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| | Pcgf5 | Polycomb group RING finger protein 5; Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Within the PRC1-like complex, regulates RNF2 ubiquitin ligase activity (By similarity). Plays a redundant role with PCGF3 as part of a PRC1-like complex th [...] (236 aa) |
| | Trim55 | Tripartite motif-containing 55. (545 aa) |
| | Trim33 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33; Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Promotes SMAD4 ubiquitination, nuclear exclusion and degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (By similarity). May act as a transcriptional repressor (By similarity). Inhibits the transcriptional response to TGF-beta/BMP signaling cascade (By similarity). Plays a role in the control of cell proliferation (By similarity). Its association with SMAD2 and SMAD3 stimulates erythroid differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor. Monoubiquitinates SMAD4 and acts as an inhibitor of SMAD4-dependent TGF-beta/ [...] (1140 aa) |
| | Trim24 | Transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha; Transcriptional coactivator that interacts with numerous nuclear receptors and coactivators and modulates the transcription of target genes. Interacts with chromatin depending on histone H3 modifications, having the highest affinity for histone H3 that is both unmodified at 'Lys-4' (H3K4me0) and acetylated at 'Lys-23' (H3K23ac) (By similarity). Has E3 protein-ubiquitin ligase activity. Promotes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p53/TP53. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis via its effects on p53/TP53 [...] (1051 aa) |
| | Mkrn1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1; E3 ubiquitin ligase catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. These substrates include FILIP1, p53/TP53, CDKN1A and TERT. Keeps cells alive by suppressing p53/TP53 under normal conditions, but stimulates apoptosis by repressing CDKN1A under stress conditions. Acts as a negative regulator of telomerase (By similarity). Has negative and positive effects on RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. (481 aa) |
| | Trim30d | Tripartite motif-containing 30D. (497 aa) |
| | Trim21 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase whose activity is dependent on E2 enzymes, UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2E1 and UBE2E2. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 UBE2D2 that is used not only for the ubiquitination of USP4 and IKBKB but also for its self-ubiquitination. Component of cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes such as SCF(SKP2)-like complexes. A TRIM21-containing SCF(SKP2)-like complex is shown to mediate ubiquitination of CDKN1B ('Thr-187' phosphorylated-form), thereby promoting its degrad [...] (462 aa) |
| | Sh3rf1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SH3RF1; Has E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. In the absence of an external substrate, it can catalyze self-ubiquitination. Stimulates ubiquitination of potassium channel KCNJ1, enhancing its dynamin- dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis (By similarity). Acts as a scaffold protein that coordinates with MAPK8IP1/JIP1 in organizing different components of the JNK pathway, including RAC1 or RAC2, MAP3K11/MLK3 or MAP3K7/TAK1, MAP2K7/MKK7, MAPK8/JNK1 and/or MAPK9/JNK2 into a functional multiprotein complex to ensure the effective activation of the J [...] (891 aa) |
| | Trim42 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 42; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (723 aa) |
| | Trim46 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 46; Microtubule-associated protein that is involved in the formation of parallel microtubule bundles linked by cross-bridges in the proximal axon. Required for the uniform orientation and maintenance of the parallel microtubule fascicles, which are important for efficient cargo delivery and trafficking in axons. Thereby also required for proper axon formation, the establishment of neuronal polarity and proper neuronal migration. (759 aa) |
| | Trim41 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM41; Functions as an E3 ligase that catalyzes the ubiquitin- mediated degradation of protein kinase C. Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (630 aa) |
| | Rnf146 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF146; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically binds poly-ADP- ribosylated (PARsylated) proteins and mediates their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. May regulate many important biological processes, such as cell survival and DNA damage response. Acts as an activator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating the ubiquitination of PARsylated AXIN1 and AXIN2, 2 key components of the beta-catenin destruction complex. Acts in cooperation with tankyrase proteins (TNKS and TNKS2), which mediate PARsylation of target proteins AXIN1, AXIN2, BLZF1, CA [...] (359 aa) |
| | Rnf39 | Ring finger protein 39. (352 aa) |
| | Trim36 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Trim36; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Involved in chromosome segregation and cell cycle regulation. May play a role in the acrosome reaction and fertilization ; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (729 aa) |
| | Trim7 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM7; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (By similarity). Mediates 'Lys- 63'-linked polyubiquitination and stabilization of the JUN coactivator RNF187 in response to growth factor signaling via the MEK/ERK pathway, thereby regulating JUN transactivation and cellular proliferation (By similarity); Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (510 aa) |
| | Trim62 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM62; E3 ubiquitin ligase whose activity is dependent on E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D2. (475 aa) |
| | Cblc | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-C; Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and then transfers it to substrates promoting their degradation by the proteasome. Functionally coupled with the E2 ubiquitin-protein ligases UB2D1, UB2D2 and UB2D3. Regulator of EGFR mediated signal transduction; upon EGF activation, ubiquitinates EGFR. Isoform 1, but not isoform 2, inhibits EGF stimulated MAPK1 activation. Promotes ubiquitination of SRC phosphorylated at 'Tyr-424', has the highest ubiquitin ligase activity among CBL family [...] (496 aa) |
| | Trim60 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 60; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (466 aa) |
| | Pcgf3 | Polycomb group RING finger protein 3; Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Within the PRC1-like complex, regulates RNF2 ubiquitin ligase activity (By similarity). Plays a redundant role with PCGF5 as part of a PRC1-like complex th [...] (241 aa) |
| | Rnf113a1 | Ring finger protein 113A1. (341 aa) |
| | Trim2 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 2; UBE2D1-dependent E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the ubiquitination of NEFL and of phosphorylated BCL2L11. Plays a neuroprotective function. May play a role in neuronal rapid ischemic tolerance. (770 aa) |
