STRINGSTRING
Grasp Grasp Npepps Npepps Col1a1 Col1a1 Ppard Ppard Ppp2r5d Ppp2r5d Grk5 Grk5 Grik5 Grik5 Htr3a Htr3a Thop1 Thop1 Hcn1 Hcn1 Rnf170 Rnf170 Ptgds Ptgds Cd274 Cd274 Il10 Il10 Mmp9 Mmp9 Rac3 Rac3 Fxr2 Fxr2 Rars Rars Ptger1 Ptger1 Ifngr1 Ifngr1 Adcy1 Adcy1 Smc6 Smc6 Abcc3 Abcc3 Serpina3n Serpina3n Tshz3 Tshz3 F2rl1 F2rl1 Ptprg Ptprg Ndufs4 Ndufs4 Capn7 Capn7 Cacna2d3 Cacna2d3 Ednrb Ednrb Retreg1 Retreg1 Adcy8 Adcy8 P2rx6 P2rx6 Adamts5 Adamts5 Runx1 Runx1 Sod1 Sod1 Kmt2d Kmt2d Ralbp1 Ralbp1 Caskin1 Caskin1 Bambi Bambi Npc1 Npc1 Gabbr1 Gabbr1 Pitx3 Pitx3 Bbs4 Bbs4 Avil Avil Pde8a Pde8a Il6 Il6 Prkar1b Prkar1b Gria4 Gria4 Slc40a1 Slc40a1 Ppm1f Ppm1f Rgs18 Rgs18 Sephs1 Sephs1 Frzb Frzb P2rx3 P2rx3 Slc12a6 Slc12a6 Hdc Hdc Kcnip3 Kcnip3 Pdyn Pdyn Pcsk2 Pcsk2 Ntsr1 Ntsr1 Mmp24 Mmp24 Stoml3 Stoml3 Slc33a1 Slc33a1 Nras Nras 1700013F07Rik 1700013F07Rik Chrnb2 Chrnb2 Tlr2 Tlr2 Ntrk1 Ntrk1 Nfkb1 Nfkb1 Gabrr1 Gabrr1 Elp1 Elp1 Slc6a9 Slc6a9 Clcn6 Clcn6 Gabrg1 Gabrg1 Gabra4 Gabra4 Uchl1 Uchl1 Aldh2 Aldh2 Tacr1 Tacr1 Slc17a6 Slc17a6 Ctsc Ctsc Calca Calca Tpp1 Tpp1 Cckbr Cckbr Slc9a9 Slc9a9 Aff2 Aff2 Mecp2 Mecp2 Bbs2 Bbs2 B3gnt3 B3gnt3 Bace1 Bace1 Ireb2 Ireb2 Clk1 Clk1 Ptgs2 Ptgs2 Gnaz Gnaz S100a10 S100a10 Trpm8 Trpm8 Mcph1 Mcph1 Cacna1b Cacna1b Kcns1 Kcns1 Elane Elane Vwa1 Vwa1 Faah Faah Abcc4 Abcc4 Hoxd1 Hoxd1 Ptger3 Ptger3 Trpa1 Trpa1 Gria1 Gria1 Nmur2 Nmur2 Ppp1r14c Ppp1r14c Tmem120a Tmem120a Pbx3 Pbx3 Bdkrb1 Bdkrb1 Ndn Ndn Nbl1 Nbl1 Tlr4 Tlr4 Camk4 Camk4 Cpe Cpe Arx Arx Dclk1 Dclk1 Oprd1 Oprd1 Hpcal4 Hpcal4 Hoxb8 Hoxb8 Marveld1 Marveld1 Trpv3 Trpv3 Pomk Pomk Galr2 Galr2 Kcna1 Kcna1 Zfp106 Zfp106 Cnr1 Cnr1 Hoxb13 Hoxb13 Trpc6 Trpc6 Acpp Acpp Ptgs1 Ptgs1 Lxn Lxn Mrgprd Mrgprd Prlhr Prlhr Htr1f Htr1f Flnc Flnc Grm7 Grm7 Chrna4 Chrna4 Penk Penk Lep Lep Madd Madd Oprl1 Oprl1 Trpv4 Trpv4 Grik1 Grik1 Dtnbp1 Dtnbp1 Slc6a2 Slc6a2 Osm Osm Gria2 Gria2 Mysm1 Mysm1 Gria3 Gria3 Ext1 Ext1 Ablim1 Ablim1 Atp1a3 Atp1a3 Kcnd2 Kcnd2 Cdca8 Cdca8 Whrn Whrn Gpr139 Gpr139 Scn10a Scn10a Adora1 Adora1 Git2 Git2 Spp1 Spp1 Trpm3 Trpm3 Gbx1 Gbx1 Fmr1 Fmr1 Agtr2 Agtr2 Tafa4 Tafa4 Lgals1 Lgals1 Ptprz1 Ptprz1 Sema6c Sema6c Dhtkd1 Dhtkd1 Slc5a7 Slc5a7 Hdac4 Hdac4 Mc1r Mc1r Prx Prx Slc12a5 Slc12a5 Htr7 Htr7 Hcn2 Hcn2 Scn9a Scn9a Dolk Dolk Prkcg Prkcg Lmo7 Lmo7 P2rx7 P2rx7 Cdk5r1 Cdk5r1 Trpv1 Trpv1 Ptges Ptges Adora2a Adora2a Esr1 Esr1 Oprm1 Oprm1 Gpr3 Gpr3 Npb Npb Ngf Ngf Rapgefl1 Rapgefl1 Gabbr2 Gabbr2 Arrb2 Arrb2 Dlg4 Dlg4 Shank3 Shank3 Nf2 Nf2 Sstr4 Sstr4 Map4k5 Map4k5 Ntsr2 Ntsr2 Frmpd4 Frmpd4 Pm20d1 Pm20d1 Cacna1c Cacna1c Kif1a Kif1a Nr2c2 Nr2c2 Tsc1 Tsc1 Kmt5b Kmt5b Cntnap2 Cntnap2 Pstpip2 Pstpip2 Fstl1 Fstl1 Arid1b Arid1b Cacna1a Cacna1a Ano1 Ano1 Tafa1 Tafa1 Grm5 Grm5 Ucp2 Ucp2 Ptgir Ptgir Hmgn3 Hmgn3 Mycbp2 Mycbp2 Oprk1 Oprk1 Btbd9 Btbd9 Mgll Mgll Pirt Pirt Ccdc141 Ccdc141 Clp1 Clp1 Chrm2 Chrm2 9430015G10Rik 9430015G10Rik Lpar5 Lpar5 Adgrg1 Adgrg1 Nav2 Nav2 Aspa Aspa Tac1 Tac1 Kcna6 Kcna6 Hivep2 Hivep2 Prrxl1 Prrxl1 Erbin Erbin Gabra2 Gabra2 Grin2a Grin2a Asic3 Asic3 Prokr1 Prokr1 Gnao1 Gnao1 Scn11a Scn11a Esr2 Esr2 Tmprss9 Tmprss9 Rab18 Rab18 Gal Gal
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GraspGeneral receptor for phosphoinositides 1-associated scaffold protein; Plays a role in intracellular trafficking and contributes to the macromolecular organization of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) at synapses. (392 aa)
NpeppsPuromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase; Aminopeptidase with broad substrate specificity for several peptides. Involved in proteolytic events essential for cell growth and viability. May act as regulator of neuropeptide activity. Plays a role in the antigen-processing pathway for MHC class I molecules. Involved in the N-terminal trimming of cytotoxic T-cell epitope precursors. Digests the poly-Q peptides found in many cellular proteins. (920 aa)
Col1a1Collagen alpha-1(I) chain; Type I collagen is a member of group I collagen (fibrillar forming collagen); Belongs to the fibrillar collagen family. (1453 aa)
PpardPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta; Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma- linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand (By similarity). Belongs to the [...] (440 aa)
Ppp2r5dSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit; The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment. Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit. (594 aa)
Grk5G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5; Serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates preferentially the activated forms of a variety of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Such receptor phosphorylation initiates beta-arrestin-mediated receptor desensitization, internalization, and signaling events leading to their down-regulation. Phosphorylates a variety of GPCRs, including adrenergic receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (more specifically Gi-coupled M2/M4 subtypes), dopamine receptors and opioid receptors. In addition to GPCRs, also phosphorylates various substrates: Hsc70-inte [...] (590 aa)
Grik5Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5; Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds kainate > quisqualate = glutamate >> AMPA. (979 aa)
Htr3a5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A; This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor is a ligand- gated ion channel, which when activated causes fast, depolarizing responses in neurons. It is a cation-specific, but otherwise relatively nonselective, ion channel; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (TC 1.A.9.2) subfamily. HTR3A sub- subfamily. (489 aa)
Thop1Thimet oligopeptidase; Involved in the metabolism of neuropeptides under 20 amino acid residues long. Involved in cytoplasmic peptide degradation. Able to degrade the amyloid-beta precursor protein and generate amyloidogenic fragments (By similarity). (687 aa)
Hcn1Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1; Hyperpolarization-activated ion channel exhibiting weak selectivity for potassium over sodium ions. Contributes to the native pacemaker currents in heart (If) and in neurons (Ih). May mediate responses to sour stimuli. (910 aa)
Rnf170E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF170; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an essential role in stimulus-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) ubiquitination and degradation via the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Also involved in ITPR1 turnover in resting cells. (286 aa)
PtgdsProstaglandin-H2 D-isomerase; Catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Involved in a variety of CNS functions, such as sedation, NREM sleep and PGE2-induced allodynia, and may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. Binds small non-substrate lipophilic molecules, including biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone, and may act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophobic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. Possib [...] (189 aa)
Cd274Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; Plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self. As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1/PD-1, modulates the activation threshold of T-cells and limits T-cell effector response. Through a yet unknown activating receptor, may costimulate T-cell subsets that predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL10) ; Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. BTN/MOG family. (290 aa)
Il10Interleukin-10; Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in [...] (178 aa)
Mmp9Matrix metalloproteinase-9; Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase M10A family. (730 aa)
Rac3Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses, such as cell spreading and the formation of actin-based protusions including lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. Promotes cell adhesion and spreading on fibrinogen in a CIB1 and alpha-IIb/beta3 integrin-mediated manner. (192 aa)
Fxr2Fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related protein 2; RNA-binding protein; Belongs to the FMR1 family. (674 aa)
RarsArginine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Forms part of a macromolecular complex that catalyzes the attachment of specific amino acids to cognate tRNAs during protein synthesis. Modulates the secretion of AIMP1 and may be involved in generation of the inflammatory cytokine EMAP2 from AIMP1. (660 aa)
Ptger1Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype; Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(q) proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. May play a role as an important modulator of renal function. Implicated the smooth muscle contractile response to PGE2 in various tissues; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (405 aa)
Ifngr1Interferon gamma receptor 1; Associates with IFNGR2 to form a receptor for the cytokine interferon gamma (IFNG). Ligand binding stimulates activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway (By similarity). (477 aa)
Adcy1Adenylate cyclase type 1; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling. Mediates responses to increased cellular Ca(2+)/calmodulin levels. May be involved in regulatory processes in the central nervous system. May play a role in memory and learning. Plays a role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm of daytime contrast sensitivity probably by modulating the rhythmic synthesis of cyclic AMP in the retina. (1118 aa)
Smc6Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 6; Core component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex, a complex involved in repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination. The complex may promote sister chromatid homologous recombination by recruiting the SMC1-SMC3 cohesin complex to double-strand breaks. The complex is required for telomere maintenance via recombination and mediates sumoylation of shelterin complex (telosome) components (By similarity). (1097 aa)
