Your Input: | |
| | Braf | Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf; Involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Phosphorylates MAP2K1, and thereby activates the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. May play a role in the postsynaptic responses of hippocampal neurons. (804 aa) |
| | App | Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G [...] (695 aa) |
| | Tph2 | Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2; Belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family. (488 aa) |
| | Syn2 | Synapsin-2; Neuronal phosphoprotein that coats synaptic vesicles, binds to the cytoskeleton, and is believed to function in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. May play a role in noradrenaline secretion by sympathetic neurons. (586 aa) |
| | Igf2bp1 | Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1; RNA-binding factor that recruits target transcripts to cytoplasmic protein-RNA complexes (mRNPs). This transcript 'caging' into mRNPs allows mRNA transport and transient storage. It also modulates the rate and location at which target transcripts encounter the translational apparatus and shields them from endonuclease attacks or microRNA-mediated degradation. Regulates localized beta-actin/ACTB mRNA translation, a crucial process for cell polarity, cell migration and neurite outgrowth. Co-transcriptionally associates with the ACTB mR [...] (577 aa) |
| | Pten | Phosphatase and tensin homolog; In motile cells, suppresses the formation of lateral pseudopods and thereby promotes cell polarization and directed movement (By similarity). Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine- phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4- diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5- tetrakisphosphate with order of subst [...] (403 aa) |
| | Ankrd52 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory ankyrin repeat subunit C; Putative regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) that may be involved in the recognition of phosphoprotein substrates. (1076 aa) |
| | Gdi1 | Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha; Regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of most Rab proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP to them. Promotes the dissociation of GDP-bound Rab proteins from the membrane and inhibits their activation. Promotes the dissociation of RAB1A, RAB3A, RAB5A and RAB10 from membranes. (447 aa) |
| | Appbp2 | Amyloid protein-binding protein 2; May play a role in intracellular protein transport. May be involved in the translocation of APP along microtubules toward the cell surface (By similarity). (585 aa) |
| | Ptger1 | Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype; Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(q) proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. May play a role as an important modulator of renal function. Implicated the smooth muscle contractile response to PGE2 in various tissues; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (405 aa) |
| | