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| | Kcnh2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr) (By similarity). (1162 aa) |
| | Kcnc3 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 3; Voltage-gated potassium channel that plays an important role in the rapid repolarization of fast-firing brain neurons. The channel opens in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, forming a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel displays rapid activation and inactivation kinetics. It plays a role in the regulation of the frequency, shape and duration of action potentials in Purkinje cells. Required for normal survival of cerebellar [...] (769 aa) |
| | Kcng1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily G member 1; Potassium channel subunit that does not form functional channels by itself. Can form functional heterotetrameric channels with KCNB1; modulates the delayed rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel activation and deactivation rates of KCNB1. Belongs to the potassium channel family. G (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv6.1/KCNG1 sub-subfamily. (514 aa) |
| | Kcnip1 | Kv channel-interacting protein 1; Regulatory subunit of Kv4/D (Shal)-type voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. Regulates channel density, inactivation kinetics and rate of recovery from inactivation in a calcium-dependent and isoform-specific manner. Modulates KCND2/Kv4.2 currents. In vitro, modulates KCND1/Kv4.1 currents (By similarity). Increases the presence of KCND2 at the cell surface. (227 aa) |
| | Lrrc55 | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 55; Auxiliary protein of the large-conductance, voltage and calcium-activated potassium channel (BK alpha). Modulates gating properties by producing a marked shift in the BK channel's voltage dependence of activation in the hyperpolarizing direction, and in the absence of calcium (By similarity). (311 aa) |
| | Pde4d | cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D; Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes; Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. PDE4 subfamily. (747 aa) |
| | Calm1 | Calmodulin-1; Belongs to the calmodulin family. (197 aa) |
| | Grik2 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus. M [...] (908 aa) |
| | Dpp10 | Inactive dipeptidyl peptidase 10; Promotes cell surface expression of the potassium channel KCND2. Modulates the activity and gating characteristics of the potassium channel KCND2. Has no dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity (Probable). (800 aa) |
| | Slc5a3 | Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter; Prevents intracellular accumulation of high concentrations of myo-inositol (an osmolyte) that result in impairment of cellular function. (718 aa) |
| | Cntnap2 | Contactin-associated protein-like 2; Required, with CNTNAP1, for radial and longitudinal organization of myelinated axons. Plays a role in the formation of functional distinct domains critical for saltatory conduction of nerve impulses in myelinated nerve fibers. Demarcates the juxtaparanodal region of the axo-glial junction (Probable). (1332 aa) |
| | Grik4 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4; Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds kainate > quisqualate > glutamate >> AMPA (By similarity). (956 aa) |
| | Kcnq2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2; Associates with KCNQ3 to form a potassium channel with essentially identical properties to the channel underlying the native M-current, a slowly activating and deactivating potassium conductance which plays a critical role in determining the subthreshold electrical excitability of neurons as well as the responsiveness to synaptic inputs. Therefore, it is important in the regulation of neuronal excitability; Belongs to the potassium channel family. KQT (TC 1.A.1.15) subfamily. Kv7.2/KCNQ2 sub-subfamily. (870 aa) |
| | Dpp6 | Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6; Promotes cell surface expression of the potassium channel KCND2. Modulates the activity and gating characteristics of the potassium channel KCND2. Has no dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase S9B family. (859 aa) |
| | Kcnc2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 2; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain. Contributes to the regulation of the fast action potential repolarization and in sustained high-frequency firing in neurons of the central nervous system. Homotetramer channels mediate delayed-rectifier voltage-dependent potassium currents that activate rapidly at high-threshold voltages and inactivate slowly. Forms tetrameric channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemic [...] (639 aa) |
| | Kcnj11 | ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11; This receptor is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by extracellular barium. Can form cardiac and smo [...] (390 aa) |
| | Kcnj8 | ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8; This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by external barium (By similarity). Belon [...] (424 aa) |
