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| | Sstr2 | Somatostatin receptor type 2; Receptor for somatostatin-14 and -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. In addition it stimulates phosphotyrosine phosphatase and PLC via pertussis toxin insensitive as well as sensitive G proteins. Inhibits calcium entry by suppressing voltage-dependent calcium channels. Acts as the functionally dominant somatostatin receptor in pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells where it mediates the inhibitory effect of somatostatin-14 on hormone secretion. Inhibits cell growth through enhancement of MAPK1 [...] (369 aa) |
| | Pgr | Progesterone receptor; The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Depending on the isoform, progesterone receptor functions as transcriptional activator or repressor. [Isoform B]: Transcriptional activator of several progesteron-dependent promoters in a variety of cell types. Involved in activation of SRC-dependent MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation. Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (926 aa) |
| | Paqr8 | Membrane progestin receptor beta; Plasma membrane progesterone (P4) receptor coupled to G proteins. Seems to act through a G(i) mediated pathway (By similarity). May be involved in oocyte maturation. Also binds dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), pregnanolone, pregnenolone and allopregnanolone (By similarity); Belongs to the ADIPOR family. (354 aa) |
| | Ube3a | Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and transfers it to its substrates. Several substrates have been identified including the ARNTL/BMAL1, ARC, RAD23A and RAD23B, MCM7 (which is involved in DNA replication), annexin A1, the PML tumor suppressor, and the cell cycle regulator CDKN1B. Additionally, may function as a cellular quality control ubiquitin ligase by helping the degradation of the cytoplasmic misfolded proteins. Finally, UBE3A also promotes its own degradation in vivo [...] (870 aa) |
| | Rpl32 | 60S ribosomal protein L32; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL32 family. (135 aa) |
| | Olfr78 | Olfactory receptor 51E2; Olfactory receptor. The activity of this receptor is propably mediated by G-proteins wich induce elevation of intracellular Ca(2+), cAMP and activation of phosphorylation of the protein kinases PKA and MAPK3/MAPK1. Activation of OR51E2 may affect melanocyte proliferation, differentiation, and melanogenesis and may increase proliferation and migration of primary retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells (By similarity). Activated by the short chain fatty acids (SCFA), acetate and propionate. In response to SCFA, may positively regulate renin secretion and increase [...] (320 aa) |
| | Esr2 | Estrogen receptor beta; Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1 (ER-alpha), and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner. May play a role in ovarian follicular growth and maturation; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (567 aa) |
| | Ubr5 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBR5; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which is a component of the N-end rule pathway. Ubiquitinates acetylated PCK1. Also acts as a regulator of DNA damage response by acting as a suppressor of RNF168, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes accumulation of 'Lys-63'-linked histone H2A and H2AX at DNA damage sites, thereby acting as a guard against excessive spreading of ubiquitinated chromatin at damaged chromosomes (By similarity). Recognizes and binds to proteins bearing specific N-terminal residues that are destabilizing according to the N- end rule, lea [...] (2798 aa) |
| | Ube2l3 | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3; Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 that specifically acts with HECT-type and RBR family E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases. Does not function with most RING-containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases because it lacks intrinsic E3-independent reactivity with lysine: in contrast, it has activity with the RBR family E3 enzymes, such as PRKN and ARIH1, that function like function like RING-HECT hybrids. Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitination. Involved in the [...] (154 aa) |
| | Sox10 | Transcription factor SOX-10; Transcription factor that plays a central role in developing and mature glia. Specifically activates expression of myelin genes, during oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation, such as DUSP15 and MYRF, thereby playing a central role in oligodendrocyte maturation and CNS myelination. Once induced, MYRF cooperates with SOX10 to implement the myelination program. Transcriptional activator of MITF, acting synergistically with PAX3 (By similarity). (466 aa) |
| | Ccl2 | C-C motif chemokine 2; Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 (By similarity). Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions (By similarity). Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils (By similarity). Plays an important role in mediating peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Increases NMDA-mediated synaptic transmission in both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-containing neurons, which may be caused by MAPK/ERK-dependent phospho [...] (148 aa) |
| | Scnn1g | Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit gamma; Sodium permeable non-voltage-sensitive ion channel inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Mediates the electrodiffusion of the luminal sodium (and water, which follows osmotically) through the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Plays an essential role in electrolyte and blood pressure homeostasis, but also in airway surface liquid homeostasis, which is important for proper clearance of mucus. Controls the reabsorption of sodium in kidney, colon, lung and sweat glands. Also plays a role in taste perception; Belongs to the amiloride-sensi [...] (655 aa) |
| | Serpinf1 | Pigment epithelium-derived factor; Neurotrophic protein; induces extensive neuronal differentiation in retinoblastoma cells. Potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. As it does not undergo the S (stressed) to R (relaxed) conformational transition characteristic of active serpins, it exhibits no serine protease inhibitory activity. (417 aa) |
| | Ace | Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form; Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of the terminal His-Leu, this results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Has also a glycosidase activity which releases GPI- anchored proteins from the membrane by cleaving the mannose linkage in the GPI moiety. This GPIase activity seems to be crucial for the egg- binding ability of the sperm; Belongs to the peptidase M2 family. (1312 aa) |
| | Tgfb1 | Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration. Activation into mature form follows different [...] (390 aa) |
| | Phb2 | Prohibitin-2; Acts as a mediator of transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors via recruitment of histone deacetylases. Functions as an estrogen receptor (ER)-selective coregulator that potentiates the inhibitory activities of antiestrogens and represses the activity of estrogens. Competes with NCOA1 for modulation of ER transcriptional activity. In mitochondria, regulates cytochrome-c oxidase assembly (COX) and mitochondrial respiration. Binding to sphingoid 1-phosphate (SPP) modulates its regulator activity. Belongs to the prohibitin family. (299 aa) |
