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| | Serpine1 | Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; Serine protease inhibitor. Inhibits TMPRSS7. Is a primary inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) and urokinase- type plasminogen activator (PLAU). As PLAT inhibitor, it is required for fibrinolysis down-regulation and is responsible for the controlled degradation of blood clots. As PLAU inhibitor, it is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and spreading. Acts as a regulator of cell migration, independently of its role as protease inhibitor. It is required for stimulation of keratinocyte migration during cutaneous injury repair (B [...] (402 aa) |
| | Acer2 | Alkaline ceramidase 2; Golgi ceramidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ceramides into sphingoid bases like sphingosine and free fatty acids at alkaline pH. Ceramides, sphingosine, and its phosphorylated form sphingosine-1-phosphate are bioactive lipids that mediate cellular signaling pathways regulating several biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Has a better catalytic efficiency towards unsaturated long-chain ceramides, including C18:1-, C20:1- and C24:1-ceramides (By similarity). Saturated long-chain ceramides and unsaturated very long- [...] (275 aa) |
| | Cyp2s1 | Cytochrome P450 2S1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of retinoids and eicosanoids. In epidermis, may contribute to the oxidative metabolism of all-trans-retinoic acid. For this activity, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Additionally, displays peroxidase and isomerase activities toward various oxygenated eicosanoids such as prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) and hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoates (HP [...] (501 aa) |
| | Ppp1r9b | Neurabin-2; Seems to act as a scaffold protein in multiple signaling pathways. Modulates excitatory synaptic transmission and dendritic spine morphology. Binds to actin filaments (F-actin) and shows cross- linking activity. Binds along the sides of the F-actin. May play an important role in linking the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane at the synaptic junction. Believed to target protein phosphatase 1/PP1 to dendritic spines, which are rich in F-actin, and regulates its specificity toward ion channels and other substrates, such as AMPA-type and NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Pl [...] (817 aa) |
| | Acaa1a | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase A, peroxisomal. (424 aa) |
| | Eef1a1 | Elongation factor 1-alpha 1; This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl- tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. With PARP1 and TXK, forms a complex that acts as a T helper 1 (Th1) cell-specific transcription factor and binds the promoter of IFN-gamma to directly regulate its transcription, and is thus involved importantly in Th1 cytokine production. (462 aa) |
| | Fmo2 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 2; This protein is involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides. Shows catalytic activity towards methimazole, thiourea, trimethylamine, and the insecticide phorate; Belongs to the FMO family. (535 aa) |
| | Cyp2c38 | Cytochrome P450 2C38; Metabolizes arachidonic acid to produce 11,12- epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET); Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (490 aa) |
| | Cyp2c37 | Cytochrome P450 2C37; Metabolizes arachidonic acid to produce 12- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE); Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (490 aa) |
| | Nceh1 | Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1; Hydrolyzes 2-acetyl monoalkylglycerol ether, the penultimate precursor of the pathway for de novo synthesis of platelet-activating factor. May be responsible for cholesterol ester hydrolysis in macrophages. Also involved in organ detoxification by hydrolyzing exogenous organophosphorus compounds. (408 aa) |
| | Cyp2g1 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (494 aa) |
| | Kcnh2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr) (By similarity). (1162 aa) |
| | Cyp2c54 | Cytochrome P450 2C54; Metabolizes arachidonic acid mainly to 12- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE); Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (490 aa) |
| | Kcne2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 2; Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits. Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex. Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. Associated with KCNH2/HERG is proposed to form the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). May associate with KCNQ2 and/or KCNQ3 and modulate the native M-t [...] (123 aa) |
| | Aox4 | Aldehyde oxidase 4; Aldehyde oxidase able to catalyze the oxidation of retinaldehyde into retinoate. Is responsible for the major all-trans- retinaldehyde-metabolizing activity in the Harderian gland, and contributes a significant amount of the same activity in the skin. Is devoid of pyridoxal-oxidizing activity, in contrast to the other aldehyde oxidases. Acts as a negative modulator of the epidermal trophism. May be able to oxidize a wide variety of aldehydes into their corresponding carboxylates and to hydroxylate azaheterocycles. Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family. (1336 aa) |
| | Aox3 | Aldehyde oxidase 3; Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal and pyridoxal. Plays a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Is probably involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. May be a prominent source of superoxide generation via the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. Also may catalyze nitric oxide (NO) production via the reduction of nitrite to NO with N [...] (1335 aa) |
| | Cbr1 | Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1; NADPH-dependent reductase with broad substrate specificity. Catalyzes the reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds including quinones, prostaglandins, menadione, plus various xenobiotics. Catalyzes the reduction of the antitumor anthracyclines doxorubicin and daunorubicin to the cardiotoxic compounds doxorubicinol and daunorubicinol. Can convert prostaglandin E2 to prostaglandin F2- alpha. Can bind glutathione, which explains its higher affinity for glutathione-conjugated substrates. Catalyzes the reduction of S- nitrosoglutathione (By similarity) [...] (277 aa) |
| | Rnf149 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF149; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Ubiquitinates BRAF, inducing its proteasomal degradation. (394 aa) |
| | Cyp2j9 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypeptide 9; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (502 aa) |
| | Gsto2 | Glutathione S-transferase omega-2; Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase activity. Has high dehydroascorbate reductase activity and may contribute to the recycling of ascorbic acid. Participates in the biotransformation of inorganic arsenic and reduces monomethylarsonic acid (MMA). Belongs to the GST superfamily. Omega family. (248 aa) |
| | Cxcr4 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 that transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ion levels and enhancing MAPK1/MAPK3 activation. Involved in the AKT signaling cascade (By similarity). Plays a role in regulation of cell migration, e.g. during wound healing. Acts as a receptor for extracellular ubiquitin; leading to enhanced intracellular calcium ions and reduced cellular cAMP levels. Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) et mediates LPS-induced inflammatory response, including TNF secretion by monocytes (By similarity). Invo [...] (359 aa) |