| | Kcnc1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 1; Voltage-gated potassium channel that plays an important role in the rapid repolarization of fast-firing brain neurons. The channel opens in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, forming a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNC2, and possibly other family members as well. Contributes to fire sustained trains of very brief action [...] (585 aa) |
| | Kcnab2 | Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta-2; Cytoplasmic potassium channel subunit that modulates the characteristics of the channel-forming alpha-subunits. Contributes to the regulation of nerve signaling, and prevents neuronal hyperexcitability. Promotes expression of the pore-forming alpha subunits at the cell membrane, and thereby increases channel activity (By similarity). Promotes potassium channel closure via a mechanism that does not involve physical obstruction of the channel pore. Modulates the functional properties of KCNA4 (By similarity). Modulates the functional proper [...] (367 aa) |
| | Grik5 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5; Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds kainate > quisqualate = glutamate >> AMPA. (979 aa) |
| | Hcn1 | Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1; Hyperpolarization-activated ion channel exhibiting weak selectivity for potassium over sodium ions. Contributes to the native pacemaker currents in heart (If) and in neurons (Ih). May mediate responses to sour stimuli. (910 aa) |
| | Kcnc4 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 4; This protein mediates the voltage-dependent potassium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient (By similarity); Belongs to the potassium channel family. C (Shaw) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv3.4/KCNC4 sub-subfamily. (628 aa) |
| | Kcnq1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1; Potassium channel that plays an important role in a number of tissues, including heart, inner ear, stomach and colon (By similarity). Associates with KCNE beta subunits that modulates current kinetics (By similarity). Induces a voltage-dependent by rapidly activating and slowly deactivating potassium-selective outward current (By similarity). Promotes also a delayed voltage activated potassium current showing outward rectification characteristic (By similarity). During beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation participates in cardiac r [...] (668 aa) |
| | Kcnip2 | Kv channel-interacting protein 2; Regulatory subunit of Kv4/D (Shal)-type voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. Modulates channel density, inactivation kinetics and rate of recovery from inactivation in a calcium-dependent and isoform-specific manner. In vitro, modulates KCND2/Kv4.2 and KCND3/Kv4.3 currents. Involved in KCND2 and KCND3 trafficking to the cell surface. Essential for the expression of I(To) currents in the heart. Required for normal protein levels of KCND2 in the heart ventricle. (270 aa) |
| | Kcnb2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 2; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and smooth muscle cells. Channels open or close in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, letting potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Homotetrameric channels mediate a delayed-rectifier voltage-dependent outward potassium current that display rapid activation and slow inactivation in response to membrane depolarization. Can form functional homotetrameric an [...] (907 aa) |
| | Kcne1l | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory beta subunit 5; Potassium channel ancillary subunit that is essential for generation of some native K(+) currents by virtue of formation of heteromeric ion channel complex with voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel pore-forming alpha subunits. Functions as an inhibitory beta- subunit of the repolarizing cardiac potassium ion channel KCNQ1. (143 aa) |
| | Kcnmb3 | Potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, beta member 3. (239 aa) |
| | Chrm2 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2; The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition. Signaling promotes phospholipase C activity, leading to the release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3); this then triggers calcium ion release into the cytosol (By similarity). Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily. CHR [...] (466 aa) |
| | Kcnd1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 1; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. May contribute to I(To) current in the heart and I(Sa) current in neurons. Channel properties are modulated by subunit assembly; Belongs to the potassium channel family. D (Shal) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv4.1/KCND1 sub-subfamily. (651 aa) |
| | Kcne3 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3; Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits. Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex. Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. Associated with KCNC4/Kv3.4 is proposed to form the subthreshold voltage-gated potassium channel in skeletal muscle and to establish the resting membrane potential (RMP) in muscle cells. Associated with KC [...] (103 aa) |
