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| | Fgf23 | Fibroblast growth factor 23; Regulator of phosphate homeostasis (By similarity). Inhibits renal tubular phosphate transport by reducing SLC34A1 levels (By similarity). Acts directly on the parathyroid to decrease PTH secretion (By similarity). Regulator of vitamin-D metabolism (By similarity). Negatively regulates osteoblasts differentiation and matrix mineralization (By similarity). Upregulates EGR1 expression in the presence of KL; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (251 aa) |
| | Ltbp1 | Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1; Key regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3) that controls TGF-beta activation by maintaining it in a latent state during storage in extracellular space. Associates specifically via disulfide bonds with the Latency-associated peptide (LAP), which is the regulatory chain of TGF-beta, and regulates integrin-dependent activation of TGF-beta. Outcompeted by LRRC32/GARP for binding to LAP regulatory chain of TGF-beta. (1712 aa) |
| | App | Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G [...] (695 aa) |
| | Rcn1 | Reticulocalbin-1; May regulate calcium-dependent activities in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen or post-ER compartment; Belongs to the CREC family. (325 aa) |
| | Csf1 | Processed macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1; Cytokine that plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. Promotes the release of proinflammatory chemokines, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. Plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone development. Required for normal male a [...] (552 aa) |
| | Igfbp4 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4; IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors. (254 aa) |
| | Hsp90b1 | Endoplasmin; Molecular chaperone that functions in the processing and transport of secreted proteins. When associated with CNPY3, required for proper folding of Toll-like receptors. Functions in endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) (By similarity). Has ATPase activity ; Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family. (802 aa) |
| | Stc2 | Stanniocalcin-2; Has an anti-hypocalcemic action on calcium and phosphate homeostasis; Belongs to the stanniocalcin family. (296 aa) |
| | Fstl3 | Follistatin-related protein 3; The secreted form is a binding and antagonizing protein for members of the TGF-beta family, such us activin, BMP2 and MSTN. Inhibits activin A-, activin B-, BMP2- and MSDT-induced cellular signaling; more effective on activin A than on activin B. Involved in bone formation; inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Involved in hematopoiesis; involved in differentiation of hemopoietic progenitor cells, increases hematopoietic cell adhesion to fibronectin and seems to contribute to the adhesion of hematopoietic precursor cells to the bone marrow stroma. The nucl [...] (256 aa) |
| | Igfbp3 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3; IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors. Also exhibits IGF-independent antiproliferative and apoptotic effects mediated by its receptor TMEM219/IGFBP-3R. (292 aa) |
| | Igfbp1 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1; IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors. Promotes cell migration (By similarity). (272 aa) |
| | Matn3 | Matrilin-3; Major component of the extracellular matrix of cartilage and may play a role in the formation of extracellular filamentous networks. (481 aa) |
| | Fam20a | Pseudokinase FAM20A; Pseudokinase that acts as an allosteric activator of the Golgi serine/threonine protein kinase FAM20C and is involved in biomineralization of teeth. Forms a complex with FAM20C and increases the ability of FAM20C to phosphorylate the proteins that form the 'matrix' that guides the deposition of the enamel minerals. (541 aa) |
| | Golm1 | Golgi membrane protein 1; Unknown. Cellular response protein to viral infection (By similarity). (393 aa) |
| | Dnajc3 | DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3; Involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Acts as a negative regulator of the EIF2AK4/GCN2 kinase activity by preventing the phosphorylation of eIF- 2-alpha at 'Ser-52' and hence attenuating general protein synthesis under ER stress, hypothermic and amino acid starving stress conditions. Co-chaperone of HSPA8/HSC70, it stimulates its ATPase activity. May inhibit both the autophosphorylation of EIF2AK2/PKR and the ability of EIF2AK2 to catalyze phosphorylation of the EIF2A. May inhibit EIF2AK3/PERK activi [...] (504 aa) |
