STRINGSTRING
Syt17 Syt17 Nfe2l1 Nfe2l1 Tlr9 Tlr9 Slc41a1 Slc41a1 Pkd2 Pkd2 Wnk1 Wnk1 Gpr39 Gpr39 Myog Myog Parp1 Parp1 Hspa5 Hspa5 Gsn Gsn Syt13 Syt13 Capn3 Capn3 Syt6 Syt6 Prnp Prnp Sumo1 Sumo1 Hfe Hfe Fbp1 Fbp1 Syt7 Syt7 Slc34a1 Slc34a1 Crhbp Crhbp Id2 Id2 Cyp1a1 Cyp1a1 Ryr3 Ryr3 Kcnb1 Kcnb1 Mef2c Mef2c Grin2a Grin2a Tfr2 Tfr2 Nlgn1 Nlgn1 Carf Carf Nek7 Nek7 Slfn14 Slfn14 Doxl2 Doxl2 Ank3 Ank3 Ryr1 Ryr1 Mapk9 Mapk9 Adcy7 Adcy7 Kcnj1 Kcnj1 Daxx Daxx Iqgap1 Iqgap1 Bmp6 Bmp6 Nrxn1 Nrxn1 Aoc1 Aoc1 Rasal1 Rasal1 Becn1 Becn1 Mef2a Mef2a Syt8 Syt8 Scn5a Scn5a Syt2 Syt2 Syt3 Syt3 Hpca Hpca Slc12a2 Slc12a2 Add1 Add1 Snca Snca Rasgrp2 Rasgrp2 Dmtn Dmtn Tfap2a Tfap2a Foxa2 Foxa2 Gsk3a Gsk3a Eif2s1 Eif2s1 Alox5ap Alox5ap Syt5 Syt5 Itpkb Itpkb Smpd3 Smpd3 Cpne8 Cpne8 Mapk1 Mapk1 Cdkn1b Cdkn1b Wnt5a Wnt5a Junb Junb Prkaa1 Prkaa1 Acer1 Acer1 Glra2 Glra2 Guca1a Guca1a Creb1 Creb1 Atp7a Atp7a Syt12 Syt12 Kcna1 Kcna1 Fn1 Fn1 Kcnj10 Kcnj10 Lrrk2 Lrrk2 Mapk3 Mapk3 Cpne4 Cpne4 Tigar Tigar Cer1 Cer1 Eef2k Eef2k Cpne2 Cpne2 Svs1 Svs1 Inhbb Inhbb Crp Crp Cpne9 Cpne9 Hnrnpa1 Hnrnpa1 Smpd1 Smpd1 Cpne7 Cpne7 Hesx1 Hesx1 Clic4 Clic4 Neurod2 Neurod2 Slc25a23 Slc25a23 Atp13a2 Atp13a2 Gabrb3 Gabrb3 Rasa4 Rasa4 Tspo Tspo Syt15 Syt15 Akt1 Akt1 Braf Braf Shh Shh Ncstn Ncstn Fosb Fosb Itpkc Itpkc Calr Calr Nqo1 Nqo1 Mcoln1 Mcoln1 Aqp1 Aqp1 App App Hmox1 Hmox1 Trf Trf Ptgs2 Ptgs2 Cyp1a2 Cyp1a2 Ireb2 Ireb2 Bace1 Bace1 Mt1 Mt1 Mt2 Mt2 Mt3 Mt3 Mt4 Mt4 Eif2ak3 Eif2ak3 Star Star Mecp2 Mecp2 Chp2 Chp2 Ogg1 Ogg1 Doxl1 Doxl1 Hsf1 Hsf1 Syt9 Syt9 P2rx4 P2rx4 Itpka Itpka Mtf1 Mtf1 A3galt2 A3galt2 Prkaa2 Prkaa2 Cpne3 Cpne3 Lce1d Lce1d Slc25a24 Slc25a24 Syt10 Syt10 Map1lc3a Map1lc3a Fabp4 Fabp4 Cyp2a5 Cyp2a5 Atp7b Atp7b Tph2 Tph2 Endog Endog Cybb Cybb Hspa8 Hspa8 Ncf1 Ncf1 Mmp9 Mmp9 Alox15 Alox15 Dpep1 Dpep1 Hsd17b1 Hsd17b1 Egfr Egfr Adcy1 Adcy1 Slc13a5 Slc13a5 Lgmn Lgmn Fos Fos Gpld1 Gpld1 Edn1 Edn1 Ppif Ppif Mapk8 Mapk8 Adcy8 Adcy8 Cldn1 Cldn1 Cpne6 Cpne6 Glra1 Glra1 Asph Asph Tfrc Tfrc Mylk Mylk Hrg Hrg Aqp2 Aqp2 Nfatc4 Nfatc4 Cpne5 Cpne5 Syt4 Syt4 Fas Fas Slc1a1 Slc1a1 Chuk Chuk Nptx1 Nptx1 Slc40a1 Slc40a1 Abcb6 Abcb6 Serpinf1 Serpinf1 Pparg Pparg Cdh1 Cdh1 Glra3 Glra3 Th Th Cpne1 Cpne1 Atf4 Atf4 Nfatc3 Nfatc3 Dlg4 Dlg4 Ect2 Ect2 Syt11 Syt11 Alad Alad Dlg2 Dlg2 Jun Jun Fus Fus Bnip3 Bnip3 Jund Jund Lig4 Lig4 Adgrv1 Adgrv1 Cebpa Cebpa Sox2 Sox2 Hvcn1 Hvcn1 Kcnk3 Kcnk3 Krt10 Krt10 B2m B2m Nfe2l2 Nfe2l2 Stk39 Stk39 Syt1 Syt1 Trpm2 Trpm2 Kcnh1 Kcnh1 Cacna1h Cacna1h Plcg2 Plcg2
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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Syt17Synaptotagmin-17; Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (470 aa)
Nfe2l1Endoplasmic reticulum membrane sensor NFE2L1; [Endoplasmic reticulum membrane sensor NFE2L1]: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane sensor that translocates into the nucleus in response to various stresses to act as a transcription factor. Constitutes a precursor of the transcription factor NRF1. Able to detect various cellular stresses, such as cholesterol excess, oxidative stress or proteasome inhibition. In response to stress, it is released from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane following cleavage by the protease DDI2 and translocates into the nucleus to form the transcription factor NRF [...] (741 aa)
Tlr9Toll-like receptor 9; Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll- like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR9 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by unmethylated cytidine- phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Plays a role in defense against systemic mouse cytomegalovirus infection. Controls lymphocyte response to Helicobacter infection. Upon CpG stimulatio [...] (1032 aa)
Slc41a1Solute carrier family 41 member 1; Acts as a magnesium transporter that is responsive to magnesium balance; Belongs to the SLC41A transporter family. (512 aa)
Pkd2Polycystin-2; Component of a heteromeric calcium-permeable ion channel formed by PKD1 and PKD2 that is activated by interaction between PKD1 and a Wnt family member, such as WNT3A and WNT9B. Can also form a functional, homotetrameric ion channel. Functions as a cation channel involved in fluid-flow mechanosensation by the primary cilium in renal epithelium. Functions as outward-rectifying K(+) channel, but is also permeable to Ca(2+), and to a much lesser degree also to Na(+). May contribute to the release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). Together with T [...] (966 aa)
Wnk1Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK1; Serine/threonine kinase which plays an important role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, cell signaling, survival, and proliferation. Acts as an activator and inhibitor of sodium-coupled chloride cotransporters and potassium-coupled chloride cotransporters respectively. Activates SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1D and SGK1. Controls sodium and chloride ion transport by inhibiting the activity of WNK4, by either phosphorylating the kinase or via an interaction between WNK4 and the autoinhibitory domain of WNK1. WNK4 regulates the activity of the thia [...] (2635 aa)
Gpr39G-protein coupled receptor 39; Zn(2+) acts as an agonist (By similarity). This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated mainly through G(q)-alpha and G(12)/G(13) proteins. Involved in regulation of body weight, gastrointestinal mobility, hormone secretion and cell death; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (456 aa)
MyogMyogenin; Acts as a transcriptional activator that promotes transcription of muscle-specific target genes and plays a role in muscle differentiation, cell cycle exit and muscle atrophy. Essential for the development of functional embryonic skeletal fiber muscle differentiation. However is dispensable for postnatal skeletal muscle growth; phosphorylation by CAMK2G inhibits its transcriptional activity in respons to muscle activity. Required for the recruitment of the FACT complex to muscle-specific promoter regions, thus promoting gene expression initiation. During terminal myoblast dif [...] (224 aa)
Parp1Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1; Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates poly-ADP- ribosylation of proteins and plays a key role in DNA repair. Mainly mediates glutamate and aspartate ADP-ribosylation of target proteins: the ADP-D-ribosyl group of NAD(+) is transferred to the acceptor carboxyl group of glutamate and aspartate residues and further ADP- ribosyl groups are transferred to the 2'-position of the terminal adenosine moiety, building up a polymer with an average chain length of 20-30 units. Mediates the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a number of proteins, including itself, APLF an [...] (1014 aa)
Hspa5Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP; Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone that plays a key role in protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Involved in the correct folding of proteins and degradation of misfolded proteins via its interaction with DNAJC10/ERdj5, probably to facilitate the release of DNAJC10/ERdj5 from its substrate. Acts as a key repressor of the ERN1/IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) (By similarity). In the unstressed endoplasmic reticulum, recruited by DNAJB9/ERdj4 to the luminal region of ERN1/IRE1, leading to disrupt the dimeriz [...] (655 aa)
GsnGelsolin; Calcium-regulated, actin-modulating protein that binds to the plus (or barbed) ends of actin monomers or filaments, preventing monomer exchange (end-blocking or capping). It can promote the assembly of monomers into filaments (nucleation) as well as sever filaments already formed. Plays a role in ciliogenesis; Belongs to the villin/gelsolin family. (780 aa)
Syt13Synaptotagmin-13; May be involved in transport vesicle docking to the plasma membrane. (426 aa)
Capn3Calpain-3; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease; Belongs to the peptidase C2 family. (821 aa)
Syt6Synaptotagmin-6; May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis (By similarity). May mediate Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis in acrosomal reaction in sperm ; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (511 aa)
PrnpMajor prion protein; Its primary physiological function is unclear. May play a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. May be required for neuronal myelin sheath maintenance. May promote myelin homeostasis through acting as an agonist for ADGRG6 receptor. May play a role in iron uptake and iron homeostasis. Soluble oligomers are toxic to cultured neuroblastoma cells and induce apoptosis (in vitro) (By similarity). Association with GPC1 (via its heparan sulfate chains) targets PRNP to lipid rafts. Also provides Cu(2+) or ZN(2+) for the ascorbate-mediated GPC1 deaminase deg [...] (254 aa)
Sumo1Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1; Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or a lysine-linked polymer. Covalent attachment via an isopeptide bond to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I, and can be promoted by E3 ligases such as PIAS1-4, RANBP2 or CBX4. This post- translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Involved for insta [...] (101 aa)
HfeHereditary hemochromatosis protein homolog; Binds to transferrin receptor (TFR) and reduces its affinity for iron-loaded transferrin. (359 aa)
Fbp1Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in the presence of divalent cations, acting as a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Plays a role in regulating glucose sensing and insulin secretion of pancreatic beta-cells. Appears to modulate glycerol gluconeogenesis in liver. Important regulator of appetite and adiposity; increased expression of the protein in liver after nutrient excess increases circulating satiety hormones and reduces appetite-stimulating neuropeptides and thus seems to provide a feedback mechanism [...] (338 aa)
