STRINGSTRING
Sox9 Sox9 Loxl3 Loxl3 Col1a1 Col1a1 Acp2 Acp2 Smg9 Smg9 Chrd Chrd Plxnd1 Plxnd1 Traf4 Traf4 Col2a1 Col2a1 Hes7 Hes7 Brd2 Brd2 Fosl1 Fosl1 Clec3b Clec3b Ssbp3 Ssbp3 Psph Psph Lfng Lfng Acan Acan Adm Adm Eif2ak3 Eif2ak3 Cep57 Cep57 Lasp1 Lasp1 Rpgrip1l Rpgrip1l Mycn Mycn Pthlh Pthlh Gas2l2 Gas2l2 Nkx3-2 Nkx3-2 Foxc1 Foxc1 Fzd9 Fzd9 Gli2 Gli2 Foxc2 Foxc2 Gulo Gulo Chtop Chtop Npr3 Npr3 Mdfi Mdfi Bmper Bmper Col4a3bp Col4a3bp Pth Pth Sh3pxd2a Sh3pxd2a Noto Noto Tbx6 Tbx6 Morc2a Morc2a Psen1 Psen1 Sp3 Sp3 Nrarp Nrarp Hgs Hgs B9d2 B9d2 Nfix Nfix Pax1 Pax1 Vangl2 Vangl2 Arhgap1 Arhgap1 Etl4 Etl4 Enpp1 Enpp1 4933434E20Rik 4933434E20Rik Hspg2 Hspg2 Cacna2d2 Cacna2d2 Fgfr3 Fgfr3 Uncx Uncx Gas1 Gas1 Tbx1 Tbx1
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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Sox9Transcription factor SOX-9; Transcriptional regulator that plays a role in chondrocytes differentiation and skeletal development. Binds to the COL2A1 promoter and activates COL2A1 expression, as part of a complex with ZNF219. (507 aa)
Loxl3Lysyl oxidase homolog 3; Protein-lysine 6-oxidase that mediates the oxidation of peptidyl lysine residues to allysine in target proteins. Catalyzes the post-translational oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors of elastin and different types of collagens, a prerequisite in the formation of cross- links between collagens and elastin. Required for somite boundary formation by catalyzing oxidation of fibronectin (FN1), enhancing integrin signaling in myofibers and their adhesion to the myotendinous junction (MTJ). Acts as a regulator of inflammatory response by inh [...] (754 aa)
Col1a1Collagen alpha-1(I) chain; Type I collagen is a member of group I collagen (fibrillar forming collagen); Belongs to the fibrillar collagen family. (1453 aa)
Acp2Lysosomal acid phosphatase. (423 aa)
Smg9Protein SMG9; Involved in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons. Is recruited by release factors to stalled ribosomes together with SMG1 and SMG8 (forming the SMG1C protein kinase complex) and, in the SMG1C complex, is required for the efficient association between SMG1 and SMG8 (By similarity). Plays a role in brain, heart, and eye development. (520 aa)
ChrdChordin; Dorsalizing factor. Key developmental protein that dorsalizes early vertebrate embryonic tissues by binding to ventralizing TGF-beta family bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and sequestering them in latent complexes. (948 aa)
Plxnd1Plexin-D1; Cell surface receptor for SEMA4A and for class 3 semaphorins, such as SEMA3A, SEMA3C and SEMA3E. Plays an important role in cell-cell signaling, and in regulating the migration of a wide spectrum of cell types. Regulates the migration of thymocytes in the medulla. Regulates endothelial cell migration. Plays an important role in ensuring the specificity of synapse formation. Mediates anti-angiogenic signaling in response to SEMA3E. Required for normal development of the heart and vasculature. (1925 aa)
Traf4TNF receptor-associated factor 4; Adapter protein and signal transducer that links members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family to different signaling pathways. Plays a role in the activation of NF-kappa-B and JNK, and in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. Regulates activation of NF-kappa-B in response to signaling through Toll-like receptors. Required for activation of RPS6KB1 in response to TNF signaling. Modulates TRAF6 functions (By similarity). Required for normal skeleton development, and for normal development of the respiratory tract. (470 aa)
Col2a1Collagen alpha-1(II) chain; Type II collagen is specific for cartilaginous tissues. It is essential for the normal embryonic development of the skeleton, for linear growth and for the ability of cartilage to resist compressive forces. (1487 aa)
Hes7Transcription factor HES-7; Transcriptional repressor. Represses transcription from both N box- and E box-containing promoters. May with HES1, cooperatively regulate somite formation in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). May function as a segmentation clock, which is essential for coordinated somite segmentation. (225 aa)
Brd2Bromodomain-containing protein 2; Binds hyperacetylated chromatin and plays a role in the regulation of transcription, probably by chromatin remodeling. Regulates transcription of the CCND1 gene. Plays a role in nucleosome assembly (By similarity). May play a role in spermatogenesis or folliculogenesis. (798 aa)
Fosl1Fos-related antigen 1; Belongs to the bZIP family. Fos subfamily. (273 aa)