| | Trim69 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM69; May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. May play a role in apoptosis; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (500 aa) |
| | Lonrf2 | LON peptidase N-terminal domain and ring finger 2. (518 aa) |
| | Topors | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Topors; Functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and as a E3 SUMO1-protein ligase. Probable tumor suppressor involved in cell growth, cell proliferation and apoptosis that regulates p53/TP53 stability through ubiquitin-dependent degradation. May regulate chromatin modification through sumoylation of several chromatin modification-associated proteins. May be involved in DNA-damage-induced cell death through IKBKE sumoylation. (1033 aa) |
| | Scaf11 | SR-related CTD-associated factor 11. (1456 aa) |
| | Mkrn2 | Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-2; E3 ubiquitin ligase catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. (416 aa) |
| | Uhrf1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF1; Multidomain protein that acts as a key epigenetic regulator by bridging DNA methylation and chromatin modification. Specifically recognizes and binds hemimethylated DNA at replication forks via its YDG domain and recruits DNMT1 methyltransferase to ensure faithful propagation of the DNA methylation patterns through DNA replication. In addition to its role in maintenance of DNA methylation, also plays a key role in chromatin modification: through its tudor-like regions and PHD-type zinc fingers, specifically recognizes and binds histone H3 trimethylate [...] (782 aa) |
| | Hltf | Helicase-like transcription factor; Has both helicase and E3 ubiquitin ligase activities. Possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity. This activity may be required for transcriptional activation or repression of specific target promoters (By similarity). These may include the SERPINE1, to which this protein can bind directly. Plays a role in error-free postreplication repair (PRR) of damaged DNA and maintains genomic stability through acting as a ubiquitin ligase for 'Lys-63'- linked polyubiquitination of chromatin-bound PCNA (By similarity). (1003 aa) |
| | Traf6 | TNF receptor-associated factor 6; E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with UBE2N and UBE2V1, mediates the synthesis of 'Lys-63'-linked-polyubiquitin chains conjugated to proteins, such as IKBKG, IRAK1, AKT1 and AKT2. Also mediates ubiquitination of free/unanchored polyubiquitin chain that leads to MAP3K7 activation (By similarity). Leads to the activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. May be essential for the formation of functional osteoclasts. Seems to also play a role in dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and/or activation. Represses c-Myb-mediated transactivation, in B-lymphocytes. Adapter p [...] (530 aa) |
| | Rnf151 | RING finger protein 151; May be involved in acrosome formation of spermatids. (239 aa) |
| | Trim71 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM71; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that cooperates with the microRNAs (miRNAs) machinery and promotes embryonic stem cells proliferation and maintenance. Binds to miRNAs and associates with AGO2, participating in post-transcriptional repression of transcripts such as CDKN1A. Facilitates the G1-S transition to promote rapid embryonic stem cell self-renewal by repressing CDKN1A expression. In addition, participates in post- transcriptional mRNA repression in a miRNA independent mechanism. Required to maintain proliferation and prevent premature differentiatio [...] (855 aa) |
| | Trim9 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM9; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which ubiquitinates itself in cooperation with an E2 enzyme UBE2D2/UBC4 and serves as a targeting signal for proteasomal degradation. May play a role in regulation of neuronal functions. May act as a regulator of synaptic vesicle exocytosis by controlling the availability of SNAP25 for the SNARE complex formation; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (788 aa) |
| | Rbck1 | RanBP-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger-containing protein 1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, such as UBE2L3/UBCM4, and then transfers it to substrates. Functions as an E3 ligase for oxidized IREB2 and both heme and oxygen are necessary for IREB2 ubiquitination. Promotes ubiquitination of TAB2 and IRF3 and their degradation by the proteasome. Component of the LUBAC complex which conjugates linear ('Met-1'-linked) polyubiquitin chains to substrates and plays a key role in NF-kappa-B activation and regulation of inflammat [...] (508 aa) |
| | Rnf114 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF114; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes the ubiquitination of various substrates. In turn, participates in the regulation of many biological processes including cell cycle, apoptosis, osteoclastogenesis as well as innate or adaptive immunity. Acts as negative regulator of NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription by promoting the ubiquitination and stabilization of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor TNFAIP3. May promote the ubiquitination of TRAF6 as well. Acts also as a negative regulator of T-cell activation. Inhibits cellular dsRNA responses and interferon produ [...] (229 aa) |
| | Birc7 | Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 7 30 kDa subunit; Apoptotic regulator capable of exerting proapoptotic and anti-apoptotic activities and plays crucial roles in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle control. Its anti-apoptotic activity is mediated through the inhibition of caspase-3, -7, and -9, as well as by its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. As it is a weak caspase inhibitor, its anti-apoptotic activity is thought to be due to its ability to ubiquitinate DIABLO/SMAC targeting it for degradation thereby promoting cell survival. May contribute to caspase inhibit [...] (285 aa) |
| | Trim11 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM11; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes the degradation of insoluble ubiquitinated proteins, including insoluble PAX6, poly-Gln repeat expanded HTT and poly-Ala repeat expanded ARX. Mediates PAX6 ubiquitination leading to proteasomal degradation, thereby modulating cortical neurogenesis. May also inhibit PAX6 transcriptional activity, possibly in part by preventing the binding of PAX6 to its consensus sequences. May contribute to the regulation of the intracellular level of HN (humanin) or HN-containing proteins through the proteasomal degradation [...] (483 aa) |
| | Trim25 | E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25; Functions as a ubiquitin E3 ligase and as an ISG15 E3 ligase. Involved in innate immune defense against viruses by mediating ubiquitination of DDX58 and IFIH1. Mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of the DDX58 N-terminal CARD-like region and may play a role in signal transduction that leads to the production of interferons in response to viral infection. Mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of IFIH1. Promotes ISGylation of 14-3-3 sigma (SFN), an adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum signaling pathway. Mediates e [...] (634 aa) |