| | Rap2a | Ras-related protein Rap-2a; Small GTP-binding protein which cycles between a GDP-bound inactive and a GTP-bound active form. In its active form interacts with and regulates several effectors including MAP4K4, MINK1 and TNIK. Part of a signaling complex composed of NEDD4, RAP2A and TNIK which regulates neuronal dendrite extension and arborization during development. More generally, it is part of several signaling cascades and may regulate cytoskeletal rearrangements, cell migration, cell adhesion and cell spreading; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (183 aa) |
| | Cyp2d40 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 40; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (338 aa) |
| | Cyp2c70 | Cytochrome P450 2C70; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in muricholic acid (MCA) synthesis. Hydroxylates at the 6-beta position two major bile acids, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to form alpha-MCA and beta-MCA, respectively. May regulate NR1H4/farnesoid X receptor signaling, as taurine-conjugated MCAs are antagonists of NR1H4. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotei [...] (489 aa) |
| | Ppm1e | Protein phosphatase 1E; Protein phosphatase that inactivates multifunctional CaM kinases such as CAMK4 and CAMK2. Dephosphorylates and inactivates PAK. May play a role in the inhibition of actin fiber stress breakdown and in morphological changes driven by TNK2/CDC42 (By similarity). Dephosphorylates PRKAA2; Belongs to the PP2C family. (749 aa) |
| | N6amt1 | Methyltransferase N6AMT1; Methyltransferase that can methylate both proteins and DNA, and to a lower extent, arsenic. Catalytic subunit of a heterodimer with TRMT112, which catalyzes N5- methylation of Glu residue of proteins with a Gly-Gln-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Arg motif. Methylates ETF1 on 'Gln-185'; ETF1 needs to be complexed to ERF3 in its GTP-bound form to be efficiently methylated. Also acts as a N(6)-adenine- specific DNA methyltransferase by mediating methylation of DNA on the 6th position of adenine (N(6)-methyladenosine) (By similarity). N(6)- methyladenosine (m6A) DNA is significantly [...] (214 aa) |
| | Prkaa1 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts a [...] (559 aa) |
| | Cyp2c67 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 67; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (491 aa) |
| | Rap1b | Ras-related protein Rap-1b; GTP-binding protein that possesses intrinsic GTPase activity. Contributes to the polarizing activity of KRIT1 and CDH5 in the establishment and maintenance of correct endothelial cell polarity and vascular lumen. Required for the localization of phosphorylated PRKCZ, PARD3 and TIAM1 to the cell junction. Plays a role in the establishment of basal endothelial barrier function (By similarity); Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (184 aa) |
| | Chek2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest, activation of DNA repair and apoptosis in response to the presence of DNA double-strand breaks. May also negatively regulate cell cycle progression during unperturbed cell cycles. Following activation, phosphorylates numerous effectors preferentially at the consensus sequence [L-X-R-X-X-S/T]. Regulates cell cycle checkpoint arrest through phosphorylation of CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C, inhibiting their activity. Inhibition of CDC25 phosphatase activity leads [...] (546 aa) |
| | Sult2a8 | Sulfotransferase; Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family. (282 aa) |
| | Slamf8 | SLAM family member 8; May play a role in B-lineage commitment and/or modulation of signaling through the B-cell receptor. (278 aa) |
| | Ppp1r12a | Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A; Key regulator of protein phosphatase 1C (PPP1C). Mediates binding to myosin. As part of the PPP1C complex, involved in dephosphorylation of PLK1. Capable of inhibiting HIF1AN-dependent suppression of HIF1A activity (By similarity). (1004 aa) |
| | Cyp2d12 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 12; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (504 aa) |
| | Cyp2b10 | Cytochrome P450 2B10; Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. (491 aa) |
| | Cyp2d10 | Cytochrome P450 2D10; Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. (504 aa) |
| | Hsf1 | Heat shock factor protein 1; Functions as a stress-inducible and DNA-binding transcription factor that plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the heat shock response (HSR), leading to the expression of a large class of molecular chaperones heat shock proteins (HSPs) that protect cells from cellular insults' damage. In unstressed cells, is present in a HSP90-containing multichaperone complex that maintains it in a non- DNA-binding inactivated monomeric form. Upon exposure to heat and other stress stimuli, undergoes homotrimerization and activates HSP gene transcriptio [...] (503 aa) |
| | Ugt1a1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1; UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. (535 aa) |
| | Cyp2c69 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 69; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (491 aa) |
| | Cyp2j12 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypeptide 12; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (502 aa) |
| | Cyp2j7 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypeptide 7; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (504 aa) |
| | Cyp2j8 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypeptide 8; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (503 aa) |
| | Ccl2 | C-C motif chemokine 2; Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 (By similarity). Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions (By similarity). Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils (By similarity). Plays an important role in mediating peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Increases NMDA-mediated synaptic transmission in both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-containing neurons, which may be caused by MAPK/ERK-dependent phospho [...] (148 aa) |
| | Th | Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; Plays an important role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. (498 aa) |
| | Mcm7 | DNA replication licensing factor MCM7; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differential [...] (719 aa) |
| | Aox1 | Aldehyde oxidase 1; Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide, N-methylphthalazinium and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. Plays a role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Participates in the bioactivation of prodrugs such as famciclovir, catalyzing the oxidation step from 6-deoxypenciclovir to penciclovir, which is a potent antiviral agent. Also plays a role in the reductive metabolism of the xenobiotic imid [...] (1333 aa) |
| | Gstt1 | Glutathione S-transferase theta-1; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Also binds steroids, bilirubin, carcinogens and numerous organic anions. Has dichloromethane dehalogenase activity. (240 aa) |
| | Braf | Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf; Involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Phosphorylates MAP2K1, and thereby activates the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. May play a role in the postsynaptic responses of hippocampal neurons. (804 aa) |