| | Aqp1 | Aquaporin-1; Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of red cells and kidney proximal tubules with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. (269 aa) |
| | Igf1r | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor alpha chain; Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates actions of insulin- like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Binds IGF1 with high affinity and IGF2 and insulin (INS) with a lower affinity. The activated IGF1R is involved in cell growth and survival control. IGF1R is crucial for tumor transformation and survival of malignant cell. Ligand binding activates the receptor kinase, leading to receptor autophosphorylation, and tyrosines phosphorylation of multiple substrates, that function as signaling adapter proteins including, the insulin-receptor substrates ( [...] (1369 aa) |
| | Tfap4 | Transcription factor AP4. (338 aa) |
| | Rhoa | Transforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis (By similarity). [...] (193 aa) |
| | Bmp7 | Bone morphogenetic protein 7; Induces cartilage and bone formation. May be the osteoinductive factor responsible for the phenomenon of epithelial osteogenesis. Plays a role in calcium regulation and bone homeostasis. (430 aa) |
| | Stc1 | Stanniocalcin-1; Stimulates renal phosphate reabsorption, and could therefore prevent hypercalcemia; Belongs to the stanniocalcin family. (247 aa) |
| | Rxrg | Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma; Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. The high affinity ligand for RXRs is 9-cis retinoic acid (By similarity). (463 aa) |
| | Ywhah | 14-3-3 protein eta; Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Negatively regulates the kinase activity of PDPK1 (By similarity). (246 aa) |
| | Rwdd1 | RWD domain-containing protein 1; Protects DRG2 from proteolytic degradation. Belongs to the RWDD1/GIR2 family. (243 aa) |
| | Atp2b1 | Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space thereby maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. Plays a role in blood pressure regulation through regulation of intracellular calcium concentration and nitric oxide production leading to regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells vasoconstriction. Positively regulates bone mineralization through absorption of calcium from the intestine. Plays dual roles in osteoclast differentiation and survival by regulating RANKL-ind [...] (1220 aa) |
| | Arg1 | Arginase-1; Key element of the urea cycle converting L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine, which is further metabolized into metabolites proline and polyamides that drive collagen synthesis and bioenergetic pathways critical for cell proliferation, respectively; the urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys. (323 aa) |
| | Ddit4 | DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein; Regulates cell growth, proliferation and survival via inhibition of the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Inhibition of mTORC1 is mediated by a pathway that involves DDIT4/REDD1, AKT1, the TSC1-TSC2 complex and the GTPase RHEB. Plays an important role in responses to cellular energy levels and cellular stress, including responses to hypoxia and DNA damage. Regulates p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage via its effect on mTORC1 activity. Its role in the response to hypoxia depends on the cell typ [...] (229 aa) |
| | Egfr | Epidermal growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, AREG, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least [...] (1210 aa) |
| | Ddx5 | Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5; Involved in the alternative regulation of pre-mRNA splicing; its RNA helicase activity is necessary for increasing tau exon 10 inclusion and occurs in a RBM4-dependent manner. Binds to the tau pre- mRNA in the stem-loop region downstream of exon 10. The rate of ATP hydrolysis is highly stimulated by single-stranded RNA. Involved in transcriptional regulation; the function is independent of the RNA helicase activity. Transcriptional coactivator for androgen receptor AR but probably not ESR1. Synergizes with DDX17 and SRA1 RNA to activate MYOD1 t [...] (615 aa) |
| | Zfp36l1 | mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36L1; Zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that destabilizes several cytoplasmic AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA transcripts by promoting their poly(A) tail removal or deadenylation, and hence provide a mechanism for attenuating protein synthesis. Acts as a 3'- untranslated region (UTR) ARE mRNA-binding adapter protein to communicate signaling events to the mRNA decay machinery (By similarity). Functions by recruiting the CCR4-NOT deadenylating complex and components of the cytoplasmic RNA decay machinery to the bound ARE- containing mRNAs, and hence pr [...] (338 aa) |
| | Edn1 | Big endothelin-1; Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides (By similarity). Probable ligand for G-protein coupled receptors EDNRA and EDNRB which activates PTK2B, BCAR1, BCAR3 and, GTPases RAP1 and RHOA cascade in glomerular mesangial cells (By similarity). Belongs to the endothelin/sarafotoxin family. (202 aa) |
| | Nkx3-1 | Homeobox protein Nkx-3.1; Transcription factor, which binds preferentially the consensus sequence 5'-TAAGT[AG]-3' and can behave as a transcriptional repressor (By similarity). Plays an important role in normal prostate development, regulating proliferation of glandular epithelium and in the formation of ducts in prostate. Acts as a tumor suppressor controlling prostate carcinogenesis, as shown by the ability to suppress growth and tumorigenicity of prostate carcinoma cells. Plays a role in the formation of minor salivary glands (particularly palatine and lingual glands). Essential for [...] (237 aa) |
| | Acod1 | Cis-aconitate decarboxylase; Involved in the inhibition of the inflammatory response. Acts as a negative regulator of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated inflammatory innate response by stimulating the tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein TNFAIP3 expression via reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-tolerized macrophages. Involved in antimicrobial response of innate immune cells; ACOD1-mediated itaconic acid production contributes to the antimicrobial activity of macrophages. Plays a role in the embryo implantation. (488 aa) |
| | Gdnf | Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; Neurotrophic factor that enhances survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high- affinity dopamine uptake. (240 aa) |
| | Fbxo32 | F-box only protein 32; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Probably recognizes and binds to phosphorylated target proteins during skeletal muscle atrophy. Recognizes TERF1 (By similarity). (355 aa) |
| | Calcoco1 | Calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1; Functions as a coactivator for aryl hydrocarbon and nuclear receptors (NR). Recruited to promoters through its contact with the N- terminal basic helix-loop-helix-Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain of transcription factors or coactivators, such as NCOA2. During ER- activation acts synergistically in combination with other NCOA2-binding proteins, such as EP300, CREBBP and CARM1. Involved in the transcriptional activation of target genes in the Wnt/CTNNB1 pathway. Functions as a secondary coactivator in LEF1-mediated transcriptional act [...] (691 aa) |
| | Sva | Seminal vesicle antigen. (158 aa) |