| | Trim59 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 59; May serve as a multifunctional regulator for innate immune signaling pathways; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (403 aa) |
| | Rnf183 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF183; Acts as a E3 ubiquitin ligase catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. Triggers apoptosis in response to prolonged ER stress by mediating the polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of BCL2L1 (By similarity). May collaborate with FATE1 to restrain BIK protein levels thus regulating apoptotic signaling (By similarity). (190 aa) |
| | Trim34b | Tripartite motif-containing 34B. (485 aa) |
| | Trim12a | Tripartite motif-containing protein 12A; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (297 aa) |
| | Trim30c | Tripartite motif-containing 30C. (513 aa) |
| | Trim66 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 66; May function as transcription repressor; The repressive effects are mediated, at least in part, by recruitment of deacetylase activity. May play a role as negative regulator of postmeiotic genes acting through CBX3 complex formation and centromere association. (1344 aa) |
| | Trim72 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 72; Muscle-specific protein that plays a central role in cell membrane repair by nucleating the assembly of the repair machinery at injury sites. Specifically binds phosphatidylserine. Acts as a sensor of oxidation: upon membrane damage, entry of extracellular oxidative environment results in disulfide bond formation and homooligomerization at the injury site. This oligomerization acts as a nucleation site for recruitment of TRIM72-containing vesicles to the injury site, leading to membrane patch formation. Probably acts upstream of the Ca(2+)- depen [...] (477 aa) |
| | Phrf1 | PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 1. (1682 aa) |
| | Trim63 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM63; E3 ubiquitin ligase. Mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CKM, GMEB1 and HIBADH. Regulates the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins under amino acid starvation, where muscle protein is catabolized to provide other organs with amino acids. Inhibits de novo skeletal muscle protein synthesis under amino acid starvation. Regulates proteasomal degradation of cardiac troponin I/TNNI3 and probably of other sarcomeric-associated proteins. May play a role in striated muscle atrophy and hypertrophy by regulating an anti-h [...] (355 aa) |
| | Pex10 | Peroxisome biogenesis factor 10; Somewhat implicated in the biogenesis of peroxisomes. (324 aa) |
| | Cbll1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Hakai; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of several tyrosine-phosphorylated Src substrates, including CDH1, CTTN and DOK1. Targets CDH1 for endocytosis and degradation. Associated component of the WMM complex, a complex that mediates N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of RNAs, a modification that plays a role in the efficiency of mRNA splicing and RNA processing. Its function in the WMM complex is unknown. Belongs to the Hakai family. (491 aa) |
| | Rc3h2 | Roquin-2; Post-transcriptional repressor of mRNAs containing a conserved stem loop motif, called constitutive decay element (CDE), which is often located in the 3'-UTR, as in HMGXB3, ICOS, IER3, NFKBID, NFKBIZ, PPP1R10, TNF and in many more mRNAs. Binds to CDE and promotes mRNA deadenylation and degradation. This process does not involve miRNAs. In follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, represses of ICOS and TNFRSF4 expression, thus preventing spontaneous Tfh cell differentiation, germinal center B-cell differentiation in the absence of immunization and autoimmunity. In resting or LPS-stimul [...] (1187 aa) |
| | Trim6 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 6; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which ubiquitinates MYC and inhibits its transcription activation activity, maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Involved in the synthesis of unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin chains which interact with and activate the serine/threonine kinase IKBKE, leading to phosphorylation of STAT1 and stimulation of an antiviral response ; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (488 aa) |
| | Trim5 | Tripartite motif-containing 5. (497 aa) |
| | Rnf17 | RING finger protein 17; Seems to be involved in regulation of transcriptional activity of MYC. In vitro, inhibits DNA-binding activity of Mad-MAX heterodimers. Can recruit Mad transcriptional repressors (MXD1, MXD3, MXD4 and MXI1) to the cytoplasm. May be involved in spermiogenesis. (1640 aa) |
| | Trim75 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 75; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (467 aa) |
| | Mkrn3 | Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-3; E3 ubiquitin ligase catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. (544 aa) |
| | Rnf187 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF187; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a coactivator of JUN-mediated gene activation in response to growth factor signaling via the MAP3K1 pathway, independently from MAPK8. (236 aa) |
| | Trim80 | Tripartite motif-containing 80. (624 aa) |
| | Rnf213 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF213; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in angiogenesis. Involved in the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway in vascular development: acts by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of FLNA and NFATC2 downstream of RSPO3, leading to inhibit the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway and promoting vessel regression. Also has ATPase activity. (5152 aa) |
| | Pcgf1 | Polycomb group RING finger protein 1; Component of the Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein BCOR complex, a complex required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of some genes, such as BCL6 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, CDKN1A. Transcriptional repressor that may be targeted to the DNA by BCL6; this transcription repressor activity may be related to PKC signaling pathway. Represses CDKN1A expression by binding to its promoter, and this repression is dependent on the retinoic acid response element (RARE element). Promotes cell cycle progression and enhances cell p [...] (247 aa) |
| | Lnx1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LNX; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of NUMB. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Mediates ubiquitination of isoform p66 and isoform p72 of NUMB, but not that of isoform p71 or isoform p65. (728 aa) |
| | Trim40 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 40; May function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase of the NEDD8 conjugation pathway. Promotes neddylation of IKBKG/NEMO, stabilizing NFKBIA, and inhibiting of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and activity (By similarity); Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (246 aa) |