| | Cyp2f2 | Cytochrome P450 2F2; Involved in the regio- and stereoselective transformation of naphthalene to trans-1R-hydroxy-2R-glutathionyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene in the presence of glutathione and glutathione S-transferases. It specifically catalyzes the production of a very reactive and potentially toxic intermediate, the 2R,2S arene oxide, that is associated with necrosis of the unciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells or Clara cells in lung; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (491 aa) |
| | Cyp2c29 | Cytochrome P450 2C29; Metabolizes arachidonic acid to produce 14,15-cis- epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET). (490 aa) |
| | As3mt | Arsenite methyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from AdoMet to trivalent arsenicals producing methylated and dimethylated arsenicals. It methylates arsenite to form methylarsonate, Me-AsO(3)H(2), which is reduced by methylarsonate reductase to methylarsonite, Me-As(OH)2. Methylarsonite is also a substrate and it is converted into the much less toxic compound dimethylarsinate (cacodylate), Me(2)As(O)-OH. Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Arsenite methyltransferase family. (376 aa) |
| | Gstm5 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles; Belongs to the GST superfamily. Mu family. (224 aa) |
| | Gstm3 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles; Belongs to the GST superfamily. Mu family. (218 aa) |
| | Gstm7 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 7; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles; Belongs to the GST superfamily. Mu family. (218 aa) |
| | Gstm1 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. (218 aa) |
| | Cyp2b13 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 13; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (491 aa) |
| | Cyp2a5 | Cytochrome P450 2A5; Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. (494 aa) |
| | Cyp2d26 | Cytochrome P450 2D26; Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. (500 aa) |
| | Crkl | Crk-like protein; May mediate the transduction of intracellular signals. (303 aa) |
| | Kcnq1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1; Potassium channel that plays an important role in a number of tissues, including heart, inner ear, stomach and colon (By similarity). Associates with KCNE beta subunits that modulates current kinetics (By similarity). Induces a voltage-dependent by rapidly activating and slowly deactivating potassium-selective outward current (By similarity). Promotes also a delayed voltage activated potassium current showing outward rectification characteristic (By similarity). During beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation participates in cardiac r [...] (668 aa) |
| | Acaa1b | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase B, peroxisomal. (424 aa) |
| | Gstm2 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles; Belongs to the GST superfamily. Mu family. (218 aa) |
| | Ehmt2 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT2; Histone methyltransferase that specifically mono- and dimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me1 and H3K9me2, respectively) in euchromatin. H3K9me represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting HP1 proteins to methylated histones. Also mediates monomethylation of 'Lys-56' of histone H3 (H3K56me1) in G1 phase, leading to promote interaction between histone H3 and PCNA and regulating DNA replication. Also weakly methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me). Also required for DNA methylation, the histone methyltr [...] (1263 aa) |
| | Hnf4a | Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha; Transcriptional regulator which controls the expression of hepatic genes during the transition of endodermal cells to hepatic progenitor cells, facilitatating the recruitment of RNA pol II to the promoters of target genes (By similarity). Activates the transcription of CYP2C38. Represses the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 transcriptional activity and is essential for circadian rhythm maintenance and period regulation in the liver and colon cells ; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily. (474 aa) |
| | Nos2 | Nitric oxide synthase, inducible; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions. Also has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such PTGS2/COX2. As component of the iNOS- S100A8/9 transnitrosylase complex involved in the selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH implicated in regulation of the GAIT complex activity and probably multiple targets including ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM (By similarity [...] (1144 aa) |
| | Ccl4 | C-C motif chemokine 4; Monokine with inflammatory and chemokinetic properties. (92 aa) |
| | Dpep1 | Dipeptidase 1; Hydrolyzes a wide range of dipeptides. Implicated in the renal metabolism of glutathione and its conjugates. Converts leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4; it may play an important role in the regulation of leukotriene activity. (410 aa) |
| | Egfr | Epidermal growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, AREG, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least [...] (1210 aa) |
| | Itgb3 | Integrin beta-3; Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIB/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIB/beta-3 and alpha- V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Integrin alpha-IIB/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A- G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following ac [...] (787 aa) |
| | Asic2 | Acid-sensing ion channel 2; Cation channel with high affinity for sodium, which is gated by extracellular protons and inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Also permeable for Li(+) and K(+). Generates a biphasic current with a fast inactivating and a slow sustained phase. Heteromeric channel assembly seems to modulate. (563 aa) |
| | Recql5 | ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q5; DNA helicase that plays an important role in DNA replication, transcription and repair. Inhibits elongation of stalled transcripts at DNA damage sites by binding to the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A and blocking the TCEA1 binding site. Required for mitotic chromosome separation after cross-over events and cell cycle progress. Required for efficient DNA repair, including repair of inter-strand cross-links. Stimulates DNA decatenation mediated by TOP2A. Prevents sister chromatid exchange and homologous recombination (By similarity). Belongs to the helica [...] (982 aa) |
| | Eftud2 | 116 kDa U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein component; Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome, including pre-catalytic, catalytic and post-catalytic spliceosomal complexes (By similarity). Component of the U5 snRNP and the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the spliceosome (By similarity). (972 aa) |
| | Akr1c12 | Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C12. (323 aa) |
| | Akr1c13 | Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C13; Catalyzes the dehydrogenation of 17-beta-hydroxysteroids. May also exhibit significant activity with a variety of cyclic and alicyclic alcohols. Uses both NAD and NADP, but the activity is much greater with NAD than with NADP (By similarity). (323 aa) |
