STRINGSTRING
Tmx3 Tmx3 Gnai3 Gnai3 Apoh Apoh Gna12 Gna12 Raf1 Raf1 Pdgfb Pdgfb Col1a1 Col1a1 Akt1 Akt1 Tgfb1 Tgfb1 Tgfb3 Tgfb3 Ptpn6 Ptpn6 Brpf3 Brpf3 Mapk14 Mapk14 Wdr1 Wdr1 App App Vav1 Vav1 Orm3 Orm3 Itih3 Itih3 Rhoa Rhoa Rarres2 Rarres2 Apbb1ip Apbb1ip Plg Plg Crk Crk Sparc Sparc Calm3 Calm3 Timp3 Timp3 Gna13 Gna13 Itgb3 Itgb3 Grb2 Grb2 Pik3r5 Pik3r5 Prkch Prkch Actn1 Actn1 Gng4 Gng4 Habp4 Habp4 Trpc7 Trpc7 F2rl2 F2rl2 Vcl Vcl Clu Clu Ywhaz Ywhaz Ahsg Ahsg Hrg Hrg Pros1 Pros1 Sod1 Sod1 Serping1 Serping1 Gnb3 Gnb3 Gtpbp2 Gtpbp2 Pcyox1l Pcyox1l Gnaq Gnaq Gna14 Gna14 Ctsw Ctsw Vegfb Vegfb Maged2 Maged2 Dgka Dgka Apool Apool Clec3b Clec3b Dgkd Dgkd Spp2 Spp2 Cyb5r1 Cyb5r1 Prkcq Prkcq Ola1 Ola1 F2 F2 Ptpn1 Ptpn1 Pik3ca Pik3ca Anxa5 Anxa5 Trpc3 Trpc3 P2ry1 P2ry1 Egf Egf Orm1 Orm1 Tln1 Tln1 Pdpn Pdpn Pik3r3 Pik3r3 Gnat3 Gnat3 Alb Alb Ppbp Ppbp Pf4 Pf4 Col1a2 Col1a2 Gng11 Gng11 Gngt1 Gngt1 Gnb2 Gnb2 Gp9 Gp9 Itpr1 Itpr1 A2m A2m Clec1b Clec1b Cd9 Cd9 Lat Lat Stx4a Stx4a F8 F8 Sytl4 Sytl4 Vegfd Vegfd Gas6 Gas6 Vegfc Vegfc Pik3r2 Pik3r2 Apoa1 Apoa1 Scg3 Scg3 Csk Csk Pik3cb Pik3cb Trf Trf Lgals3bp Lgals3bp Qsox1 Qsox1 Adra2a Adra2a Vav3 Vav3 Rac2 Rac2 Fermt3 Fermt3 Dgkb Dgkb Itpr3 Itpr3 Lyn Lyn Fgb Fgb Serpine1 Serpine1 Sccpdh Sccpdh Lefty1 Lefty1 Abcc4 Abcc4 Gng10 Gng10 Daglb Daglb Gna11 Gna11 Thbs1 Thbs1 Islr Islr Dagla Dagla Ly6g6f Ly6g6f Gng12 Gng12 Gngt2 Gngt2 F13a1 F13a1 Serpinf2 Serpinf2 Gna15 Gna15 Itpr2 Itpr2 Mapk3 Mapk3 Gp5 Gp5 Pik3r6 Pik3r6 Abhd12 Abhd12 F2rl3 F2rl3 Fn1 Fn1 Cdc42 Cdc42 Lcp2 Lcp2 Pik3r1 Pik3r1 Cfd Cfd Vti1b Vti1b Gnai2 Gnai2 Gp1ba Gp1ba Dgkq Dgkq Trpc6 Trpc6 Ptpn11 Ptpn11 Gp1bb Gp1bb Adra2c Adra2c Cdc37l1 Cdc37l1 F2r F2r Lhfpl2 Lhfpl2 Prkca Prkca Vav2 Vav2 Pik3cg Pik3cg Mapk1 Mapk1 Actn4 Actn4 Rap1b Rap1b Fam49b Fam49b Rhob Rhob Actn2 Actn2 Sos1 Sos1 Prkcb Prkcb Pla2g4a Pla2g4a Nhlrc2 Nhlrc2 Actg1 Actg1 Adra2b Adra2b Aplp2 Aplp2 Serpina1c Serpina1c Gnai1 Gnai1 Lamp2 Lamp2 Orm2 Orm2 Pdgfa Pdgfa Gng8 Gng8 Fcer1g Fcer1g Plcg2 Plcg2 Tor4a Tor4a Lefty2 Lefty2 F5 F5 Aldoa Aldoa Dgkg Dgkg Rap1a Rap1a Rapgef4 Rapgef4 Src Src Cd109 Cd109 Shc1 Shc1 Gng3 Gng3 A1bg A1bg Prkce Prkce Arrb1 Arrb1 Gng7 Gng7 Fyn Fyn Kng2 Kng2 Prkcg Prkcg Rac1 Rac1 Dgki Dgki Itga2b Itga2b Rasgrp1 Rasgrp1 Stxbp3 Stxbp3 Plek Plek Pdpk1 Pdpk1 Igf1 Igf1 Pecam1 Pecam1 Rhog Rhog Dgke Dgke Arrb2 Arrb2 Serpina3i Serpina3i Ptk2 Ptk2 Tagln2 Tagln2 Dgkz Dgkz Tmsb4x Tmsb4x Prkcd Prkcd Vwf Vwf Rasgrp2 Rasgrp2 Flna Flna Timp1 Timp1 Ecm1 Ecm1 Itih4 Itih4 Syk Syk Gng5 Gng5 Igf2 Igf2 Rab27b Rab27b Vegfa Vegfa Rapgef3 Rapgef3 Mmrn1 Mmrn1 Gnb4 Gnb4 Selp Selp Selenop Selenop Manf Manf Stxbp2 Stxbp2 Srgn Srgn Gng2 Gng2 Lck Lck Mgll Mgll Fam3c Fam3c Endod1 Endod1 Abhd6 Abhd6 Bcar1 Bcar1 Gnb1 Gnb1 Chid1 Chid1 Gng13 Gng13 Tex264 Tex264 Cd36 Cd36 Fga Fga Mpig6b Mpig6b Aamp Aamp Psap Psap Tuba4a Tuba4a Fgg Fgg Tgfb2 Tgfb2 Pcdh7 Pcdh7 P2ry12 P2ry12 Hgf Hgf Gp6 Gp6 Gnb5 Gnb5 Cd63 Cd63 Tbxa2r Tbxa2r
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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Tmx3Protein disulfide-isomerase TMX3; Probable disulfide isomerase, which participates in the folding of proteins containing disulfide bonds. May act as a dithiol oxidase (By similarity). (456 aa)
Gnai3Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha; Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signaling cascades. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Signaling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding. The alpha subunit has a low GTPase activity that converts bound GTP to GDP, thereby terminating the signal. Both GDP release and GTP hydrolysis are modul [...] (354 aa)
ApohBeta-2-glycoprotein 1; Binds to various kinds of negatively charged substances such as heparin, phospholipids, and dextran sulfate. May prevent activation of the intrinsic blood coagulation cascade by binding to phospholipids on the surface of damaged cells. (345 aa)
Gna12Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF12/LARG) (By similarity). GNA12-dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP-1 (activating protein-1). GNA12-dependent Rho signaling also regulates protein phosphatese 2A activation causing dephosphorylation of its target proteins (By similarity). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activatin [...] (379 aa)
Raf1RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a regulatory link between the membrane-associated Ras GTPases and the MAPK/ERK cascade, and this critical regulatory link functions as a switch determining cell fate decisions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, survival and oncogenic transformation. RAF1 activation initiates a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that comprises a sequential phosphorylation of the dual-specific MAPK kinases (MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2) and the extracellular signal- regulated kin [...] (648 aa)
PdgfbPlatelet-derived growth factor subunit B; Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin. Required for normal proliferation and recruitment of pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in the central nervous system, skin, lung, heart and placenta. Required for normal blood vessel development, and for normal development of kidney glomeruli. Plays an important role in wound healing. Signaling is modulated by the formation of heterodimers wit [...] (241 aa)
Col1a1Collagen alpha-1(I) chain; Type I collagen is a member of group I collagen (fibrillar forming collagen); Belongs to the fibrillar collagen family. (1453 aa)
Akt1RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the [...] (480 aa)
Tgfb1Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration. Activation into mature form follows different [...] (390 aa)
Tgfb3Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-beta-3) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-3, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-3: Multifunctional protein that regulates embryogenesis and cell differentiation and is required in various processes such as secondary palate development. Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-a [...] (412 aa)
Ptpn6Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6; Modulates signaling by tyrosine phosphorylated cell surface receptors such as KIT and the EGF receptor/EGFR. The SH2 regions may interact with other cellular components to modulate its own phosphatase activity against interacting substrates. Together with MTUS1, induces UBE2V2 expression upon angiotensin II stimulation. Plays a key role in hematopoiesis; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class 2 subfamily. (597 aa)
Brpf3Bromodomain and PHD finger-containing, 3. (1204 aa)
Mapk14Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are a [...] (360 aa)
Wdr1WD repeat-containing protein 1; Induces disassembly of actin filaments in conjunction with ADF/cofilin family proteins (By similarity). Enhances cofilin-mediated actin severing. Involved in cytokinesis. Involved in chemotactic cell migration by restricting lamellipodial membrane protrusions (By similarity). Involved in myocardium sarcomere organization. Required for cardiomyocyte growth at the postnatal and maintenance at the adult stage. Involved in neutrophil actin dynamics and migration. Involved in megakaryocyte maturation and platelet shedding. Required for the establishment of pl [...] (606 aa)
AppGamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G [...] (695 aa)
Vav1Proto-oncogene vav; Couples tyrosine kinase signals with the activation of the Rho/Rac GTPases, thus leading to cell differentiation and/or proliferation. (845 aa)
Orm3Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 3; Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain (By similarity). Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction. (206 aa)
Itih3Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3; May act as a carrier of hyaluronan in serum or as a binding protein between hyaluronan and other matrix protein, including those on cell surfaces in tissues to regulate the localization, synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan which are essential to cells undergoing biological processes. (889 aa)
RhoaTransforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis (By similarity). [...] (193 aa)
Rarres2Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2; Adipocyte-secreted protein (adipokine) that regulates adipogenesis, metabolism and inflammation through activation of the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). Its other ligands include G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2). Positively regulates adipocyte differentiation, modulates the expression of adipocyte genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and might play a role in angiogenesis, a process essential for the expansion of white adipose tissue. Also acts as a proinflammatory adipokine, causing an i [...] (163 aa)
Apbb1ipAmyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1-interacting protein; Appears to function in the signal transduction from Ras activation to actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Suppresses insulin-induced promoter activities through AP1 and SRE. Mediates Rap1-induced adhesion (By similarity). (670 aa)
PlgPlasmin heavy chain A, short form; Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In ovulation, weakens the walls of the Graafian follicle. It activates the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, collagenases and several complement zymogens, such as C1 and C5. Cleavage of fibronectin and laminin leads to cell detachment and apoptosis. Also cleaves fibrin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor. Its role in tissue remodeling and tumor invas [...] (812 aa)
CrkAdapter molecule crk; [Isoform Crk-II]: Regulates cell adhesion, spreading and migration. Mediates attachment-induced MAPK8 activation, membrane ruffling and cell motility in a Rac-dependent manner. Involved in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility via its interaction with DOCK1 and DOCK4. May regulate the EFNA5-EPHA3 signaling. (304 aa)
SparcSPARC; Appears to regulate cell growth through interactions with the extracellular matrix and cytokines. Binds calcium and copper, several types of collagen, albumin, thrombospondin, PDGF and cell membranes. There are two calcium binding sites; an acidic domain that binds 5 to 8 Ca(2+) with a low affinity and an EF-hand loop that binds a Ca(2+) ion with a high affinity; Belongs to the SPARC family. (302 aa)
Calm3Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Mediates calcium- dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium- activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. (149 aa)
Timp3Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3; Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. May form part of a tissue-specific acute response to remodeling stimuli. (211 aa)
Gna13Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF1/p115RhoGEF, ARHGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF and ARHGEF12/LARG). GNA13- dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP- 1 (activating protein-1). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activating Rho/ROCK signaling pathway (By similarity). Inhibits CDH1-mediated cell adhesion in process independent from Rho [...] (377 aa)
Itgb3Integrin beta-3; Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIB/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIB/beta-3 and alpha- V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Integrin alpha-IIB/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A- G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following ac [...] (787 aa)
Grb2Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; Adapter protein that provides a critical link between cell surface growth factor receptors and the Ras signaling pathway; Belongs to the GRB2/sem-5/DRK family. (217 aa)
Pik3r5Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5; Regulatory subunit of the PI3K gamma complex. Required for recruitment of the catalytic subunit to the plasma membrane via interaction with beta-gamma G protein dimers. Required for G protein- mediated activation of PIK3CG (By similarity). (871 aa)
PrkchProtein kinase C eta type; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation in keratinocytes and pre-B cell receptor, mediates regulation of epithelial tight junction integrity and foam cell formation, and is required for glioblastoma proliferation and apoptosis prevention in MCF-7 cells. In keratinocytes, binds and activates the tyrosine kinase FYN, which in turn blocks epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and leads to keratinocyte growth arrest and differentia [...] (683 aa)
Actn1Alpha-actinin-1; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein (By similarity). (892 aa)
Gng4Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (75 aa)
Habp4Intracellular hyaluronan-binding protein 4; RNA-binding protein that plays a role in the regulation of transcription, pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA translation. Negatively regulates DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor MEF2C in myocardial cells in response to mechanical stress. Plays a role in pre- mRNA splicing regulation. Binds (via C-terminus) to poly(U) RNA. Involved in mRNA translation regulation, probably at the initiation step. Seems to play a role in PML-nuclear bodies formation (By similarity). (412 aa)
Trpc7Short transient receptor potential channel 7; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Activated by diacylglycerol (DAG). May also be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion; Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. STrpC subfamily. TRPC7 sub-subfamily. (862 aa)
F2rl2Proteinase-activated receptor 3; High affinity receptor for activated thrombin coupled to G proteins that stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. May play a role in platelets activation; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (369 aa)
VclVinculin; Actin filament (F-actin)-binding protein involved in cell- matrix adhesion and cell-cell adhesion. Regulates cell-surface E- cadherin expression and potentiates mechanosensing by the E-cadherin complex. May also play important roles in cell morphology and locomotion (By similarity); Belongs to the vinculin/alpha-catenin family. (1066 aa)
CluClusterin alpha chain; Functions as extracellular chaperone that prevents aggregation of non native proteins. Prevents stress-induced aggregation of blood plasma proteins (By similarity). Inhibits formation of amyloid fibrils by APP, APOC2, B2M, CALCA, CSN3, SNCA and aggregation-prone LYZ variants (in vitro). Does not require ATP. Maintains partially unfolded proteins in a state appropriate for subsequent refolding by other chaperones, such as HSPA8/HSC70. Does not refold proteins by itself. Binding to cell surface receptors triggers internalization of the chaperone-client complex and [...] (448 aa)
Ywhaz14-3-3 protein zeta/delta; Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Induces ARHGEF7 activity on RAC1 as well as lamellipodia and membrane ruffle formation (By similarity). In neurons, regulates spine maturation through the modulation of ARHGEF7 activity (By similarity). (245 aa)
AhsgAlpha-2-HS-glycoprotein; Probably involved in differentiation; Belongs to the fetuin family. (345 aa)
HrgHistidine-rich glycoprotein; Plasma glycoprotein that binds a number of ligands such as heme, heparin, heparan sulfate, thrombospondin, plasminogen, and divalent metal ions. Binds heparin and heparin/glycosaminoglycans in a zinc-dependent manner. Binds heparan sulfate on the surface of liver, lung, kidney and heart endothelial cells. Binds to N-sulfated polysaccharide chains on the surface of liver endothelial cells. Inhibits rosette formation. Acts as an adapter protein and is implicated in regulating many processes such as immune complex and pathogen clearance, cell chemotaxis, cell [...] (536 aa)
Pros1Vitamin K-dependent protein S; Anticoagulant plasma protein; it is a cofactor to activated protein C in the degradation of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa. It helps to prevent coagulation and stimulating fibrinolysis. (675 aa)
Sod1Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems; Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family. (154 aa)
Serping1Plasma protease C1 inhibitor; Activation of the C1 complex is under control of the C1- inhibitor. It forms a proteolytically inactive stoichiometric complex with the C1r or C1s proteases. May play a potentially crucial role in regulating important physiological pathways including complement activation, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and the generation of kinins. Very efficient inhibitor of FXIIa. May inhibit chymotrypsin and kallikrein. (504 aa)
Gnb3Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa)
Gtpbp2GTP-binding protein 2. (602 aa)
Pcyox1lPrenylcysteine oxidase-like; Probable oxidoreductase. (495 aa)
GnaqGuanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Regulates B-cell selection and survival and is required to prevent B-cell-dependent autoimmunity. Regulates chemotaxis of BM- derived neutrophils and dendritic cells (in vitro). Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(q) subfamily. (359 aa)
Gna14Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-14; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems; Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(q) subfamily. (355 aa)
CtswCathepsin W; May have a specific function in the mechanism or regulation of T-cell cytolytic activity; Belongs to the peptidase C1 family. (371 aa)
VegfbVascular endothelial growth factor B; Growth factor for endothelial cells. VEGF-B167 binds heparin and neuropilin-1 whereas the binding to neuropilin-1 of VEGF-B186 is regulated by proteolysis. VEGF-B seems to be required for normal heart function in adult but is not required for proper development of the cardiovascular system either during development or for angiogenesis in adults. (207 aa)
Maged2Melanoma antigen, family D, 2. (616 aa)
DgkaDiacylglycerol kinase alpha; Upon cell stimulation converts the second messenger diacylglycerol into phosphatidate, initiating the resynthesis of phosphatidylinositols and attenuating protein kinase C activity. (730 aa)
ApoolMICOS complex subunit Mic27; Component of the MICOS complex, a large protein complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that plays crucial roles in the maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane. Specifically binds to cardiolipin (in vitro) but not to the precursor lipid phosphatidylglycerol. Plays a crucial role in crista junction formation and mitochondrial function. (265 aa)
Clec3bTetranectin; Tetranectin binds to plasminogen and to isolated kringle 4. May be involved in the packaging of molecules destined for exocytosis (By similarity). (202 aa)
DgkdDiacylglycerol kinase. (1220 aa)
Spp2Secreted phosphoprotein 24; Could coordinate an aspect of bone turnover. (203 aa)
Cyb5r1NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 1; NADH-cytochrome b5 reductases are involved in desaturation and elongation of fatty acids, cholesterol biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and, in erythrocyte, methemoglobin reduction. (305 aa)
PrkcqProtein kinase C theta type; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that mediates non-redundant functions in T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling, including T-cells activation, proliferation, differentiation and survival, by mediating activation of multiple transcription factors such as NF-kappa-B, JUN, NFATC1 and NFATC2. In TCR-CD3/CD28-co-stimulated T-cells, is required for the activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN, which in turn are essential for IL2 production, and participates in the calcium-dependent NFATC1 and NFATC2 transact [...] (707 aa)
