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| | Bcl2 | Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2; Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1). May attenuate inflammation by impairing NLRP1-inflammasome activation, hence CASP1 activation and IL1B release. (236 aa) |
| | Hk2 | Hexokinase-2; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexose, such as D-glucose and D-fructose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate and D- fructose 6-phosphate, respectively) (By similarity). Mediates the initial step of glycolysis by catalyzing phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6-phosphate (By similarity). Plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane by preventing the release of apoptogenic molecules from the intermembrane space and subsequent apoptosis. (917 aa) |
| | Phb2 | Prohibitin-2; Acts as a mediator of transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors via recruitment of histone deacetylases. Functions as an estrogen receptor (ER)-selective coregulator that potentiates the inhibitory activities of antiestrogens and represses the activity of estrogens. Competes with NCOA1 for modulation of ER transcriptional activity. In mitochondria, regulates cytochrome-c oxidase assembly (COX) and mitochondrial respiration. Binding to sphingoid 1-phosphate (SPP) modulates its regulator activity. Belongs to the prohibitin family. (299 aa) |
| | Bid | BH3-interacting domain death agonist p11; Induces caspases and apoptosis. Counters the protective effect of Bcl-2. The major proteolytic product p15 BID allows the release of cytochrome c. (195 aa) |
| | 4930550C14Rik | Uncharacterized protein C11orf65 homolog. (315 aa) |
| | Tomm40l | Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM40B; Potential channel-forming protein implicated in import of protein precursors into mitochondria. (308 aa) |
| | Vdac3 | Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3; Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane that allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules. (283 aa) |
| | Tomm34 | Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM34; Plays a role in the import of cytosolically synthesized preproteins into mitochondria. Binds the mature portion of precursor proteins. Interacts with cellular components, and possesses weak ATPase activity. May be a chaperone-like protein that helps to keep newly synthesized precursors in an unfolded import compatible state (By similarity). (309 aa) |
| | Akap1 | A-kinase anchor protein 1, mitochondrial; Differentially targeted protein that binds to type I and II regulatory subunits of protein kinase A. Anchors them to the cytoplasmic face of the mitochondrial outer membrane or allows them to reside in the endoplasmic reticulum. Does not contain the classic KDEL endoplasmic reticulum-targeting sequence. This explains how it is able to switch its localization, either being in the endoplasmic reticulum or in the mitochondria depending on which N-terminal part begins the isoform. The longest N-terminal part only present in isoform 2 and isoform 4 [...] (857 aa) |
| | Mief2 | Mitochondrial dynamics protein MID49; Mitochondrial outer membrane protein which regulates mitochondrial organization. It is required for mitochondrial fission and promotes the recruitment and association of the fission mediator dynamin-related protein 1 (DNM1L) to the mitochondrial surface independently of the mitochondrial fission FIS1 and MFF proteins. Regulates DNM1L GTPase activity. (454 aa) |
| | Fis1 | Mitochondrial fission 1 protein; Involved in the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and its perinuclear clustering. Plays a minor role in the recruitment and association of the fission mediator dynamin-related protein 1 (DNM1L) to the mitochondrial surface and mitochondrial fission. May be not essential for the assembly of functional fission complexes and the subsequent membrane scission event. Can induce cytochrome c release from the mitochondrion to the cytosol, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Also mediates peroxisomal fission. (152 aa) |
| | Ubb | Polyubiquitin-B; [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair [...] (305 aa) |
| | Rab32 | Ras-related protein Rab-32; Acts as an A-kinase anchoring protein by binding to the type II regulatory subunit of protein kinase A and anchoring it to the mitochondrion. Also involved in synchronization of mitochondrial fission. Plays a role in the maturation of phagosomes that engulf pathogens, such as S.aureus and Mycobacterium (By similarity). Plays an important role in the control of melanin production and melanosome biogenesis (By similarity). In concert with RAB38, regulates the proper trafficking of melanogenic enzymes TYR, TYRP1 and DCT/TYRP2 to melanosomes in melanocytes. (223 aa) |
| | Arg1 | Arginase-1; Key element of the urea cycle converting L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine, which is further metabolized into metabolites proline and polyamides that drive collagen synthesis and bioenergetic pathways critical for cell proliferation, respectively; the urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys. (323 aa) |
| | Rsad2 | Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2; Interferon-inducible iron-sulfur (4FE-4S) cluster-binding antiviral protein which plays a major role in the cell antiviral state induced by type I and type II interferon. Can inhibit a wide range of viruses, including west Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus, sindbis virus, influenza A virus, sendai virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Displays antiviral activity against influenza A virus by inhibiting the budding of the virus from the plasma membrane by disturbing the lipid rafts. This is accomplished, at least in part, thro [...] (362 aa) |
| | Tomm20l | TOMM20-like protein 1. (152 aa) |
| | Vdac2 | Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2; Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane that allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules. The channel adopts an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV. The open state has a weak anion selectivity whereas the closed state is cation-selective (By similarity). (295 aa) |
| | Bnip3l | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like; Induces apoptosis. Interacts with viral and cellular anti- apoptosis proteins. Can overcome the suppressors BCL-2 and BCL-XL, although high levels of BCL-XL expression will inhibit apoptosis. Inhibits apoptosis induced by BNIP3. Involved in mitochondrial quality control via its interaction with SPATA18/MIEAP: in response to mitochondrial damage, participates in mitochondrial protein catabolic process (also named MALM) leading to the degradation of damaged proteins inside mitochondria. The physical interaction of SPATA18/MIE [...] (218 aa) |