| | Cyp46a1 | Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase; P450 monooxygenase that plays a major role in cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. Primarily catalyzes the hydroxylation (with S stereochemistry) at C-24 of cholesterol side chain, triggering cholesterol diffusion out of neurons and its further degradation. By promoting constant cholesterol elimination in neurons, may activate the mevalonate pathway and coordinate the synthesis of new cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids involved in synaptic activity and learning. Further hydroxylates cholesterol derivatives and hormone steroids on both the ring and side c [...] (500 aa) |
| | Gpld1 | Phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D; This protein hydrolyzes the inositol phosphate linkage in proteins anchored by phosphatidylinositol glycans (GPI-anchor) thus releasing these proteins from the membrane. (842 aa) |
| | Edn1 | Big endothelin-1; Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides (By similarity). Probable ligand for G-protein coupled receptors EDNRA and EDNRB which activates PTK2B, BCAR1, BCAR3 and, GTPases RAP1 and RHOA cascade in glomerular mesangial cells (By similarity). Belongs to the endothelin/sarafotoxin family. (202 aa) |
| | Tpmt | Thiopurine S-methyltransferase; Catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs such as 6- mercaptopurine (also called mercaptopurine, 6-MP or its brand name Purinethol) using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. TPMT activity modulates the cytotoxic effects of thiopurine prodrugs. A natural substrate for this enzyme has yet to be identified; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TPMT family. (240 aa) |
| | Ahrr | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor; Mediates dioxin toxicity and is involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Represses the transcription activity of AHR by competing with this transcription factor for heterodimer formation with the ARNT and subsequently binding to the xenobiotic response element (XRE) sequence present in the promoter regulatory region of variety of genes. Represses CYP1A1 by binding the XRE sequence and recruiting ANKRA2, HDAC4 and/or HDAC5. Autoregulates its expression by associating with its own XRE site. (701 aa) |
| | Nkx3-1 | Homeobox protein Nkx-3.1; Transcription factor, which binds preferentially the consensus sequence 5'-TAAGT[AG]-3' and can behave as a transcriptional repressor (By similarity). Plays an important role in normal prostate development, regulating proliferation of glandular epithelium and in the formation of ducts in prostate. Acts as a tumor suppressor controlling prostate carcinogenesis, as shown by the ability to suppress growth and tumorigenicity of prostate carcinoma cells. Plays a role in the formation of minor salivary glands (particularly palatine and lingual glands). Essential for [...] (237 aa) |
| | Rb1 | Retinoblastoma-associated protein; Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Promotes G0-G1 transition when phosphorylated by CDK3/cyclin-C. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransfer [...] (921 aa) |
| | Mcpt1 | Mast cell protease 1; Has a chymotrypsin-like activity. (246 aa) |
| | Myc | Myc proto-oncogene protein; Transcription factor that binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3'. Activates the transcription of growth-related genes. Binds to the VEGFA promoter, promoting VEGFA production and subsequent sprouting angiogenesis. Regulator of somatic reprogramming, controls self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Functions with TAF6L to activate target gene expression through RNA polymerase II pause release. (454 aa) |
| | Cyp2d22 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 22; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (500 aa) |
| | Tfrc | Transferrin receptor protein 1; Cellular uptake of iron occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligand-occupied transferrin receptor into specialized endosomes. Endosomal acidification leads to iron release. The apotransferrin-receptor complex is then recycled to the cell surface with a return to neutral pH and the concomitant loss of affinity of apotransferrin for its receptor. Transferrin receptor is necessary for development of erythrocytes and the nervous system (By similarity). Upon stimulation, positively regulates T and B cell proliferation through iron uptake ; Belongs to t [...] (763 aa) |
| | Nr1i2 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2; Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by a variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism and secretion of potentially harmful xenobiotics, endogenous compounds and drugs. Response to specific ligands is species-specific, due to differences in the ligand-binding domain. Binds to a response element in the promoters of the CYP3A4 and ABCB1/MDR1 genes (By similarity). Activated by naturally occurring steroids such as pregnenolone and pro [...] (431 aa) |
| | Umps | Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the OMP decarboxylase family. (481 aa) |
| | Mylk | Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle, deglutamylated form; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase implicated in smooth muscle contraction via phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC). Also regulates actin-myosin interaction through a non-kinase activity. Phosphorylates PTK2B/PYK2 and myosin light-chains. Involved in the inflammatory response (e.g. apoptosis, vascular permeability, leukocyte diapedesis), cell motility and morphology, airway hyperreactivity and other activities relevant to asthma. Required for tonic airway smooth muscle contraction that is necessa [...] (1950 aa) |
| | Adipoq | Adiponectin; Important adipokine involved in the control of fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity, with direct anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and activation in the liver and the skeletal muscle, enhancing glucose utilization and fatty-acid combustion. Antagonizes TNF-alpha by negatively regulating its expression in various tissues such as liver and macrophages, and also by counteracting its effects. Inhibits endothelial NF-kappa-B signaling through a cAMP-dependent pathway. May play a role in cell growth, angiogenesis [...] (247 aa) |
| | Sult1c1 | Sulfotransferase 1C1; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of drugs, xenobiotic compounds, hormones, and neurotransmitters. May be involved in the activation of carcinogenic hydroxylamines. Shows activity towards p-nitrophenol and N-hydroxy-2-acetylamino-fluorene (N-OH-2AAF). Also shows activity towards cinnamyl alcohol at pH 6.4 but not at pH 5.5, and towards a number of phenolic odorants including eugenol, guaiacol and 2-naphthol. (304 aa) |
| | Cyp1b1 | Cytochrome P450 1B1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (By similarity). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (By similarity). Exhibits catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2- and 4-hydroxy E2. Metabolizes testosterone and progesterone [...] (543 aa) |
| | Rbm22 | Pre-mRNA-splicing factor RBM22; Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the activated spliceosome. Involved in the first step of pre-mRNA splicing. Binds directly to the internal stem-loop (ISL) domain of the U6 snRNA and to the pre-mRNA intron near the 5' splice site during the activation and catalytic phases of the spliceosome cycle. Involved in both translocations of the nuclear SLU7 to the cytoplasm and the cytosolic calcium-binding protein PDCD6 to the nucleus upon cellular stress responses; Belongs to the SLT11 family. (420 aa) |