Syt7Synaptotagmin-7. (567 aa)
Slc34a1Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2A; Involved in actively transporting phosphate into cells via Na(+) cotransport in the renal brush border membrane. Probably mediates 70-80% of the apical influx. (637 aa)
CrhbpCorticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein; Binds CRF and inactivates it. May prevent inappropriate pituitary-adrenal stimulation in pregnancy; Belongs to the CRF-binding protein family. (322 aa)
Id2DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2; Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation. Inhibits skeletal muscle and cardiac myocyte differentiation. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the C [...] (134 aa)
Cyp1a1Cytochrome P450 1A1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy [...] (524 aa)
Ryr3Ryanodine receptor 3; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm in muscle and thereby plays a role in triggering muscle contraction. May regulate Ca(2+) release by other calcium channels. Calcium channel that mediates Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum in non-muscle cells. Plays a role in cellular calcium signaling. Contributes to cellular calcium ion homeostasis. Isoform 2 lacks a predicted transmembrane segment and does not form functional calcium channels by itself; however, it can form tetramers [...] (4868 aa)
Kcnb1Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain, but also in the pancreas and cardiovascular system. Contributes to the regulation of the action potential (AP) repolarization, duration and frequency of repetitive AP firing in neurons, muscle cells and endocrine cells and plays a role in homeostatic attenuation of electrical excitability throughout the brain. Plays also a role in the regulation of exocytosis independently of its electrical function (By sim [...] (857 aa)
Mef2cMyocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C; Transcription activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element present in the regulatory regions of many muscle-specific genes. Controls cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis, and is also involved in vascular development. Enhances transcriptional activation mediated by SOX18. May also be involved in neurogenesis and in the development of cortical architecture. Isoforms that lack the repressor domain are more active than isoform 1 (By similarity). Plays an essential role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by suppressing the number of e [...] (474 aa)
Grin2aGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition; channels containing GRIN1 and GRIN2A have higher sensitivity to glutamate and faster kineti [...] (1464 aa)
Tfr2Transferrin receptor protein 2; Mediates cellular uptake of transferrin-bound iron in a non- iron dependent manner. May be involved in iron metabolism, hepatocyte function and erythrocyte differentiation; Belongs to the peptidase M28 family. M28B subfamily. (798 aa)
Nlgn1Neuroligin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, and probably mediates its effects by recruiting and clustering other synaptic proteins. May promote the initial formation of synapses, but is not essential for this. In vitro, triggers the de novo formation of presynaptic structures. May be involved in specification of excitatory synapses. Required to maintain wakefulness quality and normal synchrony of cerebral cortex activity during wakefulness and [...] (843 aa)
CarfCalcium-responsive transcription factor; Acts as a transcriptional activator that mediates the calcium- and neuron-selective induction of BDNF exon III transcription. Binds to the consensus calcium-response element CaRE1 5'-CTATTTCGAG-3' sequence (By similarity). (689 aa)
Nek7Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek7; Protein kinase which plays an important role in mitotic cell cycle progression. Required for microtubule nucleation activity of the centrosome, robust mitotic spindle formation and cytokinesis. Phosphorylates RPS6KB1. (302 aa)
Slfn14C-terminally truncated SLFN14 endoribonuclease; [Protein SLFN14]: Shows no ribosome-associated and endoribonuclease activities. (899 aa)
Doxl2Amine oxidase; Belongs to the copper/topaquinone oxidase family. (723 aa)
Ank3Ankyrin-3; Membrane-cytoskeleton linker. May participate in the maintenance/targeting of ion channels and cell adhesion molecules at the nodes of Ranvier and axonal initial segments (By similarity). In skeletal muscle, required for costamere localization of DMD and betaDAG1. Regulates KCNA1 channel activity in function of dietary Mg(2+) levels, and thereby contributes to the regulation of renal Mg(2+) reabsorption. (1961 aa)
Ryr1Ryanodine receptor 1; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering muscle contraction following depolarization of T-tubules. Repeated very high-level exercise increases the open probability of the channel and leads to Ca(2+) leaking into the cytoplasm. Can also mediate the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in neurons, and may thereby promote prolonged Ca(2+) signaling in the brain. Required for normal embryonic development of muscle fibers and skeletal muscle. Required for nor [...] (5035 aa)
Mapk9Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress- activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK9/JNK2. In turn, MAPK9/JNK2 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as J [...] (423 aa)
Adcy7Adenylate cyclase type 7; Catalyzes the formation of cAMP in response to activation of G protein-coupled receptors (Probable). Functions in signaling cascades activated namely by thrombin and sphingosine 1-phosphate and mediates regulation of cAMP synthesis through synergistic action of the stimulatory G alpha protein with GNA13. Also, during inflammation, mediates zymosan-induced increase intracellular cAMP, leading to protein kinase A pathway activation in order to modulate innate immune responses through heterotrimeric G proteins G(12/13). Functions in signaling cascades activated n [...] (1099 aa)
Kcnj1ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1; In the kidney, probably plays a major role in potassium homeostasis. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. This channel is activated by internal A [...] (392 aa)
DaxxDeath domain-associated protein 6; Transcription corepressor known to repress transcriptional potential of several sumoylated transcription factors. Down-regulates basal and activated transcription. Its transcription repressor activity is modulated by recruiting it to subnuclear compartments like the nucleolus or PML/POD/ND10 nuclear bodies through interactions with MCSR1 and PML, respectively. Seems to regulate transcription in PML/POD/ND10 nuclear bodies together with PML and may influence TNFRSF6-dependent apoptosis thereby. Inhibits transcriptional activation of PAX3 and ETS1 throu [...] (740 aa)
Iqgap1Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1; Plays a crucial role in regulating the dynamics and assembly of the actin cytoskeleton. Binds to activated CDC42 but does not stimulate its GTPase activity. It associates with calmodulin. Could serve as an assembly scaffold for the organization of a multimolecular complex that would interface incoming signals to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton at the plasma membrane. May promote neurite outgrowth. May play a possible role in cell cycle regulation by contributing to cell cycle progression after DNA replication arrest. (1657 aa)
Bmp6Bone morphogenetic protein 6; Induces cartilage and bone formation; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (510 aa)
Nrxn1Neurexin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions, exocytosis of secretory granules and regulation of signal transmission. Function is isoform-specific. Alpha-type isoforms have a long N- terminus with six laminin G-like domains and play an important role in synaptic signal transmission. Alpha-type isoforms play a role in the regulation of calcium channel activity and Ca(2+)-triggered neurotransmitter release at synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. They play an important role in Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis of secretory granules in pituitary gland. They may effect [...] (1507 aa)
Aoc1Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing]; Catalyzes the degradation of compounds such as putrescine, histamine, spermine, and spermidine, substances involved in allergic and immune responses, cell proliferation, tissue differentiation, tumor formation, and possibly apoptosis. (756 aa)
Rasal1RasGAP-activating-like protein 1; Probable inhibitory regulator of the Ras-cyclic AMP pathway. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. (799 aa)
Becn1Beclin-1-C 35 kDa; Plays a central role in autophagy. Acts as core subunit of different PI3K complex forms that mediate formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 (By similarity). Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K comp [...] (448 aa)
Mef2aMyocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A; Transcriptional activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element, 5'-YTA[AT](4)TAR-3', found in numerous muscle-specific genes. Also involved in the activation of numerous growth factor- and stress-induced genes. Mediates cellular functions not only in skeletal and cardiac muscle development, but also in neuronal differentiation and survival. Plays diverse roles in the control of cell growth, survival and apoptosis via p38 MAPK signaling in muscle-specific and/or growth factor-related transcription. In cerebellar granule neurons, phosphorylate [...] (498 aa)
