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| | Gnai3 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha; Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signaling cascades. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Signaling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding. The alpha subunit has a low GTPase activity that converts bound GTP to GDP, thereby terminating the signal. Both GDP release and GTP hydrolysis are modul [...] (354 aa) |
| | Cav2 | Caveolin-2; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity. Acts as an accessory protein in conjunction with CAV1 in targeting to lipid rafts and driving caveolae formation. The Ser-36 phosphorylated form has a role in modulating mitosis in endothelial cells. Positive regulator of cellular mitogenesis of the MAPK signaling pathway. Required for the insulin-stimulated nuclear translocation and activation of MAPK1 and STAT3, and the subsequent regulation of cell cycle progression (B [...] (162 aa) |
| | Kat2b | Histone acetyltransferase KAT2B; Functions as a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) to promote transcriptional activation. Has significant histone acetyltransferase activity with core histones (H3 and H4), and also with nucleosome core particles. Also acetylates non-histone proteins, such as ACLY, PLK4, RRP9/U3-55K and TBX5. Acts as a circadian transcriptional coactivator which enhances the activity of the circadian transcriptional activators: NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 and CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimers. Involved in heart and limb development by mediating acetylation of TBX5, acetylation regulatin [...] (813 aa) |
| | Sp1 | Transcription factor Sp1; Transcription factor that can activate or repress transcription in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Binds with high affinity to GC-rich motifs and regulates the expression of a large number of genes involved in a variety of processes such as cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation and immune responses. Highly regulated by post-translational modifications (phosphorylations, sumoylation, proteolytic cleavage, glycosylation and acetylation). Binds also the PDGFR-alpha G-box promoter. May have a role in modulating the cellular response to DNA da [...] (781 aa) |
| | Akt1 | RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the [...] (480 aa) |
| | Gtf2f1 | General transcription factor IIF subunit 1; TFIIF is a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the initiation complex in collaboration with TFIIB. It promotes transcription elongation (By similarity); Belongs to the TFIIF alpha subunit family. (508 aa) |
| | Ppp5c | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 5; Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates a myriad of proteins involved in different signaling pathways including the kinases CSNK1E, ASK1/MAP3K5, PRKDC and RAF1, the nuclear receptors NR3C1, PPARG, ESR1 and ESR2, SMAD proteins and TAU/MAPT. Implicated in wide ranging cellular processes, including apoptosis, differentiation, DNA damage response, cell survival, regulation of ion channels or circadian rhythms, in response to steroid and thyroid hormones, calcium, fatty acids, TGF-beta as well as oxidative and genotoxic stresses. Pa [...] (499 aa) |
| | Polr2e | DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non- coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. In Pol II, POLR2E/RPB5 is part of the [...] (210 aa) |
| | Hspb1 | Heat shock protein beta-1; Small heat shock protein which functions as a molecular chaperone probably maintaining denatured proteins in a folding- competent state. Plays a role in stress resistance and actin organization. Through its molecular chaperone activity may regulate numerous biological processes including the phosphorylation and the axonal transport of neurofilament proteins (By similarity). (209 aa) |
| | Igf1r | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor alpha chain; Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates actions of insulin- like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Binds IGF1 with high affinity and IGF2 and insulin (INS) with a lower affinity. The activated IGF1R is involved in cell growth and survival control. IGF1R is crucial for tumor transformation and survival of malignant cell. Ligand binding activates the receptor kinase, leading to receptor autophosphorylation, and tyrosines phosphorylation of multiple substrates, that function as signaling adapter proteins including, the insulin-receptor substrates ( [...] (1369 aa) |
| | Ncoa2 | Nuclear receptor coactivator 2; Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Coactivator of the steroid binding domain (AF-2) but not of the modulating N-terminal domain (AF-1). Required with NCOA1 to control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues. Critical regulator of glucose metabolism regulation, acts as RORA coactivator to specifically modulate G6PC expression. Involved in the positive regulation of the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 by sumoylation enhancer RWDD3. Positively regulates the circadian clock by [...] (1462 aa) |
| | Cav1 | Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes (By similarity). Forms a stable heterooligomeric complex with CAV2 that targets to lipid rafts and drives caveolae formation. Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN proteins (CAVIN1/2/3/4) to the caveolae. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependen [...] (178 aa) |