| | Cyp26a1 | Cytochrome P450 26A1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), a signaling molecule that binds to retinoic acid receptors and regulates gene transcription. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH- ferrihemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon hydrogen bonds of atRA primarily at C-4 and C-18. Has no activity toward 9-cis and 13-cis retinoic acid st [...] (497 aa) |
| | Cyp2c55 | Cytochrome P450 2C55; Metabolizes arachidonic acid mainly to 19- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE); Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (490 aa) |
| | Cyp2c39 | Cytochrome P450 2C39; Metabolizes arachidonic acid to produce 14,15-cis- epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET); Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (490 aa) |
| | Gsto1 | Glutathione S-transferase omega-1; Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. Has S-(phenacyl)glutathione reductase activity. Has also glutathione S-transferase activity. Participates in the biotransformation of inorganic arsenic and reduces monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsonic acid. Belongs to the GST superfamily. Omega family. (240 aa) |
| | Slc18a2 | Synaptic vesicular amine transporter; Involved in the ATP-dependent vesicular transport of biogenic amine neurotransmitters. Pumps cytosolic monoamines including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine into synaptic vesicles. Requisite for vesicular amine storage prior to secretion via exocytosis (By similarity). (517 aa) |
| | Abcc2 | Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1; Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions and conjugated organic anions such as methotrexate, 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid and leukotriene C4. Also transports sulfated bile salt such as taurolithocholate sulfate. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCC family. Conjugate transporter (TC 3.A.1.208) subfamily. (1543 aa) |
| | Cyp2c23 | Cytochrome P450 2C44; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) metabolism and signaling. Catalyzes preferentially the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFAs. Converts arachidonoic acid primarily to stereospecific products (8R,9S)-epoxyeicosatrienoate (EET) and (11R,12S)-EET. Via EETs may inhibit the epithelial sodium channels in nephron segments, leading to increased sodium excretion and stable systemic blood pressure. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, wi [...] (494 aa) |
| | Cyp2e1 | Cytochrome P450 2E1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates fatty acids specifically at the omega-1 position displaying the highest catalytic activity for saturated fatty acids. May be involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. (493 aa) |
| | Gsta3 | Glutathione S-transferase A3; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. This GST has a high catalytic activity for aflatoxin B1-8,9 epoxide. (221 aa) |
| | Ppm1f | Protein phosphatase 1F; Dephosphorylates and concomitantly deactivates CaM-kinase II activated upon autophosphorylation, and CaM-kinases IV and I activated upon phosphorylation by CaM-kinase kinase. Promotes apoptosis (By similarity). (452 aa) |
| | Fmo3 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3; Essential hepatic enzyme that catalyzes the oxygenation of a wide variety of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds including drugs as well as dietary compounds. Plays an important role in the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), via the production of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) metabolite. TMA is generated by the action of gut microbiota using dietary precursors such as choline, choline containing compounds, betaine or L-carnitine. By regulating TMAO concentration, FMO3 directly impacts both platelet responsiveness and rate of thr [...] (534 aa) |
| | Hspa5 | Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP; Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone that plays a key role in protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Involved in the correct folding of proteins and degradation of misfolded proteins via its interaction with DNAJC10/ERdj5, probably to facilitate the release of DNAJC10/ERdj5 from its substrate. Acts as a key repressor of the ERN1/IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) (By similarity). In the unstressed endoplasmic reticulum, recruited by DNAJB9/ERdj4 to the luminal region of ERN1/IRE1, leading to disrupt the dimeriz [...] (655 aa) |
| | Grin1 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. (938 aa) |
| | Pcna | Proliferating cell nuclear antigen; Auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand. Induces a robust stimulatory effect on the 3'-5' exonuclease and 3'- phosphodiesterase, but not apurinic-apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APEX2 activities. Has to be loaded onto DNA in order to be able to stimulate APEX2. Plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) by being conveniently positioned at the replication fork to coordinate DNA replication with DNA rep [...] (261 aa) |
| | Il1b | Interleukin-1 beta; Potent proinflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B- cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells; Belongs to the IL-1 family. (269 aa) |
| | Gstm4 | Glutathione S-transferase, mu 4. (218 aa) |
| | Rorc | Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma; Nuclear receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to ROR response elements (RORE) containing a single core motif half-site 5'-AGGTCA-3' preceded by a short A-T-rich sequence. Key regulator of cellular differentiation, immunity, peripheral circadian rhythm as well as lipid, steroid, xenobiotics and glucose metabolism. Considered to have intrinsic transcriptional activity, have some natural ligands like oxysterols that act as agonists (25-hydroxycholesterol) or inverse agonists (7-oxygenated sterols), enhancing or repressing the transcriptional activity, respective [...] (516 aa) |
| | Cryz | Quinone oxidoreductase; Does not have alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Binds NADP and acts through a one-electron transfer process. Orthoquinones, such as 1,2-naphthoquinone or 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, are the best substrates (in vitro). May act in the detoxification of xenobiotics. Interacts with (AU)-rich elements (ARE) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNA species and enhances their stability. NADPH binding interferes with mRNA binding (By similarity). (331 aa) |
| | Prkaa2 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts a [...] (552 aa) |
| | Cyp2j5 | Cytochrome P450 2J5. (501 aa) |
| | Cyp2j6 | Cytochrome P450 2J6. (501 aa) |
| | Cyp2j13 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypeptide 13; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (503 aa) |
| | Uchl1 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1; Ubiquitin-protein hydrolase involved both in the processing of ubiquitin precursors and of ubiquitinated proteins (Probable). This enzyme is a thiol protease that recognizes and hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin. Also binds to free monoubiquitin and may prevent its degradation in lysosomes. The homodimer may have ATP-independent ubiquitin ligase activity (By similarity). (223 aa) |
| | Ugt2b1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (529 aa) |
| | Cyp2w1 | Cytochrome P450 2W1; Seems to have broad catalytic activity towards several chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dihydrodiols and aromatic amines. Active also in the metabolism of indoline substrates and is able to activate aflatoxin B1 into cytotoxic products. Furthermore, it seems to be involved in the oxydation of lysophospholipids and fatty acids. (493 aa) |