Syt8Synaptotagmin-8; Involved in the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in non-neuronal tissues. Mediates Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis acrosomal reaction in sperm. May mediate Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis in insulin secreted cells; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (395 aa)
Scn5aSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha; This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) channel isoform. This channel is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential. Channel inactivation is regulated by intracellular calcium levels (By similarity). Belongs to [...] (2020 aa)
Syt2Synaptotagmin-2; Exhibits calcium-dependent phospholipid and inositol polyphosphate binding properties. May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (By similarity). (Microbial infection) Receptor for C.botulinum neurotoxin type G (BoNT/G, botG); gangliosides are not required for (or only very slightly improve) binding to a membrane-anchored receptor fragment. The toxin binds via the vesicular domain (residues 47-55) ; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (422 aa)
Syt3Synaptotagmin-3; Ca(2+) sensor involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain. Ca(2+) induces binding of the C2-domains to phospholipid membranes and to assembled SNARE-complexes; both actions contribute to triggering exocytosis. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. (587 aa)
HpcaNeuron-specific calcium-binding protein hippocalcin; Calcium-binding protein that may play a role in the regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels. May also play a role in cyclic-nucleotide-mediated signaling through the regulation of adenylate and guanylate cyclases; Belongs to the recoverin family. (193 aa)
Slc12a2Solute carrier family 12 member 2; Electrically silent transporter system. Mediates sodium and chloride reabsorption. Plays a vital role in the regulation of ionic balance and cell volume; Belongs to the SLC12A transporter family. (1206 aa)
Add1Alpha-adducin; Membrane-cytoskeleton-associated protein that promotes the assembly of the spectrin-actin network. Binds to calmodulin. (735 aa)
SncaAlpha-synuclein; Neuronal protein that plays several roles in synaptic activity such as regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release. Participates as a monomer in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by enhancing vesicle priming, fusion and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, acts by increasing local Ca(2+) release from microdomains which is essential for the enhancement of ATP-induced exocytosis. Acts also as a molecular chaperone in its multimeric membrane-bound state, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components called SNAREs [...] (140 aa)
Rasgrp2RAS guanyl-releasing protein 2; Functions as a calcium- and DAG-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Rap through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. May also activates other GTPases such as RRAS, RRAS2, NRAS, KRAS but not HRAS. Functions in aggregation of platelets and adhesion of T-lymphocytes and neutrophils probably through inside-out integrin activation. May function in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1/CHRM1 signaling pathway. (608 aa)
DmtnDematin; Membrane-cytoskeleton-associated protein with F-actin-binding activity that induces F-actin bundles formation and stabilization. Its F-actin-bundling activity is reversibly regulated upon its phosphorylation by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). Binds to the erythrocyte membrane glucose transporter-1 SLC2A1/GLUT1, and hence stabilizes and attaches the spectrin-actin network to the erythrocytic plasma membrane. Plays a role in maintaining the functional integrity of PKA-activated erythrocyte shape and the membrane mechanical properties. Plays also a role as a modulator [...] (383 aa)
Tfap2aTranscription factor AP-2-alpha; Sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that interacts with inducible viral and cellular enhancer elements to regulate transcription of selected genes. AP-2 factors bind to the consensus sequence 5'-GCCNNNGGC-3' and activate genes involved in a large spectrum of important biological functions including proper eye, face, body wall, limb and neural tube development. They also suppress a number of genes including MCAM/MUC18, C/EBP alpha and MYC. AP-2-alpha is the only AP-2 protein required for early morphogenesis of the lens vesicle. Together with the CITED2 [...] (437 aa)
Foxa2Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta; Transcription factor that is involved in embryonic development, establishment of tissue-specific gene expression and regulation of gene expression in differentiated tissues. Is thought to act as a 'pioneer' factor opening the compacted chromatin for other proteins through interactions with nucleosomal core histones and thereby replacing linker histones at target enhancer and/or promoter sites. Binds DNA with the consensus sequence 5'- [AC]A[AT]T[AG]TT[GT][AG][CT]T[CT]-3' (By similarity). In embryonic development is required for notochord formation. Inv [...] (465 aa)
Gsk3aGlycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha; Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle. M [...] (490 aa)
Eif2s1Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1; Functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S pre- initiation complex. Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF-2 and release of an eIF-2-GDP binary complex. In order for eIF-2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF- 2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed [...] (315 aa)
Alox5apArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein; Required for leukotriene biosynthesis by ALOX5 (5- lipoxygenase). Anchors ALOX5 to the membrane. Binds arachidonic acid, and could play an essential role in the transfer of arachidonic acid to ALOX5. Binds to MK-886, a compound that blocks the biosynthesis of leukotrienes (By similarity); Belongs to the MAPEG family. (161 aa)
Syt5Synaptotagmin-5; May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. Regulates the Ca(2+)-dependent secretion of norepinephrine in PC12 cells. Required for export from the endocytic recycling compartment to the cell surface; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (386 aa)
ItpkbKinase; Belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family. (942 aa)
Smpd3Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to form ceramide and phosphocholine. Ceramide mediates numerous cellular functions, such as apoptosis and growth arrest, and is capable of regulating these 2 cellular events independently. Also hydrolyzes sphingosylphosphocholine. Regulates the cell cycle by acting as a growth suppressor in confluent cells. Acts as a regulator of postnatal development and participates in bone and dentin mineralization. Overexpression enhances cell death, suggesting that it may be involved in apoptosis control. Belongs to the n [...] (655 aa)
Cpne8Copine-8; Probable calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that may play a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes. (577 aa)
Mapk1Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (358 aa)
Cdkn1bCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; Important regulator of cell cycle progression. Inhibits the kinase activity of CDK2 bound to cyclin A, but has little inhibitory activity on CDK2 bound to SPDYA (By similarity). Involved in G1 arrest. Potent inhibitor of cyclin E- and cyclin A-CDK2 complexes. Forms a complex with cyclin type D-CDK4 complexes and is involved in the assembly, stability, and modulation of CCND1-CDK4 complex activation. Acts either as an inhibitor or an activator of cyclin type D-CDK4 complexes depending on its phosphorylation state and/or stoichometry. Belongs to the [...] (197 aa)
Wnt5aProtein Wnt-5a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Can activate or inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, depending on receptor context. In the presence of FZD4, activates beta-catenin signaling. In the presence of ROR2, inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway by promoting beta-catenin degradation through a GSK3-independent pathway which involves down-regulation of beta-catenin-induced reporter gene expression. Suppression of the canonical pathway allows chondrogenesis to occur and inhibits tumor formation. Stimulates cell migration. Decreases proliferatio [...] (380 aa)
JunbTranscription factor jun-B; Transcription factor involved in regulating gene activity following the primary growth factor response. Binds to the DNA sequence 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'; Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily. (344 aa)
Prkaa15'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts a [...] (559 aa)
Acer1Alkaline ceramidase 1; Endoplasmic reticulum ceramidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ceramides into sphingosine and free fatty acids at alkaline pH. Ceramides, sphingosine, and its phosphorylated form sphingosine-1-phosphate are bioactive lipids that mediate cellular signaling pathways regulating several biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Exhibits a strong substrate specificity towards the natural stereoisomer of ceramides with D-erythro-sphingosine as a backbone and has a higher activity towards very long-chain unsaturated fatty acids [...] (273 aa)
Glra2Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2; Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels. Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine. Channel opening is also triggered by taurine and beta-alanine. Plays a role in the down- regulation of neuronal excitability. Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Plays a role in cellular responses to ethanol; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Glycine receptor (TC 1.A.9.3) subfamily. GLRA2 sub-subfamily. (452 aa)
