1 [...] (778 aa) |
| | Kcnk9 | Potassium channel subfamily K member 9; pH-dependent, voltage-insensitive, background potassium channel protein. (402 aa) |
| | Sypl | Synaptophysin-like protein 1. (261 aa) |
| | Rabac1 | Prenylated Rab acceptor protein 1; General Rab protein regulator required for vesicle formation from the Golgi complex. May control vesicle docking and fusion by mediating the action of Rab GTPases to the SNARE complexes. In addition it inhibits the removal of Rab GTPases from the membrane by GDI1 (By similarity); Belongs to the PRA1 family. (185 aa) |
| | Mff | Mitochondrial fission factor; Plays a role in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Promotes the recruitment and association of the fission mediator dynamin-related protein 1 (DNM1L) to the mitochondrial surface. May be involved in regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane dynamics by recruitment of DNM1L to clathrin-containing vesicles. Belongs to the Tango11 family. (291 aa) |
| | Rph3a | Rabphilin-3A; Plays an essential role in docking and fusion steps of regulated exocytosis (By similarity). At the presynaptic level, RPH3A is recruited by RAB3A to the synaptic vesicle membrane in a GTP- dependent manner where it modulates synaptic vesicle trafficking and calcium-triggered neurotransmitter release (By similarity). In the post-synaptic compartment, forms a ternary complex with GRIN2A and DLG4 and regulates NMDA receptor stability. Plays also a role in the exocytosis of arginine vasopressin hormone (By similarity). (681 aa) |
| | Mctp2 | Multiple C2 and transmembrane domain-containing protein 2; Might play a role in the development of cardiac outflow tract; Belongs to the MCTP family. (878 aa) |
| | Apc | Adenomatous polyposis coli protein; Tumor suppressor. Promotes rapid degradation of CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling as a negative regulator. APC activity is correlated with its phosphorylation state. Activates the GEF activity of SPATA13 and ARHGEF4. Plays a role in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)- induced cell migration (By similarity). Required for MMP9 up-regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. Acts as a mediator of ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It is required for the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane a [...] (2842 aa) |
| | Syt17 | Synaptotagmin-17; Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (470 aa) |
| | Syn1 | Synapsin-1; Neuronal phosphoprotein that coats synaptic vesicles, binds to the cytoskeleton, and is believed to function in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Regulation of neurotransmitter release. The complex formed with NOS1 and CAPON proteins is necessary for specific nitric-oxide functions at a presynaptic level. (706 aa) |
| | Cln3 | Battenin; Involved in microtubule-dependent, anterograde transport of late endosomes and lysosomes. (438 aa) |
| | Slc17a7 | Vesicular glutamate transporter 1; Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. (560 aa) |
| | Stx16 | Syntaxin-16; SNARE involved in vesicular transport from the late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (326 aa) |
| | Cttnbp2 | Cortactin-binding protein 2; Regulates the dendritic spine distribution of CTTN/cortactin in hippocampal neurons, and thus controls dendritic spinogenesis and dendritic spine maintenance. (1648 aa) |
| | Syt6 | Synaptotagmin-6; May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis (By similarity). May mediate Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis in acrosomal reaction in sperm ; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (511 aa) |
| | Dnm1 | Dynamin-1; Microtubule-associated force-producing protein involved in producing microtubule bundles and able to bind and hydrolyze GTP. Most probably involved in vesicular trafficking processes. Involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis (By similarity). (864 aa) |
| | Rab4b | Ras-related protein Rab-4B; Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic (By similarity); Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (213 aa) |
| | Slc5a7 | High affinity choline transporter 1; Transmembrane transporter that imports choline from the extracellular space to the neuron with high affinity. Choline uptake is the rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis. Sodium ion- and chloride ion-dependent; Belongs to the sodium:solute symporter (SSF) (TC 2.A.21) family. (580 aa) |
| | Vti1a | Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs homolog 1A; V-SNARE that mediates vesicle transport pathways through interactions with t-SNAREs on the target membrane. These interactions are proposed to mediate aspects of the specificity of vesicle trafficking and to promote fusion of the lipid bilayers. Involved in vesicular transport from the late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Along with VAMP7, involved in an non-conventional RAB1-dependent traffic route to the cell surface used by KCNIP1 and KCND2. May be concerned with increased secretion of cytokines associated with ce [...] (217 aa) |
| | Sept5 | Septin-5; Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase (By similarity). Involved in cytokinesis (Potential). May play a role in platelet secretion; Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family. (369 aa) |
| | Sytl3 | Synaptotagmin-like protein 3; May act as Rab effector protein and play a role in vesicle trafficking. Binds phospholipids in the presence of calcium ions. (607 aa) |