| | Sdc2 | Syndecan-2; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Regulates dendritic arbor morphogenesis. (202 aa) |
| | Serpind1 | Heparin cofactor 2; Thrombin inhibitor activated by the glycosaminoglycans, heparin or dermatan sulfate. In the presence of the latter, HC-II becomes the predominant thrombin inhibitor in place of antithrombin III (AT). Also inhibits chymotrypsin, but in a glycosaminoglycan- independent manner; Belongs to the serpin family. (478 aa) |
| | Meltf | Melanotransferrin; Involved in iron cellular uptake. Seems to be internalized and then recycled back to the cell membrane. Binds a single atom of iron per subunit. Could also bind zinc; Belongs to the transferrin family. (738 aa) |
| | Ahsg | Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein; Probably involved in differentiation; Belongs to the fetuin family. (345 aa) |
| | Igfbp6 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6; IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors. (238 aa) |
| | Bmp15 | Bone morphogenetic protein 15; May be involved in follicular development. Oocyte-specific growth/differentiation factor that stimulates folliculogenesis and granulosa cell (GC) growth (By similarity); Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (392 aa) |
| | C3 | Complement C3c alpha' chain fragment 1; C3 plays a central role in the activation of the complement system. Its processing by C3 convertase is the central reaction in both classical and alternative complement pathways. After activation C3b can bind covalently, via its reactive thioester, to cell surface carbohydrates or immune aggregates. [C3-beta-c]: Acts as a chemoattractant for neutrophils in chronic inflammation. (1663 aa) |
| | Cdh2 | Cadherin-2; Calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein; preferentially mediates homotypic cell-cell adhesion by dimerization with a CDH2 chain from another cell. Cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Acts as a regulator of neural stem cells quiescence by mediating anchorage of neural stem cells to ependymocytes in the adult subependymal zone: upon cleavage by MMP24, CDH2-mediated anchorage is affected, leading to modulate neural stem cell quiescence. CDH2 may be involved in neuronal recognition mechanism. In hippocampal neurons, may regulate dendritic s [...] (906 aa) |
| | Tmem132a | Transmembrane protein 132A; May play a role in embryonic and postnatal development of the brain. Increased resistance to cell death induced by serum starvation in cultured cells. Regulates cAMP-induced GFAP gene expression via STAT3 phosphorylation (By similarity). (1018 aa) |
| | P4hb | Protein disulfide-isomerase; This multifunctional protein catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement of disulfide bonds. At the cell surface, seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attached to the cell. May therefore cause structural modifications of exofacial proteins. Inside the cell, seems to form/rearrange disulfide bonds of nascent proteins. At high concentrations, functions as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. At low concentrations, facilitates aggregation (anti-chaperone activity). May be involved with other chape [...] (509 aa) |
| | Il6 | Interleukin-6; Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasm [...] (211 aa) |
| | Fam20c | Extracellular serine/threonine protein kinase FAM20C; Golgi serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates secretory pathway proteins within Ser-x-Glu/pSer motifs and plays a key role in biomineralization of bones and teeth. Constitutes the main protein kinase for extracellular proteins, generating the majority of the extracellular phosphoproteome (By similarity). Mainly phosphorylates proteins within the Ser-x-Glu/pSer motif, but also displays a broader substrate specificity (By similarity). Phosphorylates casein as well as a number of proteins involved in biomineralization such [...] (579 aa) |
| | Igfbp5 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5; IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors. (271 aa) |
| | Spp2 | Secreted phosphoprotein 24; Could coordinate an aspect of bone turnover. (203 aa) |
| | Chgb | Secretogranin-1; Secretogranin-1 is a neuroendocrine secretory granule protein, which may be the precursor for other biologically active peptides. (677 aa) |