Abcc3Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2; May act as an inducible transporter in the biliary and intestinal excretion of organic anions. Acts as an alternative route for the export of bile acids and glucuronides from cholestatic hepatocytes. (1522 aa)
Serpina3nSerine protease inhibitor A3N. (418 aa)
Tshz3Teashirt homolog 3; Transcriptional regulator involved in developmental processes. Functions in association with APBB1, SET and HDAC factors as a transcriptional repressor, that inhibits the expression of CASP4. TSHZ3-mediated transcription repression involves the recruitment of histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2. Associates with chromatin in a region surrounding the CASP4 transcriptional start site(s). Regulates the development of neurons involved in both respiratory rhythm and airflow control. Promotes maintenance of nucleus ambiguus (nA) motoneurons, which govern upper airway func [...] (1081 aa)
F2rl1Proteinase-activated receptor 2; Receptor for trypsin and trypsin-like enzymes coupled to G proteins. Its function is mediated through the activation of several signaling pathways including phospholipase C (PLC), intracellular calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), I-kappaB kinase/NF- kappaB and Rho. Can also be transactivated by cleaved F2r/Par1. Involved in modulation of inflammatory responses and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, and acts as a sensor for proteolytic enzymes generated during infection. Generally is promoting inflammation. Can signal synergistical [...] (399 aa)
PtprgReceptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase gamma; Possesses tyrosine phosphatase activity. (1442 aa)
Ndufs4NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial; Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. (175 aa)
Capn7Calpain-7; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease. (813 aa)
Cacna2d3Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3; The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel. Acts as a regulatory subunit for P/Q- type calcium channel (CACNA1A), N-type (CACNA1B), L-type (CACNA1C OR CACNA1D) but not T-type (CACNA1G). (1091 aa)
EdnrbEndothelin receptor type B; Non-specific receptor for endothelin 1, 2, and 3. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Essential component in the normal development of two neuronal crest-derived cell lineages; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Endothelin receptor subfamily. EDNRB sub-subfamily. (442 aa)
Retreg1Reticulophagy regulator 1; Endoplasmic reticulum-anchored autophagy receptor that mediates ER delivery into lysosomes through sequestration into autophagosomes. Promotes membrane remodeling and ER scission via its membrane bending capacity and targets the fragments into autophagosomes via interaction with ATG8 family proteins. Required for long-term survival of nociceptive and autonomic ganglion neurons. (480 aa)
Adcy8Adenylate cyclase type 8; Catalyzes the formation of cAMP in response to calcium entry leadings to cAMP signaling activation that affect processes suche as synaptic plasticity and insulin secretion. Plays a role in many brain functions, such as learning, memory, drug addiction, and anxiety modulation through regulation of synaptic plasticity by modulating long-term memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) through CREB transcription factor activity modulation. Plays a central role in insulin secretion by controlling glucose homeostasis through glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose signalin [...] (1249 aa)
P2rx6P2X purinoceptor 6; Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated ion channel. (389 aa)
Adamts5A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5; Metalloproteinase that plays an important role in connective tissue organization, development, inflammation, arthritis, and cell migration. ADAMTS5 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading enzyme that show proteolytic activity toward the hyalectan group of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) including aggrecan, versican, brevican and neurocan. Cleavage within the hyalectans occurs at Glu-Xaa recognition motifs. Plays a role in embryonic development, including limb and cardiac morphogenesis, and skeletal muscle de [...] (930 aa)
Runx1Runt-related transcription factor 1; Forms the heterodimeric complex core-binding factor (CBF) with CBFB. RUNX members modulate the transcription of their target genes through recognizing the core consensus binding sequence 5'- TGTGGT-3', or very rarely, 5'-TGCGGT-3', within their regulatory regions via their runt domain, while CBFB is a non-DNA-binding regulatory subunit that allosterically enhances the sequence-specific DNA-binding capacity of RUNX. The heterodimers bind to the core site of a number of enhancers and promoters, including murine leukemia virus, polyomavirus enhancer, T [...] (465 aa)
Sod1Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems; Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family. (154 aa)
Kmt2dHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me). H3K4me represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Acts as a coactivator for estrogen receptor by being recruited by ESR1, thereby activating transcription. (5588 aa)
Ralbp1RalA-binding protein 1; Can activate specifically hydrolysis of GTP bound to RAC1 and CDC42, but not RALA. Mediates ATP-dependent transport of S-(2,4- dinitrophenyl)-glutathione (DNP-SG) and doxorubicin (DOX) and is the major ATP-dependent transporter of glutathione conjugates of electrophiles (GS-E) and DOX in erythrocytes. Can catalyze transport of glutathione conjugates and xenobiotics, and may contribute to the multidrug resistance phenomenon. Serves as a scaffold protein that brings together proteins forming an endocytotic complex during interphase and also with CDK1 to switch off [...] (648 aa)
Caskin1Caskin-1; May link the scaffolding protein CASK to downstream intracellular effectors. (1431 aa)
BambiBMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog; Negatively regulates TGF-beta signaling. (260 aa)
Npc1NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1; Intracellular cholesterol transporter which acts in concert with NPC2 and plays an important role in the egress of cholesterol from the endosomal/lysosomal compartment. Unesterified cholesterol that has been released from LDLs in the lumen of the late endosomes/lysosomes is transferred by NPC2 to the cholesterol-binding pocket in the N-terminal domain of NPC1. Cholesterol binds to NPC1 with the hydroxyl group buried in the binding pocket (By similarity). May play a role in vesicular trafficking in glia, a process that may be crucial for main [...] (1277 aa)
Gabbr1Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1; Component of a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor for GABA, formed by GABBR1 and GABBR2. Within the heterodimeric GABA receptor, only GABBR1 seems to bind agonists, while GABBR2 mediates coupling to G proteins (By similarity). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase, stimulates phospholipase A2, activates potassium channels, inactivate [...] (960 aa)
Pitx3Pituitary homeobox 3; Transcriptional regulator which is important for the differentiation and maintenance of meso-diencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons during development. In addition to its importance during development, it also has roles in the long-term survival and maintenance of the mdDA neurons. Activates NR4A2/NURR1-mediated transcription of genes such as SLC6A3, SLC18A2, TH and DRD2 which are essential for development of mdDA neurons. Acts by decreasing the interaction of NR4A2/NURR1 with the corepressor NCOR2/SMRT which acts through histone deacetylases (HDACs) to keep pro [...] (302 aa)
Bbs4Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4 protein homolog; The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Firstly the BBSome associates with the ciliary membrane and binds to RAB3IP/Rabin8, the gua [...] (520 aa)
AvilAdvillin; Ca(2+)-regulated actin-binding protein. May have a unique function in the morphogenesis of neuronal cells which form ganglia. Required for SREC1-mediated regulation of neurite-like outgrowth. Plays a role in regenerative sensory axon outgrowth and remodeling processes after peripheral injury in neonates. Involved in the formation of long fine actin-containing filopodia-like structures in fibroblast. Plays a role in ciliogenesis; Belongs to the villin/gelsolin family. (819 aa)
Pde8aHigh affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A; Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. May be involved in maintaining basal levels of the cyclic nucleotide and/or in the cAMP regulation of germ cell development. Binding to RAF1 reduces RAF1 'Ser- 259' inhibitory-phosphorylation and stimulates RAF1-dependent EGF- activated ERK-signaling. Protects against cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide and staurosporine. (823 aa)
Il6Interleukin-6; Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasm [...] (211 aa)
Prkar1bcAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit; Regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases involved in cAMP signaling in cells. (381 aa)
Gria4Glutamate receptor 4; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (902 aa)
Slc40a1Solute carrier family 40 member 1; May be involved in iron export from duodenal epithelial cell and also in transfer of iron between maternal and fetal circulation. Mediates iron efflux in the presence of a ferroxidase (hephaestin and/or ceruloplasmin). (570 aa)
Ppm1fProtein phosphatase 1F; Dephosphorylates and concomitantly deactivates CaM-kinase II activated upon autophosphorylation, and CaM-kinases IV and I activated upon phosphorylation by CaM-kinase kinase. Promotes apoptosis (By similarity). (452 aa)
Rgs18Regulator of G-protein signaling 18; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Binds to G(i) alpha-1, G(i) alpha-2, G(i) alpha-3 and G(q) alpha. (235 aa)
Sephs1Selenide, water dikinase 1; Synthesizes selenophosphate from selenide and ATP; Belongs to the selenophosphate synthase 1 family. Class II subfamily. (392 aa)
FrzbSecreted frizzled-related protein 3; Soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPS) function as modulators of Wnt signaling through direct interaction with Wnts. They have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in specific cell types. SFRP3/FRZB appears to be involved in limb skeletogenesis. Antagonist of Wnt8 signaling. Regulates chondrocyte maturation and long bone development (By similarity). (323 aa)
P2rx3P2X purinoceptor 3; Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated cation channel (By similarity). Plays a role in sensory perception. Required for normal perception of pain. Required for normal taste perception ; Belongs to the P2X receptor family. (397 aa)
Slc12a6Solute carrier family 12 member 6; Mediates electroneutral potassium-chloride cotransport. May be activated by cell swelling. May contribute to cell volume homeostasis in single cells; Belongs to the SLC12A transporter family. (1150 aa)
HdcHistidine decarboxylase; Catalyzes the biosynthesis of histamine from histidine. (662 aa)
Kcnip3Calsenilin; Calcium-dependent transcriptional repressor that binds to the DRE element of genes including PDYN and FOS. Affinity for DNA is reduced upon binding to calcium and enhanced by binding to magnesium. Seems to be involved in nociception. May play a role in the regulation of PSEN2 proteolytic processing and apoptosis. Together with PSEN2 involved in modulation of amyloid-beta formation (By similarity). (284 aa)
PdynAlpha-neoendorphin; Leu-enkephalins compete with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress (By similarity). Leumorphin has a typical opiod activity and may have anti- apoptotic effect. (248 aa)
Pcsk2Neuroendocrine convertase 2; Involved in the processing of hormone and other protein precursors at sites comprised of pairs of basic amino acid residues. Responsible for the release of glucagon from proglucagon in pancreatic A cells (By similarity). (637 aa)
Ntsr1Neurotensin receptor type 1; G-protein coupled receptor for the tridecapeptide neurotensin (NTS). Signaling is effected via G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Signaling leads to the activation of downstream MAP kinases and protects cells against apoptosis. (424 aa)
Mmp24Processed matrix metalloproteinase-24; Metalloprotease that mediates cleavage of N-cadherin (CDH2) and acts as a regulator of neuro-immune interactions and neural stem cell quiescence. Involved in cell- cell interactions between nociceptive neurites and mast cells, possibly by mediating cleavage of CDH2, thereby acting as a mediator of peripheral thermal nociception and inflammatory hyperalgesia. Key regulator of neural stem cells quiescence by mediating cleavage of CDH2, affecting CDH2-mediated anchorage of neural stem cells to ependymocytes in the adult subependymal zone, leading to [...] (618 aa)
Stoml3Stomatin-like protein 3; Required for the function of many mechanoreceptors. Modulate mechanotransduction channels and acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC) proteins. Potentiates PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 function by increasing their sensitivity to mechanical stimulations. (287 aa)
Slc33a1Acetyl-coenzyme A transporter 1; Probable acetyl-CoA transporter necessary for O-acetylation of gangliosides. Negatively regulates BMP signaling (By similarity); Belongs to the SLC33A transporter family. (550 aa)
NrasGTPase NRas; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (189 aa)
1700013F07RikProtein C1orf194 homolog; May play an important role for the maintenance of myelin-axon integrity. May affect intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis (By similarity). (168 aa)
Chrnb2Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodiun ions. (501 aa)
Tlr2Toll-like receptor 2; Cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components. Cooperates with TLR1 or TLR6 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (By similarity). May also promote apoptosis in response to lipoproteins (By similarity). Forms activation clusters composed of several receptors depending on the ligand, these clusters trigger signaling from the cell surface [...] (784 aa)
Ntrk1High affinity nerve growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and the maturation of the central and peripheral nervous systems through regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival of sympathetic and nervous neurons. High affinity receptor for NGF which is its primary ligand, it can also bind and be activated by NTF3/neurotrophin-3. However, NTF3 only supports axonal extension through NTRK1 but has no effect on neuron survival. Upon dimeric NGF ligand-binding, undergoes homodimerization, autophosphorylation and activation. Recruits, phosph [...] (799 aa)
Nfkb1Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dime [...] (971 aa)
Gabrr1Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1; GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-1 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission (By similarity). (480 aa)
Elp1Elongator complex protein 1; Component of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, a multiprotein complex associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme, and which is involved in transcriptional elongation. The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). Involved in neurogenesis. Regulates the migration and branching of projection neurons in the developing cerebral cortex, through a process depending on alpha-tubulin acetylation. May act as a scaffold protein that may assemble active IKK-MAP3K14 co [...] (1333 aa)
Slc6a9Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1; Terminates the action of glycine by its high affinity sodium- dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. May play a role in regulation of glycine levels in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission; Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A9 subfamily. (633 aa)
Clcn6Chloride transport protein 6; Chloride transport protein, initially identified as voltage- gated chloride channel. The presence of the conserved gating glutamate residues suggests that is functions as antiporter. (870 aa)
Gabrg1Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1; GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. (465 aa)
Gabra4Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4; GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. (552 aa)
Uchl1Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1; Ubiquitin-protein hydrolase involved both in the processing of ubiquitin precursors and of ubiquitinated proteins (Probable). This enzyme is a thiol protease that recognizes and hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin. Also binds to free monoubiquitin and may prevent its degradation in lysosomes. The homodimer may have ATP-independent ubiquitin ligase activity (By similarity). (223 aa)
Aldh2Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Is capable of converting retinaldehyde to retinoic acid. (519 aa)
Tacr1Substance-P receptor; This is a receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide substance P. It is probably associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinity of this receptor to tachykinins is: substance P > substance K > neuromedin K. (407 aa)
Slc17a6Vesicular glutamate transporter 2; Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. (582 aa)
CtscDipeptidyl peptidase 1 exclusion domain chain; Thiol protease. Has dipeptidylpeptidase activity. Can act as both an exopeptidase and endopeptidase. Can degrade glucagon. Plays a role in the generation of cytotoxic lymphocyte effector function; Belongs to the peptidase C1 family. (462 aa)
CalcaCalcitonin; Causes a rapid but short-lived drop in the level of calcium and phosphate in blood by promoting the incorporation of those ions in the bones. (136 aa)
Tpp1Tripeptidyl-peptidase 1; Lysosomal serine protease with tripeptidyl-peptidase I activity. May act as a non-specific lysosomal peptidase which generates tripeptides from the breakdown products produced by lysosomal proteinases (By similarity). Requires substrates with an unsubstituted N-terminus (By similarity). (562 aa)
CckbrGastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor; Receptor for gastrin and cholecystokinin. The CCK-B receptors occur throughout the central nervous system where they modulate anxiety, analgesia, arousal, and neuroleptic activity. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system (By similarity). Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (453 aa)
Slc9a9Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9; May act in electroneutral exchange of protons for Na(+) across membranes. Involved in the effusion of Golgi luminal H(+) in exchange for cytosolic cations. Involved in organelle ion homeostasis by contributing to the maintenance of the unique acidic pH values of the Golgi and post-Golgi compartments in the cell (By similarity). Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family. (644 aa)
Aff2AF4/FMR2 family member 2; RNA-binding protein. Might be involved in alternative splicing regulation through an interaction with G-quartet RNA structure; Belongs to the AF4 family. (1272 aa)
Mecp2Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2; Chromosomal protein that binds to methylated DNA. It can bind specifically to a single methyl-CpG pair. It is not influenced by sequences flanking the methyl-CpGs. Mediates transcriptional repression through interaction with histone deacetylase and the corepressor SIN3. Binds both 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)- containing DNA, with a preference for 5-methylcytosine (5mC). (501 aa)
Bbs2Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2 protein homolog; The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Firstly the BBSome associates with the ciliary membrane and binds to RAB3IP/Rabin8, the gua [...] (721 aa)
B3gnt3N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3; Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase involved in the synthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine. Has activity for type 2 oligosaccharides. Also acts as a core1-1,3-N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Core1-beta3GlcNAcT) to form the 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x on extended core1 O-glycans. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family. (372 aa)