| | Snap91 | Clathrin coat assembly protein AP180; Adaptins are components of the adaptor complexes which link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. Clathrin-associated protein complexes are believed to interact with the cytoplasmic tails of membrane proteins, leading to their selection and concentration. Binding of AP180 to clathrin triskelia induces their assembly into 60- 70 nm coats; Belongs to the PICALM/SNAP91 family. (838 aa) |
| | Iqsec1 | IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ARF1 and ARF6. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity is enhanced by lipid binding. Accelerates GTP binding by ARFs of all three classes. Guanine nucleotide exchange protein for ARF6, mediating internalisation of beta-1 integrin. (1099 aa) |
| | Psen1 | Presenilin-1 CTF subunit; Catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Requires the presence of the other members of the gamma-secretase complex for protease activity (By similarity). Plays a role in Notch and Wnt signaling cascades and regulation of downstream processes via its role in processing key regulatory proteins, and by regulating cytosolic CTNNB1 levels. Stimulates cell-cell adhesion via its interaction with CD [...] (467 aa) |
| | Dgki | Diacylglycerol kinase. (1071 aa) |
| | Atp6v0a1 | V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform 1; Required for assembly and activity of the vacuolar ATPase. Potential role in differential targeting and regulation of the enzyme for a specific organelle (By similarity). (839 aa) |
| | Cltc | Clathrin heavy chain 1; Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles. Two different adapter protein complexes link the clathrin lattice either to the plasma membrane or to the trans- Golgi network. Acts as component of the TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex proposed to contribute to stabilization of kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle by acting as inter-microtubule bridge. The TACC3/ch- TOG/clathrin complex is required for the maintenance of kinetochore fiber tension. Plays a role in early autophagosome formation. (1675 aa) |
| | Trpm7 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7; Essential ion channel and serine/threonine-protein kinase. Divalent cation channel permeable to calcium and magnesium. Has a central role in magnesium ion homeostasis and in the regulation of anoxic neuronal cell death. Involved in TNF-induced necroptosis downstream of MLKL by mediating calcium influx. The kinase activity is essential for the channel function. May be involved in a fundamental process that adjusts plasma membrane divalent cation fluxes according to the metabolic state of the cell. Phosphorylates annexin A [...] (1863 aa) |
| | Vdac1 | Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1; Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane and also the plasma membrane. The channel at the outer mitochondrial membrane allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules; in the plasma membrane it is involved in cell volume regulation and apoptosis. It adopts an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV. The open state has a weak anion selectivity whereas the closed state is cation-selective. May participate in the formation of the permeability transition p [...] (283 aa) |
| | Syt1 | Synaptotagmin-1; Calcium sensor that participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse. May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone. A Ca(2+)- dependent interaction between synaptotagmin and putative receptors for activated protein kinase C has also been reported. It can bind to at least three additional proteins in a Ca(2+)-independent manner; these are neur [...] (421 aa) |
| | Igf1 | Insulin-like growth factor I; The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation (By similarity). Ca(2 [...] (159 aa) |
| | Cbarp | Voltage-dependent calcium channel beta subunit-associated regulatory protein; Negatively regulates voltage-gated calcium channels by preventing the interaction between their alpha and beta subunits. Thereby, negatively regulates calcium channels activity at the plasma membrane and indirectly inhibits calcium-regulated exocytosis. (698 aa) |
| | Rab40b | Ras-related protein Rab-40B; May be a substrate-recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin-Cullin-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (279 aa) |
| | Stx1b | Syntaxin-1B; Potentially involved in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones (By similarity). May mediate Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis acrosomal reaction in sperm; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (288 aa) |
| | Sept1 | Septin-1; Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase (By similarity). May play a role in cytokinesis (Potential). (366 aa) |
| | Rab3b | Ras-related protein Rab-3B; Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic (By similarity). (219 aa) |
| | Pde4b | Phosphodiesterase. (721 aa) |
| | Ngf | Beta-nerve growth factor; Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. Extracellular ligand for the NTRK1 and NGFR receptors, activates cellular signaling cascades to regulate neuronal proliferation, differentiation and survival. The immature NGF precursor (proNGF) functions as ligand for the heterodimeric receptor formed by SORCS2 and NGFR, and activates cellular signaling cascades that lead to inactivation of RAC1 and/or RAC2, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and neuronal growth cone collapse. In contrast [...] (307 aa) |
| | Dlg2 | Disks large homolog 2; Required for perception of chronic pain through NMDA receptor signaling. Regulates surface expression of NMDA receptors in dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord. Interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA receptor subunits as well as inward rectifying potassium channels. Involved in regulation of synaptic stability at cholinergic synapses. Part of the postsynaptic protein scaffold of excitatory synapses. (852 aa) |
| | Syt11 | Synaptotagmin-11; Synaptotagmin family member involved in vesicular and membrane trafficking which does not bind Ca(2+) (Probable). Inhibits clathrin-mediated and bulk endocytosis, functions to ensure precision in vesicle retrieval. Plays an important role in dopamine transmission by regulating endocytosis and the vesicle- recycling process. Essential component of a neuronal vesicular trafficking pathway that differs from the synaptic vesicle trafficking pathway but is crucial for development and synaptic plasticity. In macrophages and microglia, inhibits the conventional cytokine secr [...] (430 aa) |
| | Clta | Clathrin light chain A; Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles. Acts as component of the TACC3/ch- TOG/clathrin complex proposed to contribute to stabilization of kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle by acting as inter- microtubule bridge (By similarity). (248 aa) |
| | Unc13b | Protein unc-13 homolog B; Plays a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. Is involved in neurotransmitter release by acting in synaptic vesicle priming prior to vesicle fusion and participates in the activity-depending refilling of readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP) (By similarity). Essential for synaptic vesicle maturation in a subset of excitatory/glutamatergic but not inhibitory/GABA-mediated synapses. In collaboration with UNC13A, facilitates neuronal dense core vesicles fusion as well as controls the location and [...] (1602 aa) |
| | Dlg4 | Disks large homolog 4; Interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA receptor subunits and shaker-type potassium channels. Required for synaptic plasticity associated with NMDA receptor signaling. Overexpression or depletion of DLG4 changes the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses in hippocampal neurons. May reduce the amplitude of ASIC3 acid-evoked currents by retaining the channel intracellularly. May regulate the intracellular trafficking of ADR1B. Also regulates AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) immobilization at postsynaptic density keeping the channels in an activated stat [...] (724 aa) |
| | Mctp1 | Multiple C2 and transmembrane domain-containing protein 1; Calcium sensor which is essential for the stabilization of normal baseline neurotransmitter release and for the induction and long-term maintenance of presynaptic homeostatic plasticity. (694 aa) |
| | Bcl2l1 | Bcl-2-like protein 1; Potent inhibitor of cell death. Inhibits activation of caspases. Appears to regulate cell death by blocking the voltage- dependent anion channel (VDAC) by binding to it and preventing the release of the caspase activator, CYC1, from the mitochondrial membrane. Also acts as a regulator of G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosis. Isoform Bcl-X(S) promotes apoptosis; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (233 aa) |
| | Tmed9 | Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 9; Appears to be involved in vesicular protein trafficking, mainly in the early secretory pathway. In COPI vesicle-mediated retrograde transport involved in the coatomer recruitment to membranes of the early secretory pathway. Increases coatomer-dependent activity of ARFGAP2. Thought to play a crucial role in the specific retention of p24 complexes in cis-Golgi membranes; specifically contributes to the coupled localization of TMED2 and TMED10 in the cis-Golgi network. May be involved in organization of intracellular membranes, such as of t [...] (235 aa) |
| | Sv2a | Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A; Plays a role in the control of regulated secretion in neural and endocrine cells, enhancing selectively low-frequency neurotransmission. Positively regulates vesicle fusion by maintaining the readily releasable pool of secretory vesicles. (Microbial infection) Possible receptor for C.botulinum neurotoxin type D (BoNT/D, botD); BoNT/D does not bind to extracellular loop 4 as do BoNT/A and BoNT/E. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. (742 aa) |
| | Syt15 | Synaptotagmin-15; May be involved in the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in non-neuronal tissues; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (418 aa) |
| | Slc32a1 | Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter; Involved in the uptake of GABA and glycine into the synaptic vesicles. (525 aa) |
| | Scamp5 | Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 5; Required for the calcium-dependent exocytosis of signal sequence-containing cytokines such as CCL5. Probably acts in cooperation with the SNARE machinery (By similarity). (235 aa) |