| | Cst3 | Cystatin-C; As an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, this protein is thought to serve an important physiological role as a local regulator of this enzyme activity; Belongs to the cystatin family. (140 aa) |
| | Bpifb2 | BPI fold-containing family B member 2. (462 aa) |
| | Ccn1 | CCN family member 1; Promotes cell proliferation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. Appears to play a role in wound healing by up- regulating, in skin fibroblasts, the expression of a number of genes involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and matrix remodeling including VEGA-A, VEGA-C, MMP1, MMP3, TIMP1, uPA, PAI-1 and integrins alpha-3 and alpha-5 (By similarity). CCN1-mediated gene regulation is dependent on heparin-binding (By similarity). Down-regulates the expression of alpha-1 and alpha-2 subunits of collagen type-1 (By similarity). Promotes cell adhesion and adhesive s [...] (379 aa) |
| | Mxra8 | Matrix remodeling-associated protein 8; Transmembrane protein which can modulate activity of various signaling pathways, probably via binding to integrin ITGAV:ITGB3. Mediates heterophilic cell-cell interactions in vitro. Inhibits osteoclastogenesis downstream of TNFSF11/RANKL and CSF1, where it may function by attenuating signaling via integrin ITGB3 and MAP kinase p38. Plays a role in cartilage formation where it promotes proliferation and maturation of growth plate chondrocytes. Stimulates formation of primary cilia in chondrocytes. Enhances expression of genes involved in the hedge [...] (442 aa) |
| | Enam | Enamelin; Involved in the mineralization and structural organization of enamel. Involved in the extension of enamel during the secretory stage of dental enamel formation. (1274 aa) |
| | Sparcl1 | SPARC-like protein 1; Belongs to the SPARC family. (650 aa) |
| | Alb | Serum albumin; Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc (By similarity). Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (B [...] (608 aa) |
| | Calu | Calumenin; Involved in regulation of vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of multiple N-terminal glutamate residues. Seems to inhibit gamma- carboxylase GGCX. Binds 7 calcium ions with a low affinity (By similarity). (315 aa) |
| | Mfge8 | Lactadherin; Contributes to phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells in many tissues. Specific ligand for the alpha-v/beta-3 and alpha-v/beta-5 receptors. Also binds to phosphatidylserine-enriched cell surfaces in a receptor-independent manner. Zona pellucida-binding protein which may play a role in gamete interaction (By similarity). Plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the promotion of mucosal healing. Promotes VEGF-dependent neovascularization. (463 aa) |
| | Gas6 | Growth arrest-specific protein 6; Ligand for tyrosine-protein kinase receptors AXL, TYRO3 and MER whose signaling is implicated in cell growth and survival, cell adhesion and cell migration. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. (674 aa) |
| | Apoa1 | Truncated apolipoprotein A-I; Participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). As part of the SPAP complex, activates spermatozoa motility; Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family. (264 aa) |
| | Scg3 | Secretogranin-3; Member of the granin protein family that regulates the biogenesis of secretory granules. Acts as a sorting receptor for intragranular proteins including chromogranin A/CHGA. May also play a role in angiogenesis. Promotes endothelial proliferation, migration and tube formation through MEK/ERK signaling pathway (By similarity). (471 aa) |
| | Trf | Serotransferrin; Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from sites of absorption and heme degradation to those of storage and utilization. Serum transferrin may also have a further role in stimulating cell proliferation. (697 aa) |
| | Qsox1 | Sulfhydryl oxidase 1; Catalyzes the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in peptide and protein thiols to disulfides with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Plays a role in disulfide bond formation in a variety of extracellular proteins. In fibroblasts, required for normal incorporation of laminin into the extracellular matrix, and thereby for normal cell-cell adhesion and cell migration. (748 aa) |
| | Apob | Apolipoprotein B-100; Apolipoprotein B is a major protein constituent of chylomicrons (apo B-48), LDL (apo B-100) and VLDL (apo B-100). Apo B- 100 functions as a recognition signal for the cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles by the apoB/E receptor. (4505 aa) |
