Calcium homeostasis modulator protein 3; Pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated ion channel, also permeable to larger molecules including ATP. Together with CALHM1, forms a fast-activating voltage-gated ATP-release channel in type II taste bud cells (TBCs). CALHM1-CALHM3- mediated ATP released acts as a neurotransmitter to gustatory neurons in response to GPCR-mediated tastes, including sweet, bitter and umami substances.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit playing a prominent role in bitter and sweet taste transduction as well as in umami (monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, and inosine monophosphate) taste transduction. Transduction by this alpha subunit involves coupling of specific cell-surface receptors with a cGMP- phosphodiesterase; Activation of phosphodiesterase lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP which may open a cyclic nucleotide-suppressible cation channel leading to influx of calcium, ultim [...]

Calcium homeostasis modulator protein 3; Pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated ion channel, also permeable to larger molecules including ATP. Together with CALHM1, forms a fast-activating voltage-gated ATP-release channel in type II taste bud cells (TBCs). CALHM1-CALHM3- mediated ATP released acts as a neurotransmitter to gustatory neurons in response to GPCR-mediated tastes, including sweet, bitter and umami substances.

1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. This protein may be involved in the transduction of bitter taste stimuli (By similarity).

Calcium homeostasis modulator protein 3; Pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated ion channel, also permeable to larger molecules including ATP. Together with CALHM1, forms a fast-activating voltage-gated ATP-release channel in type II taste bud cells (TBCs). CALHM1-CALHM3- mediated ATP released acts as a neurotransmitter to gustatory neurons in response to GPCR-mediated tastes, including sweet, bitter and umami substances.

POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 3; Transcription factor that binds to the octamer motif (5'- ATTTGCAT-3'); Belongs to the POU transcription factor family. Class-2 subfamily.

Calcium homeostasis modulator protein 3; Pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated ion channel, also permeable to larger molecules including ATP. Together with CALHM1, forms a fast-activating voltage-gated ATP-release channel in type II taste bud cells (TBCs). CALHM1-CALHM3- mediated ATP released acts as a neurotransmitter to gustatory neurons in response to GPCR-mediated tastes, including sweet, bitter and umami substances.

Taste receptor type 1 member 1; Putative taste receptor. TAS1R1/TAS1R3 responds to the umami taste stimulus (the taste of monosodium glutamate) and also to most of the 20 standard L-amino acids, but not to their D-enantiomers or other compounds. Sequence differences within and between species can significantly influence the selectivity and specificity of taste responses.

Calcium homeostasis modulator protein 3; Pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated ion channel, also permeable to larger molecules including ATP. Together with CALHM1, forms a fast-activating voltage-gated ATP-release channel in type II taste bud cells (TBCs). CALHM1-CALHM3- mediated ATP released acts as a neurotransmitter to gustatory neurons in response to GPCR-mediated tastes, including sweet, bitter and umami substances.

Taste receptor type 1 member 2; Putative taste receptor. TAS1R2/TAS1R3 recognizes diverse natural and synthetic sweeteners.

Calcium homeostasis modulator protein 3; Pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated ion channel, also permeable to larger molecules including ATP. Together with CALHM1, forms a fast-activating voltage-gated ATP-release channel in type II taste bud cells (TBCs). CALHM1-CALHM3- mediated ATP released acts as a neurotransmitter to gustatory neurons in response to GPCR-mediated tastes, including sweet, bitter and umami substances.

Taste receptor type 1 member 3; Putative taste receptor. TAS1R1/TAS1R3 responds to the umami taste stimulus (the taste of monosodium glutamate) and also to most of the 20 standard L-amino acids, but not to their D-enantiomers or other compounds. TAS1R2/TAS1R3 recognizes diverse natural and synthetic sweeteners. TAS1R3 is essential for the recognition and response to the disaccharide trehalose. Sequence differences within and between species can significantly influence the selectivity and specificity of taste responses.

Calcium homeostasis modulator protein 3; Pore-forming subunit of a voltage-gated ion channel, also permeable to larger molecules including ATP. Together with CALHM1, forms a fast-activating voltage-gated ATP-release channel in type II taste bud cells (TBCs). CALHM1-CALHM3- mediated ATP released acts as a neurotransmitter to gustatory neurons in response to GPCR-mediated tastes, including sweet, bitter and umami substances.