| | Pml | Protein PML; Functions via its association with PML-nuclear bodies (PML- NBs) in a wide range of important cellular processes, including tumor suppression, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage response, and viral defense mechanisms. Acts as the scaffold of PML-NBs allowing other proteins to shuttle in and out, a process which is regulated by SUMO-mediated modifications and interactions. Positively regulates p53/TP53 by acting at different levels (by promoting its acetylation and phosphorylation and by inhibiting its MDM2-dependent degradation). Regulates phosph [...] (885 aa) |
| | Traf5 | TNF receptor-associated factor 5; Adapter protein and signal transducer that links members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family to different signaling pathways by association with the receptor cytoplasmic domain and kinases. Mediates activation of NF-kappa-B and probably JNK. Seems to be involved in apoptosis. Plays a role in mediating activation of NF- kappa-B by EIF2AK2/PKR. (552 aa) |
| | Trim68 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM68; Functions as a ubiquitin E3 ligase. Acts as a coactivator of androgen receptor (AR) depending on its ubiquitin ligase activity. (485 aa) |
| | Dtx3l | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase DTX3L; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which, in association with ADP- ribosyltransferase PARP9, plays a role in DNA damage repair and in interferon-mediated antiviral responses. Monoubiquitinates several histones, including histone H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. In response to DNA damage, mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-91' of histone H4 (H4K91ub1). The exact role of H4K91ub1 in DNA damage response is still unclear but it may function as a licensing signal for additional histone H4 post-translational modifications such as H4 'Lys-20' methylation (H4K20me). PARP1-depe [...] (748 aa) |
| | Rag1 | V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1; Catalytic component of the RAG complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the DNA cleavage phase during V(D)J recombination. V(D)J recombination assembles a diverse repertoire of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in developing B and T- lymphocytes through rearrangement of different V (variable), in some cases D (diversity), and J (joining) gene segments. In the RAG complex, RAG1 mediates the DNA-binding to the conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) and catalyzes the DNA cleavage activities by introducing a double-strand break [...] (1040 aa) |
| | Trim31 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM31; May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity (By similarity). Regulator of Src-induced anchorage independent cell growth. (507 aa) |
| | Trim30a | Tripartite motif-containing protein 30A; Trans-acting factor that regulates gene expression of interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain. May affect IL2R-alpha expression through cis-acting negative regulatory elements or through competition with proteins that bind to enhancer or activator sequences. Negatively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated activation of NFKB by promoting degradation of TAB2 and TAB3 and preventing TRAF6 autoubiquitination. Negatively regulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which inhibits activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. This, in turn, [...] (496 aa) |
| | Cop1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase COP1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Involved in JUN ubiquitination and degradation. Directly involved in p53 (TP53) ubiquitination and degradation, thereby abolishing p53-dependent transcription and apoptosis. Ubiquitinates p53 independently of MDM2 or RCHY1. Probably mediates E3 ubiquitin ligase activity [...] (733 aa) |
| | Rnf207 | RING finger protein 207; Plays a role in cardiac repolarization possibly by stabilizing membrane expression of the potassium channel KCNH2/HERG, or by assisting its synthesis, folding or export from the endoplasmic reticulum, in a heat shock protein-dependent manner. (635 aa) |
| | Pdzrn3 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase PDZRN3; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Plays an important role in regulating the surface level of MUSK on myotubes. Mediates the ubiquitination of MUSK, promoting its endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. Might contribute to terminal myogenic differentiation. (1063 aa) |
| | Trim17 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM17; May function as a ubiquitin E3 ligase. Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (477 aa) |
| | Trim58 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM58; E3 ubiquitin ligase induced during late erythropoiesis. Directly binds and ubiquitinates the intermediate chain of the microtubule motor dynein (DYNC1LI1/DYNC1LI2), stimulating the degradation of the dynein holoprotein complex. May participate in the erythroblast enucleation process through regulation of nuclear polarization. (485 aa) |
| | Sh3rf2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SH3RF2; Has E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. Acts as an anti- apoptotic regulator of the JNK pathway by ubiquitinating and promoting the degradation of SH3RF1, a scaffold protein that is required for pro- apoptotic JNK activation. Facilitates TNF-alpha-mediated recruitment of adapter proteins TRADD and RIPK1 to TNFRSF1A and regulates PAK4 protein stability via inhibition of its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. Inhibits PPP1CA phosphatase activity (By similarity). (735 aa) |
| | Rnf10 | RING finger protein 10; Transcriptional factor involved in the regulation of MAG (Myelin-associated glycoprotein) expression and myelin formation in Schwann cells; Belongs to the RNF10 family. (805 aa) |
| | Rnf144b | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF144B; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBE2L3 and UBE2L6 in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates such as LCMT2, thereby promoting their degradation. Induces apoptosis via a p53/TP53-dependent but caspase-independent mechanism. However, its overexpression also produces a decrease of the ubiquitin- dependent stability of BAX, a pro-apoptotic protein, ultimately leading to protection of cell death; But, it is not an anti-apoptotic protein per se (By s [...] (301 aa) |
| | Rad18 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RAD18; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in postreplication repair of UV-damaged DNA. Postreplication repair functions in gap- filling of a daughter strand on replication of damaged DNA. Associates to the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2B to form the UBE2B-RAD18 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in mono-ubiquitination of DNA- associated PCNA on 'Lys-164'. Has ssDNA binding activity. (556 aa) |
| | Trim23 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM23; Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Plays an essential role in autophagy activation during viral infection. Mechanistically, activates TANK-binding kinase 1/TBK1 by facilitating its dimerization and ability to phosphorylate the selective autophagy receptor SQSTM1. In order to achieve this function, TRIM23 mediates 'Lys-27'-linked auto-ubiquitination of its ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) domain to induce its GTPase activity and its recruitment to autophagosomes. (554 aa) |
| | Rnf222 | RING finger protein 222. (211 aa) |