| | Cdk9 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 9; Protein kinase involved in the regulation of transcription. Member of the cyclin-dependent kinase pair (CDK9/cyclin-T) complex, also called positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which facilitates the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD (C-terminal domain) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) POLR2A, SUPT5H and RDBP. This complex is inactive when in the 7SK snRNP complex form. Phosphorylates EP300, MYOD1, RPB1/POLR2A and AR and the negative elongation factors DSIF and NELF. Regulates cytoki [...] (372 aa) |
| | Mmp9 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9; Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase M10A family. (730 aa) |
| | H2bc4 | Histone H2B type 1-C/E/G; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | Mmp7 | Matrilysin; Degrades casein, gelatins of types I, III, IV, and V, and fibronectin. Activates procollagenase (By similarity). (267 aa) |
| | Calm3 | Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Mediates calcium- dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium- activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. (149 aa) |
| | Polr2i | DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB9 is part of the upper jaw surrounding the central large cleft and thought to grab the incoming DNA template (By similarity). (125 aa) |
| | Egfr | Epidermal growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, AREG, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least [...] (1210 aa) |
| | Ddx5 | Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5; Involved in the alternative regulation of pre-mRNA splicing; its RNA helicase activity is necessary for increasing tau exon 10 inclusion and occurs in a RBM4-dependent manner. Binds to the tau pre- mRNA in the stem-loop region downstream of exon 10. The rate of ATP hydrolysis is highly stimulated by single-stranded RNA. Involved in transcriptional regulation; the function is independent of the RNA helicase activity. Transcriptional coactivator for androgen receptor AR but probably not ESR1. Synergizes with DDX17 and SRA1 RNA to activate MYOD1 t [...] (615 aa) |
| | Gtf2a1 | Transcription initiation factor IIA alpha chain; TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation. TFIIA in a complex with TBP mediates transcriptional activity (By similarity); Belongs to the TFIIA subunit 1 family. (378 aa) |
| | Polr2h | DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non- coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively (By similarity). (150 aa) |
| | Gng4 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (75 aa) |
| | Crebbp | Histone lysine acetyltransferase CREBBP; Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation (By similarity). Also acetylates non-histone proteins, like DDX21, FBL, IRF2, MAFG, NCOA3, POLR1E/PAF53 and FOXO1. Binds specifically to phosphorylated CREB and enhances its transcriptional activity toward cAMP-responsive genes (By similarity). Acts as a coactivator of ALX1 (By similarity). Acts as a circadian transcriptional coactivator which enhances the activity of the circadian transcriptional activators: NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 and CLOCK- ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimers (By simila [...] (2441 aa) |
| | Runx1 | Runt-related transcription factor 1; Forms the heterodimeric complex core-binding factor (CBF) with CBFB. RUNX members modulate the transcription of their target genes through recognizing the core consensus binding sequence 5'- TGTGGT-3', or very rarely, 5'-TGCGGT-3', within their regulatory regions via their runt domain, while CBFB is a non-DNA-binding regulatory subunit that allosterically enhances the sequence-specific DNA-binding capacity of RUNX. The heterodimers bind to the core site of a number of enhancers and promoters, including murine leukemia virus, polyomavirus enhancer, T [...] (465 aa) |
| | Gnb3 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa) |
| | Hsp90ab1 | Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta; Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co- chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. Engages with a range of client protein classes via its interact [...] (724 aa) |
| | Polr2d | DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB4 is part of a subcomplex with RPB7 that binds to a pocket formed by RPB1, RPB2 and RPB6 at the base of the clamp element. The RBP4-RPB7 subcomplex seems [...] (142 aa) |
| | Hbegf | Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor; Growth factor that mediates its effects via EGFR, ERBB2 and ERBB4. Required for normal cardiac valve formation and normal heart function. Promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation. May be involved in macrophage-mediated cellular proliferation. It is mitogenic for fibroblasts, but not endothelial cells. It is able to bind EGF receptor/EGFR with higher affinity than EGF itself and is a far more potent mitogen for smooth muscle cells than EGF. Also acts as a diphtheria toxin receptor. (208 aa) |
| | Hras | GTPase HRas, N-terminally processed; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity. (189 aa) |
| | Uhmk1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase Kist; Upon serum stimulation, phosphorylates CDKN1B/p27Kip1, thus controlling CDKN1B subcellular location and cell cycle progression in G1 phase. May be involved in trafficking and/or processing of RNA (By similarity); Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (419 aa) |