| | Bcl2l2 | Bcl-2-like protein 2; Promotes cell survival. Blocks dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. Mediates survival of postmitotic Sertoli cells by suppressing death-promoting activity of BAX. Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (193 aa) |
| | Mief1 | Mitochondrial dynamics protein MID51; Mitochondrial outer membrane protein which regulates mitochondrial fission. Promotes the recruitment and association of the fission mediator dynamin-related protein 1 (DNM1L) to the mitochondrial surface independently of the mitochondrial fission FIS1 and MFF proteins. Regulates DNM1L GTPase activity and DNM1L oligomerization. Binds ADP and can also bind GDP, although with lower affinity. Does not bind CDP, UDP, ATP, AMP or GTP. Inhibits DNM1L GTPase activity in the absence of bound ADP. Requires ADP to stimulate DNM1L GTPase activity and the assem [...] (463 aa) |
| | Tomm22 | Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM22 homolog; Central receptor component of the translocase of the outer membrane of mitochondria (TOM complex) responsible for the recognition and translocation of cytosolically synthesized mitochondrial preproteins. Together with the peripheral receptor TOM20 functions as the transit peptide receptor and facilitates the movement of preproteins into the translocation pore (By similarity). Required for the translocation across the mitochondrial outer membrane of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (By similarity); Belongs to the Tom22 family. (142 aa) |
| | Samm50 | Sorting and assembly machinery component 50 homolog; Plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the structure of mitochondrial cristae and the proper assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. Required for the assembly of TOMM40 into the TOM complex; Belongs to the SAM50/omp85 family. (469 aa) |
| | March5 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCHF5; Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a crucial role in the control of mitochondrial morphology by acting as a positive regulator of mitochondrial fission. May play a role in the prevention of cell senescence acting as a regulator of mitochondrial quality control. Promotes ubiquitination of FIS1, DNM1L and MFN1. (278 aa) |
| | Agpat4 | 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta; Converts 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA) into 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (phosphatidic acid or PA) by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Exhibits high acyl-CoA specificity for polyunsaturated fatty acyl-CoA, especially docosahexaenoyl-CoA (22:6-CoA, DHA-CoA). (378 aa) |
| | Ppp2r2b | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform; The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment. Within the PP2A holoenzyme complex, isoform 2 is required to promote proapoptotic activity. Isoform 2 regulates neuronal survival through the mitochondrial fission and fusion balance. (446 aa) |
| | Cpt1a | Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform; Catalyzes the transfer of the acyl group of long-chain fatty acid-CoA conjugates onto carnitine, an essential step for the mitochondrial uptake of long-chain fatty acids and their subsequent beta-oxidation in the mitochondrion. Plays an important role in triglyceride metabolism; Belongs to the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family. (773 aa) |
| | Bad | Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death; Promotes cell death. Successfully competes for the binding to Bcl-X(L), Bcl-2 and Bcl-W, thereby affecting the level of heterodimerization of these proteins with BAX. Can reverse the death repressor activity of Bcl-X(L), but not that of Bcl-2. Appears to act as a link between growth factor receptor signaling and the apoptotic pathways. (204 aa) |
| | Sfxn2 | Sideroflexin-2; Mitochondrial amino-acid transporter that mediates transport of serine into mitochondria. (322 aa) |
| | Maoa | Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A; Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine (By similarity). (526 aa) |
| | Fundc1 | FUN14 domain-containing protein 1; Acts as an activator of hypoxia-induced mitophagy, an important mechanism for mitochondrial quality control; Belongs to the FUN14 family. (155 aa) |
| | Gdap1 | Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1; Regulates the mitochondrial network by promoting mitochondrial fission; Belongs to the GST superfamily. (358 aa) |
| | Abcb6 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 6, mitochondrial; Binds heme and porphyrins and functions in their ATP- dependent uptake into the mitochondria. Plays a crucial role in heme synthesis. (842 aa) |
| | Capn10 | Calpain-10; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease which catalyzes limited proteolysis of substrates involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and signal transduction. May play a role in insulin- stimulated glucose uptake (By similarity). (666 aa) |
| | Myoc | Myocilin, C-terminal fragment; Secreted glycoprotein regulating the activation of different signaling pathways in adjacent cells to control different processes including cell adhesion, cell-matrix adhesion, cytoskeleton organization and cell migration. Promotes substrate adhesion, spreading and formation of focal contacts. Negatively regulates cell-matrix adhesion and stress fiber assembly through Rho protein signal transduction. Modulates the organization of actin cytoskeleton by stimulating the formation of stress fibers through interactions with components of Wnt signaling pathways. [...] (490 aa) |
| | Mtx2 | Metaxin-2; Involved in transport of proteins into the mitochondrion. (263 aa) |
| | Fam210b | Protein FAM210B, mitochondrial; Plays a role in erythroid differentiation. Involved in cell proliferation and tumor cell growth suppression. Involved in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in a PDK4-dependent manner. Belongs to the FAM210 family. (190 aa) |
| | Cisd2 | CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 2; Regulator of autophagy that contributes to antagonize BECN1- mediated cellular autophagy at the endoplasmic reticulum. Participates in the interaction of BCL2 with BECN1 and is required for BCL2-mediated depression of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores during autophagy. Contributes to BIK-initiated autophagy, while it is not involved in BIK-dependent activation of caspases. Involved in life span control, probably via its function as regulator of autophagy (By similarity). Belongs to the CISD protein family. CISD2 subfamily. (135 aa) |