Ola1Obg-like ATPase 1; Hydrolyzes ATP, and can also hydrolyze GTP with lower efficiency. Has lower affinity for GTP. (396 aa)
F2Activation peptide fragment 1; Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing (By similarity). (618 aa)
Ptpn1Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase which acts as a regulator of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Mediates dephosphorylation of EIF2AK3/PERK; inactivating the protein kinase activity of EIF2AK3/PERK. May play an important role in CKII- and p60c- src-induced signal transduction cascades. May regulate the EFNA5-EPHA3 signaling pathway which modulates cell reorganization and cell-cell repulsion. May also regulate the hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway through dephosphorylation of MET (By similarity). Belongs to th [...] (432 aa)
Pik3caPhosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Participates in cellular signaling in response to v [...] (1068 aa)
Anxa5Annexin A5; This protein is an anticoagulant protein that acts as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade; Belongs to the annexin family. (319 aa)
Trpc3Short transient receptor potential channel 3; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) in a membrane-delimited fashion, independently of protein kinase C, and by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (ITPR) with bound IP3 (By similarity). May also be activated by internal calcium store depletion. Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. STrpC subfamily. TRPC [...] (910 aa)
P2ry1P2Y purinoceptor 1; Receptor for extracellular adenine nucleotides such as ADP. In platelets, binding to ADP leads to mobilization of intracellular calcium ions via activation of phospholipase C, a change in platelet shape, and ultimately platelet aggregation. (373 aa)
EgfPro-epidermal growth factor; EGF stimulates the growth of various epidermal and epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro and of some fibroblasts in cell culture. Magnesiotropic hormone that stimulates magnesium reabsorption in the renal distal convoluted tubule via engagement of EGFR and activation of the magnesium channel TRPM6 (By similarity). (1217 aa)
Orm1Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1; Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain (By similarity). Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction. (207 aa)
Tln1Talin-1; Probably involved in connections of major cytoskeletal structures to the plasma membrane. High molecular weight cytoskeletal protein concentrated at regions of cell-substratum contact and, in lymphocytes, at cell-cell contacts. (2541 aa)
PdpnPodoplanin; Mediates effects on cell migration and adhesion through its different partners. During development plays a role in blood and lymphatic vessels separation by binding CLEC1B, triggering CLEC1B activation in platelets and leading to platelet activation and/or aggregation. Interaction with CD9, on the contrary, attenuates platelet aggregation and pulmonary metastasis induced by PDPN. Mediates effects on cell migration and adhesion through its different partners. Through MSN or EZR interaction promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) leading to ERZ phosphorylation and tr [...] (172 aa)
Pik3r3Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma; Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-tyrosine kinases through its SH2 domain and regulates their kinase activity. During insulin stimulation, it also binds to IRS-1. (461 aa)
Gnat3Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit playing a prominent role in bitter and sweet taste transduction as well as in umami (monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, and inosine monophosphate) taste transduction. Transduction by this alpha subunit involves coupling of specific cell-surface receptors with a cGMP- phosphodiesterase; Activation of phosphodiesterase lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP which may open a cyclic nucleotide-suppressible cation channel leading to influx of calcium, ultim [...] (354 aa)
AlbSerum albumin; Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc (By similarity). Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (B [...] (608 aa)
PpbpChemokine subfamily B Cys-X-Cys. (113 aa)
Pf4Platelet factor 4; Released during platelet aggregation. Neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin because it binds more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule. Chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation (By similarity). (105 aa)
Col1a2Collagen alpha-2(I) chain; Type I collagen is a member of group I collagen (fibrillar forming collagen); Belongs to the fibrillar collagen family. (1372 aa)
Gng11Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction (By similarity). (73 aa)
Gngt1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (74 aa)
Gnb2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa)
Gp9Platelet glycoprotein IX; The GPIb-V-IX complex functions as the vWF receptor and mediates vWF-dependent platelet adhesion to blood vessels. The adhesion of platelets to injured vascular surfaces in the arterial circulation is a critical initiating event in hemostasis. GP-IX may provide for membrane insertion and orientation of GP-Ib (By similarity). (177 aa)
Itpr1Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1; Intracellular channel that mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum following stimulation by inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate. Involved in the regulation of epithelial secretion of electrolytes and fluid through the interaction with AHCYL1. Plays a role in ER stress-induced apoptosis. Cytoplasmic calcium released from the ER triggers apoptosis by the activation of CaM kinase II, eventually leading to the activation of downstream apoptosis pathways. (2749 aa)
A2mAlpha-2-macroglobulin-P; Is able to inhibit all four classes of proteinases by a unique 'trapping' mechanism. This protein has a peptide stretch, called the 'bait region' which contains specific cleavage sites for different proteinases. When a proteinase cleaves the bait region, a conformational change is induced in the protein which traps the proteinase. The entrapped enzyme remains active against low molecular weight substrates (activity against high molecular weight substrates is greatly reduced). Following cleavage in the bait region a thioester bond is hydrolyzed and mediates the [...] (1474 aa)
Clec1bC-type lectin domain family 1 member B; C-type lectin-like receptor that functions as a platelet receptor for the lymphatic endothelial marker, PDPN. After ligand activation, signals via sequential activation of SRC and SYK tyrosine kinases leading to activation of PLCG2. (229 aa)
Cd9CD9 antigen; Integral membrane protein associated with integrins, which regulates different processes, such as sperm-egg fusion, platelet activation and aggregation, and cell adhesion. Present at the cell surface of oocytes and plays a key role in sperm-egg fusion, possibly by organizing multiprotein complexes and the morphology of the membrane required for the fusion. In myoblasts, associates with CD81 and PTGFRN and inhibits myotube fusion during muscle regeneration. In macrophages, associates with CD9 and beta-1 and beta-2 integrins, and prevents macrophage fusion into multinucleate [...] (226 aa)
LatLinker for activation of T-cells family member 1; Required for TCR (T-cell antigen receptor)- and pre-TCR- mediated signaling, both in mature T-cells and during their development. Involved in FCGR3 (low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III)-mediated signaling in natural killer cells and FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor)-mediated signaling in mast cells. Couples activation of these receptors and their associated kinases with distal intracellular events such as mobilization of intracellular calcium stores, PKC activation, MAPK activation or cytoskeleta [...] (242 aa)
Stx4aSyntaxin-4; Plasma membrane t-SNARE that mediates docking of transport vesicles. Necessary for the translocation of SLC2A4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. Together with STXB3 and VAMP2, may also play a role in docking/fusion of intracellular GLUT4-containing vesicles with the cell surface in adipocytes and in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (298 aa)
F8Coagulation factor VIII; Factor VIII, along with calcium and phospholipid, acts as a cofactor for factor IXa when it converts factor X to the activated form, factor Xa. (2319 aa)
Sytl4Synaptotagmin-like protein 4; Modulates exocytosis of dense-core granules and secretion of hormones in the pancreas and the pituitary. Interacts with vesicles containing negatively charged phospholipids in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. (673 aa)
VegfdVascular endothelial growth factor D; Growth factor active in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration and also has effects on the permeability of blood vessels. May function in the formation of the venous and lymphatic vascular systems during embryogenesis, and also in the maintenance of differentiated lymphatic endothelium in adults. Binds and activates VEGFR-3 (Flt4) receptor. (358 aa)
Gas6Growth arrest-specific protein 6; Ligand for tyrosine-protein kinase receptors AXL, TYRO3 and MER whose signaling is implicated in cell growth and survival, cell adhesion and cell migration. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. (674 aa)
VegfcVascular endothelial growth factor C; Growth factor active in angiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration and also has effects on the permeability of blood vessels. May function in angiogenesis of the venous and lymphatic vascular systems during embryogenesis, and also in the maintenance of differentiated lymphatic endothelium in adults. Binds and activates KDR/VEGFR2 and FLT4/VEGFR3 receptors. (415 aa)