| | Pik3ca | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Participates in cellular signaling in response to v [...] (1068 aa) |
| | Ppid | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase D; PPIase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and may therefore assist protein folding. Proposed to act as a co-chaperone in HSP90 complexes such as in unligated steroid receptors heterocomplexes. Different co-chaperones seem to compete for association with HSP90 thus establishing distinct HSP90-co-chaperone-receptor complexes with the potential to exert tissue-specific receptor activity control. May have a preference for estrogen receptor complexes and is not found in glucocorticoid receptor co [...] (370 aa) |
| | Nras | GTPase NRas; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (189 aa) |
| | Egf | Pro-epidermal growth factor; EGF stimulates the growth of various epidermal and epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro and of some fibroblasts in cell culture. Magnesiotropic hormone that stimulates magnesium reabsorption in the renal distal convoluted tubule via engagement of EGFR and activation of the magnesium channel TRPM6 (By similarity). (1217 aa) |
| | Zdhhc21 | Probable palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC21; Palmitoylates sex steroid hormone receptors, including ESR1, PGR and AR, thereby regulating their targeting to the plasma membrane. This affects rapid intracellular signaling by sex hormones via ERK and AKT kinases and the generation of cAMP, but does not affect that mediated by their nuclear receptor (By similarity); Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family. (265 aa) |
| | Pik3r3 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma; Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-tyrosine kinases through its SH2 domain and regulates their kinase activity. During insulin stimulation, it also binds to IRS-1. (461 aa) |
| | Gnat3 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit playing a prominent role in bitter and sweet taste transduction as well as in umami (monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, and inosine monophosphate) taste transduction. Transduction by this alpha subunit involves coupling of specific cell-surface receptors with a cGMP- phosphodiesterase; Activation of phosphodiesterase lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP which may open a cyclic nucleotide-suppressible cation channel leading to influx of calcium, ultim [...] (354 aa) |
| | Nos3 | Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is implicated in vascular smooth muscle relaxation through a cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. NO mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in coronary vessels and promotes blood clotting through the activation of platelets. May play a significant role in normal and abnormal limb development; Belongs to the NOS family. (1202 aa) |
| | Prkcz | Protein kinase C zeta type; Calcium- and diacylglycerol-independent serine/threonine- protein kinase that functions in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, and is involved in NF-kappa-B activation, mitogenic signaling, cell proliferation, cell polarity, inflammatory response and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP). Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in macrophages, or following mitogenic stimuli, functions downstream of PI3K to activate MAP2K1/MEK1-MAPK1/ERK2 signaling cascade independently of RAF1 activation. Req [...] (592 aa) |
| | Polr2b | DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Second largest component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Proposed to contribute to the polymerase catalytic activity and forms the polymerase active center together with the largest subunit. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB2 is [...] (1174 aa) |
| | Ereg | Proepiregulin; Ligand of the EGF receptor/EGFR and ERBB4. Stimulates EGFR and ERBB4 tyrosine phosphorylation (By similarity). Contributes to inflammation, wound healing, tissue repair, and oocyte maturation by regulating angiogenesis and vascular remodeling and by stimulating cell proliferation. (162 aa) |
| | Areg | Amphiregulin; Ligand of the EGF receptor/EGFR. Autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for a broad range of target cells including astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts; Belongs to the amphiregulin family. (248 aa) |
| | Gng11 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction (By similarity). (73 aa) |
| | Gngt1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (74 aa) |
| | Gnb2 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa) |
| | Tgfa | Protransforming growth factor alpha; TGF alpha is a mitogenic polypeptide that is able to bind to the EGF receptor/EGFR and to act synergistically with TGF beta to promote anchorage-independent cell proliferation in soft agar. (159 aa) |
| | Kras | GTPase KRas, N-terminally processed; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304-dependent manner (By similarity). (188 aa) |