| | Ddc | Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopamine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin and L-tryptophan to tryptamine; Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. (480 aa) |
| | Htr1b | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B; G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various alkaloids and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. Arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Regulates the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopami [...] (386 aa) |
| | Mef2c | Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C; Transcription activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element present in the regulatory regions of many muscle-specific genes. Controls cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis, and is also involved in vascular development. Enhances transcriptional activation mediated by SOX18. May also be involved in neurogenesis and in the development of cortical architecture. Isoforms that lack the repressor domain are more active than isoform 1 (By similarity). Plays an essential role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by suppressing the number of e [...] (474 aa) |
| | Cyp26b1 | Cytochrome P450 26B1; Involved in the metabolism of retinoic acid (RA), rendering this classical morphogen inactive through oxidation. Involved in the specific inactivation of all-trans-retinoic acid (all-trans-RA), with a preference for the following substrates: all-trans-RA > 9-cis-RA > 13- cis-RA. Generates several hydroxylated forms of RA, including 4-OH-RA, 4-oxo-RA, and 18-OH-RA. Essential for postnatal survival. Plays a central role in germ cell development: acts by degrading RA in the developing testis, preventing STRA8 expression, thereby leading to delay of meiosis. Required [...] (512 aa) |
| | Gm3776 | Glutathione S-transferase. (223 aa) |
| | Cyp1a1 | Cytochrome P450 1A1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy [...] (524 aa) |
| | Slc10a1 | Sodium/bile acid cotransporter; The hepatic sodium/bile acid uptake system exhibits broad substrate specificity and transports various non-bile acid organic compounds as well. It is strictly dependent on the extracellular presence of sodium; Belongs to the bile acid:sodium symporter (BASS) (TC 2.A.28) family. (362 aa) |
| | Crhbp | Corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein; Binds CRF and inactivates it. May prevent inappropriate pituitary-adrenal stimulation in pregnancy; Belongs to the CRF-binding protein family. (322 aa) |
| | Sox10 | Transcription factor SOX-10; Transcription factor that plays a central role in developing and mature glia. Specifically activates expression of myelin genes, during oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation, such as DUSP15 and MYRF, thereby playing a central role in oligodendrocyte maturation and CNS myelination. Once induced, MYRF cooperates with SOX10 to implement the myelination program. Transcriptional activator of MITF, acting synergistically with PAX3 (By similarity). (466 aa) |
| | Cyp2ab1 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily ab, polypeptide 1; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (280 aa) |
| | Ankrd1 | Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 1; May play an important role in endothelial cell activation. May act as a nuclear transcription factor that negatively regulates the expression of cardiac genes. (319 aa) |
| | Cyp2c40 | Cytochrome P450 2C40; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that may play a major role in the metabolism of arachidonic acid in the intestinal tract. Exhibits regioselective hydroxylase and epoxidase activity toward arachidonic acid, producing 16(R)- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and (14R,15S)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EpETrE) as major products. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase). (520 aa) |
| | Cyp2a12 | Cytochrome P450 2A12; Highly active in the 7-alpha-hydroxylation of testosterone. (492 aa) |
| | Sult2a6 | Sulfotransferase; Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family. (285 aa) |
| | Cyp2b23 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 23; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (491 aa) |
| | Cyp2b19 | Cytochrome P450 2B19; Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. (492 aa) |
| | Cyp2c50 | Cytochrome P450 2C50; Metabolizes arachidonic acid to several midchain and omega- terminal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE). (490 aa) |
| | Rest | RE1-silencing transcription factor; Transcriptional repressor which binds neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE) and represses neuronal gene transcription in non-neuronal cells. Restricts the expression of neuronal genes by associating with two distinct corepressors, SIN3A and RCOR1, which in turn recruit histone deacetylase to the promoters of REST-regulated genes (By similarity). Mediates repression by recruiting the BHC complex at RE1/NRSE sites which acts by deacetylating and demethylating specific sites on histones, thereby acting as a chromatin modifier (By similarity). Trans [...] (1082 aa) |
| | Cyp2b9 | Cytochrome P450 2B9; Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. (491 aa) |
| | Cyp2c66 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 66; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (490 aa) |
| | Cyp2c65 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 65; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (490 aa) |
| | Cyp2d9 | Cytochrome P450 2D9; Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. (504 aa) |
| | Rap1a | Ras-related protein Rap-1A; Induces morphological reversion of a cell line transformed by a Ras oncogene. Counteracts the mitogenic function of Ras, at least partly because it can interact with Ras GAPs and RAF in a competitive manner. Together with ITGB1BP1, regulates KRIT1 localization to microtubules and membranes (By similarity). Plays a role in nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth. Plays a role in the regulation of embryonic blood vessel formation. Involved in the establishment of basal endothelial barrier function. May be involved in the regulation of the vascular [...] (184 aa) |
| | Prnp | Major prion protein; Its primary physiological function is unclear. May play a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. May be required for neuronal myelin sheath maintenance. May promote myelin homeostasis through acting as an agonist for ADGRG6 receptor. May play a role in iron uptake and iron homeostasis. Soluble oligomers are toxic to cultured neuroblastoma cells and induce apoptosis (in vitro) (By similarity). Association with GPC1 (via its heparan sulfate chains) targets PRNP to lipid rafts. Also provides Cu(2+) or ZN(2+) for the ascorbate-mediated GPC1 deaminase deg [...] (254 aa) |
| | Fbp1 | Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in the presence of divalent cations, acting as a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Plays a role in regulating glucose sensing and insulin secretion of pancreatic beta-cells. Appears to modulate glycerol gluconeogenesis in liver. Important regulator of appetite and adiposity; increased expression of the protein in liver after nutrient excess increases circulating satiety hormones and reduces appetite-stimulating neuropeptides and thus seems to provide a feedback mechanism [...] (338 aa) |
| | Ren1 | Renin-1; Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney. (402 aa) |