Clec3bTetranectin; Tetranectin binds to plasminogen and to isolated kringle 4. May be involved in the packaging of molecules destined for exocytosis (By similarity). (202 aa)
Ssbp3Single-stranded DNA-binding protein 3; May be involved in transcription regulation of the alpha 2(I) collagen gene where it binds to the single-stranded polypyrimidine sequences in the promoter region. (388 aa)
PsphPhosphoserine phosphatase; Catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of serine from carbohydrates. The reaction mechanism proceeds via the formation of a phosphoryl-enzyme intermediates (By similarity); Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. SerB family. (225 aa)
LfngBeta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase lunatic fringe; Glycosyltransferase that initiates the elongation of O-linked fucose residues attached to EGF-like repeats in the extracellular domain of Notch molecules. Modulates NOTCH1 activity by modifying O- fucose residues at specific EGF-like domains resulting in inhibition of NOTCH1 activation by JAG1 and enhancement of NOTCH1 activation by DLL1 via an increase in its binding to DLL1. Decreases the binding of JAG1 to NOTCH2 but not that of DLL1 (By similarity). Essential mediator of somite segmentation and patterning. During somite bound [...] (378 aa)
AcanAggrecan core protein; This proteoglycan is a major component of extracellular matrix of cartilagenous tissues. A major function of this protein is to resist compression in cartilage. It binds avidly to hyaluronic acid via an N-terminal globular region. May play a regulatory role in the matrix assembly of the cartilage. (2132 aa)
AdmProadrenomedullin N-20 terminal peptide; AM and PAMP are potent hypotensive and vasodilatator agents; Belongs to the adrenomedullin family. (184 aa)
Eif2ak3Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3; Metabolic-stress sensing protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2- alpha/EIF2S1) on 'Ser-52' during the unfolded protein response (UPR) and in response to low amino acid availability. Converts phosphorylated eIF-2-alpha/EIF2S1 either in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to a reduced overall utilization of amino acids, or to a translation initiation activator of specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activator ATF4, and hence allowing ATF4-mediated [...] (1114 aa)
Cep57Centrosomal protein of 57 kDa; Centrosomal protein which may be required for microtubule attachment to centrosomes. May act by forming ring-like structures around microtubules. Mediates nuclear translocation and mitogenic activity of the internalized growth factor FGF2. (500 aa)
Lasp1LIM and SH3 domain protein 1; Plays an important role in the regulation of dynamic actin- based, cytoskeletal activities. Agonist-dependent changes in LASP1 phosphorylation may also serve to regulate actin-associated ion transport activities, not only in the parietal cell but also in certain other F-actin-rich secretory epithelial cell types (By similarity). (263 aa)
Rpgrip1lProtein fantom; Negatively regulates signaling through the G-protein coupled thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R) (By similarity). May be involved in mechanisms like programmed cell death, craniofacial development, patterning of the limbs, and formation of the left-right axis. Involved in the organization of apical junctions; the function is proposed to implicate a NPHP1-4-8 module. Does not seem to be strictly required for ciliogenesis (By similarity). Involved in establishment of planar cell polarity such as in cochlear sensory epithelium and is proposed to implicate stabilization of dis [...] (1264 aa)
MycnN-myc proto-oncogene protein; Positively regulates the transcription of MYCNOS in neuroblastoma cells. (462 aa)
PthlhParathyroid hormone-related protein; Neuroendocrine peptide which is a critical regulator of cellular and organ growth, development, migration, differentiation and survival and of epithelial calcium ion transport. Regulates endochondral bone development and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during the formation of the mammary glands and teeth. Required for skeletal homeostasis. Promotes mammary mesenchyme differentiation and bud outgrowth by modulating mesenchymal cell responsiveness to BMPs. Upregulates BMPR1A expression in the mammary mesenchyme and this increases the sensitivity o [...] (175 aa)
Gas2l2GAS2-like protein 2; Involved in the cross-linking of microtubules and microfilaments (By similarity). Regulates microtubule dynamics and stability by interacting with microtubule plus-end tracking proteins, such as MAPRE1, to regulate microtubule growth along actin stress fibers (By similarity). Enhances ADORA2-mediated adenylyl cyclase activation by acting as a scaffold to recruit trimeric G-protein complexes to ADORA2A. Regulates ciliary orientation and performance in cells located in the airway. (860 aa)
Nkx3-2Homeobox protein Nkx-3.2; Transcriptional repressor that acts as a negative regulator of chondrocyte maturation. PLays a role in distal stomach development; required for proper antral-pyloric morphogenesis and development of antral-type epithelium. In concert with GSC, defines the structural components of the middle ear; required for tympanic ring and gonium development and in the regulation of the width of the malleus. Belongs to the NK-3 homeobox family. (333 aa)
Foxc1Forkhead box protein C1; DNA-binding transcriptional factor that plays a role in a broad range of cellular and developmental processes such as eye, bones, cardiovascular, kidney and skin development. Acts either as a transcriptional activator or repressor. Binds to the consensus binding site 5'-[G/C][A/T]AAA[T/C]AA[A/C]-3' in promoter of target genes. Upon DNA-binding, promotes DNA bending. Acts as a transcriptional coactivator. Stimulates Indian hedgehog (Ihh)-induced target gene expression mediated by the transcription factor GLI2, and hence regulates endochondral ossification. Acts [...] (553 aa)
Fzd9Frizzled-9; Receptor for WNT2 that is coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes (By similarity). Plays a role in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) assembly by negatively regulating the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) through the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway. May play a role in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) viability through the beta- catenin canonical signaling pathway by negatively regulating cell [...] (592 aa)
Gli2Zinc finger protein GLI2; Functions as transcription regulator in the hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Functions as transcriptional activator. May also function as transcriptional repressor. Requires STK36 for full transcriptional activator activity. Binds to the DNA sequence 5'-GAACCACCCA-3' which is part of the TRE-2S regulatory element (By similarity). Is involved in the smoothened (SHH) signaling pathway. Required for normal skeleton development. Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (1544 aa)
Foxc2Forkhead box protein C2; Transcriptional activator. Might be involved in the formation of special mesenchymal tissues. (494 aa)
GuloL-gulonolactone oxidase; Oxidizes L-gulono-1,4-lactone to hydrogen peroxide and L- xylo-hexulonolactone which spontaneously isomerizes to L-ascorbate. Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (440 aa)
ChtopChromatin target of PRMT1 protein; Plays an important role in the ligand-dependent activation of estrogen receptor target genes (By similarity). May play a role in the silencing of fetal globin genes. Recruits the 5FMC complex to ZNF148, leading to desumoylation of ZNF148 and subsequent transactivation of ZNF148 target genes. Required for the tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells. Binds to 5- hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and associates with the methylosome complex containing PRMT1, PRMT5, MEP50 and ERH. The CHTOP-methylosome complex associated with 5hmC methylates H4R3 and transactivate [...] (249 aa)
Npr3Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 3; Receptor for the natriuretic peptide hormones, binding with similar affinities atrial natriuretic peptide NPPA/ANP, brain natriuretic peptide NPPB/BNP, and C-type natriuretic peptide NPPC/CNP. May function as a clearance receptor for NPPA, NPPB and NPPC, regulating their local concentrations and effects. May regulate diuresis, blood pressure and skeletal development. Does not have guanylate cyclase activity. (536 aa)
MdfiMyoD family inhibitor; Inhibits the transactivation activity of the Myod family of myogenic factors and represses myogenesis. Acts by associating with Myod family members and retaining them in the cytoplasm by masking their nuclear localization signals. Can also interfere with the DNA- binding activity of Myod family members. Plays an important role in trophoblast and chondrogenic differentiation. Regulates the transcriptional activity of TCF7L1/TCF3 by interacting directly with TCF7L1/TCF3 and preventing it from binding DNA. Binds to the axin complex, resulting in an increase in the l [...] (246 aa)
BmperBMP-binding endothelial regulator protein; Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) function, it may regulate BMP responsiveness of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. (685 aa)
Col4a3bpCeramide transfer protein; Shelters ceramides and diacylglycerol lipids inside its START domain and mediates the intracellular trafficking of ceramides and diacylglycerol lipids in a non-vesicular manner. (624 aa)
PthParathyroid hormone; PTH elevates calcium level by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion; Belongs to the parathyroid hormone family. (115 aa)
Sh3pxd2aSH3 and PX domain-containing protein 2A; Adapter protein involved in invadopodia and podosome formation, extracellular matrix degradation and invasiveness of some cancer cells. Binds matrix metalloproteinases (ADAMs), NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and phosphoinositides. Acts as an organizer protein that allows NOX1- or NOX3-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS localization. In association with ADAM12, mediates the neurotoxic effect of amyloid-beta peptide (By similarity). (1124 aa)
NotoHomeobox protein notochord; Transcription factor that controls node morphogenesis. Acts downstream of both FOXA2 and Brachyury (T) during notochord development. Is essential for cilia formation in the posterior notochord (PNC) and for left-right patterning; acts upstream of FOXJ1 and RFX3 in this process and is required for the expression of various components important for axonemal assembly and function. Plays a role in regulating axial versus paraxial cell fate. Activates the transcription of ciliary proteins C11orf97 homolog, FAM183B and SPACA9 in the embryonic ventral node. (240 aa)
Tbx6T-box transcription factor TBX6; T-box transcription factor that plays an essential role in the determination of the fate of axial stem cells: neural vs mesodermal. Acts in part by down-regulating, a specific enhancer (N1) of SOX2, to inhibit neural development. Seems to play also an essential role in left/right axis determination and acts through effects on Notch signaling around the node as well as through an effect on the morphology and motility of the nodal cilia. (436 aa)
Morc2aATPase MORC2A; Essential for epigenetic silencing by the HUSH complex. Recruited by HUSH to target site in heterochromatin, the ATPase activity and homodimerization are critical for HUSH-mediated silencing (By similarity). Represses germ cell-related genes and L1 retrotransposons in collaboration with SETDB1 and the HUSH complex, the silencing is dependent of repressive epigenetic modifications, such as H3K9me3 mark. Silencing events often occur within introns of transcriptionally active genes, and lead to the down- regulation of host gene expression. During DNA damage response, regula [...] (1030 aa)
Psen1Presenilin-1 CTF subunit; Catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Requires the presence of the other members of the gamma-secretase complex for protease activity (By similarity). Plays a role in Notch and Wnt signaling cascades and regulation of downstream processes via its role in processing key regulatory proteins, and by regulating cytosolic CTNNB1 levels. Stimulates cell-cell adhesion via its interaction with CD [...] (467 aa)
Sp3Transcription factor Sp3; Transcriptional factor that can act as an activator or repressor depending on isoform and/or post-translational modifications. Binds to GT and GC boxes promoter elements. Competes with SP1 for the GC-box promoters. Weak activator of transcription but can activate a number of genes involved in different processes such as cell-cycle regulation, hormone-induction and house-keeping (By similarity). (783 aa)
NrarpNotch-regulated ankyrin repeat-containing protein; Downstream effector of Notch signaling. Involved in the regulation of liver cancer cells self-renewal (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of canonical Wnt signaling by stabilizing LEF1 (By similarity). Involved in angiogenesis acting downstream of Notch at branch points to regulate vascular density. Proposed to integrate endothelial Notch and Wnt signaling to control stalk cell proliferation and to stablilize new endothelial connections during angiogenesis. During somitogenesis involved in maintenance of proper somite segmentat [...] (114 aa)
HgsHepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate; Involved in intracellular signal transduction mediated by cytokines and growth factors. When associated with STAM, it suppresses DNA signaling upon stimulation by IL-2 and GM-CSF. Could be a direct effector of PI3-kinase in vesicular pathway via early endosomes and may regulate trafficking to early and late endosomes by recruiting clathrin. May concentrate ubiquitinated receptors within clathrin- coated regions. Involved in down-regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase via multivesicular body (MVBs) when complexed with STAM (E [...] (776 aa)