| | Cyp1b1 | Cytochrome P450 1B1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (By similarity). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (By similarity). Exhibits catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2- and 4-hydroxy E2. Metabolizes testosterone and progesterone [...] (543 aa) |
| | Npc1 | NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1; Intracellular cholesterol transporter which acts in concert with NPC2 and plays an important role in the egress of cholesterol from the endosomal/lysosomal compartment. Unesterified cholesterol that has been released from LDLs in the lumen of the late endosomes/lysosomes is transferred by NPC2 to the cholesterol-binding pocket in the N-terminal domain of NPC1. Cholesterol binds to NPC1 with the hydroxyl group buried in the binding pocket (By similarity). May play a role in vesicular trafficking in glia, a process that may be crucial for main [...] (1277 aa) |
| | Anxa1 | Annexin A1; Plays important roles in the innate immune response as effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses and regulator of the inflammatory process. Has anti-inflammatory activity. Plays a role in glucocorticoid-mediated down-regulation of the early phase of the inflammatory response. Promotes resolution of inflammation and wound healing. Functions at least in part by activating the formyl peptide receptors and downstream signaling cascades. Promotes chemotaxis of granulocytes and monocytes via activation of the formyl peptide receptors (By similarity). Contributes to the adapti [...] (346 aa) |
| | Esrra | Steroid hormone receptor ERR1; Binds to an ERR-alpha response element (ERRE) containing a single consensus half-site, 5'-TNAAGGTCA-3'. Can bind to the medium- chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) response element NRRE-1 and may act as an important regulator of MCAD promoter. Binds to the C1 region of the lactoferrin gene promoter. Requires dimerization and the coactivator, PGC-1A, for full activity. The ERRalpha/PGC1alpha complex is a regulator of energy metabolism. Induces the expression of PERM1 in the skeletal muscle (By similarity); Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor fam [...] (422 aa) |
| | Atp5a1 | ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the [...] (553 aa) |
| | Il17a | Interleukin-17A; Ligand for IL17RA. The heterodimer formed by IL17A and IL17F is a ligand for the heterodimeric complex formed by IL17RA and IL17RC (By similarity). Involved in inducing stromal cells to produce proinflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines (By similarity). (158 aa) |
| | Mstn | Growth/differentiation factor 8; Acts specifically as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. (376 aa) |
| | Esrrg | Estrogen-related receptor gamma; Orphan receptor that acts as transcription activator in the absence of bound ligand. Binds specifically to an estrogen response element and activates reporter genes controlled by estrogen response elements. Induces the expression of PERM1 in the skeletal muscle. (458 aa) |
| | Bmi1 | Polycomb complex protein BMI-1; Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. The complex composed of RNF2, UB2D3 and BMI1 binds nucleosomes, and has activity only with nucleosomal histone H2A. In the PRC1-like complex, regulates the E3 ub [...] (324 aa) |
| | Cst11 | Cystatin-11; Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria E.coli. May play a role in sperm maturation and fertilization. Belongs to the cystatin family. (139 aa) |
| | Pck1 | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]; Regulates cataplerosis and anaplerosis, the processes that control the levels of metabolic intermediates in the citric acid cycle. At low glucose levels, it catalyzes the cataplerotic conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the rate-limiting step in the metabolic pathway that produces glucose from lactate and other precursors derived from the citric acid cycle. At high glucose levels, it catalyzes the anaplerotic conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate; Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [...] (622 aa) |
| | Eif4e | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E; Recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine-containing mRNA cap during an early step in the initiation of protein synthesis and facilitates ribosome binding by inducing the unwinding of the mRNAs secondary structures. May play an important role in spermatogenesis through translational regulation of stage-specific mRNAs during germ cell development (By similarity). Its translation stimulation activity is repressed by binding to the complex CYFIP1-FMR1. Component of the CYFIP1-EIF4E-FMR1 complex which binds to the mRNA cap and mediates translat [...] (217 aa) |
| | Casp9 | Caspase-9 subunit p10; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Binding of caspase-9 to Apaf-1 leads to activation of the protease which then cleaves and activates caspase-3. Promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis in a ABL1/c-Abl-dependent manner. Proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (By similarity). (454 aa) |
| | Padi2 | Protein-arginine deiminase type-2; Catalyzes the deimination of arginine residues of proteins. (673 aa) |
| | Errfi1 | ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1; Negative regulator of EGFR signaling in skin morphogenesis. Acts as a negative regulator for several EGFR family members, including ERBB2, ERBB3 and ERBB4. Inhibits EGFR catalytic activity by interfering with its dimerization. Inhibits autophosphorylation of EGFR, ERBB2 and ERBB4. Important for normal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Plays a role in modulating the response to steroid hormones in the uterus. Required for normal response to progesterone in the uterus and for fertility. Mediates epithelial estrogen responses in the uterus [...] (461 aa) |
| | Ugt2b1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (529 aa) |
| | Abcg2 | Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2; Broad substrate specificity ATP-dependent transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family that actively extrudes a wide variety of physiological compounds, dietary toxins and xenobiotics from cells. Involved in porphyrin homeostasis, mediating the export of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) from both mitochondria to cytosol and cytosol to extracellular space, it also functions in the cellular export of heme. Also mediates the efflux of sphingosine-1-P from cells (By similarity). Acts as a urate exporter functioning in both [...] (657 aa) |
| | Fkbp4 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP4, N-terminally processed; Immunophilin protein with PPIase and co-chaperone activities. Component of steroid receptors heterocomplexes through interaction with heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90). May play a role in the intracellular trafficking of heterooligomeric forms of steroid hormone receptors between cytoplasm and nuclear compartments. The isomerase activity controls neuronal growth cones via regulation of TRPC1 channel opening. Acts also as a regulator of microtubule dynamics by inhibiting MAPT/TAU ability to promote microtubule assembly. May [...] (458 aa) |
| | Scnn1b | Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit beta; Sodium permeable non-voltage-sensitive ion channel inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Mediates the electrodiffusion of the luminal sodium (and water, which follows osmotically) through the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Plays an essential role in electrolyte and blood pressure homeostasis, but also in airway surface liquid homeostasis, which is important for proper clearance of mucus. Controls the reabsorption of sodium in kidney, colon, lung and sweat glands. Also plays a role in taste perception. (638 aa) |