| | Eva1a | Protein eva-1 homolog A; Acts as a regulator of programmed cell death, mediating both autophagy and apoptosis; Belongs to the EVA1 family. (156 aa) |
| | Vwa1 | Von Willebrand factor A domain-containing protein 1; Promotes matrix assembly. (415 aa) |
| | Afp | Alpha-fetoprotein; Binds estrogens, fatty acids and metals. (605 aa) |
| | Prss23 | Serine protease 23. (382 aa) |
| | Itih2 | Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2; May act as a carrier of hyaluronan in serum or as a binding protein between hyaluronan and other matrix protein, including those on cell surfaces in tissues to regulate the localization, synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan which are essential to cells undergoing biological processes; Belongs to the ITIH family. (950 aa) |
| | Igfbp2 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2; Inhibits IGF-mediated growth and developmental rates (By similarity). IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors. (305 aa) |
| | Wfs1 | Wolframin; Participates in the regulation of cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, at least partly, by modulating the filling state of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) store. (890 aa) |
| | Serpina10 | Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor; Inhibits activity of the coagulation protease factor Xa in the presence of PROZ, calcium and phospholipids. Also inhibits factor XIa in the absence of cofactors (By similarity). (448 aa) |
| | Ckap4 | Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4; High-affinity epithelial cell surface receptor for APF. (575 aa) |
| | Apol7c | Apolipoprotein L 7c. (369 aa) |
| | Pdia6 | Protein disulfide-isomerase A6; May function as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. Negatively regulates the unfolded protein response (UPR) through binding to UPR sensors such as ERN1, which in turn inactivates ERN1 signaling (By similarity). May also regulate the UPR via the EIF2AK3 UPR sensor (By similarity). Plays a role in platelet aggregation and activation by agonists such as convulxin, collagen and thrombin (By similarity). Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family. (445 aa) |
| | Fn1 | Fibronectin; Fibronectins bind cell surfaces and various compounds including collagen, fibrin, heparin, DNA, and actin. Fibronectins are involved in cell adhesion, cell motility, opsonization, wound healing, and maintenance of cell shape healing, and maintenance of cell shape. Involved in osteoblast compaction through the fibronectin fibrillogenesis cell-mediated matrix assembly process, essential for osteoblast mineralization. Participates in the regulation of type I collagen deposition by osteoblasts. (2477 aa) |
| | Pcsk9 | Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9; Crucial player in the regulation of plasma cholesterol homeostasis. Binds to low-density lipid receptor family members: low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), apolipoprotein E receptor (LRP1/APOER) and apolipoprotein receptor 2 (LRP8/APOER2), and promotes their degradation in intracellular acidic compartments. Acts via a non-proteolytic mechanism to enhance the degradation of the hepatic LDLR through a clathrin LDLRAP1/ARH-mediated pathway. May prevent the recycling of LDLR from endosomes to [...] (694 aa) |
| | Apol10a | Apolipoprotein L 10A. (318 aa) |
| | Scg2 | Secretogranin-2; Neuroendocrine protein of the granin family that regulates the biogenesis of secretory granules. (617 aa) |
| | Adam10 | Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10; Cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TNF-alpha to its mature soluble form. Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface (By similarity). Responsible for the proteolytic release of several other cell-surface proteins, including heparin-binding epidermal growth-like factor, ephrin-A2, CD44, CDH2 and for constitutive and regulated alpha- secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) at '687-Lys-|- Leu-688' (By similarity). Contributes to the normal cleavage of the cellula [...] (749 aa) |