Guca1aGuanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1; Stimulates retinal guanylyl cyclase when free calcium ions concentration is low and inhibits guanylyl cyclase when free calcium ions concentration is elevated (By similarity). This Ca(2+)-sensitive regulation of retinal guanylyl cyclase is a key event in recovery of the dark state of rod photoreceptors following light exposure (By similarity). May be involved in cone photoreceptor light response and recovery of response in bright light. (202 aa)
Creb1Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1; Phosphorylation-dependent transcription factor that stimulates transcription upon binding to the DNA cAMP response element (CRE), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Transcription activation is enhanced by the TORC coactivators which act independently of Ser-133 phosphorylation. Involved in different cellular processes including the synchronization of circadian rhythmicity and the differentiation of adipose cells. Belongs to the bZIP family. (341 aa)
Atp7aCopper-transporting ATPase 1; May supply copper to copper-requiring proteins within the secretory pathway, when localized in the trans-Golgi network. Under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, it relocalized to the plasma membrane where it functions in the efflux of copper from cells (By similarity); Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IB subfamily. (1492 aa)
Syt12Synaptotagmin-12; Synaptic vesicle phosphoprotein that enhances spontaneous neurotransmitter release but does not effect induced neurotransmitter release (By similarity). Unlike other synaptotagmins, it does not bind Ca(2+) or phospholipids (By similarity). Essential for mossy-fiber long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. (421 aa)
Kcna1Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the kidney. Contributes to the regulation of the membrane potential and nerve signaling, and prevents neuronal hyperexcitability. Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference acros [...] (495 aa)
Fn1Fibronectin; Fibronectins bind cell surfaces and various compounds including collagen, fibrin, heparin, DNA, and actin. Fibronectins are involved in cell adhesion, cell motility, opsonization, wound healing, and maintenance of cell shape healing, and maintenance of cell shape. Involved in osteoblast compaction through the fibronectin fibrillogenesis cell-mediated matrix assembly process, essential for osteoblast mineralization. Participates in the regulation of type I collagen deposition by osteoblasts. (2477 aa)
Kcnj10ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 10; May be responsible for potassium buffering action of glial cells in the brain. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by extracellu [...] (379 aa)
Lrrk2Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which phosphorylates a broad range of proteins involved in multiple processes such as neuronal plasticity, autophagy, and vesicle trafficking. Is a key regulator of RAB GTPases by regulating the GTP/GDP exchange and interaction partners of RABs through phosphorylation. Phosphorylates RAB3A, RAB3B, RAB3C, RAB3D, RAB8A, RAB8B, RAB10, RAB12, RAB35, and RAB43. Regulates the RAB3IP-catalyzed GDP/GTP exchange for RAB8A through the phosphorylation of 'Thr-72' on RAB8A (By similarity). Inhibits the interacti [...] (2527 aa)
Mapk3Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (380 aa)
Cpne4Copine-4; Probable calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that may play a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes. Belongs to the copine family. (557 aa)
TigarFructose-2,6-bisphosphatase TIGAR; Fructose-bisphosphatase hydrolyzing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate as well as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (By similarity). Acts as a negative regulator of glycolysis by lowering intracellular levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in a p53/TP53-dependent manner, resulting in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activation and NADPH production. Contributes to the generation of reduced glutathione to cause a decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, correlating with its ability to protect cells from oxidative or metabolic stress-induced cell [...] (269 aa)
Cer1Cerberus; Cytokine that may play a role in anterior neural induction and somite formation during embryogenesis in part, through a BMP- inhibitory mechanism. Can regulate Nodal signaling during gastrulation as well as the formation and patterning of the primitive streak. (272 aa)
Eef2kEukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase; Threonine kinase that regulates protein synthesis by controlling the rate of peptide chain elongation. Upon activation by a variety of upstream kinases including AMPK or TRPM7, phosphorylates the elongation factor EEF2 at a single site, renders it unable to bind ribosomes and thus inactive. In turn, the rate of protein synthesis is reduced. (724 aa)
Cpne2Copine-2; Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes. Exhibits calcium- dependent cell membrane binding properties. (548 aa)
Svs1Amine oxidase; Belongs to the copper/topaquinone oxidase family. (820 aa)
InhbbInhibin beta B chain; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (411 aa)
CrpC-reactive protein; Displays several functions associated with host defense: it promotes agglutination, bacterial capsular swelling, phagocytosis and complement fixation through its calcium-dependent binding to phosphorylcholine. Can interact with DNA and histones and may scavenge nuclear material released from damaged circulating cells; Belongs to the pentraxin family. (225 aa)
Cpne9Copine-9; Probable calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that may play a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. (553 aa)
Hnrnpa1Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, N-terminally processed; Involved in the packaging of pre-mRNA into hnRNP particles, transport of poly(A) mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and may modulate splice site selection. May bind to specific miRNA hairpins. Binds to the IRES and thereby inhibits the translation of the apoptosis protease activating factor APAF1. (373 aa)
Smpd1Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase; Converts sphingomyelin to ceramide. Also has phospholipase C activities toward 1,2-diacylglycerolphosphocholine and 1,2- diacylglycerolphosphoglycerol; Belongs to the acid sphingomyelinase family. (627 aa)
Cpne7Copine-7; Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that may play a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes. (557 aa)
Hesx1Homeobox expressed in ES cells 1; Required for the normal development of the forebrain, eyes and other anterior structures such as the olfactory placodes and pituitary gland. Possible transcriptional repressor. Binds to the palindromic PIII sequence, 5'-AGCTTGAGTCTAATTGAATTAACTGTAC-3'. HESX1 and PROP1 bind as heterodimers on this palindromic site, and, in vitro, HESX1 can antagonize PROP1 activation; Belongs to the ANF homeobox family. (185 aa)
Clic4Chloride intracellular channel protein 4; Can insert into membranes and form poorly selective ion channels that may also transport chloride ions. Channel activity depends on the pH. Membrane insertion seems to be redox-regulated and may occur only under oxydizing conditions. Promotes cell-surface expression of HRH3 (By similarity). May play a role in angiogenesis. (253 aa)
Neurod2Neurogenic differentiation factor 2; Transcriptional regulator implicated in neuronal determination. Mediates calcium-dependent transcription activation by binding to E box-containing promoter. Critical factor essential for the repression of the genetic program for neuronal differentiation; prevents the formation of synaptic vesicle clustering at active zone to the presynaptic membrane in postmitotic neurons. Induces transcription of ZEB1, which in turn represses neuronal differentiation by down- regulating REST expression. Plays a role in the establishment and maturation of thalamocor [...] (383 aa)
Slc25a23Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein SCaMC-3; Calcium-dependent mitochondrial solute carrier. Mitochondrial solute carriers shuttle metabolites, nucleotides, and cofactors through the mitochondrial inner membrane. May act as a ATP-Mg/Pi exchanger that mediates the transport of Mg-ATP in exchange for phosphate, catalyzing the net uptake or efflux of adenine nucleotides into or from the mitochondria. Acts as a regulator of mitochondrial calcium uptake via interaction with MCU and MICU1. (467 aa)
Atp13a2Cation-transporting ATPase 13A2; ATPase that plays a role in intracellular cation homeostasis and the maintenance of neuronal integrity. Required for a proper lysosomal and mitochondrial maintenance. Regulates the autophagy- lysosome pathway through the control of SYT11 expression at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. (1169 aa)
Gabrb3Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3; Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA- gated ion channel. The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer. The a [...] (473 aa)
Rasa4Ras GTPase-activating protein 4; Ca(2+)-dependent Ras GTPase-activating protein, that switches off the Ras-MAPK pathway following a stimulus that elevates intracellular calcium. Functions as an adaptor for Cdc42 and Rac1 during FcR-mediated phagocytosis. Isoform 2 activates the Ras pathway and promotes RANKL shedding by modulating the expression of MMP14. (802 aa)
TspoTranslocator protein; Can bind protoporphyrin IX and may play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme (By similarity). Was initially identified as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; can also bind isoquinoline carboxamides. Promotes the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes and may play a role in lipid metabolism , but its precise physiological role is controversial. According to some reports, it is not required for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Belongs to the TspO/BZRP family. (169 aa)
Syt15Synaptotagmin-15; May be involved in the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in non-neuronal tissues; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (418 aa)
Akt1RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the [...] (480 aa)
BrafSerine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf; Involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Phosphorylates MAP2K1, and thereby activates the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. May play a role in the postsynaptic responses of hippocampal neurons. (804 aa)
ShhSonic hedgehog protein N-product; [Sonic hedgehog protein]: The C-terminal part of the sonic hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis and a cholesterol transferase activity. Both activities result in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (ShhN and ShhC) followed by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated ShhN. Both activities occur in the reticulum endoplasmic. Once cleaved, ShhC is degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum. (437 aa)
NcstnNicastrin; Essential subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). The gamma-secretase complex plays a role in Notch and Wnt signaling cascades and regulation of downstream processes via its role in processing key regulatory proteins, and by regulating cytosolic CTNNB1 levels; Belongs to the nicastrin family. (708 aa)
FosbProtein fosB; FosB interacts with Jun proteins enhancing their DNA binding activity; Belongs to the bZIP family. Fos subfamily. (338 aa)
ItpkcInositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase C; Can phosphorylate inositol 2,4,5-triphosphate to inositol 2,4,5,6-tetraphosphate. (678 aa)
CalrCalreticulin; Calcium-binding chaperone that promotes folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin interacts transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER. Interacts with the DNA-binding domain of NR3C1 and mediates its nuclear export. Involved in maternal gene expression regulation. May participate in oocyte maturation via the regulation of calcium homeostasis (By similarity); Belongs to the calreticulin family. (416 aa)
Nqo1NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1; The enzyme apparently serves as a quinone reductase in connection with conjugation reactions of hydroquinons involved in detoxification pathways as well as in biosynthetic processes such as the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of glutamate residues in prothrombin synthesis. (274 aa)
Mcoln1Mucolipin-1; Nonselective cation channel probably playing a role in the regulation of membrane trafficking events and of metal homeostasis. Proposed to play a major role in Ca(2+) release from late endosome and lysosome vesicles to the cytoplasm, which is important for many lysosome-dependent cellular events, including the fusion and trafficking of these organelles, exocytosis and autophagy. Required for efficient uptake of large particles in macrophages in which Ca(2+) release from the lysosomes triggers lysosomal exocytosis. May also play a role in phagosome-lysosome fusion. Involved [...] (580 aa)
Aqp1Aquaporin-1; Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of red cells and kidney proximal tubules with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. (269 aa)
AppGamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G [...] (695 aa)
Hmox1Heme oxygenase 1; Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed. Exhibits cytoprotective effects since excess of free heme sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis. (289 aa)
TrfSerotransferrin; Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from sites of absorption and heme degradation to those of storage and utilization. Serum transferrin may also have a further role in stimulating cell proliferation. (697 aa)
Ptgs2Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2; Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays imp [...] (604 aa)
Cyp1a2Cytochrome P450 1A2; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E [...] (513 aa)
Ireb2Iron-responsive element-binding protein 2; RNA-binding protein that binds to iron-responsive elements (IRES), which are stem-loop structures found in the 5'-UTR of ferritin, and delta aminolevulinic acid synthase mRNAs, and in the 3'-UTR of transferrin receptor mRNA. Binding to the IRE element in ferritin results in the repression of its mRNA translation. Binding of the protein to the transferrin receptor mRNA inhibits the degradation of this otherwise rapidly degraded mRNA. (963 aa)
Bace1Beta-secretase 1; Responsible for the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Cleaves at the N-terminus of the A-beta peptide sequence, between residues 671 and 672 of APP, leads to the generation and extracellular release of beta-cleaved soluble APP, and a corresponding cell-associated C-terminal fragment which is later released by gamma-secretase. Cleaves CHL1. (501 aa)
Mt1Metallothionein-1; Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids; Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. (61 aa)
Mt2Metallothionein-2; Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids; Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. (61 aa)
Mt3Metallothionein-3; Binds heavy metals. Contains three zinc and three copper atoms per polypeptide chain and only a negligible amount of cadmium. Inhibits survival and neurite formation of cortical neurons in vitro (By similarity); Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. (68 aa)
Mt4Metallothionein-4; Seems to bind zinc and copper. Could play a special role in regulating zinc metabolism during the differentiation of stratified epithelia; Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family. (62 aa)
Eif2ak3Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3; Metabolic-stress sensing protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2- alpha/EIF2S1) on 'Ser-52' during the unfolded protein response (UPR) and in response to low amino acid availability. Converts phosphorylated eIF-2-alpha/EIF2S1 either in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to a reduced overall utilization of amino acids, or to a translation initiation activator of specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activator ATF4, and hence allowing ATF4-mediated [...] (1114 aa)
StarSteroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial; Plays a key role in steroid hormone synthesis by enhancing the metabolism of cholesterol into pregnenolone. Transporter that binds to and transport cholesterol through the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. (284 aa)
Mecp2Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2; Chromosomal protein that binds to methylated DNA. It can bind specifically to a single methyl-CpG pair. It is not influenced by sequences flanking the methyl-CpGs. Mediates transcriptional repression through interaction with histone deacetylase and the corepressor SIN3. Binds both 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)- containing DNA, with a preference for 5-methylcytosine (5mC). (501 aa)
Chp2Calcineurin B homologous protein 2; Functions as an integral cofactor in cell pH regulation by controlling plasma membrane-type Na(+)/H(+) exchange activity. Binds to and activates SLC9A1/NHE1 in a serum-independent manner, thus increasing pH and protecting cells from serum deprivation-induced death. Also plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and tumor growth by increasing the phosphatase activity of PPP3CA in a calcium-dependent manner. Activator of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway. Involved in the cytoplasmic translocation of the transcription factor NFATC3 to th [...] (196 aa)
Ogg1DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase; DNA repair enzyme that incises DNA at 8-oxoG residues. Excises 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-N- methylformamidopyrimidine (FAPY) from damaged DNA. Has a beta-lyase activity that nicks DNA 3' to the lesion; Belongs to the type-1 OGG1 family. (345 aa)
Doxl1Amine oxidase. (711 aa)
Hsf1Heat shock factor protein 1; Functions as a stress-inducible and DNA-binding transcription factor that plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the heat shock response (HSR), leading to the expression of a large class of molecular chaperones heat shock proteins (HSPs) that protect cells from cellular insults' damage. In unstressed cells, is present in a HSP90-containing multichaperone complex that maintains it in a non- DNA-binding inactivated monomeric form. Upon exposure to heat and other stress stimuli, undergoes homotrimerization and activates HSP gene transcriptio [...] (503 aa)
Syt9Synaptotagmin-9; May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (491 aa)
P2rx4P2X purinoceptor 4; Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated ion channel. This receptor is insensitive to the antagonists PPADS and suramin (By similarity). (388 aa)
ItpkaInositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase A; Belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family. (459 aa)
Mtf1Metal regulatory transcription factor 1; Activates the metallothionein I promoter. Binds to the metal responsive element (MRE). (675 aa)
A3galt2Alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase 2; Synthesizes the galactose-alpha(1,3)-galactose group on the glycosphingolipid isoglobotrihexosylceramide or isogloboside 3 (iGb3) by catalyzing the transfer of galactose from UDP-Galactose to its acceptor molecule Gal-beta-1,4-Glc-ceramide. Can also catalyze the addition of galactose to iGb3 itself to form polygalactose structures. Synthesis of iGb3 is the initial step in the formation of the isoglobo- series glycolipid pathway and is the precursor to isogloboside 4 (iGb4) and isoForssman glycolipids. Can glycosylate only lipids and not proteins and i [...] (370 aa)
Prkaa25'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts a [...] (552 aa)
Cpne3Copine-3; Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in ERBB2-mediated tumor cell migration in response to growth factor heregulin stimulation; Belongs to the copine family. (533 aa)
Lce1dLate cornified envelope 1D. (133 aa)
Slc25a24Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein SCaMC-1; Calcium-dependent mitochondrial solute carrier. Mediates the reversible, electroneutral exchange of Mg-ATP or Mg-ADP against phosphate ions, catalyzing the net uptake or efflux of adenine nucleotides across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Nucleotide transport is inactive when cytosolic calcium levels are low, and is activated by an increase in cytosolic calcium levels. May play a role in protecting cells against oxidative stress-induced cell death, probably by promoting the formation of calcium-phosphate precipitates in the mitoc [...] (475 aa)
Syt10Synaptotagmin-10; Ca(2+) sensor specifically required for the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles containing IGF1 in neurons of the olfactory bulb. Exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell. Not involved in Ca(2+)- dependent synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Acts through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain: Ca(2+) induces binding of the C2-domains to phospholipid membranes and to assembled SNARE-complexes; both actions contribute to triggering exocytosis (By similarity). (523 aa)
Map1lc3aMicrotubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation. (121 aa)
Fabp4Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte; Lipid transport protein in adipocytes. Binds both long chain fatty acids and retinoic acid. Delivers long-chain fatty acids and retinoic acid to their cognate receptors in the nucleus. Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Fatty-acid binding protein (FABP) family. (132 aa)
Cyp2a5Cytochrome P450 2A5; Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. (494 aa)
Atp7bCopper-transporting ATPase 2; Copper ion transmembrane transporter involved in the export of copper out of the cells, such as the efflux of hepatic copper into the bile. (1462 aa)
Tph2Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2; Belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family. (488 aa)
EndogEndonuclease G, mitochondrial; Cleaves DNA at double-stranded (DG)n.(DC)n and at single- stranded (DC)n tracts. In addition to deoxyribonuclease activities, also has ribonuclease (RNase) and RNase H activities. Capable of generating the RNA primers required by DNA polymerase gamma to initiate replication of mitochondrial DNA (By similarity). (294 aa)
CybbCytochrome b-245 heavy chain; Critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. It is the terminal component of a respiratory chain that transfers single electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH across the plasma membrane to molecular oxygen on the exterior. Also functions as a voltage-gated proton channel that mediates the H(+) currents of resting phagocytes. (570 aa)
Hspa8Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein; Molecular chaperone implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including protection of the proteome from stress, folding and transport of newly synthesized polypeptides, activation of proteolysis of misfolded proteins and the formation and dissociation of protein complexes. Plays a pivotal role in the protein quality control system, ensuring the correct folding of proteins, the re-folding of misfolded proteins and controlling the targeting of proteins for subsequent degradation. This is achieved through cycles of ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis a [...] (646 aa)
Ncf1Neutrophil cytosol factor 1; NCF2, NCF1, and a membrane bound cytochrome b558 are required for activation of the latent NADPH oxidase (necessary for superoxide production). (404 aa)
Mmp9Matrix metalloproteinase-9; Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase M10A family. (730 aa)
Alox15Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase; Non-heme iron-containing dioxygenase that catalyzes the stereo-specific peroxidation of free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids generating a spectrum of bioactive lipid mediators. Converts arachidonic acid into 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/12- HPETE and 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/15-HPETE. Also converts linoleic acid to 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid. May also act on (12S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/(12S)-HPETE to produce hepoxilin A3. Probably plays an important role in the immune and inflammatory responses. Through the o [...] (663 aa)
Dpep1Dipeptidase 1; Hydrolyzes a wide range of dipeptides. Implicated in the renal metabolism of glutathione and its conjugates. Converts leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4; it may play an important role in the regulation of leukotriene activity. (410 aa)
Hsd17b1Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 1; Favors the reduction of estrogens and androgens. Uses preferentially NADH; Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (344 aa)
EgfrEpidermal growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, AREG, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least [...] (1210 aa)
Adcy1Adenylate cyclase type 1; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling. Mediates responses to increased cellular Ca(2+)/calmodulin levels. May be involved in regulatory processes in the central nervous system. May play a role in memory and learning. Plays a role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm of daytime contrast sensitivity probably by modulating the rhythmic synthesis of cyclic AMP in the retina. (1118 aa)
Slc13a5Solute carrier family 13 member 5; High-affinity sodium/citrate cotransporter that mediates citrate entry into cells. The transport process is electrogenic; it is the trivalent form of citrate rather than the divalent form that is recognized as a substrate. May facilitate the utilization of circulating citrate for the generation of metabolic energy and for the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol (By similarity). Belongs to the SLC13A/DASS transporter (TC 2.A.47) family. NADC subfamily. (572 aa)
LgmnLegumain; Has a strict specificity for hydrolysis of asparaginyl bonds. Can also cleave aspartyl bonds slowly, especially under acidic conditions. May be involved in the processing of proteins for MHC class II antigen presentation in the lysosomal/endosomal system. Required for normal lysosomal protein degradation in renal proximal tubules. Required for normal degradation of internalized EGFR. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation via its role in EGFR degradation. (435 aa)
FosProto-oncogene c-Fos; Nuclear phosphoprotein which forms a tight but non-covalently linked complex with the JUN/AP-1 transcription factor. On TGF-beta activation, forms a multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex, at the AP1/SMAD-binding site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated signaling (By similarity). Has a critical function in regulating the development of cells destined to form and maintain the skeleton. It is thought to have an important role in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation. In growing cells, activates phospholipid synthesis, possibly by activating CDS1 and [...] (380 aa)
Gpld1Phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D; This protein hydrolyzes the inositol phosphate linkage in proteins anchored by phosphatidylinositol glycans (GPI-anchor) thus releasing these proteins from the membrane. (842 aa)
Edn1Big endothelin-1; Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides (By similarity). Probable ligand for G-protein coupled receptors EDNRA and EDNRB which activates PTK2B, BCAR1, BCAR3 and, GTPases RAP1 and RHOA cascade in glomerular mesangial cells (By similarity). Belongs to the endothelin/sarafotoxin family. (202 aa)
PpifPeptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial; PPIase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and may therefore assist protein folding. Involved in regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). It is proposed that its association with the mPTP is masking a binding site for inhibiting inorganic phosphate (Pi) and promotes the open probability of the mPTP leading to apoptosis or necrosis; the requirement of the PPIase activity for this function is debated. In cooperation with mitochondrial TP53 is involved [...] (206 aa)
Mapk8Mitogen-activated protein kinase. (427 aa)
Adcy8Adenylate cyclase type 8; Catalyzes the formation of cAMP in response to calcium entry leadings to cAMP signaling activation that affect processes suche as synaptic plasticity and insulin secretion. Plays a role in many brain functions, such as learning, memory, drug addiction, and anxiety modulation through regulation of synaptic plasticity by modulating long-term memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) through CREB transcription factor activity modulation. Plays a central role in insulin secretion by controlling glucose homeostasis through glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose signalin [...] (1249 aa)