| | Scp2 | Non-specific lipid-transfer protein; Mediates in vitro the transfer of all common phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides between membranes. May play a role in regulating steroidogenesis. (547 aa) |
| | Pink1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial; Protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress by phosphorylating mitochondrial proteins. Involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) by mediating activation and translocation of PRKN. Targets PRKN to dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria through the phosphorylation of MFN2 (By similarity). Activates PRKN in 2 steps: (1) by mediating phosphorylation at 'Ser-65' of PRKN and (2) mediating phosphorylation of ubiquitin, converting PRKN to its fully-active form. Required for u [...] (580 aa) |
| | Tomm7 | Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM7 homolog; Required for assembly and stability of the TOM complex (By similarity). Positive regulator of PRKN translocation to damaged mitochondria. Acts probably by stabilizing PINK1 on the outer membrane of depolarized mitochondria (By similarity). (55 aa) |
| | Mfn2 | Mitofusin-2; Mitochondrial outer membrane GTPase that mediates mitochondrial clustering and fusion. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, and their morphology is determined by the equilibrium between mitochondrial fusion and fission events. Overexpression induces the formation of mitochondrial networks. Membrane clustering requires GTPase activity and may involve a major rearrangement of the coiled coil domains (By similarity). Plays a central role in mitochondrial metabolism and may be associated with obesity and/or apoptosis processes. Plays an important role in the regulation [...] (757 aa) |
| | Usp30 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 30; Deubiquitinating enzyme tethered to the mitochondrial outer membrane that acts as a key inhibitor of mitophagy by counteracting the action of parkin (PRKN): hydrolyzes ubiquitin attached by parkin on target proteins, such as RHOT1/MIRO1 and TOMM20, thereby blocking parkin's ability to drive mitophagy. Preferentially cleaves 'Lys- 6'- and 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains, 2 types of linkage that participate in mitophagic signaling. Does not cleave efficiently polyubiquitin phosphorylated at 'Ser-65' (By similarity). Acts as negative regulato [...] (517 aa) |
| | Tomm40 | Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM40 homolog; Channel-forming protein essential for import of protein precursors into mitochondria. (361 aa) |
| | Dmpk | Myotonin-protein kinase; Non-receptor serine/threonine protein kinase which is necessary for the maintenance of skeletal muscle structure and function. May play a role in myocyte differentiation and survival by regulating the integrity of the nuclear envelope and the expression of muscle-specific genes. May also phosphorylate PPP1R12A and inhibit the myosin phosphatase activity to regulate myosin phosphorylation. Also critical to the modulation of cardiac contractility and to the maintenance of proper cardiac conduction activity probably through the regulation of cellular calcium homeo [...] (631 aa) |
| | Bax | Apoptosis regulator BAX; Accelerates programmed cell death by binding to, and antagonizing the apoptosis repressor BCL2 or its adenovirus homolog E1B 19k protein. Under stress conditions, undergoes a conformation change that causes translocation to the mitochondrion membrane, leading to the release of cytochrome c that then triggers apoptosis. Promotes activation of CASP3, and thereby apoptosis. BAX deficiency leads to lymphoid hyperplasia and male sterility, because of the cessation of sperm production; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (192 aa) |
| | Acsl1 | Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1; Catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation (By similarity). Preferentially uses palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate (By similarity). Preferentially activates arachidonate than epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) or hydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (HETEs); Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (699 aa) |
| | Slc25a4 | ADP/ATP translocase 1; Involved in mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Catalyzes the exchange of cytoplasmic ADP with mitochondrial ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane; Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (298 aa) |
| | Cyb5b | Cytochrome b5 type B; Cytochrome b5 is a membrane-bound hemoprotein functioning as an electron carrier for several membrane-bound oxygenases. (146 aa) |
| | Spata19 | Spermatogenesis-associated protein 19, mitochondrial; May have a role in spermiogenesis. (154 aa) |
| | Tob1 | Protein Tob1; Anti-proliferative protein; the function is mediated by association with deadenylase subunits of the CCR4-NOT complex. Mediates CPEB3-accelerated mRNA deadenylation by binding to CPEB3 and recruiting CNOT7 which leads to target mRNA deadenylation and decay. Belongs to the BTG family. (362 aa) |
| | Opa1 | Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial; Dynamin-related GTPase that is essential for normal mitochondrial morphology by regulating the equilibrium between mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial fission. Coexpression of isoform 1 with shorter alternative products is required for optimal activity in promoting mitochondrial fusion (By similarity). Binds lipid membranes enriched in negatively charged phospholipids, such as cardiolipin, and promotes membrane tubulation. The intrinsic GTPase activity is low, and is strongly increased by interaction with lipid membranes (By similarity). [...] (978 aa) |
| | Tspo | Translocator protein; Can bind protoporphyrin IX and may play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme (By similarity). Was initially identified as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; can also bind isoquinoline carboxamides. Promotes the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes and may play a role in lipid metabolism , but its precise physiological role is controversial. According to some reports, it is not required for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Belongs to the TspO/BZRP family. (169 aa) |
| | Ntrk3 | NT-3 growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in nervous system and probably heart development. Upon binding of its ligand NTF3/neurotrophin-3, NTRK3 autophosphorylates and activates different signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and the MAPK pathways, that control cell survival and differentiation. (825 aa) |