| | Gpc3 | Glypican-3 alpha subunit; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate (By similarity). Negatively regulates the hedgehog signaling pathway when attached via the GPI-anchor to the cell surface by competing with the hedgehog receptor PTC1 for binding to hedgehog proteins. Binding to the hedgehog protein SHH triggers internalization of the complex by endocytosis and its subsequent lysosomal degradation. Positively regulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by binding to the Wnt receptor Frizzled and stimulating the binding of the Frizzled receptor to Wnt ligands (By similarity [...] (579 aa) |
| | Apol8 | Apolipoprotein L 8. (339 aa) |
| | Mepe | Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein; Regulates renal phosphate and uric acid excretion. Regulates bone mineralization by osteoblasts and cartilage mineralization by chondrocytes. Regulates the mineralization of the extracellular matrix of the craniofacial complex, such as teeth, bone and cartilage. Increases dental pulp stem cell proliferation (By similarity). Belongs to the PF07175/osteoregulin family. (441 aa) |
| | Amelx | Amelogenin, X isoform; Plays a role in the biomineralization of teeth. Seems to regulate the formation of crystallites during the secretory stage of tooth enamel development. Thought to play a major role in the structural organization and mineralization of developing enamel. (219 aa) |
| | Penk | Met-enkephalin-Arg-Ser-Leu; Met- and Leu-enkephalins compete with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress. PENK(114-133) and PENK(238-259) increase glutamate release in the striatum. PENK(114-133) decreases GABA concentration in the striatum. (268 aa) |
| | Dmp1 | Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1; May have a dual function during osteoblast differentiation. In the nucleus of undifferentiated osteoblasts, unphosphorylated form acts as a transcriptional component for activation of osteoblast- specific genes like osteocalcin. During the osteoblast to osteocyte transition phase it is phosphorylated and exported into the extracellular matrix, where it regulates nucleation of hydroxyapatite (By similarity). (503 aa) |
| | Tgoln1 | Trans-Golgi network integral membrane protein 1; May be involved in regulating membrane traffic to and from trans-Golgi network. (353 aa) |
| | Serpinc1 | Antithrombin-III; Most important serine protease inhibitor in plasma that regulates the blood coagulation cascade. AT-III inhibits thrombin, matriptase-3/TMPRSS7, as well as factors IXa, Xa and XIa. Its inhibitory activity is greatly enhanced in the presence of heparin (By similarity). (465 aa) |
| | C4b | Complement C4 alpha chain; Non-enzymatic component of C3 and C5 convertases and thus essential for the propagation of the classical complement pathway. Covalently binds to immunoglobulins and immune complexes and enhances the solubilization of immune aggregates and the clearance of IC through CR1 on erythrocytes. Catalyzes the transacylation of the thioester carbonyl group to form ester bonds with carbohydrate antigens (By similarity). (1738 aa) |
| | Aplp2 | Amyloid-like protein 2; May play a role in the regulation of hemostasis. The soluble form may have inhibitory properties towards coagulation factors. May interact with cellular G-protein signaling pathways. May bind to the DNA 5'-GTCACATG-3'(CDEI box). Inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, factor XIA and plasma and glandular kallikrein (By similarity). Modulates the Cu/Zn nitric oxide-catalyzed autodegradation of GPC1 heparan sulfate side chains in fibroblasts. (751 aa) |
| | Amtn | Amelotin; Is a promoter of calcium phosphate mineralization, playing a critical role in the formation of the compact, mineralized, aprismatic enamel surface layer during the maturation stage of amelogenesis. Belongs to the amelotin family. (213 aa) |
| | Serpina1c | Alpha-1-antitrypsin 1-3; Inhibitor of serine proteases. Can inhibit trypsin and chymotrypsin; relatively ineffective against elastase. Belongs to the serpin family. (413 aa) |
| | Bmp4 | Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction. (408 aa) |
| | Apol9a | Apolipoprotein L 9a. (310 aa) |
| | Pappa | Pappalysin-1; Metalloproteinase which specifically cleaves IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5, resulting in release of bound IGF. Cleavage of IGFBP-4 is dramatically enhanced by the presence of IGF, whereas cleavage of IGFBP-5 is slightly inhibited by the presence of IGF. Isoform 2 cleaves IGFBP-4 very slowly compared to PAPP-A, but its ability to cleave IGFBP-5 is unaffected. (1624 aa) |
| | Hrc | Histidine-rich calcium-binding protein. (738 aa) |