Bace1Beta-secretase 1; Responsible for the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Cleaves at the N-terminus of the A-beta peptide sequence, between residues 671 and 672 of APP, leads to the generation and extracellular release of beta-cleaved soluble APP, and a corresponding cell-associated C-terminal fragment which is later released by gamma-secretase. Cleaves CHL1. (501 aa)
Ireb2Iron-responsive element-binding protein 2; RNA-binding protein that binds to iron-responsive elements (IRES), which are stem-loop structures found in the 5'-UTR of ferritin, and delta aminolevulinic acid synthase mRNAs, and in the 3'-UTR of transferrin receptor mRNA. Binding to the IRE element in ferritin results in the repression of its mRNA translation. Binding of the protein to the transferrin receptor mRNA inhibits the degradation of this otherwise rapidly degraded mRNA. (963 aa)
Clk1Dual specificity protein kinase CLK1; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine and tyrosine-containing substrates. Phosphorylates serine- and arginine- rich (SR) proteins of the spliceosomal complex and may be a constituent of a network of regulatory mechanisms that enable SR proteins to control RNA splicing. Phosphorylates: SRSF1, SRSF3 and PTPN1. Regulates the alternative splicing of tissue factor (F3) pre-mRNA in endothelial cells and adenovirus E1A pre-mRNA. (483 aa)
Ptgs2Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2; Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays imp [...] (604 aa)
GnazGuanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. (355 aa)
S100a10Protein S100-A10; Because S100A10 induces the dimerization of ANXA2/p36, it may function as a regulator of protein phosphorylation in that the ANXA2 monomer is the preferred target (in vitro) of tyrosine-specific kinase; Belongs to the S-100 family. (97 aa)
Trpm8Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8; Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in detection of sensations such as coolness, by being activated by cold temperature below 25 degrees Celsius. Activated by icilin, eucalyptol, menthol, cold and modulation of intracellular pH. Involved in menthol sensation. Permeable for monovalent cations sodium, potassium, and cesium and divalent cation calcium. Temperature sensing is tightly linked to voltage-dependent gating. Activated upon depolarization, changes in temperature resulting in graded shifts of it [...] (1104 aa)
Mcph1Microcephalin; Implicated in chromosome condensation and DNA damage induced cellular responses. May play a role in neurogenesis and regulation of the size of the cerebral cortex (By similarity). (822 aa)
Cacna1bVoltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1B gives rise to N-type calcium currents. N-type calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group and are specifically blocked by omega-conotoxin- GVIA (AC P01522) (By similarity). They are however insen [...] (2327 aa)
Kcns1Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily S member 1; Potassium channel subunit that does not form functional channels by itself. Can form functional heterotetrameric channels with KCNB1 and KCNB2; modulates the delayed rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel activation and deactivation rates of KCNB1 and KCNB2. (497 aa)
ElaneNeutrophil elastase; Medullasin modifies the functions of natural killer cells, monocytes and granulocytes. Inhibits C5a-dependent neutrophil enzyme release and chemotaxis (By similarity). Capable of killing E.coli; probably digests outer membrane protein A (ompA) in E.coli ; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Elastase subfamily. (265 aa)
Vwa1Von Willebrand factor A domain-containing protein 1; Promotes matrix assembly. (415 aa)
FaahFatty-acid amide hydrolase 1; Degrades bioactive fatty acid amides like oleamide, the endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide and myristic amide to their corresponding acids, thereby serving to terminate the signaling functions of these molecules. Hydrolyzes polyunsaturated substrate anandamide preferentially as compared to monounsaturated substrates (By similarity); Belongs to the amidase family. (579 aa)
Abcc4ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4. (1325 aa)
Hoxd1Homeobox protein Hox-D1; Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Acts on the anterior body structures. (328 aa)
Ptger3Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype; Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Required for normal development of fever in response to pyrinogens, including IL1B, prostaglandin E2 and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Required for normal potentiation of platelet aggregation by prostaglandin E2, and thus plays a role in the regulation of blood coagulation. Required for increased HCO3(-) secretion in the duodenum in response to mucosal acidification, and thereby contributes to the protection of the mucosa against acid-induced ulceration. Not required for normal kidney function, normal ur [...] (362 aa)
Trpa1Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1; Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in pain detection and possibly also in cold perception, oxygen concentration perception, cough, itch, and inner ear function. Shows 8-fold preference for divalent over monovalent cations. Has a central role in the pain response to endogenous inflammatory mediators and to a diverse array of irritants, such as allylthiocyanate (AITC) found in mustard oil or wasabi, cinnamaldehyde, diallyl disulfide (DADS) from garlic, and acrolein, an irritant from tears gas and vehi [...] (1125 aa)
Gria1Glutamate receptor 1; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulati [...] (907 aa)
Nmur2Neuromedin-U receptor 2; Receptor for the neuromedin-U and neuromedin-S neuropeptides. (395 aa)
Ppp1r14cProtein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14C; Inhibitor of the PP1 regulatory subunit PPP1CA. (164 aa)
Tmem120aTransmembrane protein 120A; Necessary for efficient adipogenesis. (343 aa)
Pbx3Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3; Transcriptional activator that binds the sequence 5'- ATCAATCAA-3'; Belongs to the TALE/PBX homeobox family. (434 aa)
Bdkrb1B1 bradykinin receptor; This is a receptor for bradykinin. Could be a factor in chronic pain and inflammation; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Bradykinin receptor subfamily. BDKRB1 sub-subfamily. (334 aa)
NdnNecdin; Growth suppressor that facilitates the entry of the cell into cell cycle arrest. Functionally similar to the retinoblastoma protein it binds to and represses the activity of cell-cycle-promoting proteins such as SV40 large T antigen, adenovirus E1A, and the transcription factor E2F. Necdin also interacts with p53 and works in an additive manner to inhibit cell growth. Functions also as transcription factor and binds directly to specific guanosine-rich DNA sequences. (325 aa)
Nbl1Neuroblastoma suppressor of tumorigenicity 1; Possible candidate as a tumor suppressor gene of neuroblastoma. May play an important role in preventing cells from entering the final stage (G1/S) of the transformation process. (178 aa)
Tlr4Toll-like receptor 4; Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS- independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate. In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding t [...] (835 aa)
Camk4Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that operates in the calcium-triggered CaMKK-CaMK4 signaling cascade and regulates, mainly by phosphorylation, the activity of several transcription activators, such as CREB1, MEF2D, JUN and RORA, which play pivotal roles in immune response, inflammation, and memory consolidation. In the thymus, regulates the CD4(+)/CD8(+) double positive thymocytes selection threshold during T-cell ontogeny. In CD4 memory T-cells, is required to link T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling to the productio [...] (469 aa)
CpeCarboxypeptidase E; Sorting receptor that directs prohormones to the regulated secretory pathway. Acts also as a prohormone processing enzyme in neuro/endocrine cells, removing dibasic residues from the C-terminal end of peptide hormone precursors after initial endoprotease cleavage. Belongs to the peptidase M14 family. (476 aa)
ArxHomeobox protein ARX; Transcription factor required for normal brain development. May be important for maintenance of specific neuronal subtypes in the cerebral cortex and axonal guidance in the floor plate (By similarity). Belongs to the paired homeobox family. Bicoid subfamily. (564 aa)
Dclk1Serine/threonine-protein kinase DCLK1; Probable kinase that may be involved in a calcium-signaling pathway controlling neuronal migration in the developing brain. May also participate in functions of the mature nervous system (By similarity); Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CaMK subfamily. (756 aa)
Oprd1Delta-type opioid receptor; G-protein coupled receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous enkephalins and for a subset of other opioids. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. Inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance. Plays a role in the perception of pain and in opiate-mediated analgesia. [...] (372 aa)
Hpcal4Hippocalcin-like protein 4; May be involved in the calcium-dependent regulation of rhodopsin phosphorylation; Belongs to the recoverin family. (191 aa)
Hoxb8Homeobox protein Hox-B8; Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. (243 aa)
Marveld1MARVEL domain-containing protein 1; Microtubule-associated protein that exhibits cell cycle- dependent localization and can inhibit cell proliferation and migration. (173 aa)
Trpv3Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3; Putative receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. It is activated by innocuous (warm) temperatures and shows an increased response at noxious temperatures greater than 39 degrees Celsius. Activation exhibits an outward rectification. May associate with TRPV1 and may modulate its activity. Is a negative regulator of hair growth and cycling: TRPV3-coupled signaling suppresses keratinocyte proliferation in hair follicles and induces apoptosis and premature hair follicle regression (catagen) (By simi [...] (791 aa)