| | Kmo | Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase; Catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) to form 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (L-3OHKyn). Required for synthesis of quinolinic acid, a neurotoxic NMDA receptor antagonist and potential endogenous inhibitor of NMDA receptor signaling in axonal targeting, synaptogenesis and apoptosis during brain development. Quinolinic acid may also affect NMDA receptor signaling in pancreatic beta cells, osteoblasts, myocardial cells, and the gastrointestinal tract. (479 aa) |
| | Mul1 | Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1; Exhibits weak E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity (By similarity). E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfer the ubiquitin to targeted substrates (By similarity). Can ubiquitinate AKT1 preferentially at 'Lys-284' involving 'Lys-48'- linked polyubiquitination and seems to be involved in regulation of Akt signaling by targeting phosphorylated Akt to proteosomal degradation (By similarity). Proposed to preferentially act as a SUMO E3 ligase at phys [...] (352 aa) |
| | Maob | Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B; Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOB preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine (By similarity). (520 aa) |
| | Mgarp | Protein MGARP; Plays a role in the trafficking of mitochondria along microtubules. Regulates the kinesin-mediated axonal transport of mitochondria to nerve terminals along microtubules during hypoxia. Participates in the translocation of TRAK2/GRIF1 from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrion. Also plays a role in steroidogenesis through maintenance of mitochondrial abundance and morphology. (283 aa) |
| | Aifm1 | Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial; Functions both as NADH oxidoreductase and as regulator of apoptosis (By similarity). In response to apoptotic stimuli, it is released from the mitochondrion intermembrane space into the cytosol and to the nucleus, where it functions as a proapoptotic factor in a caspase-independent pathway. The soluble form (AIFsol) found in the nucleus induces 'parthanatos' i.e. caspase-independent fragmentation of chromosomal DNA. Binds to DNA in a sequence- independent manner. Interacts with EIF3G, and thereby inhibits the EIF3 machinery and protein synthe [...] (612 aa) |
| | Exd2 | Exonuclease 3'-5' domain-containing protein 2; Exonuclease that has both 3'-5' exoribonuclease and exodeoxyribonuclease activities, depending on the divalent metal cation used as cofactor. In presence of Mg(2+), only shows 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity, while it shows both exoribonuclease and exodeoxyribonuclease activities in presence of Mn(2+). Acts as an exoribonuclease in mitochondrion, possibly by regulating ATP production and mitochondrial translation. Also involved in the response to DNA damage. Acts as 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease for double-strand breaks resection and efficient [...] (650 aa) |
| | Cisd1 | CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1; Plays a key role in regulating maximal capacity for electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. May be involved in Fe-S cluster shuttling and/or in redox reactions (By similarity). Belongs to the CISD protein family. (108 aa) |
| | Mcl1 | Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 homolog; Involved in the regulation of apoptosis versus cell survival, and in the maintenance of viability but not of proliferation. Mediates its effects by interactions with a number of other regulators of apoptosis. Isoform 2 has antiapoptotic activity. (331 aa) |
| | Rhot2 | Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2; Mitochondrial GTPase involved in mitochondrial trafficking. Probably involved in control of anterograde transport of mitochondria and their subcellular distribution (By similarity). (620 aa) |
| | Vat1 | Synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAT-1 homolog; Plays a part in calcium-regulated keratinocyte activation in epidermal repair mechanisms. Has no effect on cell proliferation (By similarity). Possesses ATPase activity. Negatively regulates mitochondrial fusion in cooperation with mitofusin proteins (MFN1-2) (By similarity); Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Quinone oxidoreductase subfamily. (406 aa) |
| | Pebp1 | Hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide; Binds ATP, opioids and phosphatidylethanolamine. Has lower affinity for phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. Serine protease inhibitor which inhibits thrombin, neuropsin and chymotrypsin but not trypsin, tissue type plasminogen activator and elastase. Inhibits the kinase activity of RAF1 by inhibiting its activation and by dissociating the RAF1/MEK complex and acting as a competitive inhibitor of MEK phosphorylation (By similarity). (187 aa) |
| | Tigar | Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase TIGAR; Fructose-bisphosphatase hydrolyzing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate as well as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (By similarity). Acts as a negative regulator of glycolysis by lowering intracellular levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in a p53/TP53-dependent manner, resulting in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activation and NADPH production. Contributes to the generation of reduced glutathione to cause a decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, correlating with its ability to protect cells from oxidative or metabolic stress-induced cell [...] (269 aa) |
| | Spire1 | Protein spire homolog 1; Acts as an actin nucleation factor, remains associated with the slow-growing pointed end of the new filament. Involved in intracellular vesicle transport along actin fibers, providing a novel link between actin cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular transport. Required for asymmetric spindle positioning and asymmetric cell division during oocyte meiosis. Required for normal formation of the cleavage furrow and for polar body extrusion during female germ cell meiosis ; Belongs to the spire family. (643 aa) |
| | Znfx1 | NFX1-type zinc finger-containing protein 1. (1909 aa) |
| | Gpat2 | Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2, mitochondrial; Esterifies acyl-group from acyl-ACP to the sn-1 position of glycerol-3-phosphate, an essential step in glycerolipid biosynthesis. Required for primary processing step during piRNA biosynthesis. Molecular mechanisms by which it promotes piRNA biosynthesis are unclear and do not involve its acyltransferase activity. (801 aa) |