Pik3r2Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta; Regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), a kinase that phosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein- tyrosine kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating t [...] (722 aa)
Apoa1Truncated apolipoprotein A-I; Participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). As part of the SPAP complex, activates spermatozoa motility; Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family. (264 aa)
Scg3Secretogranin-3; Member of the granin protein family that regulates the biogenesis of secretory granules. Acts as a sorting receptor for intragranular proteins including chromogranin A/CHGA. May also play a role in angiogenesis. Promotes endothelial proliferation, migration and tube formation through MEK/ERK signaling pathway (By similarity). (471 aa)
CskTyrosine-protein kinase CSK; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, migration and immune response. Phosphorylates tyrosine residues located in the C- terminal tails of Src-family kinases (SFKs) including LCK, SRC, HCK, FYN, LYN, CSK or YES1. Upon tail phosphorylation, Src-family members engage in intramolecular interactions between the phosphotyrosine tail and the SH2 domain that result in an inactive conformation. To inhibit SFKs, CSK is recruited to the plasma membrane via binding to transmembrane proteins [...] (450 aa)
Pik3cbPhosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulation [...] (1064 aa)
TrfSerotransferrin; Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from sites of absorption and heme degradation to those of storage and utilization. Serum transferrin may also have a further role in stimulating cell proliferation. (697 aa)
Lgals3bpGalectin-3-binding protein; Promotes integrin-mediated cell adhesion. May stimulate host defense against viruses and tumor cells (By similarity). (577 aa)
Qsox1Sulfhydryl oxidase 1; Catalyzes the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in peptide and protein thiols to disulfides with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Plays a role in disulfide bond formation in a variety of extracellular proteins. In fibroblasts, required for normal incorporation of laminin into the extracellular matrix, and thereby for normal cell-cell adhesion and cell migration. (748 aa)
Adra2aAlpha-2A adrenergic receptor; Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. (465 aa)
Vav3Guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3; Exchange factor for GTP-binding proteins RhoA, RhoG and, to a lesser extent, Rac1. Binds physically to the nucleotide-free states of those GTPases (By similarity). Plays an important role in angiogenesis. Its recruitment by phosphorylated EPHA2 is critical for EFNA1-induced RAC1 GTPase activation and vascular endothelial cell migration and assembly. May be important for integrin-mediated signaling, at least in some cell types. In osteoclasts, along with SYK tyrosine kinase, required for signaling through integrin alpha-v/beta-1 (ITAGV-ITGB1), a [...] (847 aa)
Rac2Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses, such as secretory processes, phagocytose of apoptotic cells and epithelial cell polarization. Augments the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase. (192 aa)
Fermt3Fermitin family homolog 3; Plays a central role in cell adhesion in hematopoietic cells (By similarity). Acts by activating the integrin beta-1-3 (ITGB1, ITGB2 and ITGB3). Required for integrin-mediated platelet adhesion and leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Required for activation of integrin beta-2 (ITGB2) in polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs). Belongs to the kindlin family. (665 aa)
DgkbDiacylglycerol kinase beta; Exhibits high phosphorylation activity for long-chain diacylglycerols. (795 aa)
Itpr3Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3; Receptor for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger that mediates the release of intracellular calcium. (2670 aa)
LynTyrosine-protein kinase Lyn; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that transmits signals from cell surface receptors and plays an important role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, hematopoiesis, responses to growth factors and cytokines, integrin signaling, but also responses to DNA damage and genotoxic agents. Functions primarily as negative regulator, but can also function as activator, depending on the context. Required for the initiation of the B-cell response, but also for its down-regulation and termination. Plays an important role in the regulation of B-c [...] (512 aa)
FgbFibrinogen beta chain; Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots. In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re- epithelialization. Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it [...] (481 aa)
Serpine1Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; Serine protease inhibitor. Inhibits TMPRSS7. Is a primary inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) and urokinase- type plasminogen activator (PLAU). As PLAT inhibitor, it is required for fibrinolysis down-regulation and is responsible for the controlled degradation of blood clots. As PLAU inhibitor, it is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and spreading. Acts as a regulator of cell migration, independently of its role as protease inhibitor. It is required for stimulation of keratinocyte migration during cutaneous injury repair (B [...] (402 aa)
SccpdhSaccharopine dehydrogenase-like oxidoreductase; Belongs to the saccharopine dehydrogenase family. (429 aa)
Lefty1Left-right determination factor 1; Required for left-right axis determination as a regulator of LEFTY2 and NODAL; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (368 aa)
Abcc4ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4. (1325 aa)
Gng10Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. Interacts with beta-1 and beta-2, but not with beta-3 (By similarity). (68 aa)
DaglbSn1-specific diacylglycerol lipase beta; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of diacylglycerol (DAG) to 2- arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), the most abundant endocannabinoid in tissues. Required for axonal growth during development and for retrograde synaptic signaling at mature synapses (By similarity). Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family. (669 aa)
Gna11Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Acts as an activator of phospholipase C. (359 aa)
Thbs1Thrombospondin-1; Adhesive glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to- matrix interactions. Binds heparin. May play a role in dentinogenesis and/or maintenance of dentin and dental pulp. Ligand for CD36 mediating antiangiogenic properties (By similarity). Plays a role in ER stress response, via its interaction with the activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6) which produces adaptive ER stress response factors. (1171 aa)
IslrImmunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein. (428 aa)
DaglaSn1-specific diacylglycerol lipase alpha; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of diacylglycerol (DAG) to 2- arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), the most abundant endocannabinoid in tissues. Required for axonal growth during development and for retrograde synaptic signaling at mature synapses (By similarity). Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family. (1044 aa)
Ly6g6fLymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G6F. (300 aa)
Gng12Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (72 aa)
Gngt2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (69 aa)
F13a1Coagulation factor XIII A chain; Factor XIII is activated by thrombin and calcium ion to a transglutaminase that catalyzes the formation of gamma-glutamyl- epsilon-lysine cross-links between fibrin chains, thus stabilizing the fibrin clot. Also cross-link alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor, or fibronectin, to the alpha chains of fibrin. (732 aa)
Serpinf2Alpha-2-antiplasmin; Serine protease inhibitor. The major targets of this inhibitor are plasmin and trypsin, but it also inactivates matriptase- 3/TMPRSS7 and chymotrypsin (By similarity). (491 aa)
Gna15Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-15; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. (374 aa)
Itpr2Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2; Receptor for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger that mediates the release of intracellular calcium. This release is regulated by cAMP both dependently and independently of PKA. (2701 aa)
Mapk3Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (380 aa)
Gp5Platelet glycoprotein V; The GPIb-V-IX complex functions as the vWF receptor and mediates vWF-dependent platelet adhesion to blood vessels. The adhesion of platelets to injured vascular surfaces in the arterial circulation is a critical initiating event in hemostasis (By similarity). (567 aa)
Pik3r6Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6; Regulatory subunit of the PI3K gamma complex. Acts as an adapter to drive activation of PIK3CG by beta-gamma G protein dimers. The PIK3CG:PIK3R6 heterodimer is much less sensitive to beta-gamma G proteins than PIK3CG:PIK3R5 and its membrane recruitment and beta-gamma G protein dimer-dependent activation requires HRAS bound to PIK3CG. Recruits of the PI3K gamma complex to a PDE3B:RAPGEF3 signaling complex involved in angiogenesis; signaling seems to involve RRAS. (756 aa)
Abhd12Lysophosphatidylserine lipase ABHD12; Lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) lipase that mediates the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylserine, a class of signaling lipids that regulates immunological and neurological processes. Represents a major lysophosphatidylserine lipase in the brain, thereby playing a key role in the central nervous system. Also able to hydrolyze oxidized phosphatidylserine; oxidized phosphatidylserine is produced in response to severe inflammatory stress and constitutes a proapoptotic 'eat me' signal. Also has monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipase activity: hydrolyzes 2-arachidonoyl [...] (398 aa)
F2rl3Proteinase-activated receptor 4; Receptor for activated thrombin or trypsin coupled to G proteins that stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. May play a role in platelets activation; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (396 aa)
Fn1Fibronectin; Fibronectins bind cell surfaces and various compounds including collagen, fibrin, heparin, DNA, and actin. Fibronectins are involved in cell adhesion, cell motility, opsonization, wound healing, and maintenance of cell shape healing, and maintenance of cell shape. Involved in osteoblast compaction through the fibronectin fibrillogenesis cell-mediated matrix assembly process, essential for osteoblast mineralization. Participates in the regulation of type I collagen deposition by osteoblasts. (2477 aa)
Cdc42Cell division control protein 42 homolog; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In its active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. Regulates the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores before chromosome congression in metaphase. Regulates cell migration (By similarity). In neurons, plays a role in the extension and maintenance of the formation of filopodia, thin and actin-rich surface projections. Req [...] (191 aa)
Lcp2Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2; Involved in T-cell antigen receptor mediated signaling. (533 aa)
Pik3r1Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha; Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. Necessary for the insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Plays an important role in signaling in response to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KITLG/SCF, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Likewise, plays a role in ITGB2 signaling (By similarity). Modulates the cellular response to ER stress by promoting nucle [...] (724 aa)
CfdComplement factor D; Factor D cleaves factor B when the latter is complexed with factor C3b, activating the C3bbb complex, which then becomes the C3 convertase of the alternate pathway. Its function is homologous to that of C1s in the classical pathway. (259 aa)
Vti1bVesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs homolog 1B; V-SNARE that mediates vesicle transport pathways through interactions with t-SNAREs on the target membrane. These interactions are proposed to mediate aspects of the specificity of vesicle trafficking and to promote fusion of the lipid bilayers. (232 aa)
Gnai2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta- adrenergic stimuli. May play a role in cell division. (355 aa)
Gp1baPlatelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain; GP-Ib, a surface membrane protein of platelets, participates in the formation of platelet plugs by binding to the A1 domain of vWF, which is already bound to the subendothelium. (734 aa)
DgkqDiacylglycerol kinase theta; Phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DAG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). May regulate the activity of protein kinase C by controlling the balance between these two signaling lipids. Activated in the nucleus in response to alpha-thrombin and nerve growth factor (By similarity). May be involved in cAMP-induced activation of NR5A1 and subsequent steroidogenic gene transcription by delivering PA as ligand for NR5A1. Acts synergistically with NR5A1 on CYP17 transcriptional activity (By similarity). (934 aa)
Trpc6Short transient receptor potential channel 6; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) in a membrane-delimited fashion, independently of protein kinase C. Seems not to be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. (930 aa)
Ptpn11Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11; Acts downstream of various receptor and cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases to participate in the signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Positively regulates MAPK signal transduction pathway. Dephosphorylates GAB1, ARHGAP35 and EGFR. Dephosphorylates ROCK2 at 'Tyr-722' resulting in stimulatation of its RhoA binding activity. Dephosphorylates CDC73. (597 aa)
Gp1bbPlatelet glycoprotein Ib beta chain; Gp-Ib, a surface membrane protein of platelets, participates in the formation of platelet plugs by binding to von Willebrand factor, which is already bound to the subendothelium. (214 aa)
Adra2cAlpha-2C adrenergic receptor; Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Adrenergic receptor subfamily. ADRA2C sub-subfamily. (458 aa)
Cdc37l1Hsp90 co-chaperone Cdc37-like 1; Co-chaperone that binds to numerous proteins and promotes their interaction with Hsp70 and Hsp90; Belongs to the CDC37 family. (335 aa)
F2rProteinase-activated receptor 1; High affinity receptor for activated thrombin coupled to G proteins that stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. (430 aa)
Lhfpl2LHFPL tetraspan subfamily member 2 protein; Plays a role in female and male fertility. Involved in distal reproductive tract development. (222 aa)
PrkcaProtein kinase C alpha type; Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that is involved in positive and negative regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration and adhesion, cardiac hypertrophy, angiogenesis, platelet function and inflammation, by directly phosphorylating targets such as RAF1, BCL2, CSPG4, TNNT2/CTNT, or activating signaling cascades involving MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) and RAP1GAP. Depending on the cell type, is involved in cell proliferation and cell growth arrest by positive and negative regul [...] (672 aa)
Vav2Guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rho family of Ras- related GTPases. Plays an important role in angiogenesis. Its recruitment by phosphorylated EPHA2 is critical for EFNA1-induced RAC1 GTPase activation and vascular endothelial cell migration and assembly. (868 aa)
Pik3cgPhosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Links G-protein coupled receptor activation to PIP3 production. Involved in immune, inflammatory and allergic responses. Modulates [...] (1102 aa)
Mapk1Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (358 aa)
Actn4Alpha-actinin-4; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein. Probably involved in vesicular trafficking via its association with the CART complex. The CART complex is necessary for efficient transferrin receptor recycling but not for EGFR degradation (By similarity). Involved in tight junction assembly in epithelial cells probably through interaction with MICALL2. Links MICALL2 to the actin cytoskeleton and recruits it to the tight junctions. May also function as a transcriptional coactivator, stim [...] (912 aa)
Rap1bRas-related protein Rap-1b; GTP-binding protein that possesses intrinsic GTPase activity. Contributes to the polarizing activity of KRIT1 and CDH5 in the establishment and maintenance of correct endothelial cell polarity and vascular lumen. Required for the localization of phosphorylated PRKCZ, PARD3 and TIAM1 to the cell junction. Plays a role in the establishment of basal endothelial barrier function (By similarity); Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (184 aa)
Fam49bProtein FAM49B. (324 aa)
RhobRho-related GTP-binding protein RhoB; Mediates apoptosis in neoplastically transformed cells after DNA damage. Not essential for development but affects cell adhesion and growth factor signaling in transformed cells. Plays a negative role in tumorigenesis as deletion causes tumor formation. Involved in intracellular protein trafficking of a number of proteins. Targets PKN1 to endosomes and is involved in trafficking of the EGF receptor from late endosomes to lysosomes. Also required for stability and nuclear trafficking of AKT1/AKT which promotes endothelial cell survival during vascul [...] (196 aa)
Actn2Alpha-actinin-2; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein (By similarity). (894 aa)
Sos1Son of sevenless homolog 1; Promotes the exchange of Ras-bound GDP by GTP. Probably by promoting Ras activation, regulates phosphorylation of MAP kinase MAPK3 in response to EGF (By similarity). Catalytic component of a trimeric complex that participates in transduction of signals from Ras to Rac by promoting the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity. (1319 aa)
PrkcbProtein kinase C beta type; Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various cellular processes such as regulation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signalosome, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, androgen receptor-dependent transcription regulation, insulin signaling and endothelial cells proliferation. Plays a key role in B-cell activation by regulating BCR- induced NF-kappa-B activation. Mediates the activation of the canonical NF-kappa-B pathway (NFKB1) by direct phosphorylation of CARD11/CARMA1 at 'Ser-559', 'Ser- [...] (673 aa)
Pla2g4aCytosolic phospholipase A2; Selectively hydrolyzes arachidonyl phospholipids in the sn-2 position releasing arachidonic acid. Together with its lysophospholipid activity, it is implicated in the initiation of the inflammatory response. (748 aa)
Nhlrc2NHL repeat-containing protein 2; Required for normal embryonic development. (725 aa)
Actg1Actin, cytoplasmic 2, N-terminally processed; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (375 aa)
Adra2bAlpha-2B adrenergic receptor; Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Adrenergic receptor subfamily. ADRA2B sub-subfamily. (453 aa)