PomkProtein O-mannose kinase; Protein O-mannose kinase that specifically mediates phosphorylation at the 6-position of an O-mannose of the trisaccharide (N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)- beta-1,4-mannose) to generate phosphorylated O-mannosyl trisaccharide (N-acetylgalactosamine-beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine-beta-1,4- (phosphate-6-)mannose). Phosphorylated O-mannosyl trisaccharide is a carbohydrate structure present in alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1), which is required for binding laminin G-like domain-containing extracellular proteins with high affinity. Only [...] (349 aa)
Galr2Galanin receptor type 2; Receptor for the hormone galanin, GALP and spexin-1. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that activate the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via G(q)) and that inhibit adenylyl cyclase (via G(i)). (371 aa)
Kcna1Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the kidney. Contributes to the regulation of the membrane potential and nerve signaling, and prevents neuronal hyperexcitability. Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference acros [...] (495 aa)
Zfp106Zinc finger protein 106; RNA-binding protein. Specifically binds to 5'-GGGGCC-3' sequence repeats in RNA. Essential for maintenance of peripheral motor neuron and skeletal muscle function. Required for normal expression and/or alternative splicing of a number of genes in spinal cord and skeletal muscle, including the neurite outgrowth inhibitor RTN4. Also contributes to normal mitochondrial respiratory function in motor neurons, via an unknown mechanism. (1888 aa)
Cnr1Cannabinoid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upo [...] (473 aa)
Hoxb13Homeobox protein Hox-B13; Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Binds preferentially to methylated DNA (By similarity). Belongs to the Abd-B homeobox family. (286 aa)
Trpc6Short transient receptor potential channel 6; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) in a membrane-delimited fashion, independently of protein kinase C. Seems not to be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. (930 aa)
AcppProstatic acid phosphatase; A non-specific tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylates a diverse number of substrates under acidic conditions (pH 4-6) including alkyl, aryl, and acyl orthophosphate monoesters and phosphorylated proteins. Has lipid phosphatase activity and inactivates lysophosphatidic acid in seminal plasma (By similarity); Belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family. (417 aa)
Ptgs1Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1; Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets. In gastric epithelial cells, it is a key step in the generation of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays an important role in cytoprotection. In platelets, it is involved in the generation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which promotes platelet activation and aggregation, vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. (602 aa)
LxnLatexin; Hardly reversible, non-competitive, and potent inhibitor of CPA1, CPA2 and CPA4 (By similarity). May play a role in inflammation. Belongs to the protease inhibitor I47 (latexin) family. (222 aa)
MrgprdMas-related G-protein coupled receptor member D; May regulate nociceptor function and/or development, including the sensation or modulation of pain. Functions as a specific membrane receptor for beta-alanine. The receptor couples with G-protein G(q) and G(i) (By similarity). (321 aa)
PrlhrProlactin-releasing peptide receptor; Receptor for prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP). Implicated in lactation, regulation of food intake and pain-signal processing. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (370 aa)
Htr1f5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F; G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various alkaloids and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. (366 aa)
FlncFilamin-C; Muscle-specific filamin, which plays a central role in muscle cells, probably by functioning as a large actin-cross-linking protein. May be involved in reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton in response to signaling events, and may also display structural functions at the Z lines in muscle cells. Critical for normal myogenesis and for maintaining the structural integrity of the muscle fibers. (2726 aa)
Grm7Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7; G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity (By similarity). (922 aa)
Chrna4Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodium ions; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. Alpha-4/CHRNA4 sub- subfamily. (629 aa)
PenkMet-enkephalin-Arg-Ser-Leu; Met- and Leu-enkephalins compete with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress. PENK(114-133) and PENK(238-259) increase glutamate release in the striatum. PENK(114-133) decreases GABA concentration in the striatum. (268 aa)
LepLeptin; Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways. In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal met [...] (167 aa)
MaddMAP kinase-activating death domain protein; Plays a significant role in regulating cell proliferation, survival and death through alternative mRNA splicing. Converts GDP- bound inactive form of RAB3A, RAB3C and RAB3D to the GTP-bound active forms. Component of the TNFRSF1A signaling complex: MADD links TNFRSF1A with MAP kinase activation. Plays an important regulatory role in physiological cell death (TNF-alpha-induced, caspase-mediated apoptosis). (1627 aa)
Oprl1Nociceptin receptor; G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for the endogenous neuropeptide nociceptin. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide- binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Signaling via G proteins mediates inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and calcium channel activity. Arrestins modulate signaling via G proteins and mediate the activation of alternative signaling pathways that lead to the activation of MAP kinases. Plays a role in modulating nociceptio [...] (367 aa)
Trpv4Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4; Non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in osmotic sensitivity and mechanosensitivity. Activation by exposure to hypotonicity within the physiological range exhibits an outward rectification. Also activated by heat, low pH, citrate and phorbol esters. Increase of intracellular Ca(2+) potentiates currents. Channel activity seems to be regulated by a calmodulin-dependent mechanism with a negative feedback mechanism (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of intracellular Ca(2+) in synoviocytes (By similarity). [...] (871 aa)
Grik1Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus (B [...] (934 aa)
Dtnbp1Dysbindin; Component of the BLOC-1 complex, a complex that is required for normal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LRO), such as platelet dense granules and melanosomes. In concert with the AP-3 complex, the BLOC-1 complex is required to target membrane protein cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals. The BLOC-1 complex, in association with SNARE proteins, is also proposed to be involved in neurite extension. Associates with the BLOC-2 complex to facilitate the transport of TYRP1 independent of AP-3 function. Plays a role i [...] (352 aa)
Slc6a2Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter; Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A2 subfamily. (617 aa)
OsmOncostatin-M; Growth regulator. Inhibits the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines. It regulates cytokine production, including IL-6, G- CSF and GM-CSF from endothelial cells (By similarity). Uses only type II OSM receptor (heterodimers composed of OSMR and IL6ST). Involved in the maturation of fetal hepatocytes, thereby promoting liver development and regeneration (By similarity). (263 aa)
Gria2Glutamate receptor 2; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (883 aa)
Mysm1Histone H2A deubiquitinase MYSM1; Metalloprotease that specifically deubiquitinates monoubiquitinated histone H2A, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression, thereby acting as a coactivator. Preferentially deubiquitinates monoubiquitinated H2A in hyperacetylated nucleosomes. Deubiquitination of histone H2A leads to facilitate the phosphorylation and dissociation of histone H1 from the nucleosome. Acts as a coactivator by participating in the initiation and elongation steps of androgen receptor (AR)-induced gene activation. Required for correct regulation of hematopoiesis [...] (819 aa)
Gria3Glutamate receptor 3; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (888 aa)
Ext1Exostosin-1; Glycosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of heparan- sulfate. The EXT1/EXT2 complex possesses substantially higher glycosyltransferase activity than EXT1 or EXT2 alone. Required for the exosomal release of SDCBP, CD63 and syndecan (By similarity). (746 aa)
Ablim1Actin-binding LIM protein 1; May act as scaffold protein (By similarity). May play a role in the development of the retina. Has been suggested to play a role in axon guidance. (861 aa)
Atp1a3Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3; This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients (By similarity). Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIC subfamily. (1013 aa)
Kcnd2Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain, but also in rodent heart. Mediates the major part of the dendritic A-type current I(SA) in brain neurons. This current is activated at membrane potentials that are below the threshold for action potentials. It regulates neuronal excitability, prolongs the latency before the first spike in a series of action potentials, regulates the frequency of repetitive action potential firing, shortens the duration of a [...] (630 aa)