| | Dnajc11 | DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 11; Required for mitochondrial inner membrane organization. Seems to function through its association with the MICOS complex and the mitochondrial outer membrane sorting assembly machinery (SAM) complex. Belongs to the DNAJC11 family. (559 aa) |
| | Gk2 | Glycerol kinase 2; Key enzyme in the regulation of glycerol uptake and metabolism; Belongs to the FGGY kinase family. (554 aa) |
| | Lrrk2 | Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which phosphorylates a broad range of proteins involved in multiple processes such as neuronal plasticity, autophagy, and vesicle trafficking. Is a key regulator of RAB GTPases by regulating the GTP/GDP exchange and interaction partners of RABs through phosphorylation. Phosphorylates RAB3A, RAB3B, RAB3C, RAB3D, RAB8A, RAB8B, RAB10, RAB12, RAB35, and RAB43. Regulates the RAB3IP-catalyzed GDP/GTP exchange for RAB8A through the phosphorylation of 'Thr-72' on RAB8A (By similarity). Inhibits the interacti [...] (2527 aa) |
| | Slc25a46 | Solute carrier family 25 member 46; May play a role in mitochondrial dynamics by controlling mitochondrial membrane fission. (418 aa) |
| | Rhot1 | Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1; Mitochondrial GTPase involved in mitochondrial trafficking. Probably involved in control of anterograde transport of mitochondria and their subcellular distribution (By similarity). (672 aa) |
| | Atf2 | Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2; Transcriptional activator which regulates the transcription of various genes, including those involved in anti-apoptosis, cell growth, and DNA damage response. Dependent on its binding partner, binds to CRE (cAMP response element) consensus sequences (5'-TGACGTCA- 3') or to AP-1 (activator protein 1) consensus sequences (5'-TGACTCA- 3'). In the nucleus, contributes to global transcription and the DNA damage response, in addition to specific transcriptional activities that are related to cell development, proliferation and death. In the c [...] (487 aa) |
| | Rtn4ip1 | Reticulon-4-interacting protein 1, mitochondrial; Plays a role in the regulation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurite outgrowth, and hence in the development of the inner retina and optic nerve. Appears to be a potent inhibitor of regeneration following spinal cord injury. Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Quinone oxidoreductase subfamily. (396 aa) |
| | Spata18 | Mitochondria-eating protein; Key regulator of mitochondrial quality that mediates the repairing or degradation of unhealthy mitochondria in response to mitochondrial damage. Mediator of mitochondrial protein catabolic process (also named MALM) by mediating the degradation of damaged proteins inside mitochondria by promoting the accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix of hydrolases that are characteristic of the lysosomal lumen. Also involved in mitochondrion degradation of damaged mitochondria by promoting the formation of vacuole-like structures (named MIV), which engulf and degrade [...] (537 aa) |
| | Fate1 | Fetal and adult testis-expressed transcript protein homolog; Involved in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- mitochondria coupling. Negatively regulates the ER-mitochondria distance and Ca(2+) transfer from ER to mitochondria possibly implicating it in the regulation of apoptosis. May collaborate with RNF183 to restrain BIK protein levels thus regulating apoptotic signaling. (99 aa) |
| | Vps13a | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13A; May play a role in the control of protein cycling through the trans-Golgi network to early and late endosomes, lysosomes and plasma membrane. (3166 aa) |
| | Lpin1 | Phosphatidate phosphatase LPIN1; Plays important roles in controlling the metabolism of fatty acids at different levels. Acts as a magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol during triglyceride, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis. Acts also as nuclear transcriptional coactivator for PPARGC1A/PPARA regulatory pathway to modulate lipid metabolism gene expression. Is involved in adipocyte differentiation. Isoform 1 is recruited at the mitochondrion outer membrane and is involved in m [...] (924 aa) |
| | Pgrmc1 | Membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 1; Component of a progesterone-binding protein complex. Binds progesterone. Has many reported cellular functions (heme homeostasis, interaction with CYPs). (195 aa) |
| | Plec | Plectin; Interlinks intermediate filaments with microtubules and microfilaments and anchors intermediate filaments to desmosomes or hemidesmosomes. May be involved not only in the cross-linking and stabilization of cytoskeletal intermediate filaments network, but also in the regulation of their dynamics; Belongs to the plakin or cytolinker family. (4691 aa) |
| | Mtx1 | Metaxin-1; Involved in transport of proteins into the mitochondrion. Essential for embryonic development. (461 aa) |
| | Mtx3 | Metaxin. (312 aa) |
| | Vps13c | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13C; Necessary for proper mitochondrial function and maintenance of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Involved in the regulation of PINK1/PRKN-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization. (3748 aa) |
| | Mff | Mitochondrial fission factor; Plays a role in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Promotes the recruitment and association of the fission mediator dynamin-related protein 1 (DNM1L) to the mitochondrial surface. May be involved in regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane dynamics by recruitment of DNM1L to clathrin-containing vesicles. Belongs to the Tango11 family. (291 aa) |
| | Bak1 | Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer; In the presence of an appropriate stimulus, accelerates programmed cell death by binding to, and antagonizing the anti- apoptotic action of BCL2. (209 aa) |
| | Hax1 | HCLS1-associated protein X-1; Recruits the Arp2/3 complex to the cell cortex and regulates reorganization of the cortical actin cytoskeleton via its interaction with KCNC3 and the Arp2/3 complex. Slows down the rate of inactivation of KCNC3 channels. Promotes GNA13-mediated cell migration. Involved in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. May be involved in internalization of ABC transporters such as ABCB11. May inhibit CASP9 and CASP3. Promotes cell survival. May regulate intracellular calcium pools; Belongs to the HAX1 family. (280 aa) |