| | Eif4ebp1 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1; Repressor of translation initiation that regulates EIF4E activity by preventing its assembly into the eIF4F complex: hypophosphorylated form competes with EIF4G1/EIF4G3 and strongly binds to EIF4E, leading to repress translation. In contrast, hyperphosphorylated form dissociates from EIF4E, allowing interaction between EIF4G1/EIF4G3 and EIF4E, leading to initiation of translation (By similarity). Mediates the regulation of protein translation by hormones, growth factors and other stimuli that signal through the MAP kinase a [...] (117 aa) |
| | Plat | Tissue-type plasminogen activator chain A; Converts the abundant, but inactive, zymogen plasminogen to plasmin by hydrolyzing a single Arg-Val bond in plasminogen. By controlling plasmin-mediated proteolysis, it plays an important role in tissue remodeling and degradation, in cell migration and many other physiopathological events; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (559 aa) |
| | Star | Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial; Plays a key role in steroid hormone synthesis by enhancing the metabolism of cholesterol into pregnenolone. Transporter that binds to and transport cholesterol through the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. (284 aa) |
| | Pou4f2 | POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 2; Tissue-specific DNA-binding transcription factor involved in the development and differentiation of target cells. Functions either as activator or repressor by modulating the rate of target gene transcription through RNA polymerase II enzyme in a promoter-dependent manner. Binds to the consensus octamer motif 5'-AT[A/T]A[T/A]T[A/T]A-3' of promoter of target genes. Plays a fundamental role in the gene regulatory network essential for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation. Binds to an octamer site to form a ternary complex with ISL1; coo [...] (411 aa) |
| | Carm1 | Histone-arginine methyltransferase CARM1; Methylates (mono- and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues in several proteins involved in DNA packaging, transcription regulation, pre-mRNA splicing, and mRNA stability. Recruited to promoters upon gene activation together with histone acetyltransferases from EP300/P300 and p160 families, methylates histone H3 at 'Arg-17' (H3R17me), forming mainly asymmetric dimethylarginine (H3R17me2a), leading to activates transcription via chromatin remodeling. During nuclear hormone receptor activation and TCF7L2/TCF4 activ [...] (608 aa) |
| | Nedd4 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Specifically ubiquitinates 'Lys-63' in target proteins (By similarity). Monoubiquitinates IGF1R at multiple sites, thus leading to receptor internalization and degradation in lysosomes. Ubiquitinates FGFR1, leading to receptor internalization and degradation in lysosomes. Involved in ubiquitination of ERBB4 intracellular domain E4ICD1. Predominantly involved in ubiquiti [...] (887 aa) |
| | Rxrb | Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta; Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE); Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily. (524 aa) |
| | Cyp7b1 | Cytochrome P450 7B1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of endogenous oxysterols and steroid hormones, including neurosteroids. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH- ferrihemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon hydrogen bonds of steroids with a preference for 7-alpha position. Usually metabolizes steroids carrying a hydroxy group at position 3, functioning as a 3-hydroxy [...] (507 aa) |
| | Abhd2 | Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD2; Progesterone-dependent acylglycerol lipase that catalyzes hydrolysis of endocannabinoid arachidonoylglycerol (AG) from cell membrane. Acts as a progesterone receptor: progesterone-binding activates the acylglycerol lipase activity, mediating degradation of 1- arachidonoylglycerol (1AG) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) to glycerol and arachidonic acid (AA). Also displays an ester hydrolase activity against acetyl ester, butanoate ester and hexadecanoate ester. Plays a key role in sperm capacitation in response to progesterone by mediating degradation of 2A [...] (425 aa) |
| | Pck2 | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP], mitochondrial; Catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the rate-limiting step in the metabolic pathway that produces glucose from lactate and other precursors derived from the citric acid cycle. (667 aa) |
| | Flt3 | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for the cytokine FLT3LG and regulates differentiation, proliferation and survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells and of dendritic cells. Promotes phosphorylation of SHC1 and AKT1, and activation of the downstream effector MTOR. Promotes activation of RAS signaling and phosphorylation of downstream kinases, including MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. Promotes phosphorylation of FES, FER, PTPN6/SHP, PTPN11/SHP-2, PLCG1, and STAT5A and/or STAT5B. Activation of wild-type FLT3 causes only m [...] (1000 aa) |
| | Atp1a1 | Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1; This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients. Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIC subfamily. (1023 aa) |
| | Mgarp | Protein MGARP; Plays a role in the trafficking of mitochondria along microtubules. Regulates the kinesin-mediated axonal transport of mitochondria to nerve terminals along microtubules during hypoxia. Participates in the translocation of TRAK2/GRIF1 from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrion. Also plays a role in steroidogenesis through maintenance of mitochondrial abundance and morphology. (283 aa) |
| | Aifm1 | Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial; Functions both as NADH oxidoreductase and as regulator of apoptosis (By similarity). In response to apoptotic stimuli, it is released from the mitochondrion intermembrane space into the cytosol and to the nucleus, where it functions as a proapoptotic factor in a caspase-independent pathway. The soluble form (AIFsol) found in the nucleus induces 'parthanatos' i.e. caspase-independent fragmentation of chromosomal DNA. Binds to DNA in a sequence- independent manner. Interacts with EIF3G, and thereby inhibits the EIF3 machinery and protein synthe [...] (612 aa) |
| | Abcb1a | ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1; Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane. Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D- glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins. Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug- resistant cells (By similarity). (1276 aa) |
| | Isl1 | Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1; DNA-binding transcriptional activator. Recognizes and binds to the consensus octamer binding site 5'-ATAATTAA-3' in promoter of target genes. Plays a fundamental role in the gene regulatory network essential for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation. Cooperates with the transcription factor POU4F2 to achieve maximal levels of expression of RGC target genes and RGC fate specification in the developing retina. Involved in the specification of motor neurons in cooperation with LHX3 and LDB1. Binds to insulin gene enhancer sequences (By similarity [...] (349 aa) |