Cdca8Borealin; Component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis. The CPC complex has essential functions at the centromere in ensuring correct chromosome alignment and segregation and is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle assembly. In the complex, it may be required to direct the CPC to centromeric DNA. Major effector of the TTK kinase in the control of attachment-error-correction and chromosome alignment (By similarity); Belongs to the borealin family. (289 aa)
WhrnWhirlin; Involved in hearing and vision as member of the USH2 complex. Necessary for elongation and maintenance of inner and outer hair cell stereocilia in the organ of Corti in the inner ear. Involved in the maintenance of the hair bundle ankle region, which connects stereocilia in cochlear hair cells of the inner ear. In retina photoreceptors, required for the maintenance of periciliary membrane complex that seems to play a role in regulating intracellular protein transport. (918 aa)
Gpr139Probable G-protein coupled receptor 139; Orphan receptor. Seems to act through a G(q/11)-mediated pathway. (345 aa)
Scn10aSodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha; Tetrodotoxin-resistant channel that mediates the voltage- dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which sodium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Plays a role in neuropathic pain mechanisms. Belongs to the sodium channel (TC 1.A.1.10) family. Nav1.8/SCN10A subfamily. (1958 aa)
Adora1Adenosine receptor A1; Receptor for adenosine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (326 aa)
Git2ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT2; GTPase-activating protein for the ADP ribosylation factor family. (759 aa)
Spp1Osteopontin; Binds tightly to hydroxyapatite. Appears to form an integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction; Belongs to the osteopontin family. (295 aa)
Trpm3Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 3. (1721 aa)
Gbx1Homeobox protein GBX-1. (418 aa)
Fmr1Synaptic functional regulator FMR1; Multifunctional polyribosome-associated RNA-binding protein that plays a central role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity through the regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, mRNA stability, mRNA dendritic transport and postsynaptic local protein synthesis of a subset of mRNAs. Plays a role in the alternative splicing of its own mRNA. Plays a role in mRNA nuclear export. Together with export factor NXF2, is involved in the regulation of the NXF1 mRNA stability in neurons. Stabilizes the scaffolding postsynaptic density protein DLG4/PSD-95 [...] (614 aa)
Agtr2Type-2 angiotensin II receptor; Receptor for angiotensin II. Cooperates with MTUS1 to inhibit ERK2 activation and cell proliferation. (363 aa)
Tafa4Chemokine-like protein TAFA-4; Modulates injury-induced and chemical pain hypersensitivity. Ligand of FPR1, can chemoattract macrophages, promote phagocytosis and increase ROS release. (135 aa)
Lgals1Galectin-1; Lectin that binds beta-galactoside and a wide array of complex carbohydrates. Plays a role in regulating apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Inhibits CD45 protein phosphatase activity and therefore the dephosphorylation of Lyn kinase. Strong inducer of T-cell apoptosis. (135 aa)
Ptprz1Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta; Protein tyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulates oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation in the embryonic spinal cord. Required for normal differentiation of the precursor cells into mature, fully myelinating oligodendrocytes. May play a role in protecting oligondendrocytes against apoptosis. May play a role in the establishment of contextual memory, probably via the dephosphorylation of proteins that are part of important signaling cascades. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 5 subfamily. (2312 aa)
Sema6cSemaphorin-6C; May be a stop signal for the dorsal root ganglion neurons in their target areas, and possibly also for other neurons. May also be involved in the maintenance and remodeling of neuronal connections (By similarity); Belongs to the semaphorin family. (963 aa)
Dhtkd1Probable 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component DHKTD1, mitochondrial; The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (By similarity). (921 aa)
Slc5a7High affinity choline transporter 1; Transmembrane transporter that imports choline from the extracellular space to the neuron with high affinity. Choline uptake is the rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis. Sodium ion- and chloride ion-dependent; Belongs to the sodium:solute symporter (SSF) (TC 2.A.21) family. (580 aa)
Hdac4Histone deacetylase 4; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Involved in muscle maturation via its interaction with the myocyte enhancer factors such as MEF2A, MEF2C and MEF2D. Deacetylates HSPA1A and HSPA1A at 'Lys-77' leading to their preferential binding to co-ch [...] (1076 aa)
Mc1rMelanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor; Receptor for MSH (alpha, beta and gamma) and ACTH. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (315 aa)
PrxPeriaxin; Scaffolding protein that functions as part of a dystroglycan complex in Schwann cells, and as part of EZR and AHNAK-containing complexes in eye lens fiber cells. Required for the maintenance of the peripheral myelin sheath that is essential for normal transmission of nerve impulses and normal perception of sensory stimuli. Required for normal transport of MBP mRNA from the perinuclear to the paranodal regions. Required for normal remyelination after nerve injury. Required for normal elongation of Schwann cells and normal length of the internodes between the nodes of Ranvier. [...] (1391 aa)
Slc12a5Solute carrier family 12 member 5; Mediates electroneutral potassium-chloride cotransport in mature neurons and is required for neuronal Cl(-) homeostasis. As major extruder of intracellular chloride, it establishes the low neuronal Cl(-) levels required for chloride influx after binding of GABA-A and glycine to their receptors, with subsequent hyperpolarization and neuronal inhibition. Involved in the regulation of dendritic spine formation and maturation; Belongs to the SLC12A transporter family. (1115 aa)
Htr75-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7; This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (470 aa)
Hcn2Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2; Hyperpolarization-activated ion channel exhibiting weak selectivity for potassium over sodium ions. Contributes to the native pacemaker currents in heart (If) and in neurons (Ih). Can also transport ammonium in the distal nephron. Produces a large instantaneous current. (863 aa)
Scn9aSodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) channel isoform. Plays a role in pain mechanisms, especially in the development of inflammatory pain ; Belongs to the sodium channel (TC 1.A.1.10) family. Nav1.7/SCN9A subfamily. (1984 aa)
DolkDolichol kinase; Involved in the synthesis of the sugar donor Dol-P-Man which is required in the synthesis of N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides and for that of GPI anchors. (534 aa)
PrkcgProtein kinase C gamma type; Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays diverse roles in neuronal cells and eye tissues, such as regulation of the neuronal receptors GRIA4/GLUR4 and GRIN1/NMDAR1, modulation of receptors and neuronal functions related to sensitivity to opiates, pain and alcohol, mediation of synaptic function and cell survival after ischemia, and inhibition of gap junction activity after oxidative stress. Binds and phosphorylates GRIA4/GLUR4 glutamate receptor and regulates its function by increasing p [...] (697 aa)
Lmo7LIM domain only 7. (1699 aa)
P2rx7P2X purinoceptor 7; Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated ion channel. Responsible for ATP-dependent lysis of macrophages through the formation of membrane pores permeable to large molecules. Could function in both fast synaptic transmission and the ATP-mediated lysis of antigen-presenting cells. In the absence of its natural ligand, ATP, functions as a scavenger receptor in the recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells. (595 aa)
Cdk5r1Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1, p25; p35 is a neuron specific activator of CDK5. The complex p35/CDK5 is required for neurite outgrowth and cortical lamination. Involved in dendritic spine morphogenesis by mediating the EFNA1-EPHA4 signaling. Activator of TPKII. The complex p35/CDK5 participates in the regulation of the circadian clock by modulating the function of CLOCK protein: phosphorylates CLOCK at 'Thr-451' and 'Thr-461' and regulates the transcriptional activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer in association with altered stability and subcellular distribution. (307 aa)
Trpv1Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1; Ligand-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in detection of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli. Seems to mediate proton influx and may be involved in intracellular acidosis in nociceptive neurons. Involved in mediation of inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia. Sensitized by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, which involves PKC isozymes and PCL. Activation by vanilloids, like capsaicin, and temperatures higher than 42 degrees Celsius, exhibits [...] (839 aa)
PtgesProstaglandin E synthase; Catalyzes the oxidoreduction of prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). (153 aa)
Adora2aAdenosine receptor A2a; Receptor for adenosine (By similarity). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase (By similarity). (410 aa)
Esr1Estrogen receptor; Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE- independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial a [...] (599 aa)