| | Rnf185 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF185; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that regulates selective mitochondrial autophagy by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of BNIP1. Acts in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, which targets misfolded proteins that accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation. Protects cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. Responsible for the cotranslational ubiquitination and degradation of CFTR in the ERAD pathway. Preferentially associates with the E2 enzymes UB [...] (228 aa) |
| | Trim50 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM50; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that ubiquitinates Beclin-1/BECN1 in a 'Lys-63'-dependent manner enhancing its binding to ULK1. In turn, promotes starvation-induced autophagy activation. Interacts also with p62/SQSTM1 protein and thereby induces the formation and the autophagy clearance of aggresome-associated polyubiquitinated proteins through HDAC6 interaction. (483 aa) |
| | Lonrf1 | LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein 1. (837 aa) |
| | Trim65 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 65. (522 aa) |
| | Trim15 | Tripartite motif-containing 15. (292 aa) |
| | Pdzrn4 | PDZ domain-containing RING finger 4. (1014 aa) |
| | Rnf41 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NRDP1; Acts as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and regulates the degradation of target proteins. Polyubiquitinates MYD88 (By similarity). Negatively regulates MYD88-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines. Can promote TRIF-dependent production of type I interferon and inhibits infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. Promotes also activation of TBK1 and IRF3. Involved in the ubiquitination of erythropoietin (EPO) and interleukin- 3 (IL-3) receptors. Thus, through maintaining basal levels of cytokine receptors, RNF41 is involved in the control of hema [...] (317 aa) |
| | Trim67 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 67. (768 aa) |
| | Pex2 | Peroxisome biogenesis factor 2; Somewhat implicated in the biogenesis of peroxisomes; Belongs to the pex2/pex10/pex12 family. (305 aa) |
| | Trim43c | Tripartite motif-containing protein 43C. (446 aa) |
| | Rnf20 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1A; Component of the RNF20/40 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-120' of histone H2B (H2BK120ub1). H2BK120ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for histone H3 'Lys-4' and 'Lys-79' methylation (H3K4me and H3K79me, respectively). It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. The RNF20/40 complex forms a H2B ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 enzyme UBE2A or UBE2B; reports about the cooperation with UBE2E1/UBCH are contradic [...] (973 aa) |
| | Trim13 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM13; Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane anchored E3 ligase involved in the retrotranslocation and turnover of membrane and secretory proteins from the ER through a set of processes named ER- associated degradation (ERAD). This process acts on misfolded proteins as well as in the regulated degradation of correctly folded proteins. Enhances ionizing radiation-induced p53/TP53 stability and apoptosis via ubiquitinating MDM2 and AKT1 and decreasing AKT1 kinase activity through MDM2 and AKT1 proteasomal degradation. Regulates ER stress- induced autophagy, and [...] (407 aa) |
| | Trim43a | Tripartite motif-containing protein 43A. (445 aa) |
| | Trim43b | Tripartite motif-containing protein 43B. (445 aa) |
| | Rnf14 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF14; Might act as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and then transfers it to substrates, which could be nuclear proteins. Could play a role as a coactivator for androgen- and, to a lesser extent, progesterone-dependent transcription (By similarity). (485 aa) |
| | Rc3h1 | Roquin-1; Post-transcriptional repressor of mRNAs containing a conserved stem loop motif, called constitutive decay element (CDE), which is often located in the 3'-UTR, as in HMGXB3, ICOS, IER3, NFKBID, NFKBIZ, PPP1R10, TNF, TNFRSF4 and in many more mRNAs. Cleaves translationally inactive mRNAs harboring a stem-loop (SL), often located in their 3'-UTRs, during the early phase of inflammation in a helicase UPF1-independent manner. Binds to CDE and promotes mRNA deadenylation and degradation. This process does not involve miRNAs. In follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, represses of ICOS and [...] (1130 aa) |
| | Sh3rf3 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SH3RF3; Has E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. (878 aa) |
| | Trim45 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 45; May act as a transcriptional repressor in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. (757 aa) |
| | Rnft2 | RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein 2. (446 aa) |
| | Rnf186 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF186; E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that is part of an apoptotic signaling pathway activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress. In that process, stimulates the expression of proteins specific of the unfolded protein response (UPR), ubiquitinates BNIP1 and regulates its localization to the mitochondrion and induces calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum that ultimately leads to cell apoptosis. (280 aa) |
| | Cblb | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and transfers it to substrates, generally promoting their degradation by the proteasome. Negatively regulates TCR (T-cell receptor), BCR (B-cell receptor) and FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor) signal transduction pathways. In naive T-cells, inhibits VAV1 activation upon TCR engagement and imposes a requirement for CD28 costimulation for proliferation and IL-2 production. Also acts by promoting PIK3R1/p85 ubiquitination, which impairs [...] (938 aa) |
| | Rnf208 | RING finger protein 208. (265 aa) |
| | Traf2 | TNF receptor-associated factor 2; Regulates activation of NF-kappa-B and JNK and plays a central role in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Has E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promotes 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of target proteins, such as BIRC3, RIPK1 and TICAM1. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, where it promotes the ubiquitination of target proteins by bringing them into contact with other E3 ubiquitin ligases. Regulates BIRC2 and BIRC3 protein levels [...] (508 aa) |
| | Trim39 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM39; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (By similarity). May facilitate apoptosis by inhibiting APC/C-Cdh1-mediated poly-ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of the pro-apoptotic protein MOAP1 (By similarity). Regulates the G1/S transition of the cell cycle and DNA damage-induced G2 arrest by stabilizing CDKN1A/p21 (By similarity). Positively regulates CDKN1A/p21 stability by competing with DTL for CDKN1A/p21 binding, therefore disrupting DCX(DTL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex-mediated CDKN1A/p21 ubiquitination and degradation (By similarity). (488 aa) |