| | Fkbp4 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP4, N-terminally processed; Immunophilin protein with PPIase and co-chaperone activities. Component of steroid receptors heterocomplexes through interaction with heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90). May play a role in the intracellular trafficking of heterooligomeric forms of steroid hormone receptors between cytoplasm and nuclear compartments. The isomerase activity controls neuronal growth cones via regulation of TRPC1 channel opening. Acts also as a regulator of microtubule dynamics by inhibiting MAPT/TAU ability to promote microtubule assembly. May [...] (458 aa) |
| | Mmp2 | 72 kDa type IV collagenase; Ubiquitinous metalloproteinase that is involved in diverse functions such as remodeling of the vasculature, angiogenesis, tissue repair, tumor invasion, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. As well as degrading extracellular matrix proteins, can also act on several nonmatrix proteins such as big endothelial 1 and beta- type CGRP promoting vasoconstriction. Also cleaves KISS at a Gly-|-Leu bond. Appears to have a role in myocardial cell death pathways. Contributes to myocardial oxidative stress by regulating the activity of GSK3beta. Cleaves GSK3 [...] (662 aa) |
| | Zdhhc7 | Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC7; Palmitoyltransferase with broad specificity. Palmitoylates JAM3 (By similarity). Palmitoylates SNAP25 and DLG4/PSD95. Palmitoylates sex steroid hormone receptors, including ESR1, PGR and AR, thereby regulating their targeting to the plasma membrane and their function in rapid intracellular signaling upon binding of sex hormones (By similarity). May play a role in follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) activation of testicular Sertoli cells (By similarity). (308 aa) |
| | Pik3r2 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta; Regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), a kinase that phosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein- tyrosine kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating t [...] (722 aa) |
| | Mmp3 | Stromelysin-1; Can degrade fibronectin, laminin, gelatins of type I, III, IV, and V; collagens III, IV, X, and IX, and cartilage proteoglycans. Activates procollagenase. (479 aa) |
| | Carm1 | Histone-arginine methyltransferase CARM1; Methylates (mono- and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues in several proteins involved in DNA packaging, transcription regulation, pre-mRNA splicing, and mRNA stability. Recruited to promoters upon gene activation together with histone acetyltransferases from EP300/P300 and p160 families, methylates histone H3 at 'Arg-17' (H3R17me), forming mainly asymmetric dimethylarginine (H3R17me2a), leading to activates transcription via chromatin remodeling. During nuclear hormone receptor activation and TCF7L2/TCF4 activ [...] (608 aa) |
| | Polr2j | DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB11 is part of the core element with the central large cleft (By similarity). (117 aa) |
| | Foxa1 | Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-alpha; Transcription factor that is involved in embryonic development, establishment of tissue-specific gene expression and regulation of gene expression in differentiated tissues. Is thought to act as a 'pioneer' factor opening the compacted chromatin for other proteins through interactions with nucleosomal core histones and thereby replacing linker histones at target enhancer and/or promoter sites. Binds DNA with the consensus sequence 5'- [AC]A[AT]T[AG]TT[GT][AG][CT]T[CT]-3' (By similarity). Proposed to play a role in translating the epigenetic signatures [...] (468 aa) |
| | Gng10 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. Interacts with beta-1 and beta-2, but not with beta-3 (By similarity). (68 aa) |
| | Polr2l | DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non- coding RNAs, and a small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. In Pol II, POLR2L/RBP10 is part of [...] (67 aa) |
| | Gng12 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (72 aa) |
| | Epgn | Epigen; Promotes the growth of epithelial cells. May stimulate the phosphorylation of EGFR and mitogen-activated protein kinases. (152 aa) |
| | Gngt2 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (69 aa) |
| | Ptges3 | Prostaglandin E synthase 3; Cytosolic prostaglandin synthase that catalyzes the oxidoreduction of prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Molecular chaperone that localizes to genomic response elements in a hormone-dependent manner and disrupts receptor-mediated transcriptional activation, by promoting disassembly of transcriptional regulatory complexes. Facilitates HIF alpha proteins hydroxylation via interaction with EGLN1/PHD2, leading to recruit EGLN1/PHD2 to the HSP90 pathway; Belongs to the p23/wos2 family. (160 aa) |
| | Polr2a | DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB1 is part of the core element with the central large cl [...] (1970 aa) |
| | Mapk3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (380 aa) |
| | Polr2k | DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non- coding RNAs, and a small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively (By similarity); Belongs to the archaeal RpoP/eukaryotic RPC10 RNA polymerase subunit family. (99 aa) |
| | H2bc1 | Histone H2B type 1-A; Variant histone specifically required to direct the transformation of dissociating nucleosomes to protamine in male germ cells. Entirely replaces classical histone H2B prior nucleosome to protamine transition and probably acts as a nucleosome dissociating factor that creates a more dynamic chromatin, facilitating the large-scale exchange of histones. In condensing spermatids, the heterodimer between H2AB1 and H2BC1/TH2B is loaded onto the nucleosomes and promotes loading of transition proteins (TNP1 and TNP2) onto the nucleosomes. Inclusion of the H2AB1-H2BC1/TH2B [...] (127 aa) |