Aplp2Amyloid-like protein 2; May play a role in the regulation of hemostasis. The soluble form may have inhibitory properties towards coagulation factors. May interact with cellular G-protein signaling pathways. May bind to the DNA 5'-GTCACATG-3'(CDEI box). Inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, factor XIA and plasma and glandular kallikrein (By similarity). Modulates the Cu/Zn nitric oxide-catalyzed autodegradation of GPC1 heparan sulfate side chains in fibroblasts. (751 aa)
Serpina1cAlpha-1-antitrypsin 1-3; Inhibitor of serine proteases. Can inhibit trypsin and chymotrypsin; relatively ineffective against elastase. Belongs to the serpin family. (413 aa)
Gnai1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signaling cascades. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Signaling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding. The alpha subunit has a low GTPase activity that converts bound GTP to GDP, thereby terminating the signal. Both GDP release and GTP hydrolysis are modulated by numer [...] (354 aa)
Lamp2Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2; Plays an important role in chaperone-mediated autophagy, a process that mediates lysosomal degradation of proteins in response to various stresses and as part of the normal turnover of proteins with a long biological half-live. Functions by binding target proteins, such as GAPDH and MLLT11, and targeting them for lysosomal degradation (By similarity). Required for the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes during autophagy. Cells that lack LAMP2 express normal levels of VAMP8, but fail to accumulate STX17 on autophagosomes, which is the mos [...] (416 aa)
Orm2Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2; Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain (By similarity). Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction. (207 aa)
PdgfaPlatelet-derived growth factor subunit A; Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin. Required for normal lung alveolar septum formation during embryogenesis, normal development of the gastrointestinal tract, normal development of Leydig cells and spermatogenesis. Required for normal oligodendrocyte development and normal myelination in the spinal cord and cerebellum. Plays an important role in wound healing. Signaling is modulated by t [...] (196 aa)
Gng8Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. This subunit may have a very specific role in the development and turnover of olfactory and vomeronasal neurons. (70 aa)
Fcer1gHigh affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma; Adapter protein containing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) that transduces activation signals from various immunoreceptors. As a component of the high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor, mediates allergic inflammatory signaling in mast cells. As a constitutive component of interleukin-3 receptor complex, selectively mediates interleukin 4/IL4 production by basophils, priming T-cells toward effector T-helper 2 subset. Associates with pattern recognition receptors CLEC4D and CLEC4E to form a funct [...] (86 aa)
Plcg21-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. It is a crucial enzyme in transmembrane signaling (By similarity). (1265 aa)
Tor4aTorsin-4A. (426 aa)
Lefty2Left-right determination factor 2; Required for left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems in mammals; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (368 aa)
F5Coagulation factor V heavy chain; Central regulator of hemostasis. It serves as a critical cofactor for the prothrombinase activity of factor Xa that results in the activation of prothrombin to thrombin; Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family. (2183 aa)
AldoaFructose-bisphosphate aldolase A; Plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein (By similarity). Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family. (418 aa)
DgkgDiacylglycerol kinase gamma. (788 aa)
Rap1aRas-related protein Rap-1A; Induces morphological reversion of a cell line transformed by a Ras oncogene. Counteracts the mitogenic function of Ras, at least partly because it can interact with Ras GAPs and RAF in a competitive manner. Together with ITGB1BP1, regulates KRIT1 localization to microtubules and membranes (By similarity). Plays a role in nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth. Plays a role in the regulation of embryonic blood vessel formation. Involved in the establishment of basal endothelial barrier function. May be involved in the regulation of the vascular [...] (184 aa)
Rapgef4Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAP1A, RAP1B and RAP2A small GTPases that is activated by binding cAMP. Seems not to activate RAB3A. Involved in cAMP-dependent, PKA-independent exocytosis through interaction with RIMS2. (1011 aa)
SrcNeuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. Due to functional redun [...] (541 aa)
Cd109CD109 antigen; Modulates negatively TGFB1 signaling in keratinocytes. (1442 aa)
Shc1SHC-transforming protein 1; Signaling adapter that couples activated growth factor receptors to signaling pathways. Participates in signaling downstream of the angiopoietin receptor TEK/TIE2, and plays a role in the regulation of endothelial cell migration and sprouting angiogenesis (By similarity). Participates in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Isoform p47Shc and isoform p52Shc, once phosphorylated, couple activated receptor kinases to Ras via the recruitment of the GRB2/SOS complex and are implicated in the cytoplasmic propagation of mitogenic signals. [...] (579 aa)
Gng3Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (75 aa)
A1bgAlpha-1B-glycoprotein. (512 aa)
PrkceProtein kinase C epsilon type; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays essential roles in the regulation of multiple cellular processes linked to cytoskeletal proteins, such as cell adhesion, motility, migration and cell cycle, functions in neuron growth and ion channel regulation, and is involved in immune response, cancer cell invasion and regulation of apoptosis. Mediates cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix via integrin- dependent signaling, by mediating angiotensin-2-induced activation of integrin beta- [...] (737 aa)
Arrb1Beta-arrestin-1; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (418 aa)
Gng7Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. Plays a role in the regulation of adenylyl cyclase signaling in certain regions of the brain. Plays a role in the formation or stabilzation of a G protein heterotrimer (G(olf) subunit alpha-beta-gamma-7) that is required for adenylyl cyclase activity in t [...] (69 aa)
FynTyrosine-protein kinase Fyn; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many biological processes including regulation of cell growth and survival, cell adhesion, integrin-mediated signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling, cell motility, immune response and axon guidance. Inactive FYN is phosphorylated on its C-terminal tail within the catalytic domain. Following activation by PKA, the protein subsequently associates with PTK2/FAK1, allowing PTK2/FAK1 phosphorylation, activation and targeting to focal adhesions. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and motility through [...] (537 aa)
Kng2HMW kininogen-II. (644 aa)
PrkcgProtein kinase C gamma type; Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays diverse roles in neuronal cells and eye tissues, such as regulation of the neuronal receptors GRIA4/GLUR4 and GRIN1/NMDAR1, modulation of receptors and neuronal functions related to sensitivity to opiates, pain and alcohol, mediation of synaptic function and cell survival after ischemia, and inhibition of gap junction activity after oxidative stress. Binds and phosphorylates GRIA4/GLUR4 glutamate receptor and regulates its function by increasing p [...] (697 aa)
Rac1Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity [...] (211 aa)
DgkiDiacylglycerol kinase. (1071 aa)
Itga2bIntegrin alpha-IIb heavy chain; Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. It recognizes the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. It recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen. This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial cell surface. (1033 aa)
Rasgrp1RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1; Functions as a calcium- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Ras through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Activates the Erk/MAP kinase cascade. Regulates T-cell/B-cell development, homeostasis and differentiation by coupling T-lymphocyte/B-lymphocyte antigen receptors to Ras. Regulates NK cell cytotoxicity and ITAM-dependent cytokine production by activation of Ras-mediated ERK and JNK pathways (By similarity). Functions in mast cell degranulation and cytokine secretion, regulating FcERI-evoked allergic [...] (795 aa)
Stxbp3Syntaxin-binding protein 3; Together with STX4 and VAMP2, may play a role in insulin- dependent movement of GLUT4 and in docking/fusion of intracellular GLUT4-containing vesicles with the cell surface in adipocytes. (592 aa)
PlekPleckstrin; Major protein kinase C substrate of platelets. (350 aa)
Pdpk13-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as a master kinase, phosphorylating and activating a subgroup of the AGC family of protein kinases. Its targets include: protein kinase B (PKB/AKT1, PKB/AKT2, PKB/AKT3), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KB1), p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2 and RPS6KA3), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACA), protein kinase C (PRKCD and PRKCZ), serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1, SGK2 and SGK3), p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1), protein kinase PKN (PKN1 and PKN2). Plays a central rol [...] (559 aa)
Igf1Insulin-like growth factor I; The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation (By similarity). Ca(2 [...] (159 aa)