| | Trim32 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM32; Has an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Ubiquitinates DTNBP1 (dysbindin). May ubiquitinate BBS2 (By similarity). Ubiquitinates PIAS4/PIASY and promotes its degradation in keratinocytes treated with UVB and TNF-alpha. (655 aa) |
| | Traf7 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRAF7; E3 ubiquitin ligase capable of auto-ubiquitination, following phosphorylation by MAP3K3. Potentiates MEKK3-mediated activation of the NF-kappa-B, JUN/AP1 and DDIT3 transcriptional regulators. Induces apoptosis when overexpressed. Plays a role in the phosphorylation of MAPK1 and/or MAPK3, probably via its interaction with MAP3K3. (669 aa) |
| | Rnf141 | RING finger protein 141; May be involved in spermatogenesis. (230 aa) |
| | Pcgf2 | Polycomb group RING finger protein 2; Transcriptional repressor. Binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-GACTNGACT-3'. Has tumor suppressor activity. May play a role in control of cell proliferation and/or neural cell development (Probable). Regulates proliferation of early T progenitor cells by maintaining expression of HES1. Also plays a role in antero- posterior specification of the axial skeleton and negative regulation of the self-renewal activity of hematopoietic stem cells. Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain [...] (342 aa) |
| | Cul9 | Cullin-9; Core component of a Cul9-RING ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, a complex that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of BIRC5 and is required to maintain microtubule dynamics and genome integrity. Acts downstream of the 3M complex, which inhibits CUL9 activity, leading to prevent ubiquitination of BIRC5. Cytoplasmic anchor protein in p53/TP53-associated protein complex. Regulates the subcellular localization of p53/TP53 and subsequent function; Belongs to the cullin family. (2530 aa) |
| | Rnf113a2 | Ring finger protein 113A2. (337 aa) |
| | Rnf4 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF4; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which binds polysumoylated chains covalently attached to proteins and mediates 'Lys-6'-, 'Lys-11'-, 'Lys- 48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of those substrates and their subsequent targeting to the proteasome for degradation. Regulates the degradation of several proteins including PML and the transcriptional activator PEA3. Involved in chromosome alignment and spindle assembly, it regulates the kinetochore CENPH-CENPI-CENPK complex by targeting polysumoylated CENPI to proteasomal degradation. Regulates the cellular [...] (194 aa) |
| | Rnf2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-119' of histone H2A (H2AK119Ub), thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. H2AK119Ub gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression and participates in X chromosome inactivation of female mammals. May be involved in the initiation of both imprinted and random X inactivation. Essential component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, i [...] (336 aa) |
| | Rnf224 | RING finger protein 224. (156 aa) |
| | Cbl | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL; Adapter protein that functions as a negative regulator of many signaling pathways that are triggered by activation of cell surface receptors. Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and then transfers it to substrates promoting their degradation by the proteasome. Recognizes activated receptor tyrosine kinases, including KIT, FLT1, FGFR1, FGFR2, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, EGFR, CSF1R, EPHA8 and KDR and terminates signaling. Recognizes membrane-bound HCK, SRC and other kinases of the SRC family [...] (913 aa) |
| | Rnf40 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1B; Component of the RNF20/40 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-120' of histone H2B (H2BK120ub1). H2BK120ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for histone H3 'Lys-4' and 'Lys-79' methylation (H3K4me and H3K79me, respectively). It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. The RNF20/40 complex forms a H2B ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 enzyme UBE2A or UBE2B; reports about the cooperation with UBE2E1/UBCH are contradic [...] (1001 aa) |
| | Rnf227 | RING finger protein 227. (190 aa) |
| | Rnf223 | RING finger protein 223. (255 aa) |
| | Rnf212 | Probable E3 SUMO-protein ligase RNF212; SUMO E3 ligase that acts as a regulator of crossing-over during meiosis: required to couple chromosome synapsis to the formation of crossover-specific recombination complexes. Localizes to recombination sites and stabilizes meiosis-specific recombination factors, such as MutS-gamma complex proteins (MSH4 and MSH5) and TEX11. May mediate sumoylation of target proteins MSH4 and/or MSH5, leading to enhance their binding to recombination sites. Acts as a limiting factor for crossover designation and/or reinforcement and plays an antagonist role with [...] (307 aa) |
| | Rnf212b | RING finger protein 212B. (297 aa) |
| | Trim27 | Zinc finger protein RFP; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of PIK3C2B and inhibits its activity; mediates the formation of 'Lys-48'- linked polyubiquitin chains; the function inhibits CD4 T-cell activation. Acts as a regulator of retrograde transport: together with MAGEL2, mediates the formation of 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains at 'Lys-220' of WASHC1, leading to promote endosomal F-actin assembly. Has a transcriptional repressor activity. Induces apoptosis by activating Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase and also increases caspase-3-like activity indepen [...] (513 aa) |
| | Ubox5 | RING finger protein 37; May have a ubiquitin-protein ligase activity acting as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase or as a ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase promoting elongation of ubiquitin chains on substrates. (539 aa) |
| | Trim38 | Tripartite motif-containing 38. (471 aa) |
| | Rnf180 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF180; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which promotes polyubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome pathway of ZIC2. (575 aa) |
| | Rnf182 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF182; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the ubiquitination of ATP6V0C and targets it to degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Plays also a role in the inhibition of TLR-triggered innate immune response by mediating 'Lys'-48-linked ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of NF-kappa-B component RELA. (247 aa) |
| | Trim12c | Tripartite motif-containing 12C. (497 aa) |
| | Rnf125 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF125; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, such as DDX58/RIG-I, MAVS/IPS1, IFIH1/MDA5, JAK1 and p53/TP53. Acts as a negative regulator of type I interferon production by mediating ubiquitination of DDX58/RIG-I at 'Lys-181', leading to DDX58/RIG-I degradation. Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of p53/TP53. Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of JAK1. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell activation. (140 aa) |