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5; Voltage-modulated Ca(2+)-activated, monovalent cation channel (VCAM) that mediates a transient membrane depolarization and plays a central role in taste transduction. Monovalent-specific, non-selective cation channel that mediates the transport of Na(+), K(+) and Cs(+) ions equally well. Activated directly by increases in intracellular Ca(2+), but is impermeable to it. Gating is voltage-dependent and displays rapid activation and deactivation kinetics upon channel stimulation even during sustained elevations in Ca(2+). A [...]

Cannabinoid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upo [...]

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1; Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in pain detection and possibly also in cold perception, oxygen concentration perception, cough, itch, and inner ear function. Shows 8-fold preference for divalent over monovalent cations. Has a central role in the pain response to endogenous inflammatory mediators and to a diverse array of irritants, such as allylthiocyanate (AITC) found in mustard oil or wasabi, cinnamaldehyde, diallyl disulfide (DADS) from garlic, and acrolein, an irritant from tears gas and vehi [...]

Cannabinoid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upo [...]

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1; Ligand-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in detection of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli. Seems to mediate proton influx and may be involved in intracellular acidosis in nociceptive neurons. Involved in mediation of inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia. Sensitized by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, which involves PKC isozymes and PCL. Activation by vanilloids, like capsaicin, and temperatures higher than 42 degrees Celsius, exhibits [...]

Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2; In the nervous system, could hydrolyze ATP and other nucleotides to regulate purinergic neurotransmission. Hydrolyzes ADP only to a marginal extent (By similarity).

1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. This protein may be involved in the transduction of bitter taste stimuli (By similarity).

Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2; In the nervous system, could hydrolyze ATP and other nucleotides to regulate purinergic neurotransmission. Hydrolyzes ADP only to a marginal extent (By similarity).

Taste receptor type 1 member 3; Putative taste receptor. TAS1R1/TAS1R3 responds to the umami taste stimulus (the taste of monosodium glutamate) and also to most of the 20 standard L-amino acids, but not to their D-enantiomers or other compounds. TAS1R2/TAS1R3 recognizes diverse natural and synthetic sweeteners. TAS1R3 is essential for the recognition and response to the disaccharide trehalose. Sequence differences within and between species can significantly influence the selectivity and specificity of taste responses.

Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2; In the nervous system, could hydrolyze ATP and other nucleotides to regulate purinergic neurotransmission. Hydrolyzes ADP only to a marginal extent (By similarity).

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5; Voltage-modulated Ca(2+)-activated, monovalent cation channel (VCAM) that mediates a transient membrane depolarization and plays a central role in taste transduction. Monovalent-specific, non-selective cation channel that mediates the transport of Na(+), K(+) and Cs(+) ions equally well. Activated directly by increases in intracellular Ca(2+), but is impermeable to it. Gating is voltage-dependent and displays rapid activation and deactivation kinetics upon channel stimulation even during sustained elevations in Ca(2+). A [...]

Free fatty acid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Fatty acid binding increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and may also enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). May also play a role in bone homeostasis; receptor signaling activates pathways that inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Ligand binding leads to a conformation change that triggers signaling via G-proteins that activate phospholipase C, leading to an increase of the intracellular c [...]

Free fatty acid receptor 4; Receptor for medium and long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs). Signals via a G(q)/G(11)-coupled pathway. Acts as a receptor for omega- 3 fatty acids and mediates robust anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in macrophages and fat cells. The anti-inflammatory effects involve inhibition of TAK1 through a beta-arrestin 2 (ARRB2)/TAB1-dependent effect, but independent of the G(q)/G(11)- coupled pathway. Mediates potent insulin sensitizing and antidiabetic effects by repressing macrophage-induced tissue inflammation. Mediates the taste of fatty acids. Mediates FFA [...]

Free fatty acid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Fatty acid binding increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and may also enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). May also play a role in bone homeostasis; receptor signaling activates pathways that inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Ligand binding leads to a conformation change that triggers signaling via G-proteins that activate phospholipase C, leading to an increase of the intracellular c [...]