B9d2B9 domain-containing protein 2; Component of the tectonic-like complex, a complex localized at the transition zone of primary cilia and acting as a barrier that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes; Belongs to the B9D family. (175 aa)
NfixNuclear factor 1 X-type; Recognizes and binds the palindromic sequence 5'- TTGGCNNNNNGCCAA-3' present in viral and cellular promoters and in the origin of replication of adenovirus type 2. These proteins are individually capable of activating transcription and replication. Isoform NFIX1 acts as a transcriptional activator while isoform NFIX3 acts as a repressor; Belongs to the CTF/NF-I family. (494 aa)
Pax1Paired box protein Pax-1; This protein is a transcriptional activator. It may play a role in the formation of segmented structures of the embryo. May play an important role in the normal development of the vertebral column. (446 aa)
Vangl2Vang-like protein 2; Involved in the control of early morphogenesis and patterning of both axial midline structures and the development of neural plate. Plays a role in the regulation of planar cell polarity, particularly in the orientation of stereociliary bundles in the cochlea. Required for polarization and movement of myocardializing cells in the outflow tract and seems to act via RHOA signaling to regulate this process. Required for cell surface localization of FZD3 and FZD6 in the inner ear. (521 aa)
Arhgap1Rho GTPase-activating protein 1; GTPase activator for the Rho, Rac and Cdc42 proteins, converting them to the putatively inactive GDP-bound state. Cdc42 seems to be the preferred substrate (By similarity). (479 aa)
Etl4Sickle tail protein; Required for normal development of intervertebral disks. (1997 aa)
Enpp1Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1, secreted form; Nucleotide pyrophosphatase that generates diphosphate (PPi) and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification by regulating pyrophosphate levels. PPi inhibits bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification by binding to nascent hydroxyapatite crystals, thereby preventing further growth of these crystals. Preferentially hydrolyzes ATP, but can also hydrolyze other nucleoside 5' triphosphates such as GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release of pyrophosphate [...] (906 aa)
4933434E20RikUncharacterized protein C1orf43 homolog. (253 aa)
Hspg2Basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein; Integral component of basement membranes. Component of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), responsible for the fixed negative electrostatic membrane charge, and which provides a barrier which is both size- and charge-selective. It serves as an attachment substrate for cells. Plays essential roles in vascularization. Critical for normal heart development and for regulating the vascular response to injury. Also required for avascular cartilage development (By similarity). The LG3 peptide has anti-angiogenic propert [...] (4383 aa)
Cacna2d2Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2; The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel. Acts as a regulatory subunit for P/Q- type calcium channel (CACNA1A), N-type (CACNA1B), L-type (CACNA1C OR CACNA1D) and possibly T-type (CACNA1G). (1156 aa)
Fgfr3Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Plays an essential role in the regulation of chondrocyte differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and is required for normal skeleton development. Regulates both osteogenesis and postnatal bone mineralization by osteoblasts. Promotes apoptosis in chondrocytes, but can also promote cancer cell proliferation. Required for normal development of the inner ear. Ph [...] (801 aa)
UncxHomeobox protein unc-4 homolog; Transcription factor involved in somitogenesis and neurogenesis. Required for the maintenance and differentiation of particular elements of the axial skeleton. May act upstream of PAX9. Plays a role in controlling the development of connections of hypothalamic neurons to pituitary elements, allowing central neurons to reach the peripheral blood circulation and to deliver hormones for control of peripheral functions. (530 aa)
Gas1Growth arrest-specific protein 1; Specific growth arrest protein involved in growth suppression. Blocks entry to S phase. Prevents cycling of normal and transformed cells. (384 aa)
Tbx1T-box transcription factor TBX1; Probable transcriptional regulator involved in developmental processes. Is required for normal development of the pharyngeal arch arteries. (488 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
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