Cldn1Claudin-1; Claudins function as major constituents of the tight junction complexes that regulate the permeability of epithelia. While some claudin family members play essential roles in the formation of impermeable barriers, others mediate the permeability to ions and small molecules. Often, several claudin family members are coexpressed and interact with each other, and this determines the overall permeability. CLDN1 is required to prevent the paracellular diffusion of small molecules through tight junctions in the epidermis and is required for the normal barrier function of the skin. [...] (211 aa)
Cpne6Copine-6; Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes. Binds phospholipid membranes in a calcium-dependent manner. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (By similarity). Belongs to the copine family. (557 aa)
Glra1Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1; Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels. Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine. Channel opening is also triggered by taurine and beta-alanine (By similarity). Channel characteristics depend on the subunit composition; heteropentameric channels are activated by lower glycine levels and display faster desensitization (By similarity). Plays an important role in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability. Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Channel activity is potentiated by ethanol. Potentiatio [...] (457 aa)
AsphAspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase; [Isoform 1]: specifically hydroxylates an Asp or Asn residue in certain epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) domains of a number of proteins; Belongs to the aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase family. (741 aa)
TfrcTransferrin receptor protein 1; Cellular uptake of iron occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligand-occupied transferrin receptor into specialized endosomes. Endosomal acidification leads to iron release. The apotransferrin-receptor complex is then recycled to the cell surface with a return to neutral pH and the concomitant loss of affinity of apotransferrin for its receptor. Transferrin receptor is necessary for development of erythrocytes and the nervous system (By similarity). Upon stimulation, positively regulates T and B cell proliferation through iron uptake ; Belongs to t [...] (763 aa)
MylkMyosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle, deglutamylated form; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase implicated in smooth muscle contraction via phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC). Also regulates actin-myosin interaction through a non-kinase activity. Phosphorylates PTK2B/PYK2 and myosin light-chains. Involved in the inflammatory response (e.g. apoptosis, vascular permeability, leukocyte diapedesis), cell motility and morphology, airway hyperreactivity and other activities relevant to asthma. Required for tonic airway smooth muscle contraction that is necessa [...] (1950 aa)
HrgHistidine-rich glycoprotein; Plasma glycoprotein that binds a number of ligands such as heme, heparin, heparan sulfate, thrombospondin, plasminogen, and divalent metal ions. Binds heparin and heparin/glycosaminoglycans in a zinc-dependent manner. Binds heparan sulfate on the surface of liver, lung, kidney and heart endothelial cells. Binds to N-sulfated polysaccharide chains on the surface of liver endothelial cells. Inhibits rosette formation. Acts as an adapter protein and is implicated in regulating many processes such as immune complex and pathogen clearance, cell chemotaxis, cell [...] (536 aa)
Aqp2Aquaporin-2; Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of renal collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. Plays an essential role in renal water homeostasis. (271 aa)
Nfatc4Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4; Ca(2+)-regulated transcription factor that is involved in several processes, including the development and function of the immune, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems. Involved in T-cell activation, stimulating the transcription of cytokine genes, including that of IL2 and IL4. Along with NFATC3, involved in embryonic heart development. Involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism required for cardiac morphogenesis and function. Transactivates many genes involved in heart physiology. Along with GATA4, binds to and acti [...] (901 aa)
Cpne5Copine-5; Probable calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that may play a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. Belongs to the copine family. (593 aa)
Syt4Synaptotagmin-4; Synaptotagmin family member which does not bind Ca(2+). Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (By similarity). (425 aa)
FasTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6; Receptor for TNFSF6/FASLG. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. FAS-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen- stimulated suicide of mature T-cells, or both (By similarity). (327 aa)
Slc1a1Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate. Can also transport L-cysteine. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (By similarity). Plays an important role in L-glutamate and L-aspar [...] (523 aa)
ChukInhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into t [...] (745 aa)
Nptx1Neuronal pentraxin-1; May be involved in mediating uptake of synaptic material during synapse remodeling or in mediating the synaptic clustering of AMPA glutamate receptors at a subset of excitatory synapses. (432 aa)
Slc40a1Solute carrier family 40 member 1; May be involved in iron export from duodenal epithelial cell and also in transfer of iron between maternal and fetal circulation. Mediates iron efflux in the presence of a ferroxidase (hephaestin and/or ceruloplasmin). (570 aa)
Abcb6ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 6, mitochondrial; Binds heme and porphyrins and functions in their ATP- dependent uptake into the mitochondria. Plays a crucial role in heme synthesis. (842 aa)
Serpinf1Pigment epithelium-derived factor; Neurotrophic protein; induces extensive neuronal differentiation in retinoblastoma cells. Potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. As it does not undergo the S (stressed) to R (relaxed) conformational transition characteristic of active serpins, it exhibits no serine protease inhibitory activity. (417 aa)
PpargPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut ho [...] (505 aa)
Cdh1Cadherin-1; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7 (By similarity). (Microbial infection) Does not function as a receptor for L.monocytogenes internalin A (InlA); mutating a single surface-exposed residue confers recep [...] (884 aa)
Glra3Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3; Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels. Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine. Channel characteristics depend on the subunit composition; heteropentameric channels display faster channel closure (By similarity). Plays an important role in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability. Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Contributes to increased pain perception in response to increased prostaglandin E2 levels. Plays a role in the regulation of breathing rhythm, especially of the duration of the [...] (480 aa)
ThTyrosine 3-monooxygenase; Plays an important role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. (498 aa)
Cpne1Copine-1; Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes. Involved in the TNF- alpha receptor signaling pathway in a calcium-dependent manner. Exhibits calcium-dependent phospholipid binding properties. Plays a role in neuronal progenitor cell differentiation; induces neurite outgrowth via a AKT-dependent signaling cascade and calcium-independent manner. May recruit target proteins to the cell membrane in a calcium- dependent manner. May function in membrane trafficking. Involved in TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappa-B transcription [...] (536 aa)
Atf4Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4; Transcriptional activator. Binds the cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3'), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Binds to asymmetric CRE's as a heterodimer and to palindromic CRE's as a homodimer. Cooperates with FOXO1 in osteoblasts to regulate glucose homeostasis through suppression of beta-cell production and decrease in insulin production. Regulates the induction of DDIT3/CHOP and asparagine synthetase (ASNS) in response to ER stress. In concert with DDIT3/CHOP, activates the transcription [...] (349 aa)
Nfatc3Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3; Acts as a regulator of transcriptional activation. Plays a role in the inducible expression of cytokine genes in T-cells, especially in the induction of the IL-2 (By similarity). Along with NFATC4, involved in embryonic heart development. (1076 aa)
Dlg4Disks large homolog 4; Interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA receptor subunits and shaker-type potassium channels. Required for synaptic plasticity associated with NMDA receptor signaling. Overexpression or depletion of DLG4 changes the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses in hippocampal neurons. May reduce the amplitude of ASIC3 acid-evoked currents by retaining the channel intracellularly. May regulate the intracellular trafficking of ADR1B. Also regulates AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) immobilization at postsynaptic density keeping the channels in an activated stat [...] (724 aa)
Ect2Protein ECT2; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP. Promotes guanine nucleotide exchange on the Rho family members of small GTPases, like RHOA, RHOC, RAC1 and CDC42. Required for signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of cytokinesis. Component of the centralspindlin complex that serves as a microtubule-dependent and Rho-mediated signaling required for the myosin contractile ring formation during the cell cycle cytokinesis. Regulates the translocation of RHOA from the central spindle to the equatorial region. Plays a role i [...] (913 aa)