| | Gsta1 | Glutathione S-transferase A1, N-terminally processed; Glutathione S-transferase that catalyzes the nucleophilic attack of the sulfur atom of glutathione on the electrophilic groups of a wide range of exogenous and endogenous compounds (Probable). Involved in the formation of glutathione conjugates of both prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) and prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2). It also catalyzes the isomerization of D5-androstene-3,17-dione (AD) into D4-androstene-3,17-dione and may therefore play an important role in hormone biosynthesis. Through its glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity toward the fa [...] (223 aa) |
| | Cyp2a4 | Cytochrome P450 2A4; Highly active in the 15-alpha-hydroxylation of testosterone. Also active in the 15-alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone and androstenedione. Little or no activity on corticosterone, pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol or estriol; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (494 aa) |
| | Sult2a3 | Sulfotransferase; Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family. (285 aa) |
| | Cyp2c68 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 68; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (491 aa) |
| | Wnk4 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4; Serine/threonine kinase which plays an important role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, cell signaling, survival and proliferation. Acts as an activator and inhibitor of sodium-coupled chloride cotransporters and potassium-coupled chloride cotransporters respectively. Activates SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1D, SGK1, TRPV5 and TRPV6. Regulates the activity of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter, SLC12A3, by phosphorylation which appears to prevent membrane trafficking of SLC12A3. Also inhibits the renal K(+) channel, KCNJ1, via a kinase-in [...] (1222 aa) |
| | Cyp2r1 | Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase; Has a D-25-hydroxylase activity on both forms of vitamin D, vitamin D(2) and D(3); Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (501 aa) |
| | Cd69 | Early activation antigen CD69; Involved in lymphocyte proliferation and functions as a signal transmitting receptor in lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and platelets. (199 aa) |
| | Pon3 | Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3; Has low activity towards the organophosphate paraxon and aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Rapidly hydrolyzes lactones such as statin prodrugs (e.g. lovastatin). Hydrolyzes aromatic lactones and 5- or 6-member ring lactones with aliphatic substituents but not simple lactones or those with polar substituents (By similarity). (354 aa) |
| | E2f1 | Transcription factor E2F1; Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3' found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The DRTF1/E2F complex functions in the control of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. E2F1 binds preferentially RB1 in a cell-cycle dependent manner. It can mediate both cell proliferation and TP53/p53-dependent apoptosis. Blocks adipocyte differentiation by binding to specific promoters repressing CEBPA bindi [...] (430 aa) |
| | Lpo | Lactoperoxidase. (710 aa) |
| | Nfe2l2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; Transcription factor that plays a key role in the response to oxidative stress: binds to antioxidant response (ARE) elements present in the promoter region of many cytoprotective genes, such as phase 2 detoxifying enzymes, and promotes their expression, thereby neutralizing reactive electrophiles. In normal conditions, ubiquitinated and degraded in the cytoplasm by the BCR(KEAP1) complex. In response to oxidative stress, electrophile metabolites inhibit activity of the BCR(KEAP1) complex, promoting nuclear accumulation of NFE2L2/NRF2, hetero [...] (597 aa) |
| | Abcb11 | Bile salt export pump; Catalyzes the secretion of conjugated bile salts across the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes in an ATP-dependent manner. Transports taurine-conjugated bile salts more rapidly than glycine- conjugated bile salts. (1321 aa) |
| | Nr1h4 | Bile acid receptor; Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor for bile acids (BAs) such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and allocholic acid (ACA). Plays a essential role in BA homeostasis through the regulation of genes involved in BA synthesis, conjugation and enterohepatic circulation. Also regulates lipid and glucose homeostasis and is involved in innate immune response. The FXR-RXR heterodimer binds predominantly to farnesoid X receptor response elements (FXREs) containing two inverted repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' in [...] (488 aa) |
| | Cyp2u1 | Cytochrome P450 2U1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid and its conjugates. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase). Acts as an omega and omega-1 hydroxylase for arachidonic acid and possibly for other long chain fatty acids. May modulate the arachidonic acid signaling pathway and play a role in other fatty acid signaling processes. May downregulate [...] (530 aa) |
| | Sult1a1 | Sulfotransferase 1A1; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of catecholamines, phenolic drugs and neurotransmitters. Has also estrogen sulfotransferase activity. responsible for the sulfonation and activation of minoxidil. Is Mediates the metabolic activation of carcinogenic N-hydroxyarylamines to DNA binding products and could so participate as modulating factor of cancer risk (By similarity). (263 aa) |
| | Pde4b | Phosphodiesterase. (721 aa) |
| | Fmo5 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 5; In contrast with other forms of FMO it does not seem to be a drug-metabolizing enzyme. (533 aa) |
| | Sult2a1 | Bile salt sulfotransferase 1; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze sulfonation of hydroxysteroids and xenobiotics; Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family. (285 aa) |
| | Sult2a5 | Sulfotransferase; Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family. (285 aa) |
| | Trp53 | Cellular tumor antigen p53; Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Its pro-apoptotic activity is activated via its intera [...] (390 aa) |
| | Cyp2d34 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 34; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (504 aa) |
| | Fmo4 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 4; This protein is involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides; Belongs to the FMO family. (560 aa) |
| | Slco1a6 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A6; May mediate the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions; Belongs to the organo anion transporter (TC 2.A.60) family. (670 aa) |
| | Ugt1a6b | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (531 aa) |
| | Aox2 | Aldehyde oxidase 2; Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde and retinal. Cannot use hypoxanthine as substrate. (1345 aa) |
| | Ahr | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Ligand-activated transcriptional activator. Binds to the XRE promoter region of genes it activates. Activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Involved in cell-cycle regulation. Likely to play an important role in the development and maturation of many tissues. Regulates the circadian clock by inhibiting the basal and circadian expression of the core circadian component PER1. Inhibits PER1 by repressing [...] (805 aa) |