| | Trim56 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM56; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a key role in innate antiviral immunity. In response to pathogen- and host-derived double- stranded DNA (dsDNA), targets STING1 to 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination, thereby promoting its homodimerization, a step required for the production of type I interferon IFN-beta. Independently of its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, positive regulator of TLR3 signaling. Potentiates extracellular double stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced expression of IFNB1 and interferon-stimulated genes ISG15, IFIT1/ISG56, CXCL10, OASL and CCL5/RAN [...] (734 aa) |
| | Mid1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Midline-1; Has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity towards IGBP1, promoting its monoubiquitination, which results in deprotection of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase PP2A, and its subsequent degradation by polyubiquitination. (680 aa) |
| | Chfr | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHFR; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions in the antephase checkpoint by actively delaying passage into mitosis in response to microtubule poisons. Acts in early prophase before chromosome condensation, when the centrosome move apart from each other along the periphery of the nucleus. Probably involved in signaling the presence of mitotic stress caused by microtubule poisons by mediating the 'Lys- 48'-linked ubiquitination of target proteins, leading to their degradation by the proteasome. Promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of AURK [...] (664 aa) |
| | Mid2 | Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MID2; May play a role in microtubule stabilization. Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (685 aa) |
| | Arih2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ARIH2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, which catalyzes ubiquitination of target proteins together with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 UBE2L3 (By similarity). Acts as an atypical E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase by working together with cullin-5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (ECS complex, also named CRL5 complex) and initiating ubiquitination of ECS substrates: associates with ECS complex and specifically mediates addition of the first ubiquitin on ECS targets (By similarity). The initial ubiquitin is then elongated (By similarity). E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase acti [...] (492 aa) |
| | Trim54 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 54; May bind and stabilize microtubules during myotubes formation. (366 aa) |
| | Rnf170 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF170; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an essential role in stimulus-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) ubiquitination and degradation via the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Also involved in ITPR1 turnover in resting cells. (286 aa) |
| | Rnf166 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF166; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes the ubiquitination of different substrates. In turn, participates in different biological processes including interferon production or autophagy. Plays a role in the activation of RNA virus-induced interferon-beta production by promoting the ubiquitination of TRAF3 and TRAF6. Plays also a role in the early recruitment of autophagy adapters to bacteria. Mediates 'Lys- 29' and 'Lys-33'-linked ubiquitination of SQSTM1 leading to xenophagic targeting of bacteria and inhibition of their replication. (237 aa) |
| | Rnf5 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF5; Has E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. May function together with E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBE2D1/UBCH5A and UBE2D2/UBC4. Mediates ubiquitination of PXN/paxillin. May be involved in regulation of cell motility and localization of PXN/paxillin. Mediates the 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of JKAMP thereby regulating JKAMP function by decreasing its association with components of the proteasome and ERAD; the ubiquitination appears to involve E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2N. Mediates the 'Lys-48'- linked polyubiquitination [...] (180 aa) |
| | Lonrf3 | LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein 3. (753 aa) |
| | Lnx2 | Ligand of Numb protein X 2. (687 aa) |
| | Brca1 | Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein homolog; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically mediates the formation of 'Lys-6'-linked polyubiquitin chains and plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular responses to DNA damage. It is unclear whether it also mediates the formation of other types of polyubiquitin chains. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is required for its tumor suppressor function. The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain [...] (1812 aa) |
| | Traf4 | TNF receptor-associated factor 4; Adapter protein and signal transducer that links members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family to different signaling pathways. Plays a role in the activation of NF-kappa-B and JNK, and in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. Regulates activation of NF-kappa-B in response to signaling through Toll-like receptors. Required for activation of RPS6KB1 in response to TNF signaling. Modulates TRAF6 functions (By similarity). Required for normal skeleton development, and for normal development of the respiratory tract. (470 aa) |
| | Rnf135 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF135; E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions as a RIG-I/DDX58 coreceptor in the sensing of viral RNAs in cell cytoplasm and the activation of the antiviral innate immune response. Together with the UBE2D3, UBE2N and UB2V1 E2 ligases, catalyzes the 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of RIG-I/DDX58 oligomerized on viral RNAs, an essential step in the activation of the RIG-I signaling pathway. Through a ubiquitin-independent parallel mechanism, which consists in bridging RIG-I/DDX58 filaments forming on longer viral RNAs, further activates th [...] (417 aa) |
| | Rnf31 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF31; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase component of the LUBAC complex which conjugates linear ('Met-1'-linked) polyubiquitin chains to substrates and plays a key role in NF-kappa-B activation and regulation of inflammation. LUBAC conjugates linear polyubiquitin to IKBKG and RIPK1 and is involved in activation of the canonical NF-kappa-B and the JNK signaling pathways (By similarity). Linear ubiquitination mediated by the LUBAC complex interferes with TNF-induced cell death and thereby prevents inflammation. Recruited to the TNF-R1 signaling complex (TNF-RSC) fol [...] (1066 aa) |
| | Rnft1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNFT1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, which targets misfolded proteins that accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation. Protects cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. (395 aa) |