| | Pik3r1 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha; Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. Necessary for the insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Plays an important role in signaling in response to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KITLG/SCF, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Likewise, plays a role in ITGB2 signaling (By similarity). Modulates the cellular response to ER stress by promoting nucle [...] (724 aa) |
| | Gnai2 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta- adrenergic stimuli. May play a role in cell division. (355 aa) |
| | Cbfb | Core-binding factor subunit beta; Forms the heterodimeric complex core-binding factor (CBF) with RUNX family proteins (RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3). RUNX members modulate the transcription of their target genes through recognizing the core consensus binding sequence 5'-TGTGGT-3', or very rarely, 5'- TGCGGT-3', within their regulatory regions via their runt domain, while CBFB is a non-DNA-binding regulatory subunit that allosterically enhances the sequence-specific DNA-binding capacity of RUNX. The heterodimers bind to the core site of a number of enhancers and promoters, including murine l [...] (187 aa) |
| | Creb1 | Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1; Phosphorylation-dependent transcription factor that stimulates transcription upon binding to the DNA cAMP response element (CRE), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Transcription activation is enhanced by the TORC coactivators which act independently of Ser-133 phosphorylation. Involved in different cellular processes including the synchronization of circadian rhythmicity and the differentiation of adipose cells. Belongs to the bZIP family. (341 aa) |
| | Cdkn1b | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; Important regulator of cell cycle progression. Inhibits the kinase activity of CDK2 bound to cyclin A, but has little inhibitory activity on CDK2 bound to SPDYA (By similarity). Involved in G1 arrest. Potent inhibitor of cyclin E- and cyclin A-CDK2 complexes. Forms a complex with cyclin type D-CDK4 complexes and is involved in the assembly, stability, and modulation of CCND1-CDK4 complex activation. Acts either as an inhibitor or an activator of cyclin type D-CDK4 complexes depending on its phosphorylation state and/or stoichometry. Belongs to the [...] (197 aa) |
| | Mapk1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (358 aa) |
| | Ep300 | Histone acetyltransferase p300; Functions as histone acetyltransferase and regulates transcription via chromatin remodeling (By similarity). Acetylates all four core histones in nucleosomes (By similarity). Histone acetylation gives an epigenetic tag for transcriptional activation (By similarity). Mediates cAMP-gene regulation by binding specifically to phosphorylated CREB protein. Mediates acetylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-122' (H3K122ac), a modification that localizes at the surface of the histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting nucleosome instability (By [...] (2412 aa) |
| | H2ac1 | Histone H2A; Belongs to the histone H2A family. (129 aa) |
| | Gnai1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signaling cascades. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Signaling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding. The alpha subunit has a low GTPase activity that converts bound GTP to GDP, thereby terminating the signal. Both GDP release and GTP hydrolysis are modulated by numer [...] (354 aa) |
| | H3c7 | Histone H3.2; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (136 aa) |
| | H2bu2 | Histone H2B type 3-A; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | Gng8 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. This subunit may have a very specific role in the development and turnover of olfactory and vomeronasal neurons. (70 aa) |
| | H3c8 | Histone H3.1; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (136 aa) |
| | Ncoa1 | Nuclear receptor coactivator 1; Nuclear receptor coactivator that directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone- dependent fashion. Involved in the coactivation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (PGR, GR and ER), retinoids (RXRs), thyroid hormone (TRs) and prostanoids (PPARs). Also involved in coactivation mediated by STAT3, STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 transcription factors. Displays histone acetyltransferase activity toward H3 and H4; the relevance of such activity remains however unclear. Plays a central role in creating m [...] (1405 aa) |
| | H4c11 | Histone H4; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (103 aa) |
| | S1pr3 | Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3; Receptor for the lysosphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is a bioactive lysophospholipid that elicits diverse physiological effect on most types of cells and tissues. (378 aa) |
| | Ncoa3 | Nuclear receptor coactivator 3; Nuclear receptor coactivator that directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone- dependent fashion. Plays a central role in creating a multisubunit coactivator complex, probably via remodeling of chromatin. Involved in the coactivation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (GR and ER), retinoids (RARs and RXRs), thyroid hormone (TRs), vitamin D3 (VDR) and prostanoids (PPARs). Displays histone acetyltransferase activity. Also involved in the coactivation of the NF-kappa-B pathway via its interac [...] (1403 aa) |