| | Sult1b1 | Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs and xenobiotic compounds. Sulfonation increases the water solubility of most compounds, and therefore their renal excretion, but it can also result in bioactivation to form active metabolites. Sulfates L-DOPA and D-DOPA, tyrosine isomers such as DL-m-tyrosine, dopamine and thyroid hormones. (299 aa) |
| | Gm10639 | Glutathione S-transferase. (222 aa) |
| | Aip | AH receptor-interacting protein; May play a positive role in AHR-mediated (aromatic hydrocarbon receptor) signaling, possibly by influencing its receptivity for ligand and/or its nuclear targeting. (330 aa) |
| | Aim2 | Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8. (354 aa) |
| | Nos1 | Nitric oxide synthase, brain; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter. Probably has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such SRR. Isoform NNOS Mu may be an effector enzyme for the dystrophin complex. (1429 aa) |
| | Kcnc1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 1; Voltage-gated potassium channel that plays an important role in the rapid repolarization of fast-firing brain neurons. The channel opens in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, forming a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNC2, and possibly other family members as well. Contributes to fire sustained trains of very brief action [...] (585 aa) |
| | Cyp2t4 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily t, polypeptide 4. (503 aa) |
| | Guk1 | Guanylate kinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of GMP to GDP. Essential enzyme for recycling GMP and indirectly, cyclic GMP (cGMP). Involved in the cGMP metabolism in photoreceptors (By similarity). Belongs to the guanylate kinase family. (219 aa) |
| | Blm | Bloom syndrome protein homolog; ATP-dependent DNA helicase that unwinds single- and double- stranded DNA in a 3'-5' direction. Participates in DNA replication and repair (By similarity). Involved in 5'-end resection of DNA during double-strand break (DSB) repair: unwinds DNA and recruits DNA2 which mediates the cleavage of 5'-ssDNA. Negatively regulates sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Stimulates DNA 4-way junction branch migration and DNA Holliday junction dissolution. Binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), forked duplex DNA and DNA Holliday junction (By similarity). Belongs to the helica [...] (1419 aa) |
| | Cyp2a22 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 22; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (492 aa) |
| | Fancb | Fanconi anemia group B protein homolog; DNA repair protein required for FANCD2 ubiquitination. (853 aa) |
| | Cers1 | Embryonic growth/differentiation factor 1; May mediate cell differentiation events during embryonic development. (357 aa) |
| | Gstp1 | Glutathione S-transferase P 1; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Can metabolize 1- chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration (By similarity). (210 aa) |
| | Cyp2d11 | Cytochrome P450 2D11; Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. (504 aa) |
| | Cyp2j11 | Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypeptide 11; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (504 aa) |
| | Vkorc1 | Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1; Involved in vitamin K metabolism. Catalytic subunit of the vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) complex which reduces inactive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to active vitamin K. Vitamin K is required for the gamma-carboxylation of various proteins, including clotting factors, and is required for normal blood coagulation, but also for normal bone development. (161 aa) |
| | Gas6 | Growth arrest-specific protein 6; Ligand for tyrosine-protein kinase receptors AXL, TYRO3 and MER whose signaling is implicated in cell growth and survival, cell adhesion and cell migration. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. (674 aa) |
| | Star | Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial; Plays a key role in steroid hormone synthesis by enhancing the metabolism of cholesterol into pregnenolone. Transporter that binds to and transport cholesterol through the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. (284 aa) |
| | Acsl1 | Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1; Catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation (By similarity). Preferentially uses palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate (By similarity). Preferentially activates arachidonate than epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) or hydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (HETEs); Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (699 aa) |
| | Tlr3 | Toll-like receptor 3; Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll- like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR3 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by double-stranded RNA, a sign of viral infection. Acts via the adapter TRIF/TICAM1, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, IRF3 nuclear translocation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (By similarity). (905 aa) |
| | Rora | Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha; Nuclear receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to ROR response elements (RORE) containing a single core motif half-site 5'-AGGTCA-3' preceded by a short A-T-rich sequence. Key regulator of embryonic development, cellular differentiation, immunity, circadian rhythm as well as lipid, steroid, xenobiotics and glucose metabolism. Considered to have intrinsic transcriptional activity, have some natural ligands like oxysterols that act as agonists (25-hydroxycholesterol) or inverse agonists (7-oxygenated sterols), enhancing or repressing the transcriptional activity [...] (523 aa) |
| | Cyp1a2 | Cytochrome P450 1A2; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E [...] (513 aa) |
| | Gsta2 | Glutathione S-transferase A2; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. (222 aa) |
| | Gsta4 | Glutathione S-transferase A4; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. (222 aa) |
| | Ppp1r14a | Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A; Inhibitor of PPP1CA. Has over 1000-fold higher inhibitory activity when phosphorylated, creating a molecular switch for regulating the phosphorylation status of PPP1CA substrates and smooth muscle contraction (By similarity). (147 aa) |
| | Pde4a | cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A; Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes; Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. PDE4 subfamily. (844 aa) |
| | Fmo1 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1; This protein is involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides. Form I catalyzes the N-oxygenation of secondary and tertiary amines. (532 aa) |
| | Gstp2 | Glutathione S-transferase P 2; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Cannot metabolize 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene; Belongs to the GST superfamily. Pi family. (210 aa) |
| | Nudt15 | Nucleotide triphosphate diphosphatase NUDT15; May catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates including dGTP, dTTP, dCTP, their oxidized forms like 8-oxo-dGTP and the prodrug thiopurine derivatives 6-thio-dGTP and 6-thio-GTP. Could also catalyze the hydrolysis of some nucleoside diphosphate derivatives (By similarity). Hydrolyzes oxidized nucleosides triphosphates like 8-oxo-dGTP in vitro, but the specificity and efficiency towards these substrates are low. Therefore, the potential in vivo sanitizing role of this enzyme, that would consist in removing oxidatively damaged forms [...] (170 aa) |