| | F5 | Coagulation factor V heavy chain; Central regulator of hemostasis. It serves as a critical cofactor for the prothrombinase activity of factor Xa that results in the activation of prothrombin to thrombin; Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family. (2183 aa) |
| | Spp1 | Osteopontin; Binds tightly to hydroxyapatite. Appears to form an integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction; Belongs to the osteopontin family. (295 aa) |
| | Lgals1 | Galectin-1; Lectin that binds beta-galactoside and a wide array of complex carbohydrates. Plays a role in regulating apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Inhibits CD45 protein phosphatase activity and therefore the dephosphorylation of Lyn kinase. Strong inducer of T-cell apoptosis. (135 aa) |
| | Apol10b | Apolipoprotein L 10B. (334 aa) |
| | Apol7b | Apolipoprotein L 7b. (369 aa) |
| | Ano8 | Anoctamin-8; Does not exhibit calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) activity. (1060 aa) |
| | Apol7e | Apolipoprotein L 7e. (369 aa) |
| | Mbtps1 | Membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease; Serine protease that catalyzes the first step in the proteolytic activation of the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). Other known substrates are BDNF, GNPTAB and ATF6. Cleaves after hydrophobic or small residues, provided that Arg or Lys is in position P4. Cleaves known substrates after Arg-Ser-Val-Leu (SERBP-2), Arg-His-Leu-Leu (ATF6), Arg-Gly-Leu-Thr (BDNF) and its own propeptide after Arg-Arg-Leu-Leu. Mediates the protein cleavage of GNPTAB into subunit alpha and beta, thereby participating in biogenesis of lysos [...] (1052 aa) |
| | Kng2 | HMW kininogen-II. (644 aa) |
| | Fbn1 | Fibrillin-1; [Fibrillin-1]: Structural component of the 10-12 nm diameter microfibrils of the extracellular matrix, which conveys both structural and regulatory properties to load-bearing connective tissues. Fibrillin-1-containing microfibrils provide long-term force bearing structural support. In tissues such as the lung, blood vessels and skin, microfibrils form the periphery of the elastic fiber, acting as a scaffold for the deposition of elastin. In addition, microfibrils can occur as elastin-independent networks in tissues such as the ciliary zonule, tendon, cornea and glomerulus [...] (2873 aa) |
| | Igf1 | Insulin-like growth factor I; The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation (By similarity). Ca(2 [...] (159 aa) |
| | Notum | Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM; Carboxylesterase that acts as a key negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by specifically mediating depalmitoleoylation of WNT proteins. Serine palmitoleoylation of WNT proteins is required for efficient binding to frizzled receptors. (503 aa) |
| | Tnc | Tenascin; Extracellular matrix protein implicated in guidance of migrating neurons as well as axons during development, synaptic plasticity as well as neuronal regeneration. Promotes neurite outgrowth when provided to neurons in culture. May play a role in supporting the growth of epithelial tumors. Ligand for integrins ITGA8:ITGB1, ITGA9:ITGB1, ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGAV:ITGB6. In tumors, stimulates angiogenesis by elongation, migration and sprouting of endothelial cells (By similarity); Belongs to the tenascin family. (2019 aa) |
| | Cp | Ceruloplasmin; Ceruloplasmin is a blue, copper-binding (6-7 atoms per molecule) glycoprotein. It has ferroxidase activity oxidizing Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) without releasing radical oxygen species. It is involved in iron transport across the cell membrane. Provides Cu(2+) ions for the ascorbate-mediated deaminase degradation of the heparan sulfate chains of GPC1. May also play a role in fetal lung development or pulmonary antioxidant defense (By similarity). (1085 aa) |
| | Vcan | Versican core protein; May play a role in intercellular signaling and in connecting cells with the extracellular matrix. May take part in the regulation of cell motility, growth and differentiation. Binds hyaluronic acid. (3354 aa) |
| | Apol9b | Apolipoprotein L 9b. (310 aa) |
| | Apoa2 | Proapolipoprotein A-II; May stabilize HDL (high density lipoprotein) structure by its association with lipids, and affect the HDL metabolism; Belongs to the apolipoprotein A2 family. (102 aa) |
| | Shisa5 | Protein shisa-5; Can induce apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner and plays a role in p53/TP53-dependent apoptosis. (236 aa) |