| | Klf9 | Krueppel-like factor 9; Transcription factor that binds to GC box promoter elements. Selectively activates mRNA synthesis from genes containing tandem repeats of GC boxes but represses genes with a single GC box. Acts as an epidermal circadian transcription factor regulating keratinocyte proliferation; Belongs to the Sp1 C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (244 aa) |
| | Ephx1 | Epoxide hydrolase 1; Biotransformation enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arene and aliphatic epoxides to less reactive and more water soluble dihydrodiols by the trans addition of water. May play a role in the metabolism of endogenous lipids such as epoxide-containing fatty acids. Belongs to the peptidase S33 family. (455 aa) |
| | Hnrnpu | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U; DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in several cellular processes such as nuclear chromatin organization, telomere-length regulation, transcription, mRNA alternative splicing and stability, Xist-mediated transcriptional silencing and mitotic cell progression. Plays a role in the regulation of interphase large-scale gene-rich chromatin organization through chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) in a transcription-dependent manner, and thereby maintains genomic stability (By similarity). Required for the localization of the long non-coding Xist RN [...] (800 aa) |
| | Ptges3 | Prostaglandin E synthase 3; Cytosolic prostaglandin synthase that catalyzes the oxidoreduction of prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Molecular chaperone that localizes to genomic response elements in a hormone-dependent manner and disrupts receptor-mediated transcriptional activation, by promoting disassembly of transcriptional regulatory complexes. Facilitates HIF alpha proteins hydroxylation via interaction with EGLN1/PHD2, leading to recruit EGLN1/PHD2 to the HSP90 pathway; Belongs to the p23/wos2 family. (160 aa) |
| | Zfp36l2 | mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36L2; Zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that destabilizes several cytoplasmic AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA transcripts by promoting their poly(A) tail removal or deadenylation, and hence provide a mechanism for attenuating protein synthesis. Acts as a 3'-untranslated region (UTR) ARE mRNA-binding adapter protein to communicate signaling events to the mRNA decay machinery (By similarity). Functions by recruiting the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex and probably other components of the cytoplasmic RNA decay machinery to the bound ARE-containing mRNAs, a [...] (484 aa) |
| | Sstr5 | Somatostatin receptor type 5; Receptor for somatostatin-28. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Increases cell growth inhibition activity of SSTR2 following heterodimerization. (362 aa) |
| | Axin2 | Axin-2; Inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. Down-regulates beta- catenin. Probably facilitate the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and APC by GSK3B. (840 aa) |
| | Dnmt3b | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B; Required for genome-wide de novo methylation and is essential for the establishment of DNA methylation patterns during development. DNA methylation is coordinated with methylation of histones. May preferentially methylates nucleosomal DNA within the nucleosome core region. May function as transcriptional co-repressor by associating with CBX4 and independently of DNA methylation. Seems to be involved in gene silencing. In association with DNMT1 and via the recruitment of CTCFL/BORIS, involved in activation of BAG1 gene expression by modulating dime [...] (860 aa) |
| | Ar | Androgen receptor; Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins like ZBTB7A that recruits NCOR1 and NCOR2 to the androgen response elements/ARE on target genes, negatively regulating androgen receptor signaling and androgen-induced cell proliferation. Transcription activation is also down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DA [...] (899 aa) |
| | Gjb2 | Gap junction beta-2 protein; Structural component of gap junctions. Gap junctions are dodecameric channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining cells. They are formed by the docking of two hexameric hemichannels, one from each cell membrane (By similarity). Small molecules and ions diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell via the central pore. (226 aa) |
| | Foxo1 | Forkhead box protein O1; Transcription factor that is the main target of insulin signaling and regulates metabolic homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. Binds to the insulin response element (IRE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTTG-3' and the related Daf-16 family binding element (DBE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTAC-3'. Activity suppressed by insulin. Main regulator of redox balance and osteoblast numbers and controls bone mass. Orchestrates the endocrine function of the skeleton in regulating glucose metabolism. Acts synergistically with ATF4 to suppress osteocalc [...] (652 aa) |
| | Ddx17 | Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX17; As an RNA helicase, unwinds RNA and alters RNA structures through ATP binding and hydrolysis. Involved in multiple cellular processes, including pre-mRNA splicing, alternative splicing, ribosomal RNA processing and miRNA processing, as well as transcription regulation. Regulates the alternative splicing of exons exhibiting specific features. This function requires the RNA helicase activity. Affects NFAT5 and histone macro-H2A.1/MACROH2A1 alternative splicing in a CDK9-dependent manner. Affects splicing of mediators of steroid hormone signaling [...] (652 aa) |
| | Ifnb1 | Interferon beta; Has antiviral, antibacterial and anticancer activities; Belongs to the alpha/beta interferon family. (182 aa) |
| | Zfp36 | mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36; Zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that destabilizes numerous cytoplasmic AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA transcripts by promoting their poly(A) tail removal or deadenylation, and hence provide a mechanism for attenuating protein synthesis. Acts as an 3'- untranslated region (UTR) ARE mRNA-binding adapter protein to communicate signaling events to the mRNA decay machinery. Recruits deadenylase CNOT7 (and probably the CCR4- NOT complex) via association with CNOT1, and hence promotes ARE- mediated mRNA deadenylation. Functions also by recruiting com [...] (319 aa) |
| | Sstr3 | Somatostatin receptor type 3; Receptor for somatostatin-14 and -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. (428 aa) |
| | Crh | Corticoliberin; Hormone regulating the release of corticotropin from pituitary gland. Induces NLRP6 in intestinal epithelial cells, hence may influence gut microbiota profile. (187 aa) |
| | Mettl21c | Protein-lysine methyltransferase METTL21C; Protein-lysine methyltransferase. (248 aa) |
| | Npas4 | Neuronal PAS domain-containing protein 4; Transcription factor expressed in neurons of the brain that regulates the excitatory-inhibitory balance within neural circuits and is required for contextual memory in the hyppocampus. Plays a key role in the structural and functional plasticity of neurons. Acts as an early-response transcription factor in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, where it induces distinct but overlapping sets of late-response genes in these two types of neurons, allowing the synapses that form on inhibitory and excitatory neurons to be modified by neuronal activ [...] (802 aa) |