| | Kcna6 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 6; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes. Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient (By similarity). The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane (By similarity). Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA6, and possi [...] (529 aa) |
| | Calm3 | Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Mediates calcium- dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium- activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. (149 aa) |
| | Kcnmb1 | Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1; Regulatory subunit of the calcium activated potassium KCNMA1 (maxiK) channel. Modulates the calcium sensitivity and gating kinetics of KCNMA1, thereby contributing to KCNMA1 channel diversity. Increases the apparent Ca(2+)/voltage sensitivity of the KCNMA1 channel. It also modifies KCNMA1 channel kinetics and alters its pharmacological properties. It slows down the activation and the deactivation kinetics of the channel. Acts as a negative regulator of smooth muscle contraction by enhancing the calcium sensitivity to KCNMA1. Its prese [...] (191 aa) |
| | Kcnk4 | Potassium channel subfamily K member 4; Voltage-insensitive potassium channel. Channel opening is triggered by mechanical forces that deform the membrane. Channel opening is triggered by raising the intracellular pH to basic levels (By similarity). The channel is inactive at 24 degrees Celsius (in vitro); raising the temperature to 37 degrees Celsius increases the frequency of channel opening, with a further increase in channel activity when the temperature is raised to 42 degrees Celsius (By similarity). Plays a role in the sensory perception of pain caused by pressure. Plays a role i [...] (398 aa) |
| | Ccdc51 | Mitochondrial potassium channel; Mitochondrial potassium channel located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Together with ABCB8/MITOSUR, forms a protein complex localized in the mitochondria that mediates ATP- dependent potassium currents across the inner membrane (that is, mitoK(ATP) channel). May contribute to the homeostatic control of cellular metabolism under stress conditions by regulating the mitochondrial matrix volume. (406 aa) |
| | Gria4 | Glutamate receptor 4; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (902 aa) |
| | Lrrc26 | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 26; Auxiliary protein of the large-conductance, voltage and calcium-activated potassium channel (BK alpha). Required for the conversion of BK alpha channels from a high-voltage to a low-voltage activated channel type in non-excitable cells. These are characterized by negative membrane voltages and constant low levels of calcium (By similarity). (331 aa) |
| | Snap25 | Synaptosomal-associated protein 25; t-SNARE involved in the molecular regulation of neurotransmitter release. May play an important role in the synaptic function of specific neuronal systems. Associates with proteins involved in vesicle docking and membrane fusion. Regulates plasma membrane recycling through its interaction with CENPF. Modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1 in pancreatic beta cells (By similarity). (206 aa) |
| | Kcnip3 | Calsenilin; Calcium-dependent transcriptional repressor that binds to the DRE element of genes including PDYN and FOS. Affinity for DNA is reduced upon binding to calcium and enhanced by binding to magnesium. Seems to be involved in nociception. May play a role in the regulation of PSEN2 proteolytic processing and apoptosis. Together with PSEN2 involved in modulation of amyloid-beta formation (By similarity). (284 aa) |
| | Hcn3 | Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 3; Hyperpolarization-activated potassium channel. May also facilitate the permeation of sodium ions. Belongs to the potassium channel HCN family. (779 aa) |
| | Kcnq4 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 4; Probably important in the regulation of neuronal excitability. May underlie a potassium current involved in regulating the excitability of sensory cells of the cochlea; Belongs to the potassium channel family. KQT (TC 1.A.1.15) subfamily. Kv7.4/KCNQ4 sub-subfamily. (696 aa) |
| | Grik3 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds domoate > kainate >> L-glutamate = quisqualate >> AMPA = NMDA (By similarity); Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. G [...] (919 aa) |
| | Abcc8 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 8. (1588 aa) |
| | Kcnj5 | G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4; This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by external barium. Belongs to the [...] (419 aa) |
| | Hcn4 | Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4; Hyperpolarization-activated ion channel with very slow activation and inactivation exhibiting weak selectivity for potassium over sodium ions. Contributes to the native pacemaker currents in heart (If) that regulate the rhythm of heart beat. May contribute to the native pacemaker currents in neurons (Ih) (By similarity). May mediate responses to sour stimuli. (1201 aa) |