Pecam1Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; Cell adhesion molecule which is required for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) under most inflammatory conditions (By similarity). Tyr-679 plays a critical role in TEM and is required for efficient trafficking of PECAM1 to and from the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and is also essential for the LBRC membrane to be targeted around migrating leukocytes (By similarity). Trans-homophilic interaction may play a role in endothelial cell-cell adhesion via cell junctions (By similarity). Heterophilic interaction with CD177 pla [...] (727 aa)
RhogRho-related GTP-binding protein RhoG; Required for the formation of membrane ruffles during macropinocytosis. Plays a role in cell migration and is required for the formation of cup-like structures during trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes (By similarity). (191 aa)
DgkeDiacylglycerol kinase epsilon; Highly selective for arachidonate-containing species of diacylglycerol (DAG). May terminate signals transmitted through arachidonoyl-DAG or may contribute to the synthesis of phospholipids with defined fatty acid composition (By similarity); Belongs to the eukaryotic diacylglycerol kinase family. (564 aa)
Arrb2Beta-arrestin-2; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (421 aa)
Serpina3iSerine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 3I; Belongs to the serpin family. (408 aa)
Ptk2Focal adhesion kinase 1; Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating cell migration, adhesion, spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation and disassembly of focal adhesions and cell protrusions, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Required for early embryonic development and placenta development. Required for embryonic angiogenesis, normal cardiomyocyte migration and proliferation, and normal heart development. Regulates axon growth and neuronal cell migration, axon branching and synapse formation; required f [...] (1052 aa)
Tagln2Transgelin-2; Belongs to the calponin family. (199 aa)
DgkzDiacylglycerol kinase zeta; Displays a strong preference for 1,2-diacylglycerols over 1,3-diacylglycerols, but lacks substrate specificity among molecular species of long chain diacylglycerols. Regulates RASGRP1 activity (By similarity). Positively regulates insulin-induced translocation of SLC2A4 to the cell membrane in adipocytes. Activates PIP5K1A activity via generation of phosphatidic acid. (1123 aa)
Tmsb4xHematopoietic system regulatory peptide; Plays an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton. Binds to and sequesters actin monomers (G actin) and therefore inhibits actin polymerization. (44 aa)
PrkcdProtein kinase C delta type regulatory subunit; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays contrasting roles in cell death and cell survival by functioning as a pro-apoptotic protein during DNA damage-induced apoptosis, but acting as an anti- apoptotic protein during cytokine receptor-initiated cell death, is involved in tumor suppression, is required for oxygen radical production by NADPH oxidase and acts as positive or negative regulator in platelet functional responses. Negatively regulates B cell proliferation a [...] (700 aa)
VwfVon Willebrand antigen 2; Important in the maintenance of hemostasis, it promotes adhesion of platelets to the sites of vascular injury by forming a molecular bridge between sub-endothelial collagen matrix and platelet- surface receptor complex GPIb-IX-V. Also acts as a chaperone for coagulation factor VIII, delivering it to the site of injury, stabilizing its heterodimeric structure and protecting it from premature clearance from plasma. (2813 aa)
Rasgrp2RAS guanyl-releasing protein 2; Functions as a calcium- and DAG-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Rap through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. May also activates other GTPases such as RRAS, RRAS2, NRAS, KRAS but not HRAS. Functions in aggregation of platelets and adhesion of T-lymphocytes and neutrophils probably through inside-out integrin activation. May function in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1/CHRM1 signaling pathway. (608 aa)
FlnaFilamin-A; Actin binding protein that promotes orthogonal branching of actin filaments and links actin filaments to membrane glycoproteins. Anchors various transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and serves as a scaffold for a wide range of cytoplasmic signaling proteins (By similarity). Interaction with FLNB may allow neuroblast migration from the ventricular zone into the cortical plate. Tethers cell surface-localized furin, modulates its rate of internalization and directs its intracellular trafficking. Involved in ciliogenesis. Plays a role in cell-cell contacts and adhere [...] (2639 aa)
Timp1Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1; Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16. Does not act on MMP14 (By similarity). Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1. Plays a role in integrin signaling; Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 [...] (205 aa)
Ecm1Extracellular matrix protein 1; Involved in endochondral bone formation as negative regulator of bone mineralization. Stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells and promotes angiogenesis. Inhibits MMP9 proteolytic activity (By similarity). (559 aa)
Itih4Inter alpha-trypsin inhibitor, heavy chain 4; Type II acute-phase protein (APP) involved in inflammatory responses to trauma. May also play a role in liver development or regeneration. (942 aa)
SykTyrosine-protein kinase SYK; Non-receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates signal transduction downstream of a variety of transmembrane receptors including classical immunoreceptors like the B-cell receptor (BCR). Regulates several biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, cell adhesion, osteoclast maturation, platelet activation and vascular development. Assembles into signaling complexes with activated receptors at the plasma membrane via interaction between its SH2 domains and the receptor tyrosine-phosphorylated ITAM domains. The association with the receptor can a [...] (629 aa)
Gng5Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (68 aa)
Igf2Insulin-like growth factor II; The insulin-like growth factors possess growth-promoting activity (Probable). Major fetal growth hormone in mammals. Plays a key role in regulating fetoplacental development (Probable). IGF-II is influenced by placental lactogen (Probable). Also involved in tissue differentiation (Probable). Positively regulates myogenic transcription factor MYOD1 function by facilitating the recruitment of transcriptional coactivators, thereby controlling muscle terminal differentiation. In adults, involved in glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liv [...] (191 aa)
Rab27bRas-related protein Rab-27B; Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate homeostasis of late endocytic pathway, including endosomal positioning, maturation and secretion (By similarity). Plays a role in NTRK2/TRKB axonal anterograde transport by facilitating the association of NTRK2/TRKB with KLC1 (By similarity). May be involved in targeting uroplakins to urothelial apical membranes (By similarity). (218 aa)
VegfaVascular endothelial growth factor A; Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. May play a role in increasing vascular permeability during lactation, when increased transport of molecules from the blood is required for efficient milk protein synthesis (By similarity). Binding to NRP1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor [...] (392 aa)
Rapgef3Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAP1A and RAP2A small GTPases that is activated by binding cAMP. Through simultaneous binding of PDE3B to RAPGEF3 and PIK3R6 is assembled in a signaling complex in which it activates the PI3K gamma complex and which is involved in angiogenesis. Plays a role in the modulation of the cAMP- induced dynamic control of endothelial barrier function through a pathway that is independent on Rho-mediated signaling. Required for the actin rearrangement at cell-cell junctions, such as stress fibers and junction [...] (926 aa)
Mmrn1Multimerin-1; Carrier protein for platelet (but not plasma) factor V/Va. Plays a role in the storage and stabilization of factor V in platelets. Upon release following platelet activation, may limit platelet and plasma factor Va-dependent thrombin generation. Ligand for integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 and integrin alpha-V/beta-3 on activated platelets, and may function as an extracellular matrix or adhesive protein (By similarity). (1210 aa)
Gnb4Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa)
SelpP-selectin; Ca(2+)-dependent receptor for myeloid cells that binds to carbohydrates on neutrophils and monocytes. Mediates the interaction of activated endothelial cells or platelets with leukocytes. The ligand recognized is sialyl-Lewis X. Mediates rapid rolling of leukocyte rolling over vascular surfaces during the initial steps in inflammation through interaction with SELPLG. (768 aa)
SelenopSelenoprotein P; Might be responsible for some of the extracellular antioxidant defense properties of selenium or might be involved in the transport of selenium (By similarity). May supply selenium to tissues such as brain and testis. (380 aa)
ManfMesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor; Selectively promotes the survival of dopaminergic neurons of the ventral mid-brain. Modulates GABAergic transmission to the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Enhances spontaneous, as well as evoked, GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents in dopaminergic neurons. Inhibits cell proliferation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell death. Retained in the ER/sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through association with the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein HSPA5 under normal conditions. Up-regulated and secreted b [...] (179 aa)