| | Jak2 | Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2; Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, differentiation or histone modifications. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors such as growth hormone (GHR), prolactin (PRLR), leptin (LEPR), erythropoietin (EPOR), thrombopoietin (THPO); or type II receptors including IFN-alpha, IFN- beta, IFN-gamma and multiple interleukins. Following ligand-binding to cell surface receptors [...] (1132 aa) |
| | Taf7 | Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 7; Functions as a component of the DNA-binding general transcription factor complex TFIID, a multimeric protein complex that plays a central role in mediating promoter responses to various activators and repressors. Present in both of the previously described TFIID species which either lack or contain TAFII30 (TFIID alpha and TFIID beta respectively). (341 aa) |
| | Adcyap1 | Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 27; Binding to its receptor activates G proteins and stimulates adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells (By similarity). Promotes neuron projection development through the RAPGEF2/Rap1/B-Raf/ERK pathway (By similarity). In chromaffin cells, induces long-lasting increase of intracellular calcium concentrations and neuroendocrine secretion (By similarity). Involved in the control of glucose homeostasis, induces insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. (175 aa) |
| | Agtr1b | Type-1B angiotensin II receptor; Receptor for angiotensin II. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (359 aa) |
| | Yap1 | Transcriptional coactivator YAP1; Transcriptional regulator which can act both as a coactivator and a corepressor and is the critical downstream regulatory target in the Hippo signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncopro [...] (488 aa) |
| | Agtr1a | Type-1A angiotensin II receptor; Receptor for angiotensin II. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. (359 aa) |
| | Gsk3a | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha; Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle. M [...] (490 aa) |
| | Adtrp | Androgen-dependent TFPI-regulating protein; Hydrolyzes bioactive fatty-acid esters of hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFAs), but not other major classes of lipids (By similarity). Shows a preference for FAHFAs with branching distal from the carboxylate head group of the lipids (By similarity). Regulates the expression and the cell-associated anticoagulant activity of the inhibitor TFPI in endothelial cells (in vitro) (By similarity). Belongs to the AIG1 family. (262 aa) |
| | Myod1 | Myoblast determination protein 1; Acts as a transcriptional activator that promotes transcription of muscle-specific target genes and plays a role in muscle differentiation. Together with MYF5 and MYOG, co-occupies muscle-specific gene promoter core region during myogenesis. Induces fibroblasts to differentiate into myoblasts. Interacts with and is inhibited by the twist protein. This interaction probably involves the basic domains of both proteins. (318 aa) |
| | Ugt1a1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1; UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. (535 aa) |
| | Bmp4 | Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction. (408 aa) |
| | Wbp2 | WW domain-binding protein 2; Acts as transcriptional coactivator of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ESR1 and PGR) upon hormone activation. In presence of estrogen, binds to ESR1-responsive promoters. Required for YAP1 coactivation function on PGR activity. Synergizes with WBP2 in enhancing PGR activity (By similarity). Modulates expression of post- synaptic scaffolding proteins via regulation of ESR1, ESR2 and PGR. (261 aa) |
| | Ppargc1b | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta; Plays a role of stimulator of transcription factors and nuclear receptors activities. Activates transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and glucocorticoid receptor in the presence of glucocorticoids. May play a role in constitutive non-adrenergic-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis as suggested by increased basal oxygen consumption and mitochondrial number when overexpressed. May be part of the pathways regulating the elevation of gluconeogenesis, beta-oxidation of fatty [...] (1014 aa) |
| | Rxra | Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha; Receptor for retinoic acid that acts as a transcription factor. Forms homo- or heterodimers with retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and binds to target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9- cis retinoic acid, to regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5 to regulate transcription. The high affinity ligand for retinoid X receptors (RXRs) is 9-cis retinoic acid. In the absence of ligand, t [...] (467 aa) |
| | Rest | RE1-silencing transcription factor; Transcriptional repressor which binds neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE) and represses neuronal gene transcription in non-neuronal cells. Restricts the expression of neuronal genes by associating with two distinct corepressors, SIN3A and RCOR1, which in turn recruit histone deacetylase to the promoters of REST-regulated genes (By similarity). Mediates repression by recruiting the BHC complex at RE1/NRSE sites which acts by deacetylating and demethylating specific sites on histones, thereby acting as a chromatin modifier (By similarity). Trans [...] (1082 aa) |
| | Scnn1a | Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit alpha; Sodium permeable non-voltage-sensitive ion channel inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Mediates the electrodiffusion of the luminal sodium (and water, which follows osmotically) through the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Plays an essential role in electrolyte and blood pressure homeostasis, but also in airway surface liquid homeostasis, which is important for proper clearance of mucus. Controls the reabsorption of sodium in kidney, colon, lung and eccrine sweat glands. Also plays a role in taste perception. Belongs to the amilori [...] (700 aa) |
| | Gper1 | G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1; G-protein coupled estrogen receptor that binds to 17-beta- estradiol (E2) with high affinity, leading to rapid and transient activation of numerous intracellular signaling pathways. Stimulates cAMP production, calcium mobilization and tyrosine kinase Src inducing the release of heparin-bound epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) and subsequent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), activating downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK. Mediates pleiotropic functions among others in the cardiovascular, endocrine [...] (375 aa) |
| | mt-Nd3 | NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3; Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). (115 aa) |
| | Uri1 | Unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor; Involved in gene transcription regulation. Acts as a transcriptional repressor in concert with the corepressor UXT to regulate androgen receptor (AR) transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor to repress AR-mediated gene transcription and to inhibit anchorage-independent growth in prostate cancer cells. Required for cell survival in ovarian cancer cells. Together with UXT, associates with chromatin to the NKX3-1 promoter region (By similarity). Belongs to the RNA polymerase II subunit 5-mediating protein family. (531 aa) |
| | Atp1a2 | Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2; This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients (By similarity). (1020 aa) |
| | Agtr2 | Type-2 angiotensin II receptor; Receptor for angiotensin II. Cooperates with MTUS1 to inhibit ERK2 activation and cell proliferation. (363 aa) |
| | Hmgcs2 | Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, mitochondrial; This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase. (508 aa) |
| | Srd5a1 | 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1; Converts testosterone into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone and progesterone or corticosterone into their corresponding 5-alpha-3- oxosteroids. It plays a central role in sexual differentiation and androgen physiology (By similarity). (255 aa) |
| | Src | Neuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. Due to functional redun [...] (541 aa) |
| | Safb | Scaffold attachment factor B1; Binds to scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) DNA and forms a molecular assembly point to allow the formation of a 'transcriptosomal' complex (consisting of SR proteins and RNA polymerase II) coupling transcription and RNA processing. Can function as an estrogen receptor corepressor and can also bind to the HSP27 promoter and decrease its transcription. Can inhibit cell proliferation. When associated with RBMX, binds to and stimulates transcription from the SREBF1 promoter. (937 aa) |
| | Tmf1 | TATA element modulatory factor; Potential coactivator of the androgen receptor. May play critical roles in two RAB6-dependent retrograde transport processes: one from endosomes to the Golgi and the other from the Golgi to the ER (By similarity). Mediates STAT3 degradation. (1091 aa) |
| | Ass1 | Argininosuccinate synthase; One of the enzymes of the urea cycle, the metabolic pathway transforming neurotoxic amonia produced by protein catabolism into inocuous urea in the liver of ureotelic animals. Catalyzes the formation of arginosuccinate from aspartate, citrulline and ATP and together with ASL it is responsible for the biosynthesis of arginine in most body tissues. (412 aa) |
| | Igf1 | Insulin-like growth factor I; The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation (By similarity). Ca(2 [...] (159 aa) |
| | Foxo3 | Forkhead box protein O3; Transcriptional activator that recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]TAAA[TC]A-3' and regulates different processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Acts as a positive regulator of autophagy in skeletal muscle: in starved cells, enters the nucleus following dephosphorylation and binds the promoters of autophagy genes, such as GABARAP1L, MAP1LC3B and ATG12, thereby activating their expression, resulting in proteolysis of skeletal muscle proteins. Triggers apoptosis in the absence of survival factors, including neuronal cell death upon oxidative stress [...] (672 aa) |
| | Esr1 | Estrogen receptor; Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE- independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial a [...] (599 aa) |
| | Trim63 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM63; E3 ubiquitin ligase. Mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CKM, GMEB1 and HIBADH. Regulates the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins under amino acid starvation, where muscle protein is catabolized to provide other organs with amino acids. Inhibits de novo skeletal muscle protein synthesis under amino acid starvation. Regulates proteasomal degradation of cardiac troponin I/TNNI3 and probably of other sarcomeric-associated proteins. May play a role in striated muscle atrophy and hypertrophy by regulating an anti-h [...] (355 aa) |
| | Arid1a | AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Binds DNA non-specifically. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex). During neural devel [...] (2283 aa) |
| | Med1 | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 1; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Essential for embryogenes [...] (1575 aa) |
| | Ppara | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn- glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety. Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and [...] (468 aa) |
| | Nr3c2 | Mineralocorticoid receptor; Receptor for both mineralocorticoids (MC) such as aldosterone and glucocorticoids (GC) such as corticosterone or cortisol. Binds to mineralocorticoid response elements (MRE) and transactivates target genes. The effect of MC is to increase ion and water transport and thus raise extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure and lower potassium levels; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (980 aa) |
| | Sstr4 | Somatostatin receptor type 4; Receptor for somatostatin-14. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibits adenylyl cyclase. It is functionally coupled not only to inhibition of adenylate cyclase, but also to activation of both arachidonate release and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. (385 aa) |
| | Esrrb | Steroid hormone receptor ERR2; Transcription factor that binds a canonical ESRRB recognition (ERRE) sequence 5'TCAAGGTCA-3' localized on promoter and enhancer of targets genes regulating their expression or their transcriptional activity. Plays a role, in a LIF-independent manner, in maintainance of self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic and trophoblast stem cells through different signaling pathways including FGF signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathways. Upon FGF signaling pathway activation, interacts with KDM1A by directly binding to enhancer site of ELF5 and EOMES and activ [...] (454 aa) |
| | Usp8 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 8; Hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from proteins and therefore plays an important regulatory role at the level of protein turnover by preventing degradation. Converts both 'Lys-48' an 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains. Catalytic activity is enhanced in the M phase. Involved in cell proliferation. Required to enter into S phase in response to serum stimulation. May regulate T-cell anergy mediated by RNF128 via the formation of a complex containing RNF128 and OTUB1. Probably regulates the stability of STAM2 and RASGRF1. Regulates endoso [...] (1091 aa) |
| | Tfpi | Tissue factor pathway inhibitor; Inhibits factor X (X(a)) directly and, in a Xa-dependent way, inhibits VIIa/tissue factor activity, presumably by forming a quaternary Xa/LACI/VIIa/TF complex. It possesses an antithrombotic action and also the ability to associate with lipoproteins in plasma (By similarity). (306 aa) |
| | Ugt1a6b | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (531 aa) |
| | Cflar | CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator subunit p12; Apoptosis regulator protein which may function as a crucial link between cell survival and cell death pathways in mammalian cells. Acts as an inhibitor of TNFRSF6 mediated apoptosis. A proteolytic fragment (p43) is likely retained in the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) thereby blocking further recruitment and processing of caspase-8 at the complex. Full length and shorter isoforms have been shown either to induce apoptosis or to reduce TNFRSF-triggered apoptosis. Lacks enzymatic (caspase) activity (By similarity). Belongs to [...] (481 aa) |
| | Gsk3b | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta; Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glyc [...] (433 aa) |
| | Pias2 | E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS2; Functions as an E3-type small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase, stabilizing the interaction between UBE2I and the substrate, and as a SUMO-tethering factor. Plays a crucial role as a transcriptional coregulation in various cellular pathways, including the STAT pathway, the p53 pathway and the steroid hormone signaling pathway. The effects of this transcriptional coregulation, transactivation or silencing may vary depending upon the biological context and PIAS2 isoform studied. However, it seems to be mostly involved in gene silencing. Binds to sumoyla [...] (621 aa) |
| | Nr3c1 | Glucocorticoid receptor; Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Involved in chromatin remodeling. Plays a role in rapid mRNA degradation by binding to the 5' UTR of target mRNAs and interacting with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner which recruits the RNA helicase UPF1 and the mRNA-decapping enzyme DCP [...] (792 aa) |
| | Trip4 | Activating signal cointegrator 1; Transcription coactivator which associates with nuclear receptors, transcriptional coactivators including EP300, CREBBP and NCOA1, and basal transcription factors like TBP and TFIIA to facilitate nuclear receptors-mediated transcription. May thereby play an important role in establishing distinct coactivator complexes under different cellular conditions. Plays a role in thyroid hormone receptor and estrogen receptor transactivation (By similarity). Also involved in androgen receptor transactivation. Plays a pivotal role in the transactivation of NF-kap [...] (581 aa) |
| | Fam107a | Actin-associated protein FAM107A; Stress-inducible actin-binding protein that plays a role in synaptic and cognitive functions by modulating actin filamentous (F- actin) dynamics. Mediates polymerization of globular actin to F-actin. Also binds to, stabilizes and bundles F-actin. Involved in synaptic function by regulating neurite outgrowth in an actin-dependent manner and for the acquisition of hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, such as learning and long-term memory. Plays a role in the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton organization; negatively regulates focal adhesion (FA) as [...] (144 aa) |
| | Sgk1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in the regulation of a wide variety of ion channels, membrane transporters, cellular enzymes, transcription factors, neuronal excitability, cell growth, proliferation, survival, migration and apoptosis. Plays an important role in cellular stress response. Contributes to regulation of renal Na(+) retention, renal K(+) elimination, salt appetite, gastric acid secretion, intestinal Na(+)/H(+) exchange and nutrient transport, insulin-dependent salt sensitivity of blood pressure, salt sensitivity of peri [...] (524 aa) |
| | Smyd3 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SMYD3; Histone methyltransferase. Specifically methylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, inducing di- and tri-methylation, but not monomethylation. Also methylates 'Lys-5' of histone H4. Plays an important role in transcriptional activation as a member of an RNA polymerase complex. Binds DNA containing 5'-CCCTCC-3' or 5'-GAGGGG-3' sequences. (428 aa) |
| | Phb | Prohibitin; Prohibitin inhibits DNA synthesis. It has a role in regulating proliferation. As yet it is unclear if the protein or the mRNA exhibits this effect. May play a role in regulating mitochondrial respiration activity and in aging (By similarity). (272 aa) |
| | Rps6kb1 | Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of mTOR signaling in response to growth factors and nutrients to promote cell proliferation, cell growth and cell cycle progression. Regulates protein synthesis through phosphorylation of EIF4B, RPS6 and EEF2K, and contributes to cell survival by repressing the pro-apoptotic function of BAD. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, the inactive form associates with the EIF3 translation initiation complex. Upon mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylation by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTO [...] (525 aa) |
| | Zmiz1 | Zinc finger MIZ domain-containing protein 1; Acts as transcriptional coactivator. Increases ligand- dependent transcriptional activity of AR and promotes AR sumoylation. The stimulation of AR activity is dependent upon sumoylation (By similarity). Also functions as a transcriptional coactivator in the TGF-beta signaling pathway by increasing the activity of the SMAD3/SMAD4 transcriptional complex (By similarity). Involved in transcriptional activation of a subset of NOTCH1 target genes including MYC. Involved in thymocyte and T cell development. (1072 aa) |
| | Paqr7 | Membrane progestin receptor alpha; Plasma membrane progesterone (P4) receptor coupled to G proteins. Seems to act through a G(i) mediated pathway. May be involved in oocyte maturation. Involved in neurosteroid inhibition of apoptosis. Also binds dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), pregnanolone, pregnenolone and allopregnanolone. (345 aa) |
| | Daxx | Death domain-associated protein 6; Transcription corepressor known to repress transcriptional potential of several sumoylated transcription factors. Down-regulates basal and activated transcription. Its transcription repressor activity is modulated by recruiting it to subnuclear compartments like the nucleolus or PML/POD/ND10 nuclear bodies through interactions with MCSR1 and PML, respectively. Seems to regulate transcription in PML/POD/ND10 nuclear bodies together with PML and may influence TNFRSF6-dependent apoptosis thereby. Inhibits transcriptional activation of PAX3 and ETS1 throu [...] (740 aa) |
| | Kdm3a | Lysine-specific demethylase 3A; Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Preferentially demethylates mono- and dimethylated H3 'Lys-9' residue, with a preference for dimethylated residue, while it has weak or no activity on trimethylated H3 'Lys-9'. Demethylation of Lys residue generates formaldehyde and succinate. Involved in hormone-dependent transcriptional activation, by participating in recruitment to androgen-receptor target genes, resulting in H3 'Lys-9' demethylation and transcriptional activation [...] (1323 aa) |
| | Gstp1 | Glutathione S-transferase P 1; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Can metabolize 1- chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration (By similarity). (210 aa) |
| | Dnaja1 | DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 1; Co-chaperone for HSPA8/Hsc70. Plays a role in protein transport into mitochondria via its role as co-chaperone. Stimulates ATP hydrolysis, but not the folding of unfolded proteins mediated by HSPA1A (in vitro). Promotes apoptosis in response to cellular stress mediated by exposure to anisomycin or UV (By similarity). Functions as co-chaperone for HSPA1B and negatively regulates the translocation of BAX from the cytosol to mitochondria in response to cellular stress, thereby protecting cells against apoptosis. (397 aa) |
| | Rbfox2 | RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 2; RNA-binding protein that regulates alternative splicing events by binding to 5'-UGCAUGU-3' elements. Prevents binding of U2AF2 to the 3'-splice site. Regulates alternative splicing of tissue- specific exons and of differentially spliced exons during erythropoiesis. Seems to act as a coregulatory factor of ER-alpha (By similarity). (449 aa) |
| | Scgb2a2 | Secretoglobin, family 2A, member 2. (96 aa) |