| | Kcnj2 | Inward rectifier potassium channel 2; Probably participates in establishing action potential waveform and excitability of neuronal and muscle tissues. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be bl [...] (428 aa) |
| | Kcnma1 | Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1; Potassium channel activated by both membrane depolarization or increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) that mediates export of K(+). It is also activated by the concentration of cytosolic Mg(2+). Its activation dampens the excitatory events that elevate the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and/or depolarize the cell membrane. It therefore contributes to repolarization of the membrane potential. Plays a key role in controlling excitability in a number of systems, such as regulation of the contraction of smooth muscle, the tuning of hair cells in t [...] (1239 aa) |
| | Kcnk2 | Potassium channel subfamily K member 2; Ion channel that contributes to passive transmembrane potassium transport. Reversibly converts between a voltage-insensitive potassium leak channel and a voltage-dependent outward rectifying potassium channel in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. In astrocytes, forms mostly heterodimeric potassium channels with KCNK1, with only a minor proportion of functional channels containing homodimeric KCNK2. In astrocytes, the heterodimer formed by KCNK1 and KCNK2 is required for rapid glutamate release in response to activation of G-protein coupled recep [...] (426 aa) |
| | Pex5l | PEX5-related protein; Accessory subunit of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, regulating their cell-surface expression and cyclic nucleotide dependence. Belongs to the peroxisomal targeting signal receptor family. (650 aa) |
| | Abcb8 | Mitochondrial potassium channel ATP-binding subunit; ATP-binding subunit of the mitochondrial potassium channel located in the mitochondrial inner membrane (By similarity). Together with CCDC51/MITOK, forms a protein complex localized in the mitochondria that mediates ATP-dependent potassium currents across the inner membrane (that is, mitoK(ATP) channel) (By similarity). Plays a role in mitochondrial iron transport. Required for maintenance of normal cardiac function, possibly by influencing mitochondrial iron export and regulating the maturation of cytosolic iron sulfur cluster-conta [...] (717 aa) |
| | Kcnq5 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 5; Associates with KCNQ3 to form a potassium channel which contributes to M-type current, a slowly activating and deactivating potassium conductance which plays a critical role in determining the subthreshold electrical excitability of neurons. Therefore, it is important in the regulation of neuronal excitability. May contribute, with other potassium channels, to the molecular diversity of a heterogeneous population of M-channels, varying in kinetic and pharmacological properties, which underlie this physiologically important current. (952 aa) |
| | Kcna4 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes. Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, and possibly other family members as well [...] (654 aa) |
| | Kcns1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily S member 1; Potassium channel subunit that does not form functional channels by itself. Can form functional heterotetrameric channels with KCNB1 and KCNB2; modulates the delayed rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel activation and deactivation rates of KCNB1 and KCNB2. (497 aa) |
| | Kcnj12 | ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12; Inward rectifying potassium channel that is activated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and that probably participates in controlling the resting membrane potential in electrically excitable cells. Probably participates in establishing action potential waveform and excitability of neuronal and muscle tissues. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potas [...] (529 aa) |
| | Kcna2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the cardiovascular system. Prevents aberrant action potential firing and regulates neuronal output. Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Can form funct [...] (499 aa) |
| | Kcnk1 | Potassium channel subfamily K member 1; Ion channel that contributes to passive transmembrane potassium transport and to the regulation of the resting membrane potential in brain astrocytes, but also in kidney and in other tissues. Forms dimeric channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel is selective for K(+) ions at physiological potassium concentrations and at neutral pH, but becomes permeable to Na(+) at subphysiological K(+) levels and upon acidification of the extracellular medium. The homodimer has very low potassium [...] (336 aa) |
| | Akap9 | A-kinase anchor protein 9; Scaffolding protein that assembles several protein kinases and phosphatases on the centrosome and Golgi apparatus. Required to maintain the integrity of the Golgi apparatus. Required for microtubule nucleation at the cis-side of the Golgi apparatus. Required for association of the centrosomes with the poles of the bipolar mitotic spindle during metaphase. In complex with PDE4DIP isoform 2/MMG8/SMYLE, recruits CAMSAP2 to the Golgi apparatus and tethers non-centrosomal minus-end microtubules to the Golgi, an important step for polarized cell movement. In comple [...] (3779 aa) |