Syt11Synaptotagmin-11; Synaptotagmin family member involved in vesicular and membrane trafficking which does not bind Ca(2+) (Probable). Inhibits clathrin-mediated and bulk endocytosis, functions to ensure precision in vesicle retrieval. Plays an important role in dopamine transmission by regulating endocytosis and the vesicle- recycling process. Essential component of a neuronal vesicular trafficking pathway that differs from the synaptic vesicle trafficking pathway but is crucial for development and synaptic plasticity. In macrophages and microglia, inhibits the conventional cytokine secr [...] (430 aa)
AladDelta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; Catalyzes an early step in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles. Binds two molecules of 5-aminolevulinate per subunit, each at a distinct site, and catalyzes their condensation to form porphobilinogen (By similarity); Belongs to the ALAD family. (330 aa)
Dlg2Disks large homolog 2; Required for perception of chronic pain through NMDA receptor signaling. Regulates surface expression of NMDA receptors in dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord. Interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA receptor subunits as well as inward rectifying potassium channels. Involved in regulation of synaptic stability at cholinergic synapses. Part of the postsynaptic protein scaffold of excitatory synapses. (852 aa)
JunTranscription factor AP-1; Transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Promotes activity of NR5A1 when phosphorylated by HIPK3 leading to increased steroidogenic gene expression upon cAMP signaling pathway stimulation. Involved in activated KRAS-mediated transcriptional activation of USP28 (By similarity). Binds to the USP28 promoter (By similarity). (334 aa)
FusRNA-binding protein FUS; DNA/RNA-binding protein that plays a role in various cellular processes such as transcription regulation, RNA splicing, RNA transport, DNA repair and damage response. Binds to nascent pre-mRNAs and acts as a molecular mediator between RNA polymerase II and U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein thereby coupling transcription and splicing. Binds also its own pre-mRNA and autoregulates its expression; this autoregulation mechanism is mediated by non-sense-mediated decay. Plays a role in DNA repair mechanisms by promoting D-loop formation and homologous recombination [...] (518 aa)
Bnip3BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3; Apoptosis-inducing protein that can overcome BCL2 suppression. May play a role in repartitioning calcium between the two major intracellular calcium stores in association with BCL2 (By similarity). Involved in mitochondrial quality control via its interaction with SPATA18/MIEAP: in response to mitochondrial damage, participates in mitochondrial protein catabolic process (also named MALM) leading to the degradation of damaged proteins inside mitochondria. The physical interaction of SPATA18/MIEAP, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX at the mito [...] (187 aa)
JundTranscription factor jun-D; Transcription factor binding AP-1 sites. (341 aa)
Lig4DNA ligase 4; Efficiently joins single-strand breaks in a double-stranded polydeoxynucleotide in an ATP-dependent reaction. Involved in DNA nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. The LIG4-XRCC4 complex is responsible for the NHEJ ligation step, and XRCC4 enhances the joining activity of LIG4. Binding of the LIG4-XRCC4 complex to DNA ends is dependent on the assembly of the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK to these DNA ends. (911 aa)
Adgrv1Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor V1; G-protein coupled receptor which has an essential role in the development of hearing and vision. Couples to G-alpha(i)-proteins, GNAI1/2/3, G-alpha(q)-proteins, GNAQ, as well as G-alpha(s)-proteins, GNAS, inhibiting adenylate cyclase (AC) activity and cAMP production. Required for the hair bundle ankle formation, which connects growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells of the inner ear. In response to extracellular calcium, activates kinases PKA and PKC to regulate myelination by inhibiting the ubiquitination of MAG, thus enhancing th [...] (6298 aa)
CebpaCCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha; Transcription factor that coordinates proliferation arrest and the differentiation of myeloid progenitors, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and cells of the lung and the placenta. Binds directly to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3' acting as an activator on distinct target genes. During early embryogenesis, plays essential and redundant functions with CEBPB. Essential for the transition from common myeloid progenitors (CMP) to granulocyte/monocyte progenitors (GMP). Critical for the proper development of the liver and the lung. Necessary for [...] (359 aa)
Sox2Transcription factor SOX-2; Transcription factor that forms a trimeric complex with POU5F1 (OCT3/4) on DNA and controls the expression of a number of genes involved in embryonic development such as YES1, FGF4, UTF1 and ZFP206. Binds to the proximal enhancer region of NANOG. Critical for early embryogenesis and for embryonic stem cell pluripotency (By similarity). Downstream SRRT target that mediates the promotion of neural stem cell self-renewal. Keeps neural cells undifferentiated by counteracting the activity of proneural proteins and suppresses neuronal differentiation (By similarit [...] (319 aa)
Hvcn1Voltage-gated hydrogen channel 1; Mediates the voltage-dependent proton permeability of excitable membranes. Forms a proton-selective channel through which protons may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Proton efflux, accompanied by membrane depolarization, facilitates acute production of reactive oxygen species in phagocytosis. (269 aa)
Kcnk3Potassium channel subfamily K member 3; pH-dependent, voltage-insensitive, background potassium channel protein. Rectification direction results from potassium ion concentration on either side of the membrane. Acts as an outward rectifier when external potassium concentration is low. When external potassium concentration is high, current is inward. (409 aa)
Krt10Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10; Plays a role in the establishment of the epidermal barrier on plantar skin. (Microbial infection) Binds S.pneumoniae PsrP, mediating adherence of the bacteria to lung cell lines. Belongs to the intermediate filament family. (561 aa)
B2mBeta-2-microglobulin; Component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system; Belongs to the beta-2-microglobulin family. (119 aa)
Nfe2l2Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; Transcription factor that plays a key role in the response to oxidative stress: binds to antioxidant response (ARE) elements present in the promoter region of many cytoprotective genes, such as phase 2 detoxifying enzymes, and promotes their expression, thereby neutralizing reactive electrophiles. In normal conditions, ubiquitinated and degraded in the cytoplasm by the BCR(KEAP1) complex. In response to oxidative stress, electrophile metabolites inhibit activity of the BCR(KEAP1) complex, promoting nuclear accumulation of NFE2L2/NRF2, hetero [...] (597 aa)
Stk39STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase; May act as a mediator of stress-activated signals. Mediates the inhibition of SLC4A4, SLC26A6 as well as CFTR activities by the WNK scaffolds, probably through phosphorylation. Phosphorylates RELT. (556 aa)
Syt1Synaptotagmin-1; Calcium sensor that participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse. May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone. A Ca(2+)- dependent interaction between synaptotagmin and putative receptors for activated protein kinase C has also been reported. It can bind to at least three additional proteins in a Ca(2+)-independent manner; these are neur [...] (421 aa)
Trpm2Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2; Nonselective, voltage-independent cation channel that mediates Na(+) and Ca(2+) influx, leading to increased cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels. Functions as ligand-gated ion channel. Binding of ADP-ribose to the cytoplasmic Nudix domain causes a conformation change; the channel is primed but still requires Ca(2+) binding to trigger channel opening. Extracellular calcium passes through the channel and increases channel activity (By similarity). Also contributes to Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores in response to ADP-ribose [...] (1506 aa)
Kcnh1Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of a voltage-gated delayed rectifier potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by subunit assembly. Mediates IK(NI) current in myoblasts. Involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, in particular adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (By similarity). (989 aa)
Cacna1hVoltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H; Voltage-sensitive calcium channel that gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the 'low-voltage activated (LVA)' group. A particularity of this type of channel is an opening at quite negative potentials, and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle. They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons. In the adrenal [...] (2359 aa)
Plcg21-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. It is a crucial enzyme in transmembrane signaling (By similarity). (1265 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
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