| | Aifm2 | Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1; A NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase involved in cellular oxidative stress response. At the plasma membrane, catalyzes reduction of coenzyme Q/ubiquinone-10 to ubiquinol-10, a lipophilic radical- trapping antioxidant that prevents lipid oxidative damage and consequently ferroptosis. Cooperates with GPX4 to suppress phospholipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. This anti-ferroptotic function is independent of cellular glutathione levels (By similarity). May play a role in mitochondrial oxidative signaling. Upon oxidative stress, associates with the lipid per [...] (380 aa) |
| | Nipsnap2 | Protein NipSnap homolog 2; May act as a positive regulator of L-type calcium channels. (281 aa) |
| | Armcx3 | Armadillo repeat-containing X-linked protein 3; Regulates mitochondrial aggregation and transport in axons in living neurons. May link mitochondria to the Trak2-kinesin motor complex via its interaction with Miro and Trak2. Mitochondrial distribution and dynamics is regulated through Armcx3 protein degradation, which is promoted by PCK and negatively regulated by Wnt1. Enhances the Sox10-mediated transactivation of the neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 and beta-4 subunit gene promoters ; Belongs to the eutherian X-chromosome-specific Armcx family. (379 aa) |
| | Mfn1 | Mitofusin-1; Mitochondrial outer membrane GTPase that mediates mitochondrial clustering and fusion. Membrane clustering requires GTPase activity (By similarity). It may involve a major rearrangement of the coiled coil domains. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, and their morphology is determined by the equilibrium between mitochondrial fusion and fission events. Overexpression induces the formation of mitochondrial networks (in vitro). Has low GTPase activity (By similarity). Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. Mitofusin subfamily. (741 aa) |
| | Prnp | Major prion protein; Its primary physiological function is unclear. May play a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. May be required for neuronal myelin sheath maintenance. May promote myelin homeostasis through acting as an agonist for ADGRG6 receptor. May play a role in iron uptake and iron homeostasis. Soluble oligomers are toxic to cultured neuroblastoma cells and induce apoptosis (in vitro) (By similarity). Association with GPC1 (via its heparan sulfate chains) targets PRNP to lipid rafts. Also provides Cu(2+) or ZN(2+) for the ascorbate-mediated GPC1 deaminase deg [...] (254 aa) |
| | Myo19 | Unconventional myosin-XIX; Actin-based motor molecule with ATPase activity that localizes to the mitochondrion outer membrane. Motor protein that moves towards the plus-end of actin filaments. Required for mitochondrial inheritance during mitosis (By similarity). May be involved in mitochondrial transport or positioning (By similarity). (963 aa) |
| | Rmdn3 | Regulator of microtubule dynamics protein 3; Involved in cellular calcium homeostasis regulation (By similarity). May participate in differentiation and apoptosis of keratinocytes. Overexpression induces apoptosis (By similarity). Belongs to the RMDN family. (470 aa) |
| | Smcp | Sperm mitochondrial-associated cysteine-rich protein; Involved in sperm motility. Its absence is associated with genetic background dependent male infertility. Infertility may be due to reduced sperm motility in the female reproductive tract and inability to penetrate the oocyte zona pellucida. (143 aa) |
| | Pdzd8 | PDZ domain-containing protein 8; Molecular tethering protein that connects endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria membranes. PDZD8-dependent endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria membrane tethering is essential for endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria Ca(2+) transfer. In neurons, involved in the regulation of dendritic Ca(2+) dynamics by regulating mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake in neurons. (1147 aa) |
| | Cnp | 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase; May participate in RNA metabolism in the myelinating cell, CNP is the third most abundant protein in central nervous system myelin. (420 aa) |
| | Ppp1cc | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit; Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Dephosphorylates RPS6KB1. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density- asso [...] (323 aa) |
| | Vdac1 | Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1; Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane and also the plasma membrane. The channel at the outer mitochondrial membrane allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules; in the plasma membrane it is involved in cell volume regulation and apoptosis. It adopts an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV. The open state has a weak anion selectivity whereas the closed state is cation-selective. May participate in the formation of the permeability transition p [...] (283 aa) |
| | Ass1 | Argininosuccinate synthase; One of the enzymes of the urea cycle, the metabolic pathway transforming neurotoxic amonia produced by protein catabolism into inocuous urea in the liver of ureotelic animals. Catalyzes the formation of arginosuccinate from aspartate, citrulline and ATP and together with ASL it is responsible for the biosynthesis of arginine in most body tissues. (412 aa) |
| | Cstad | CSA-conditional, T cell activation-dependent protein. (104 aa) |
| | Slc44a1 | Choline transporter-like protein 1; Choline transporter. May be involved in membrane synthesis and myelin production; Belongs to the CTL (choline transporter-like) family. (653 aa) |
| | Foxo3 | Forkhead box protein O3; Transcriptional activator that recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]TAAA[TC]A-3' and regulates different processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Acts as a positive regulator of autophagy in skeletal muscle: in starved cells, enters the nucleus following dephosphorylation and binds the promoters of autophagy genes, such as GABARAP1L, MAP1LC3B and ATG12, thereby activating their expression, resulting in proteolysis of skeletal muscle proteins. Triggers apoptosis in the absence of survival factors, including neuronal cell death upon oxidative stress [...] (672 aa) |