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit playing a prominent role in bitter and sweet taste transduction as well as in umami (monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, and inosine monophosphate) taste transduction. Transduction by this alpha subunit involves coupling of specific cell-surface receptors with a cGMP- phosphodiesterase; Activation of phosphodiesterase lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP which may open a cyclic nucleotide-suppressible cation channel leading to influx of calcium, ultim [...]

Free fatty acid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Fatty acid binding increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and may also enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). May also play a role in bone homeostasis; receptor signaling activates pathways that inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Ligand binding leads to a conformation change that triggers signaling via G-proteins that activate phospholipase C, leading to an increase of the intracellular c [...]

1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. This protein may be involved in the transduction of bitter taste stimuli (By similarity).

Free fatty acid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Fatty acid binding increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and may also enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). May also play a role in bone homeostasis; receptor signaling activates pathways that inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Ligand binding leads to a conformation change that triggers signaling via G-proteins that activate phospholipase C, leading to an increase of the intracellular c [...]

Taste receptor type 1 member 1; Putative taste receptor. TAS1R1/TAS1R3 responds to the umami taste stimulus (the taste of monosodium glutamate) and also to most of the 20 standard L-amino acids, but not to their D-enantiomers or other compounds. Sequence differences within and between species can significantly influence the selectivity and specificity of taste responses.

Free fatty acid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Fatty acid binding increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and may also enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). May also play a role in bone homeostasis; receptor signaling activates pathways that inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Ligand binding leads to a conformation change that triggers signaling via G-proteins that activate phospholipase C, leading to an increase of the intracellular c [...]

Taste receptor type 1 member 2; Putative taste receptor. TAS1R2/TAS1R3 recognizes diverse natural and synthetic sweeteners.

Free fatty acid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Fatty acid binding increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and may also enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). May also play a role in bone homeostasis; receptor signaling activates pathways that inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Ligand binding leads to a conformation change that triggers signaling via G-proteins that activate phospholipase C, leading to an increase of the intracellular c [...]

Taste receptor type 1 member 3; Putative taste receptor. TAS1R1/TAS1R3 responds to the umami taste stimulus (the taste of monosodium glutamate) and also to most of the 20 standard L-amino acids, but not to their D-enantiomers or other compounds. TAS1R2/TAS1R3 recognizes diverse natural and synthetic sweeteners. TAS1R3 is essential for the recognition and response to the disaccharide trehalose. Sequence differences within and between species can significantly influence the selectivity and specificity of taste responses.

Free fatty acid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Fatty acid binding increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and may also enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). May also play a role in bone homeostasis; receptor signaling activates pathways that inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Ligand binding leads to a conformation change that triggers signaling via G-proteins that activate phospholipase C, leading to an increase of the intracellular c [...]

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5; Voltage-modulated Ca(2+)-activated, monovalent cation channel (VCAM) that mediates a transient membrane depolarization and plays a central role in taste transduction. Monovalent-specific, non-selective cation channel that mediates the transport of Na(+), K(+) and Cs(+) ions equally well. Activated directly by increases in intracellular Ca(2+), but is impermeable to it. Gating is voltage-dependent and displays rapid activation and deactivation kinetics upon channel stimulation even during sustained elevations in Ca(2+). A [...]

Free fatty acid receptor 4; Receptor for medium and long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs). Signals via a G(q)/G(11)-coupled pathway. Acts as a receptor for omega- 3 fatty acids and mediates robust anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in macrophages and fat cells. The anti-inflammatory effects involve inhibition of TAK1 through a beta-arrestin 2 (ARRB2)/TAB1-dependent effect, but independent of the G(q)/G(11)- coupled pathway. Mediates potent insulin sensitizing and antidiabetic effects by repressing macrophage-induced tissue inflammation. Mediates the taste of fatty acids. Mediates FFA [...]

Free fatty acid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Fatty acid binding increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and may also enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). May also play a role in bone homeostasis; receptor signaling activates pathways that inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Ligand binding leads to a conformation change that triggers signaling via G-proteins that activate phospholipase C, leading to an increase of the intracellular c [...]