| | Gtf2f2 | General transcription factor IIF subunit 2; TFIIF is a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the initiation complex in collaboration with TFIIB. It promotes transcription elongation. This subunit shows ATP-dependent DNA-helicase activity (By similarity). (249 aa) |
| | H2bc21 | Histone H2B type 2-E; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | H2bc15 | Histone H2B type 1-F/J/L; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | Src | Neuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. Due to functional redun [...] (541 aa) |
| | Hsp90aa1 | Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha; Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity which is essential for its chaperone activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co-chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. Engages with a ra [...] (733 aa) |
| | Shc1 | SHC-transforming protein 1; Signaling adapter that couples activated growth factor receptors to signaling pathways. Participates in signaling downstream of the angiopoietin receptor TEK/TIE2, and plays a role in the regulation of endothelial cell migration and sprouting angiogenesis (By similarity). Participates in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Isoform p47Shc and isoform p52Shc, once phosphorylated, couple activated receptor kinases to Ras via the recruitment of the GRB2/SOS complex and are implicated in the cytoplasmic propagation of mitogenic signals. [...] (579 aa) |
| | Gng3 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (75 aa) |
| | Polr2g | DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB7; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB7 is part of a subcomplex with RPB4 that binds to a pocket formed by RPB1, RPB2 and RPB6 at the base of the clamp element. The RBP4-RPB7 subcomplex seems [...] (172 aa) |
| | Gng7 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. Plays a role in the regulation of adenylyl cyclase signaling in certain regions of the brain. Plays a role in the formation or stabilzation of a G protein heterotrimer (G(olf) subunit alpha-beta-gamma-7) that is required for adenylyl cyclase activity in t [...] (69 aa) |
| | H2bc3 | Histone H2B type 1-B; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | Cited1 | Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator 1; Transcriptional coactivator of the p300/CBP-mediated transcription complex. Enhances SMAD-mediated transcription by strengthening the functional link between the DNA-binding SMAD transcription factors and the p300/CBP transcription coactivator complex. Stimulates estrogen-dependent transactivation activity mediated by estrogen receptors signaling; stabilizes the interaction of estrogen receptor ESR1 and histone acetyltransferase EP300. Positively regulates TGF-beta signaling through its association with the SMAD/p300/CBP-mediated transcriptional c [...] (203 aa) |
| | Xpo1 | Exportin-1; Mediates the nuclear export of cellular proteins (cargos) bearing a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) and of RNAs. In the nucleus, in association with RANBP3, binds cooperatively to the NES on its target protein and to the GTPase Ran in its active GTP-bound form. Docking of this complex to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is mediated through binding to nucleoporins. Upon transit of a nuclear export complex into the cytoplasm, disassembling of the complex and hydrolysis of Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP (induced by RANBP1 and RANGAP1, respectively) cause release of the cargo from t [...] (1071 aa) |
| | Pdpk1 | 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as a master kinase, phosphorylating and activating a subgroup of the AGC family of protein kinases. Its targets include: protein kinase B (PKB/AKT1, PKB/AKT2, PKB/AKT3), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KB1), p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2 and RPS6KA3), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACA), protein kinase C (PRKCD and PRKCZ), serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1, SGK2 and SGK3), p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1), protein kinase PKN (PKN1 and PKN2). Plays a central rol [...] (559 aa) |
| | Gata3 | Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3; Transcriptional activator which binds to the enhancer of the T-cell receptor alpha and delta genes. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-AGATAG-3'. Required for the T-helper 2 (Th2) differentiation process following immune and inflammatory responses. (443 aa) |
| | Foxo3 | Forkhead box protein O3; Transcriptional activator that recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]TAAA[TC]A-3' and regulates different processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Acts as a positive regulator of autophagy in skeletal muscle: in starved cells, enters the nucleus following dephosphorylation and binds the promoters of autophagy genes, such as GABARAP1L, MAP1LC3B and ATG12, thereby activating their expression, resulting in proteolysis of skeletal muscle proteins. Triggers apoptosis in the absence of survival factors, including neuronal cell death upon oxidative stress [...] (672 aa) |