| | Chrdl1 | Chordin-like protein 1; Seems to antagonize the function of BMP4 by binding to it and preventing its interaction with receptors. Alters the fate commitment of neural stem cells from gliogenesis to neurogenesis. Contributes to neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells in the brain by preventing the adoption of a glial fate. May play a crucial role in dorsoventral axis formation (By similarity). Antagonizes the function of BMP7 and may thus play an important role in the embryonic bone formation. Shows no inhibitory effect on the inducing activity of BMP2. Plays a role during anterior [...] (447 aa) |
| | Men1 | Menin; Essential component of a MLL/SET1 histone methyltransferase (HMT) complex, a complex that specifically methylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4). Functions as a transcriptional regulator. Binds to the TERT promoter and represses telomerase expression. Plays a role in TGFB1-mediated inhibition of cell-proliferation, possibly regulating SMAD3 transcriptional activity. Represses JUND-mediated transcriptional activation on AP1 sites, as well as that mediated by NFKB subunit RELA. Positively regulates HOXC8 and HOXC6 gene expression (By similarity). May be involved in normal hematopoie [...] (617 aa) |
| | Fstl1 | Follistatin-related protein 1; May modulate the action of some growth factors on cell proliferation and differentiation. Binds heparin (By similarity). (306 aa) |
| | Prkcsh | Glucosidase 2 subunit beta; Regulatory subunit of glucosidase II that cleaves sequentially the 2 innermost alpha-1,3-linked glucose residues from the Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide precursor of immature glycoproteins. Required for efficient PKD1/Polycystin-1 biogenesis and trafficking to the plasma membrane of the primary cilia. (528 aa) |
| | Timp1 | Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1; Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16. Does not act on MMP14 (By similarity). Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1. Plays a role in integrin signaling; Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 [...] (205 aa) |
| | Apoa5 | Apolipoprotein A-V; Minor apolipoprotein mainly associated with HDL and to a lesser extent with VLDL. May also be associated with chylomicrons. Important determinant of plasma triglyceride (TG) levels by both being a potent stimulator of apo-CII lipoprotein lipase (LPL) TG hydrolysis and an inhibitor of the hepatic VLDL-TG production rate (without affecting the VLDL-apoB production rate). Activates poorly lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and does not enhance efflux of cholesterol from macrophages (By similarity). Binds heparin (By similarity). (368 aa) |
| | Fuca2 | Plasma alpha-L-fucosidase; Alpha-L-fucosidase is responsible for hydrolyzing the alpha- 1,6-linked fucose joined to the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine of the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 29 family. (461 aa) |
| | Igf2 | Insulin-like growth factor II; The insulin-like growth factors possess growth-promoting activity (Probable). Major fetal growth hormone in mammals. Plays a key role in regulating fetoplacental development (Probable). IGF-II is influenced by placental lactogen (Probable). Also involved in tissue differentiation (Probable). Positively regulates myogenic transcription factor MYOD1 function by facilitating the recruitment of transcriptional coactivators, thereby controlling muscle terminal differentiation. In adults, involved in glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liv [...] (191 aa) |
| | Mgat4a | Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase A soluble form; Glycosyltransferase that participates in the transfer of N- acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the core mannose residues of N-linked glycans. Catalyzes the formation of the GlcNAcbeta1-4 branch on the GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-3 arm of the core structure of N-linked glycans. Essential for the production of tri- and tetra-antennary N-linked sugar chains. Involved in glucose transport by mediating SLC2A2/GLUT2 glycosylation, thereby controlling cell-surface expression of SLC2A2 in pancreatic beta cells. (535 aa) |
| | Pappa2 | Pappalysin 2. (1789 aa) |