| | Lrrc52 | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 52; Auxiliary protein of the large-conductance, voltage and calcium-activated potassium channel (BK alpha). Modulates gating properties by producing a marked shift in the BK channel's voltage dependence of activation in the hyperpolarizing direction, and in the absence of calcium (By similarity). KCNU1 channel auxiliary protein. May modulate KCNU1 gating properties, shifting KCNU1 gating to more negative potentials at a given pH. (314 aa) |
| | Kcnab1 | Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta-1; Cytoplasmic potassium channel subunit that modulates the characteristics of the channel-forming alpha-subunits. Modulates action potentials via its effect on the pore-forming alpha subunits. Promotes expression of the pore-forming alpha subunits at the cell membrane, and thereby increases channel activity. Mediates closure of delayed rectifier potassium channels by physically obstructing the pore via its N-terminal domain and increases the speed of channel closure for other family members (By similarity). Promotes the closure of KCNA1, KC [...] (401 aa) |
| | Cttn | Src substrate cortactin; Contributes to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell shape. Plays a role in the formation of lamellipodia and in cell migration (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of neuron morphology, axon growth and formation of neuronal growth cones (By similarity). Through its interaction with CTTNBP2, involved in the regulation of neuronal spine density. Plays a role in the invasiveness of cancer cells, and the formation of metastases (By similarity). Plays a role in focal adhesion assembly and turnover (By similarity). In complex with ABL1 and M [...] (546 aa) |
| | Kcne2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 2; Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits. Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex. Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. Associated with KCNH2/HERG is proposed to form the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). May associate with KCNQ2 and/or KCNQ3 and modulate the native M-t [...] (123 aa) |
| | Calm2 | Calmodulin 2. (149 aa) |
| | Kcna3 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3; Mediates the voltage-dependent potassium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient; Belongs to the potassium channel family. A (Shaker) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv1.3/KCNA3 sub-subfamily. (528 aa) |
| | Kcne1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1; Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits. Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex. Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. Assembled with KCNQ1/KVLQT1 is proposed to form the slowly activating delayed rectifier cardiac potassium (IKs) channel. The outward current reaches its steady state only after 50 seconds. Assembled with K [...] (129 aa) |
| | Lrrc38 | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 38; Auxiliary protein of the large-conductance, voltage and calcium-activated potassium channel (BK alpha). Modulates gating properties by producing a marked shift in the BK channel's voltage dependence of activation in the hyperpolarizing direction, and in the absence of calcium (By similarity). (298 aa) |
| | Kcng3 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily G member 3; Potassium channel subunit that does not form functional channels by itself. Can form functional heterotetrameric channels with KCNB1; modulates the delayed rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel activation and deactivation rates of KCNB1. (433 aa) |
| | Kcna1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the kidney. Contributes to the regulation of the membrane potential and nerve signaling, and prevents neuronal hyperexcitability. Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference acros [...] (495 aa) |
| | Kcnb1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain, but also in the pancreas and cardiovascular system. Contributes to the regulation of the action potential (AP) repolarization, duration and frequency of repetitive AP firing in neurons, muscle cells and endocrine cells and plays a role in homeostatic attenuation of electrical excitability throughout the brain. Plays also a role in the regulation of exocytosis independently of its electrical function (By sim [...] (857 aa) |
| | Kcne4 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 4; Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits. Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex. Associated with KCNQ1/KVLTQ1 inhibits potassium current (By similarity). (170 aa) |
| | Kcna5 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes. Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, and possibly other family members as well [...] (602 aa) |