| | Esr1 | Estrogen receptor; Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE- independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial a [...] (599 aa) |
| | Kdm1a | Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A; Histone demethylase that can demethylate both 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) of histone H3, thereby acting as a coactivator or a corepressor, depending on the context. Acts by oxidizing the substrate by FAD to generate the corresponding imine that is subsequently hydrolyzed. Acts as a corepressor by mediating demethylation of H3K4me, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Demethylates both mono- (H3K4me1) and di-methylated (H3K4me2) H3K4me. May play a role in the repression of neuronal genes. Alone, it is unable to demet [...] (873 aa) |
| | H3f3b | Histone H3.3; Variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide range of nucleosomes in active genes. Constitutes the predominant form of histone H3 in non-dividing cells and is incorporated into chromatin independently of DNA synthesis. Deposited at sites of nucleosomal displacement throughout transcribed genes, suggesting that it represents an epigenetic imprint of transcriptionally active chromatin. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in [...] (136 aa) |
| | Med1 | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 1; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Essential for embryogenes [...] (1575 aa) |
| | Prmt1 | Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1; Arginine methyltransferase that methylates (mono and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues present in proteins such as ESR1, histone H2, H3 and H4, ILF3, HNRNPA1, HNRNPD, NFATC2IP, SUPT5H, TAF15, EWS, HABP4 and SERBP1. Constitutes the main enzyme that mediates monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation of histone H4 'Arg-4' (H4R3me1 and H4R3me2a, respectively), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation (By similarity). Methylates H4R3 in genes involved in glioblastomagenesis in a CHTOP- and/or TET1 [...] (371 aa) |
| | Akt2 | RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT2 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinases, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the [...] (481 aa) |
| | Polr2c | DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB3 is part of the core element with the central large cleft and the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft (By similarity). (275 aa) |
| | Ptk2 | Focal adhesion kinase 1; Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating cell migration, adhesion, spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation and disassembly of focal adhesions and cell protrusions, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Required for early embryonic development and placenta development. Required for embryonic angiogenesis, normal cardiomyocyte migration and proliferation, and normal heart development. Regulates axon growth and neuronal cell migration, axon branching and synapse formation; required f [...] (1052 aa) |
| | H2bc12 | Histone H2B type 1-K; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | Hist1h2bp | Histone H2B type 1-P; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (138 aa) |
| | Akt3 | RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT3 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT3 is the least studied AKT isoform. It plays an important role in brain development and is crucial fo [...] (479 aa) |
| | Kat5 | Histone acetyltransferase KAT5; Catalytic subunit of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A (By similarity). This modification may both alter nucleosome-DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription (By similarity). This complex may be required for the activation of transcriptional programs associated with oncogene and proto-oncogene mediated growth induction, tumor suppressor me [...] (513 aa) |
| | Fkbp5 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP5; Immunophilin protein with PPIase and co-chaperone activities. Component of unligated steroid receptors heterocomplexes through interaction with heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90). Plays a role in the intracellular trafficking of heterooligomeric forms of steroid hormone receptors maintaining the complex into the cytoplasm when unliganded. Acts as a regulator of Akt/AKT1 activity by promoting the interaction between Akt/AKT1 and PHLPP1, thereby enhancing dephosphorylation and subsequent activation of Akt/AKT1. (456 aa) |
| | Btc | Probetacellulin; Growth factor that binds to EGFR, ERBB4 and other EGF receptor family members. Potent mitogen for retinal pigment epithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. (177 aa) |
| | Nrip1 | Nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1; Modulates transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors such as NR2C1, thyroid hormone receptor and retinoic acid receptor/RARA. Essential for cumulus expansion and follicle rupture during ovulation. Also controls the balance between fat accumulation and energy expenditure. Positive regulator of the circadian clock gene expression: stimulates transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1, CLOCK and CRY1 by acting as a coactivator for RORA and RORC. Involved in the regulation of ovarian function. Plays a role in renal development. (1161 aa) |
| | Gtf2a2 | Transcription initiation factor IIA subunit 2; TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation. TFIIA in a complex with TBP mediates transcriptional activity (By similarity). (109 aa) |