| | Wasf1 | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 1; Downstream effector molecule involved in the transmission of signals from tyrosine kinase receptors and small GTPases to the actin cytoskeleton. Promotes formation of actin filaments. Part of the WAVE complex that regulates lamellipodia formation. The WAVE complex regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with the Arp2/3 complex (By similarity). As component of the WAVE1 complex, required for BDNF-NTRK2 endocytic trafficking and signaling from early endosomes ; Belongs to the SCAR/WAVE family. (559 aa) |
| | Bnip3 | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3; Apoptosis-inducing protein that can overcome BCL2 suppression. May play a role in repartitioning calcium between the two major intracellular calcium stores in association with BCL2 (By similarity). Involved in mitochondrial quality control via its interaction with SPATA18/MIEAP: in response to mitochondrial damage, participates in mitochondrial protein catabolic process (also named MALM) leading to the degradation of damaged proteins inside mitochondria. The physical interaction of SPATA18/MIEAP, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX at the mito [...] (187 aa) |
| | Tomm5 | Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM5 homolog. (61 aa) |
| | Sarm1 | NAD(+) hydrolase SARM1; NAD(+) hydrolase, which plays a key role in axonal degeneration following injury by regulating NAD(+) metabolism. Acts as a negative regulator of MYD88- and TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway by promoting Wallerian degeneration, an injury-induced form of programmed subcellular death which involves degeneration of an axon distal to the injury site. Wallerian degeneration is triggered by NAD(+) depletion: in response to injury, SARM1 is activated and catalyzes cleavage of NAD(+) into ADP-D-ribose (ADPR), cyclic ADPR (cADPR) and nicotinamide; NAD(+ [...] (764 aa) |
| | Cpt1b | Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform. (772 aa) |
| | Bcl2l1 | Bcl-2-like protein 1; Potent inhibitor of cell death. Inhibits activation of caspases. Appears to regulate cell death by blocking the voltage- dependent anion channel (VDAC) by binding to it and preventing the release of the caspase activator, CYC1, from the mitochondrial membrane. Also acts as a regulator of G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosis. Isoform Bcl-X(S) promotes apoptosis; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (233 aa) |
| | Mavs | Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein; Required for innate immune defense against viruses. Acts downstream of DHX33, DDX58/RIG-I and IFIH1/MDA5, which detect intracellular dsRNA produced during viral replication, to coordinate pathways leading to the activation of NF- kappa-B, IRF3 and IRF7, and to the subsequent induction of antiviral cytokines such as IFN-beta and RANTES (CCL5). Peroxisomal and mitochondrial MAVS act sequentially to create an antiviral cellular state (By similarity). Upon viral infection, peroxisomal MAVS induces the rapid interferon-independent expression of def [...] (503 aa) |
| | Dao | D-amino-acid oxidase; Regulates the level of the neuromodulator D-serine in the brain. Has high activity towards D-DOPA and contributes to dopamine synthesis. Could act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids accumulated during aging. Acts on a variety of D-amino acids with a preference for those having small hydrophobic side chains followed by those bearing polar, aromatic, and basic groups. Does not act on acidic amino acids. (345 aa) |
| | Tomm6 | Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM6 homolog; Belongs to the Tom6 family. (74 aa) |
| | Dmd | Dystrophin; Anchors the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via F- actin. Ligand for dystroglycan. Component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex which accumulates at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and at a variety of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems and has a structural function in stabilizing the sarcolemma. Also implicated in signaling events and synaptic transmission. (3678 aa) |
| | Taz | Tafazzin family protein; Some isoforms may be involved in cardiolipin metabolism. (263 aa) |
| | Snca | Alpha-synuclein; Neuronal protein that plays several roles in synaptic activity such as regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release. Participates as a monomer in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by enhancing vesicle priming, fusion and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, acts by increasing local Ca(2+) release from microdomains which is essential for the enhancement of ATP-induced exocytosis. Acts also as a molecular chaperone in its multimeric membrane-bound state, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components called SNAREs [...] (140 aa) |
| | Hadhb | Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme catalyzes the last three of the four reactions of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway. The mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway is the major energy-producing process in tissues and is performed through four consecutive reactions breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Among the enzymes involved in this pathway, the trifunctional enzyme exhibits specificity for long-chain fatty acids. Mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme is a heterotetrameric complex composed of two proteins, the trifunctional enz [...] (475 aa) |
| | Tmem173 | Stimulator of interferon genes protein; Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double- stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol. Upon binding of [...] (378 aa) |
| | Synj2 | Synaptojanin-2; Inositol 5-phosphatase which may be involved in distinct membrane trafficking and signal transduction pathways. May mediate the inhibitory effect of Rac1 on endocytosis (By similarity). (1479 aa) |
| | Spg20 | Spartin; May be implicated in endosomal trafficking, or microtubule dynamics, or both. Participates in cytokinesis. (671 aa) |
| | Ubc | Ubiquitin-related 1; [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA re [...] (734 aa) |
| | Pld6 | Mitochondrial cardiolipin hydrolase; Endonuclease that plays a critical role in PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis during spermatogenesis. piRNAs provide essential protection against the activity of mobile genetic elements. piRNA- mediated transposon silencing is thus critical for maintaining genome stability, in particular in germline cells when transposons are mobilized as a consequence of wide-spread genomic demethylation. Has been proposed to act as a cardiolipin hydrolase to generate phosphatidic acid at mitochondrial surface. Although it cannot be excluded that it can act as [...] (221 aa) |