Oprm1Mu-type opioid receptor; Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone. Agonist binding to the receptor induces coupling to an inactive GDP-bound heterotrimeric G-protein complex and subsequent exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit leading to dissociation of the G-protein complex with the free GTP-bound G-protein alpha and the G-protein beta-gamma dimer activating downstream cellular effectors. The agonist- and cell typ [...] (438 aa)
Gpr3G-protein coupled receptor 3; Orphan receptor with constitutive G(s) signaling activity that activate cyclic AMP. Has a potential role in modulating a number of brain functions, including behavioral responses to stress, amyloid- beta peptide generation in neurons (By similarity) and neurite outgrowth (By similarity). Maintains also meiotic arrest in oocytes. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (330 aa)
NpbNeuropeptide B-29; Has an effect in food intake, on locomotor activity and has an analgesic effect, (in vivo pharmacological studies). May be involved in the regulation of neuroendocrine system, memory and learning (By similarity). (119 aa)
NgfBeta-nerve growth factor; Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. Extracellular ligand for the NTRK1 and NGFR receptors, activates cellular signaling cascades to regulate neuronal proliferation, differentiation and survival. The immature NGF precursor (proNGF) functions as ligand for the heterodimeric receptor formed by SORCS2 and NGFR, and activates cellular signaling cascades that lead to inactivation of RAC1 and/or RAC2, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and neuronal growth cone collapse. In contrast [...] (307 aa)
Rapgefl1Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor-like 1; Probable guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). (662 aa)
Gabbr2Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2; Component of a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor for GABA, formed by GABBR1 and GABBR2. Within the heterodimeric GABA receptor, only GABBR1 seems to bind agonists, while GABBR2 mediates coupling to G proteins (By similarity). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase, stimulates phospholipase A2, activates potassium channels, inactivate [...] (940 aa)
Arrb2Beta-arrestin-2; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (421 aa)
Dlg4Disks large homolog 4; Interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA receptor subunits and shaker-type potassium channels. Required for synaptic plasticity associated with NMDA receptor signaling. Overexpression or depletion of DLG4 changes the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses in hippocampal neurons. May reduce the amplitude of ASIC3 acid-evoked currents by retaining the channel intracellularly. May regulate the intracellular trafficking of ADR1B. Also regulates AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) immobilization at postsynaptic density keeping the channels in an activated stat [...] (724 aa)
Shank3SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3; Major scaffold postsynaptic density protein which interacts with multiple proteins and complexes to orchestrate the dendritic spine and synapse formation, maturation and maintenance. Interconnects receptors of the postsynaptic membrane including NMDA-type and metabotropic glutamate receptors via complexes with GKAP/PSD-95 and HOMER, respectively, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the structural and functional organization of the dendritic spine and synaptic junction through the interaction with Arp2/3 and WAVE1 complex [...] (1730 aa)
Nf2Merlin; Probable regulator of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Along with WWC1 can synergistically induce the phosphorylation of LATS1 and LATS2 and can probably function in the regulation of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway. May act as a membrane stabilizing protein. May inhibit PI3 kinase by binding to AGAP2 and impairing its stimulating activity. Suppresses cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by inhibiting the CUL4A-RBX1-DDB1-VprBP/DCAF [...] (596 aa)
Sstr4Somatostatin receptor type 4; Receptor for somatostatin-14. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibits adenylyl cyclase. It is functionally coupled not only to inhibition of adenylate cyclase, but also to activation of both arachidonate release and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. (385 aa)
Map4k5Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 5; May play a role in the response to environmental stress. Appears to act upstream of the JUN N-terminal pathway (By similarity). (847 aa)
Ntsr2Neurotensin receptor type 2; Receptor for the tridecapeptide neurotensin. It is associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Neurotensin receptor subfamily. NTSR2 sub-subfamily. (416 aa)
Frmpd4FERM and PDZ domain-containing protein 4; Positive regulator of dendritic spine morphogenesis and density. Required for the maintenance of excitatory synaptic transmission. Binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. (1312 aa)
Pm20d1N-fatty-acyl-amino acid synthase/hydrolase PM20D1; Bidirectional N-fatty-acyl amino acid synthase/hydrolase that regulates the production of N-fatty-acyl amino acids. These metabolites are endogenous chemical uncouplers of mitochondrial respiration. In an UCP1-independent manner, maybe through interaction with mitochondrial transporters, they promote proton leakage into the mitochondrial matrix. Thereby, this secreted protein may indirectly regulate the bodily dissipation of chemical energy as heat through thermogenic respiration. (503 aa)
Cacna1cVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C; Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm (By similarity). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm. Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via [...] (2222 aa)
Kif1aKinesin-like protein KIF1A; Motor for anterograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors (Probable). Also required for neuronal dense core vesicles (DCVs) transport to the dendritic spines and axons. The interaction calcium-dependent with CALM1 increases vesicle motility and interaction with the scaffolding proteins PPFIA2 and TANC2 recruits DCVs to synaptic sites (By similarity); Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Unc-104 subfamily. (1698 aa)
Nr2c2Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2; Orphan nuclear receptor that can act as a repressor or activator of transcription. An important repressor of nuclear receptor signaling pathways such as retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X, vitamin D3 receptor, thyroid hormone receptor and estrogen receptor pathways. May regulate gene expression during the late phase of spermatogenesis. Activates transcriptional activity of LHCG and is antagonist of PPARA- mediated transactivation (By similarity). Together with NR2C1, forms the core of the DRED (direct repeat erythroid-definitive) complex t [...] (629 aa)
Tsc1Hamartin; In complex with TSC2, inhibits the nutrient-mediated or growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 by negatively regulating mTORC1 signaling (By similarity). Implicated as a tumor suppressor. Involved in microtubule-mediated protein transport, but this seems to be due to unregulated mTOR signaling. Acts as a co-chaperone for HSP90AA1 facilitating HSP90AA1 chaperoning of protein clients such as kinases, TSC2 and glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1. Increases ATP binding to HSP90AA1 and inhibits HSP90AA1 ATPase activity. Competes with the activating co-chaperone AH [...] (1161 aa)
Kmt5bHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase KMT5B; Histone methyltransferase that specifically methylates monomethylated 'Lys-20' (H4K20me1) and dimethylated 'Lys-20' (H4K20me2) of histone H4 to produce respectively dimethylated 'Lys-20' (H4K20me2) and trimethylated 'Lys-20' (H4K20me3) and thus regulates transcription and maintenance of genome integrity. In vitro also methylates unmodified 'Lys-20' (H4K20me0) of histone H4 and nucleosomes (By similarity). H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Mainly functions in pericentric heterochromat [...] (883 aa)
Cntnap2Contactin-associated protein-like 2; Required, with CNTNAP1, for radial and longitudinal organization of myelinated axons. Plays a role in the formation of functional distinct domains critical for saltatory conduction of nerve impulses in myelinated nerve fibers. Demarcates the juxtaparanodal region of the axo-glial junction (Probable). (1332 aa)
Pstpip2Proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 2; Binds to F-actin. May be involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. (334 aa)
Fstl1Follistatin-related protein 1; May modulate the action of some growth factors on cell proliferation and differentiation. Binds heparin (By similarity). (306 aa)
Arid1bAT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex). During neural development a switch from a stem/ [...] (2244 aa)
Cacna1aVoltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1A gives rise to P and/or Q- type calcium currents. P/Q-type calcium channels belong to the 'high- voltage activated' (HVA) group and are specifically blocked by the spider omega-agatoxin-IVA (AC P54282) (By similarity). [...] (2368 aa)
Ano1Anoctamin-1; Calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) which plays an important role in transepithelial anion transport and smooth muscle contraction. Required for the normal functioning of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) which generate electrical pacemaker activity in gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Acts as a major contributor to basal and stimulated chloride conductance in airway epithelial cells and plays an important role in tracheal cartilage development. Belongs to the anoctamin family. (1017 aa)
Tafa1Chemokine-like protein TAFA-1; Regulatory factor which is ligand for GPR1 and is involved in the modulation of neural stem-cell proliferation and differentiation. (133 aa)
Grm5Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5; G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system and generates a calcium-activated chloride current. Plays an important role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and the modulation of the neural network activity (By similarity). (1203 aa)