| | Gng5 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (68 aa) |
| | Erbb4 | Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4; Tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role as cell surface receptor for neuregulins and EGF family members and regulates development of the heart, the central nervous system and the mammary gland, gene transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Required for normal cardiac muscle differentiation during embryonic development, and for postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Required for normal development of the embryonic central nervous system, especially for normal neural crest cell migration and normal [...] (1292 aa) |
| | Strn | Striatin; Binds calmodulin in a calcium dependent manner. May function as scaffolding or signaling protein; Belongs to the WD repeat striatin family. (780 aa) |
| | Gnb4 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa) |
| | Tle3 | Transducin-like enhancer protein 3; Transcriptional corepressor that binds to a number of transcription factors. Inhibits the transcriptional activation mediated by CTNNB1 and TCF family members in Wnt signaling. The effects of full- length TLE family members may be modulated by association with dominant-negative AES (By similarity). May play an important role during spermatogenesis. (782 aa) |
| | Tbp | TATA-box-binding protein; General transcription factor that functions at the core of the DNA-binding multiprotein factor TFIID. Binding of TFIID to the TATA box is the initial transcriptional step of the pre-initiation complex (PIC), playing a role in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Component of a BRF2-containing transcription factor complex that regulates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III. Component of the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex, which is involved in the assembly of the PIC (pre-initiation complex) during RNA polymerase [...] (316 aa) |
| | Greb1 | Protein GREB1; May play a role in estrogen-stimulated cell proliferation. Belongs to the GREB1 family. (1954 aa) |
| | Gng2 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (71 aa) |
| | Usf1 | Upstream stimulatory factor 1; Transcription factor that binds to a symmetrical DNA sequence (E-boxes) (5'-CACGTG-3') that is found in a variety of viral and cellular promoters. (310 aa) |
| | Ccnt1 | Cyclin-T1; Regulatory subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase pair (CDK9/cyclin-T1) complex, also called positive transcription elongation factor B (P-TEFb), which is proposed to facilitate the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD (C- terminal domain) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). (724 aa) |
| | Gnb1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction (By similarity). (340 aa) |
| | Sphk1 | Sphingosine kinase 1; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on D-erythro-sphingosine and to a lesser extent sphinganine, but not other lipids, such as D,L-threo- dihydrosphingosine, N,N-dimethylsphingosine, diacylglycerol, ceramide, or phosphatidylinositol. In contrast to proapoptotic SPHK2, has a negative effect on intracellular ceramide levels, enhances cell growth and inhibits apoptosis. Involved in the regulation of inflammatory response and neuroinflammation. Via [...] (388 aa) |
| | Gng13 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (67 aa) |
| | Usf2 | Upstream stimulatory factor 2; Transcription factor that binds to a symmetrical DNA sequence (E-boxes) (5'-CACGTG-3') that is found in a variety of viral and cellular promoters. (346 aa) |
| | H2bc18 | Histone H2B type 2-B; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | Pgr | Progesterone receptor; The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Depending on the isoform, progesterone receptor functions as transcriptional activator or repressor. [Isoform B]: Transcriptional activator of several progesteron-dependent promoters in a variety of cell types. Involved in activation of SRC-dependent MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation. Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (926 aa) |
| | Gnb5 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5; Enhances GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, hence involved in the termination of the signaling initiated by the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) by accelerating the GTP hydrolysis on the G-alpha subunits, thereby promoting their inactivation (Probable). Increases RGS9 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity, hence contributes to the deactivation of G protein signaling initiated by D(2) dopamine receptors (By similarity). May play an important role in neuronal signaling, incl [...] (395 aa) |
| | Esr2 | Estrogen receptor beta; Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1 (ER-alpha), and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner. May play a role in ovarian follicular growth and maturation; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (567 aa) |
| | H2bc9 | Histone H2B type 1-H; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | Polr2f | DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2; DNA-dependent RNA polymerases catalyze the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non- coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. In Pol II, POLR2F/RPB6 is part of the [...] (127 aa) |