| | Kcng4 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily G member 4; Potassium channel subunit that does not form functional channels by itself. Can form functional heterotetrameric channels with KCNB1; modulates the delayed rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel activation and deactivation rates of KCNB1. Belongs to the potassium channel family. G (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv6.4/KCNG4 sub-subfamily. (506 aa) |
| | Kcnj3 | G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1; This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. This receptor plays a crucial role in regulating t [...] (501 aa) |
| | Kcnq3 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3; Associates with KCNQ2 or KCNQ5 to form a potassium channel with essentially identical properties to the channel underlying the native M-current, a slowly activating and deactivating potassium conductance which plays a critical role in determining the subthreshold electrical excitability of neurons as well as the responsiveness to synaptic inputs. Therefore, it is important in the regulation of neuronal excitability. (873 aa) |
| | Kcnmb4 | Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4; Regulatory subunit of the calcium activated potassium KCNMA1 (maxiK) channel. Modulates the calcium sensitivity and gating kinetics of KCNMA1, thereby contributing to KCNMA1 channel diversity. Decreases the gating kinetics and calcium sensitivity of the KCNMA1 channel, but with fast deactivation kinetics. May decrease KCNMA1 channel openings at low calcium concentrations but increases channel openings at high calcium concentrations. Makes KCNMA1 channel resistant to 100 nM charybdotoxin (CTX) toxin concentrations (By similarity). Belo [...] (210 aa) |
| | Grik1 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus (B [...] (934 aa) |
| | Kcnh1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of a voltage-gated delayed rectifier potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by subunit assembly. Mediates IK(NI) current in myoblasts. Involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, in particular adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (By similarity). (989 aa) |
| | Scn5a | Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha; This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) channel isoform. This channel is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential. Channel inactivation is regulated by intracellular calcium levels (By similarity). Belongs to [...] (2020 aa) |
| | Kcnmb2 | Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2; Regulatory subunit of the calcium activated potassium KCNMA1 (maxiK) channel. Modulates the calcium sensitivity and gating kinetics of KCNMA1, thereby contributing to KCNMA1 channel diversity. Acts as a negative regulator that confers rapid and complete inactivation of KCNMA1 channel complex (By similarity). (235 aa) |
| | Kcnd3 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. May contribute to I(To) current in heart and I(Sa) current in neurons. Channel properties are modulated by interactions with other alpha subunits and with regulatory subunits. (655 aa) |
| | Kcnd2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain, but also in rodent heart. Mediates the major part of the dendritic A-type current I(SA) in brain neurons. This current is activated at membrane potentials that are below the threshold for action potentials. It regulates neuronal excitability, prolongs the latency before the first spike in a series of action potentials, regulates the frequency of repetitive action potential firing, shortens the duration of a [...] (630 aa) |
| | Kcnip4 | Kv channel-interacting protein 4; Regulatory subunit of Kv4/D (Shal)-type voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels, such as KCND2/Kv4.2 and KCND3/Kv4.3. Modulates channel expression at the cell membrane, gating characteristics, inactivation kinetics and rate of recovery from inactivation in a calcium-dependent and isoform-specific manner; Belongs to the recoverin family. (250 aa) |
| | Sumo1 | Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1; Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or a lysine-linked polymer. Covalent attachment via an isopeptide bond to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I, and can be promoted by E3 ligases such as PIAS1-4, RANBP2 or CBX4. This post- translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Involved for insta [...] (101 aa) |
| | Kcnj4 | Inward rectifier potassium channel 4; Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by extracellular barium and cesium (By similarity). (445 aa) |
| | Hcn2 | Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2; Hyperpolarization-activated ion channel exhibiting weak selectivity for potassium over sodium ions. Contributes to the native pacemaker currents in heart (If) and in neurons (Ih). Can also transport ammonium in the distal nephron. Produces a large instantaneous current. (863 aa) |
| | Abcc9 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9; Subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP). Can form cardiac and smooth muscle-type KATP channels with KCNJ11. KCNJ11 forms the channel pore while ABCC9 is required for activation and regulation. (1546 aa) |