| | Rnf144a | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF144A; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBE2L3 and UBE2L6 in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of the DNA damage kinase PRKDC. (292 aa) |
| | Trim47 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM47; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of CYLD; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (642 aa) |
| | Mnat1 | CDK-activating kinase assembly factor MAT1; Stabilizes the cyclin H-CDK7 complex to form a functional CDK-activating kinase (CAK) enzymatic complex. CAK activates the cyclin-associated kinases CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 by threonine phosphorylation. CAK complexed to the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor activates RNA polymerase II by serine phosphorylation of the repetitive C-terminal domain (CTD) of its large subunit (POLR2A), allowing its escape from the promoter and elongation of the transcripts. Involved in cell cycle control and in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. (309 aa) |
| | Traf3 | TNF receptor-associated factor 3; Regulates pathways leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B and MAP kinases, and plays a central role in the regulation of B-cell survival. Part of signaling pathways leading to the production of cytokines and interferon. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Plays a role T-cell dependent immune responses. Plays a role in the regulation of antiviral responses. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promote 'Lys-63'- linked ubiquitination of [...] (567 aa) |
| | Trim35 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 35; Reduces FGFR1-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of PKM, inhibiting PKM-dependent lactate production, glucose metabolism, and cell growth (By similarity). Implicated in the cell death mechanism. (516 aa) |
| | Trim52 | Tripartite motif-containing 52. (233 aa) |
| | Bfar | Bifunctional apoptosis regulator; Apoptosis regulator. Has anti-apoptotic activity, both for apoptosis triggered via death-receptors and via mitochondrial factors (By similarity). (450 aa) |
| | Rnf8 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF8; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a key role in DNA damage signaling via 2 distinct roles: by mediating the 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of histones H2A and H2AX and promoting the recruitment of DNA repair proteins at double-strand breaks (DSBs) sites, and by catalyzing 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitination to remove target proteins from DNA damage sites. Following DNA DSBs, it is recruited to the sites of damage by ATM-phosphorylated MDC1 and catalyzes the 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of histones H2A and H2AX, thereby promoting the formation of TP53 [...] (488 aa) |
| | Ring1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1; Constitutes one of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases that mediate monoubiquitination of 'Lys-119' of histone H2A, thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. H2A 'Lys-119' ubiquitination gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression and participates in X chromosome inactivation of female mammals. Essential component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG P [...] (406 aa) |
| | Uhrf2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF2; E3 SUMO-, but not ubiquitin-, protein ligase for ZNF131 (By similarity). E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is an intermolecular hub protein in the cell cycle network. Ubiquitinates cyclins, CCND1 and CCNE1, in an apparently phosphorylation-independent manner and induces G1 arrest. Also ubiquitinates PCNP leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Through cooperative DNA and histone binding, may contribute to a tighter epigenetic control of gene expression in differentiated cells. (803 aa) |
| | Trim8 | Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM8; Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which may promote proteasomal degradation of SOCS1; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (551 aa) |
| | Pcgf6 | Polycomb group RING finger protein 6; Transcriptional repressor. May modulate the levels of histone H3K4Me3 by activating KDM5D histone demethylase. Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Within the PRC1-like complex, regulates RNF2 [...] (353 aa) |
| | Bard1 | BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer specifically mediates the formation of 'Lys-6'-linked polyubiquitin chains and coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Plays a central role in the control of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. Acts by mediating ubiquitin E3 ligase activity that is required for its tumor suppressor function. Also forms a heterodimer with CSTF1/CSTF-50 to modulate mRNA processing and RNAP II [...] (765 aa) |
| | Bmi1 | Polycomb complex protein BMI-1; Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. The complex composed of RNF2, UB2D3 and BMI1 binds nucleosomes, and has activity only with nucleosomal histone H2A. In the PRC1-like complex, regulates the E3 ub [...] (324 aa) |
| | Rnf225 | RING finger protein 225. (332 aa) |
| | Dtx3 | Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase DTX3; Regulator of Notch signaling, a signaling pathway involved in cell-cell communications that regulates a broad spectrum of cell-fate determinations. Probably acts both as a positive and negative regulator of Notch, depending on the developmental and cell context. Functions as a ubiquitin ligase protein in vitro, suggesting that it may regulate the Notch pathway via some ubiquitin ligase activity. (347 aa) |
| | Trim10 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 10; Seems to play an important role in erythropoiesis; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (489 aa) |
| | Trim34a | Tripartite motif-containing protein 34A; May function as antiviral protein and may contribute to the defense against retroviral infections; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (485 aa) |
| | Nhlrc1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NHLRC1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Together with the phosphatase EPM2A/laforin, appears to be involved in the clearance of toxic polyglucosan and protein aggregates via multiple pathways. In complex with EPM2A/laforin and HSP70, suppresses the cellular toxicity of misfolded proteins by promoting their degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Ubiquitinates the glycogen-targeting protein phosphatase subunits PPP1R3C/PTG and PPP1R3D in a laforin- dependent manner and targets them for proteasome-dependent degradation, thus decreasing glycogen [...] (401 aa) |
| | Trim3 | Tripartite motif-containing protein 3; Probably involved in vesicular trafficking via its association with the CART complex. The CART complex is necessary for efficient transferrin receptor recycling but not for EGFR degradation (By similarity). Positively regulates motility of microtubule-dependent motor protein KIF21B. (744 aa) |
| | Triml1 | Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIML1; Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which plays an important role in blastocyst development. Involved in progression of blastocyst stage and subsequent embryo development. (470 aa) |