Stxbp2Syntaxin-binding protein 2; Involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking and vesicle fusion with membranes. Contributes to the granule exocytosis machinery through interaction with soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins that regulate membrane fusion. Regulates cytotoxic granule exocytosis in natural killer (NK) cells (By similarity). (593 aa)
SrgnSerglycin; Plays a role in formation of mast cell secretory granules and mediates storage of various compounds in secretory vesicles. Required for storage of some proteases in both connective tissue and mucosal mast cells and for storage of granzyme B in T-lymphocytes. Plays a role in localizing neutrophil elastase in azurophil granules of neutrophils. Mediates processing of MMP2. Plays a role in cytotoxic cell granule- mediated apoptosis by forming a complex with granzyme B which is delivered to cells by perforin to induce apoptosis. Regulates the secretion of TNF-alpha and may also r [...] (152 aa)
Gng2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (71 aa)
LckProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase LCK; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role in the selection and maturation of developing T-cells in the thymus and in the function of mature T-cells. Plays a key role in T- cell antigen receptor (TCR)-linked signal transduction pathways. Constitutively associated with the cytoplasmic portions of the CD4 and CD8 surface receptors. Association of the TCR with a peptide antigen- bound MHC complex facilitates the interaction of CD4 and CD8 with MHC class II and class I molecules, respectively, thereby recruiting the associa [...] (520 aa)
MgllMonoglyceride lipase; Converts monoacylglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol. Hydrolyzes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and thereby contributes to the regulation of endocannabinoid signaling, nociperception and perception of pain. Regulates the levels of fatty acids that serve as signaling molecules and promote cancer cell migration, invasion and tumor growth (By similarity). (319 aa)
Fam3cProtein FAM3C; May be involved in retinal laminar formation. Promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition. (227 aa)
Endod1Endonuclease domain-containing 1 protein; May act as a DNase and a RNase; Belongs to the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family. (501 aa)
Abhd6Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD6; Lipase that preferentially hydrolysis medium-chain saturated monoacylglycerols including 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Through 2-arachidonoylglycerol degradation may regulate endocannabinoid signaling pathways. Also has a lysophosphatidyl lipase activity with a preference for lysophosphatidylglycerol among other lysophospholipids. Also able to degrade bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) and constitutes the major enzyme for BMP catabolism. BMP, also known as lysobisphosphatidic acid, is enriched in late endosomes and lysosomes and plays a key role in the formati [...] (336 aa)
Bcar1Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1; Docking protein which plays a central coordinating role for tyrosine kinase-based signaling related to cell adhesion. Implicated in induction of cell migration (By similarity). Has been shown to be essential in cardiovascular development during embryogenesis. Belongs to the CAS family. (874 aa)
Gnb1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction (By similarity). (340 aa)
Chid1Chitinase domain-containing protein 1; Saccharide- and LPS-binding protein with possible roles in pathogen sensing and endotoxin neutralization. Ligand-binding specificity relates to the length of the oligosaccharides, with preference for chitotetraose (in vitro) (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. (396 aa)
Gng13Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (67 aa)
Tex264Testis-expressed gene 264. (309 aa)
Cd36Platelet glycoprotein 4; Multifunctional glycoprotein that acts as receptor for a broad range of ligands. Ligands can be of proteinaceous nature like thrombospondin, fibronectin, collagen or amyloid-beta as well as of lipidic nature such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), anionic phospholipids, long-chain fatty acids and bacterial diacylated lipopeptides. They are generally multivalent and can therefore engage multiple receptors simultaneously, the resulting formation of CD36 clusters initiates signal transduction and internalization of receptor-ligand complexes. The dependen [...] (472 aa)
FgaFibrinogen alpha chain; Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen beta (FGB) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots. In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization. Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it i [...] (789 aa)
Mpig6bMegakaryocyte and platelet inhibitory receptor G6b; Inhibitory receptor that acts as a critical regulator of hematopoietic lineage differentiation, megakaryocyte function and platelet production. Inhibits platelet aggregation and activation by agonists such as ADP and collagen-related peptide (By similarity). This regulation of megakaryocate function as well as platelet production ann activation is done through the inhibition (via the 2 ITIM motifs) of the receptors CLEC1B and GP6:FcRgamma signaling. Appears to operate in a calcium-independent manner (By similarity). (242 aa)
AampAngio-associated migratory protein. (436 aa)
PsapSaposin-B-Val; [Prosaposin]: Behaves as a myelinotrophic and neurotrophic factor, these effects are mediated by its G-protein-coupled receptors, GPR37 and GPR37L1, undergoing ligand-mediated internalization followed by ERK phosphorylation signaling. Saposin-B stimulates the hydrolysis of galacto-cerebroside sulfate by arylsulfatase A (EC 3.1.6.8), GM1 gangliosides by beta- galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) and globotriaosylceramide by alpha- galactosidase A (EC 3.2.1.22). Saposin-B forms a solubilizing complex with the substrates of the sphingolipid hydrolases. Saposins are specific low-mol [...] (557 aa)
Tuba4aTubulin alpha-4A chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain; Belongs to the tubulin family. (448 aa)
FggFibrinogen gamma chain; Together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen beta (FGB), polymerizes to form an insoluble fibrin matrix (By similarity). Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots (By similarity). In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization (By similarity). Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not abs [...] (443 aa)
Tgfb2Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-2, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-2: Multifunctional protein that regulates various processes such as angiogenesis and heart development (By similarity). Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transfor [...] (442 aa)
Pcdh7Protocadherin 7. (1255 aa)
P2ry12P2Y purinoceptor 12; Receptor for ADP and ATP coupled to G-proteins that inhibit the adenylyl cyclase second messenger system. Required for normal platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. (347 aa)
HgfHepatocyte growth factor alpha chain; Potent mitogen for mature parenchymal hepatocyte cells, seems to be a hepatotrophic factor, and acts as a growth factor for a broad spectrum of tissues and cell types. Activating ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase MET by binding to it and promoting its dimerization. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Plasminogen subfamily. (728 aa)
Gp6Platelet glycoprotein VI; Collagen receptor involved in collagen-induced platelet adhesion and activation. Plays a key role in platelet procoagulant activity and subsequent thrombin and fibrin formation. This procoagulant function may contribute to arterial and venous thrombus formation. The signaling pathway involves the FcR gamma-chain, the Src kinases (likely FYN or LYN) and SYK, the adapter protein LAT and leads to the activation of PLCG2. (313 aa)
Gnb5Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5; Enhances GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, hence involved in the termination of the signaling initiated by the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) by accelerating the GTP hydrolysis on the G-alpha subunits, thereby promoting their inactivation (Probable). Increases RGS9 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity, hence contributes to the deactivation of G protein signaling initiated by D(2) dopamine receptors (By similarity). May play an important role in neuronal signaling, incl [...] (395 aa)
Cd63CD63 antigen; Functions as cell surface receptor for TIMP1 and plays a role in the activation of cellular signaling cascades. Plays a role in the activation of ITGB1 and integrin signaling, leading to the activation of AKT, FAK/PTK2 and MAP kinases. Promotes cell survival, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, spreading and migration, via its role in the activation of AKT and FAK/PTK2. Plays a role in VEGFA signaling via its role in regulating the internalization of KDR/VEGFR2. Plays a role in intracellular vesicular transport processes, and is required for normal tr [...] (238 aa)
Tbxa2rThromboxane A2 receptor; Receptor for thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a potent stimulator of platelet aggregation. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G- protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. In the kidney, the binding of TXA2 to glomerular TP receptors causes intense vasoconstriction. Activates phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase. (341 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
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