| | Msto1 | Protein misato homolog 1; Involved in the regulation of mitochondrial distribution and morphology. Required for mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial network formation. (556 aa) |
| | Mtch2 | Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2; The substrate transported is not yet known. Induces mitochondrial depolarization (By similarity); Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (312 aa) |
| | Phb | Prohibitin; Prohibitin inhibits DNA synthesis. It has a role in regulating proliferation. As yet it is unclear if the protein or the mRNA exhibits this effect. May play a role in regulating mitochondrial respiration activity and in aging (By similarity). (272 aa) |
| | Nos1 | Nitric oxide synthase, brain; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter. Probably has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such SRR. Isoform NNOS Mu may be an effector enzyme for the dystrophin complex. (1429 aa) |
| | Asl | Argininosuccinate lyase; Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Argininosuccinate lyase subfamily. (464 aa) |
| | Tomm70a | Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70; Receptor that accelerates the import of all mitochondrial precursor proteins. (611 aa) |
| | Synj2bp | Synaptojanin-2-binding protein; Isoform 1 regulates endocytosis of activin type 2 receptor kinases through the Ral/RALBP1-dependent pathway and may be involved in suppression of activin-induced signal transduction. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 show a stimulatory affect on activin-induced signal transduction and enhance activin type 2 expression at the cell surface. (145 aa) |
| | Gm20498 | Predicted gene 20498. (182 aa) |
| | Moap1 | Modulator of apoptosis 1; Required for death receptor-dependent apoptosis. When associated with RASSF1, promotes BAX conformational change and translocation to mitochondrial membranes in response to TNF and TNFSF10 stimulation (By similarity). (352 aa) |
| | Ankzf1 | Ankyrin repeat and zinc finger domain-containing protein 1; Plays a role in the cellular response to hydrogen peroxide and in the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity under conditions of cellular stress (By similarity). Involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway (By similarity). (748 aa) |
| | Tomm20 | Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM20 homolog; Central component of the receptor complex responsible for the recognition and translocation of cytosolically synthesized mitochondrial preproteins. Together with TOM22 functions as the transit peptide receptor at the surface of the mitochondrion outer membrane and facilitates the movement of preproteins into the TOM40 translocation pore (By similarity). Required for the translocation across the mitochondrial outer membrane of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. (145 aa) |
| | Slc8a3 | Sodium/calcium exchanger 3; Mediates the electrogenic exchange of Ca(2+) against Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes. Contributes to cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis in excitable cells, both in muscle and in brain. In a first phase, voltage-gated channels mediate the rapid increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels due to release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum. SLC8A3 mediates the export of Ca(2+) from the cell during the next phase, so that cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels r [...] (928 aa) |
| | Prkn | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin; Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins, such as BCL2, SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPTIN5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746 and AIMP2. Mediates monoubiquitination as well as 'Lys-6', 'Lys-11', 'Lys-48'-linked and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context. Participates in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of mi [...] (464 aa) |
| | Gimap3 | GTPase IMAP family member 3; During thymocyte development, may support the positive selection of CD4 and CD8 T cells. May play a role in mitochondrial DNA segregation in hematopoietic tissues. Binds GTP. (301 aa) |
| | Pde2a | cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase; Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes. (945 aa) |
| | Gja1 | Gap junction alpha-1 protein; Gap junction protein that acts as a regulator of bladder capacity. A gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. Negative regulator of bladder functional capacity: acts by enhancing intercellular electrical and chemical transmission, thus sensitizing bladder muscles to cholinergic neural stimuli and causing them to contract. May play a role in cell growth inhibition through the regulation of NOV expression and localization [...] (382 aa) |
| | Dnm1l | Dynamin-1-like protein; Functions in mitochondrial and peroxisomal division. Mediates membrane fission through oligomerization into membrane-associated tubular structures that wrap around the scission site to constrict and sever the mitochondrial membrane through a GTP hydrolysis-dependent mechanism. The specific recruitment at scission sites is mediated by membrane receptors like MFF, MIEF1 and MIEF2 for mitochondrial membranes. While the recruitment by the membrane receptors is GTP- dependent, the following hydrolysis of GTP induces the dissociation from the receptors and allows DNM1 [...] (716 aa) |
| | Sox10 | Transcription factor SOX-10; Transcription factor that plays a central role in developing and mature glia. Specifically activates expression of myelin genes, during oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation, such as DUSP15 and MYRF, thereby playing a central role in oligodendrocyte maturation and CNS myelination. Once induced, MYRF cooperates with SOX10 to implement the myelination program. Transcriptional activator of MITF, acting synergistically with PAX3 (By similarity). (466 aa) |
| | Armc12 | Armadillo repeat-containing protein 12. (340 aa) |
| | Gpam | Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial; Esterifies acyl-group from acyl-ACP to the sn-1 position of glycerol-3-phosphate, an essential step in glycerolipid biosynthesis. Belongs to the GPAT/DAPAT family. (827 aa) |
| | Atad1 | ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 1; ATPase that plays a critical role in regulating the surface expression of AMPA receptors (AMPAR), thereby regulating synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Required for NMDA-stimulated AMPAR internalization and inhibition of GRIA1 and GRIA2 recycling back to the plasma membrane; these activities are ATPase-dependent. (361 aa) |
| | 1810058I24Rik | Short transmembrane mitochondrial protein 1. (47 aa) |