| | Bsn | Protein bassoon; Scaffold protein of the presynaptic cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ) which is the place in the synapse where neurotransmitter is released. After synthesis, participates in the formation of Golgi-derived membranous organelles termed Piccolo-Bassoon transport vesicles (PTVs) that are transported along axons to sites of nascent synaptic contacts (By similarity). At the presynaptic active zone, regulates the spatial organization of synaptic vesicle cluster, the protein complexes that execute membrane fusion and compensatory endocytosis (By similarity). Functions also in [...] (3942 aa) |
| | Cyp19a1 | Aromatase; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of C19 androgens, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (androstenedione) and testosterone to the C18 estrogens, estrone and estradiol, respectively. Catalyzes three successive oxidations of C19 androgens: two conventional oxidations at C19 yielding 19-hydroxy and 19-oxo/19- aldehyde derivatives, followed by a third oxidative aromatization step that involves C1-beta hydrogen abstraction combined with cleavage of the C10-C19 bond to yield a phenolic A ring and formic acid. Alternatively, the third oxidative reaction yields a 19 [...] (503 aa) |
| | Trappc4 | Trafficking protein particle complex subunit 4; May play a role in vesicular transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. May play a role in dendrite postsynaptic membrane trafficking; Belongs to the TRAPP small subunits family. TRAPPC4 subfamily. (219 aa) |
| | Bace1 | Beta-secretase 1; Responsible for the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Cleaves at the N-terminus of the A-beta peptide sequence, between residues 671 and 672 of APP, leads to the generation and extracellular release of beta-cleaved soluble APP, and a corresponding cell-associated C-terminal fragment which is later released by gamma-secretase. Cleaves CHL1. (501 aa) |
| | Mtmr2 | Myotubularin-related protein 2; Phosphatase that acts on lipids with a phosphoinositol headgroup. Has phosphatase activity towards pho sphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,5- bisphosphate. Binds phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5- trisphosphate. Stabilizes SBF2/MTMR13 at the membranes. Specifically in peripheral nerves, stabilizes SBF2/MTMR13 protein. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class myotubularin subfamily. (643 aa) |
| | D230025D16Rik | UPF0183 protein C16orf70 homolog; Belongs to the UPF0183 family. (422 aa) |
| | Mt3 | Metallothionein-3; Binds heavy metals. Contains three zinc and three copper atoms per polypeptide chain and only a negligible amount of cadmium. Inhibits survival and neurite formation of cortical neurons in vitro (By similarity); Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. (68 aa) |
| | Lamp1 | Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1; Presents carbohydrate ligands to selectins. Also implicated in tumor cell metastasis. (406 aa) |
| | Sytl4 | Synaptotagmin-like protein 4; Modulates exocytosis of dense-core granules and secretion of hormones in the pancreas and the pituitary. Interacts with vesicles containing negatively charged phospholipids in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. (673 aa) |
| | Cdk16 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 16; Protein kinase that plays a role in vesicle-mediated transport processes and exocytosis. Can phosphorylate CCNY at 'Ser-336' (in vitro) (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to changes in blood glucose levels. Regulates GH1 release by brain neurons. Phosphorylates NSF, and thereby regulates NSF oligomerization. Required for normal spermatogenesis. Regulates neuron differentiation and dendrite development. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily. (496 aa) |
| | Atp6ap2 | Renin receptor extracellular fragment; Multifunctional protein which functions as a renin, prorenin cellular receptor and is involved in the assembly of the proton- transporting vacuolar (V)-ATPase protein pump. May mediate renin- dependent cellular responses by activating ERK1 and ERK2. By increasing the catalytic efficiency of renin in AGT/angiotensinogen conversion to angiotensin I, it may also play a role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (By similarity). Probably by controlling the assembly of the V- ATPase pump and thus the acidification of the endo-lysosomal system, plays a [...] (350 aa) |
| | Ptpn5 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 5; May regulate the activity of several effector molecules involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal cell survival, including MAPKs, Src family kinases and NMDA receptors; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class subfamily. (541 aa) |
| | Abcc8 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 8. (1588 aa) |
| | Stx4a | Syntaxin-4; Plasma membrane t-SNARE that mediates docking of transport vesicles. Necessary for the translocation of SLC2A4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. Together with STXB3 and VAMP2, may also play a role in docking/fusion of intracellular GLUT4-containing vesicles with the cell surface in adipocytes and in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (298 aa) |
| | Rab6a | Ras-related protein Rab-6A; Protein transport. Regulator of membrane traffic from the Golgi apparatus towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Involved in COPI-independent retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER (By similarity); Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (208 aa) |