| | Pnpla2 | Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2; Catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocyte and non-adipocyte lipid droplets. Also has acylglycerol transacylase activity. May act coordinately with LIPE/HLS within the lipolytic cascade. Regulates adiposome size and may be involved in the degradation of adiposomes. May play an important role in energy homeostasis. May play a role in the response of the organism to starvation, enhancing hydrolysis of triglycerides and providing free fatty acids to other tissues to be oxidized in situations of energy depletion. (486 aa) |
| | Igfbp7 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7; Binds IGF-I and IGF-II with a relatively low affinity Stimulates prostacyclin (PGI2) production. Stimulates cell adhesion (By similarity). (313 aa) |
| | Megf11 | Multiple epidermal growth factor-like domains protein 11; May regulate the mosaic spacing of specific neuron subtypes in the retina through homotypic retinal neuron repulsion. Mosaics provide a mechanism to distribute each cell type evenly across the retina, ensuring that all parts of the visual field have access to a full set of processing elements; Belongs to the MEGF family. (1095 aa) |
| | Apol11a | Apolipoprotein L 11a. (334 aa) |
| | Fga | Fibrinogen alpha chain; Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen beta (FGB) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots. In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization. Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it i [...] (789 aa) |
| | Apoe | Apolipoprotein E; APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their production, conversion and clearance. Apoliproteins are amphipathic molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density [...] (311 aa) |
| | Apol7a | Apolipoprotein L 7a. (418 aa) |
| | Apol11b | Apolipoprotein L 11b. (337 aa) |
| | Ktn1 | Kinectin; Receptor for kinesin thus involved in kinesin-driven vesicle motility. Accumulates in integrin-based adhesion complexes (IAC) upon integrin aggregation by fibronectin (By similarity). (1327 aa) |
| | Vgf | Neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-1; [Neurosecretory protein VGF]: Secreted polyprotein that is packaged and proteolytically processed by prohormone convertases PCSK1 and PCSK2 in a cell-type-specific manner (By similarity). VGF and peptides derived from its processing play many roles in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity associated with learning, memory, depression and chronic pain. [Neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-1]: Plays a role in the control of body fluid homeostasis by regulating vasopressin release. Activates GABAergic interneurons which are inhibitory neurons of the nervous sy [...] (617 aa) |
| | Mia3 | Transport and Golgi organization protein 1 homolog; Plays a role in the transport of cargos that are too large to fit into COPII-coated vesicles and require specific mechanisms to be incorporated into membrane-bound carriers and exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. This protein is required for collagen VII (COL7A1) secretion by loading COL7A1 into transport carriers. It may participate in cargo loading of COL7A1 at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites by binding to COPII coat subunits Sec23/24 and guiding SH3-bound COL7A1 into a growing carrier. Does not play a role in global protein s [...] (1008 aa) |
| | Fgg | Fibrinogen gamma chain; Together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen beta (FGB), polymerizes to form an insoluble fibrin matrix (By similarity). Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots (By similarity). In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization (By similarity). Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not abs [...] (443 aa) |
| | Ambn | Ameloblastin; Involved in the mineralization and structural organization of enamel. (422 aa) |
| | Nucb1 | Nucleobindin-1; Major calcium-binding protein of the Golgi which may have a role in calcium homeostasis (By similarity). Acts as a non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor which binds to and activates alpha subunits of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) (By similarity). (459 aa) |
| | Proc | Vitamin K-dependent protein C heavy chain; Protein C is a vitamin K-dependent serine protease that regulates blood coagulation by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa in the presence of calcium ions and phospholipids. Exerts a protective effect on the endothelial cell barrier function. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (460 aa) |
| | Msln | Megakaryocyte-potentiating factor; Membrane-anchored forms may play a role in cellular adhesion. Belongs to the mesothelin family. (625 aa) |