Ucp2Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2; UCP are mitochondrial transporter proteins that create proton leaks across the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis. As a result, energy is dissipated in the form of heat (By similarity); Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (309 aa)
PtgirProstacyclin receptor; Receptor for prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 or PGI2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins which activate adenylate cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (415 aa)
Hmgn3High mobility group nucleosome-binding domain-containing protein 3; Binds to nucleosomes, regulating chromatin structure and consequently, chromatin-dependent processes such as transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair. Affects both insulin and glucagon levels and modulates the expression of pancreatic genes involved in insulin secretion. Regulates the expression of the glucose transporter SLC2A2 by binding specifically to its promoter region and recruiting PDX1 and additional transcription factors. Regulates the expression of SLC6A9, a glycine transporter which regulates the glyci [...] (99 aa)
Mycbp2E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MYCBP2; Atypical E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which specifically mediates ubiquitination of threonine and serine residues on target proteins, instead of ubiquitinating lysine residues (By similarity). Shows esterification activity towards both threonine and serine, with a preference for threonine, and acts via two essential catalytic cysteine residues that relay ubiquitin to its substrate via thioester intermediates (By similarity). Interacts with the E2 enzymes UBE2D1, UBE2D3, UBE2E1 and UBE2L3 (By similarity). Plays a key role in neural development, probabl [...] (4746 aa)
Oprk1Kappa-type opioid receptor; G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous alpha-neoendorphins and dynorphins, but has low affinity for beta-endorphins. Also functions as receptor for various synthetic opioids and for the psychoactive diterpene salvinorin A. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. Inhibits neurotransmitter release by r [...] (380 aa)
Btbd9BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 9. (612 aa)
MgllMonoglyceride lipase; Converts monoacylglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol. Hydrolyzes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and thereby contributes to the regulation of endocannabinoid signaling, nociperception and perception of pain. Regulates the levels of fatty acids that serve as signaling molecules and promote cancer cell migration, invasion and tumor growth (By similarity). (319 aa)
PirtPhosphoinositide-interacting protein; Regulatory subunit of TRPV1, a molecular sensor of noxious heat and capsaicin. Positively regulates TRPV1 channel activity via phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Binds various phosphoinositide, including phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), but not phosphatidylinositol (PI). (135 aa)
Ccdc141Coiled-coil domain-containing 141. (1531 aa)
Clp1Polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase Clp1; Polynucleotide kinase that can phosphorylate the 5'-hydroxyl groups of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and double-stranded DNA:RNA hybrids. dsRNA is phosphorylated more efficiently than dsDNA, and the RNA component of a DNA:RNA hybrid is phosphorylated more efficiently than the DNA component. Plays a key role in both tRNA splicing and mRNA 3'-end formation. Component of the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex: phosphorylates the 5'-terminus of the tRNA 3'-exon during tRNA splicing; this pho [...] (425 aa)
Chrm2Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2; The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition. Signaling promotes phospholipase C activity, leading to the release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3); this then triggers calcium ion release into the cytosol (By similarity). Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily. CHR [...] (466 aa)
9430015G10RikRIKEN cDNA 9430015G10 gene. (199 aa)
Lpar5Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5; Receptor for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a mediator of diverse cellular activities; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (384 aa)
Adgrg1Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor G1; Receptor involved in cell adhesion and probably in cell-cell interactions. Mediates cell matrix adhesion in developing neurons and hematopoietic stem cells. Receptor for collagen III/COL3A1 in the developing brain and involved in regulation of cortical development, specifically in maintenance of the pial basement membrane integrity and in cortical lamination. Binding to the COL3A1 ligand inhibits neuronal migration and activates the RhoA pathway by coupling to GNA13 and possibly GNA12 (By similarity). Plays a role in the maintenance of hematopoie [...] (687 aa)
Nav2Neuron navigator 2. (2432 aa)
AspaAspartoacylase; Catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA) to produce acetate and L-aspartate. NAA occurs in high concentration in brain and its hydrolysis NAA plays a significant part in the maintenance of intact white matter (By similarity). (312 aa)
Tac1C-terminal-flanking peptide; Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles; Belongs to the tachykinin family. (130 aa)
Kcna6Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 6; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes. Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient (By similarity). The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane (By similarity). Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA6, and possi [...] (529 aa)
Hivep2Transcription factor HIVEP2; Specifically binds to the DNA sequence 5'-GGGACTTTCC-3' which is found in the enhancer elements of numerous viral promoters such as those of SV40, CMV, or HIV1. In addition, related sequences are found in the enhancer elements of a number of cellular promoters, including those of the class I MHC, interleukin-2 receptor, somatostatin receptor II, and interferon-beta genes. It may act in T-cell activation (By similarity). (2430 aa)
Prrxl1Dorsal root ganglia homeobox protein; Transcription factor required for the formation of correct projections from nociceptive sensory neurons to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and normal perception of pain. (263 aa)
ErbinErbin; Acts as an adapter for the receptor ERBB2, in epithelia. By binding the unphosphorylated ERBB2 'Tyr-1248' receptor, it may contribute to stabilize this unphosphorylated state (By similarity). Inhibits NOD2-dependent NF-kappa-B signaling and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. (1450 aa)
Gabra2Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2; Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel. The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer. The a [...] (451 aa)
Grin2aGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition; channels containing GRIN1 and GRIN2A have higher sensitivity to glutamate and faster kineti [...] (1464 aa)
Asic3Acid-sensing ion channel 3; Cation channel with high affinity for sodium, which is gated by extracellular protons and inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Generates a biphasic current with a fast inactivating and a slow sustained phase. In sensory neurons is proposed to mediate the pain induced by acidosis that occurs in ischemic, damaged or inflamed tissue. May be involved in hyperalgesia. May play a role in mechanoreception. Heteromeric channel assembly seems to modulate channel properties; Belongs to the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (TC 1.A.6) family. ASIC3 subfamily. (530 aa)
Prokr1Prokineticin receptor 1; Receptor for prokineticin 1. Exclusively coupled to the G(q) subclass of heteromeric G proteins. Activation leads to mobilization of calcium, stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover and activation of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase. May play a role during early pregnancy (By similarity). (393 aa)
Gnao1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Stimulated by RGS14. The G(o) protein function is not clear. (354 aa)
Scn11aSodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha; This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which sodium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel isoform. Also involved, with the contribution of the receptor tyrosine kinase NTRK2, in rapid BDNF-evoked neuronal depolarization (By similarity); Belongs to the sodium channel ( [...] (1765 aa)
Esr2Estrogen receptor beta; Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1 (ER-alpha), and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner. May play a role in ovarian follicular growth and maturation; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (567 aa)
Tmprss9Transmembrane protease serine 9; Serase-1 and serase-2 are serine proteases that hydrolyze the peptides N-t-Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-AMC and N-t-Boc-Gln-Gly-Arg-AMC. In contrast, N-t-Boc-Ala-Phe-Lys-AMC and N-t-Boc-Ala-Pro-Ala-AMC are not significantly hydrolyzed (By similarity). (1099 aa)
Rab18Ras-related protein Rab-18; Plays a role in apical endocytosis/recycling. May be implicated in transport between the plasma membrane and early endosomes. Plays a key role in eye and brain development and neurodegeneration (By similarity). (206 aa)
GalGalanin message-associated peptide; Endocrine hormone of the central and peripheral nervous systems that binds and activates the G protein-coupled receptors GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. This small neuropeptide may regulate diverse physiologic functions including contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, growth hormone and insulin release and adrenal secretion; Belongs to the galanin family. (124 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
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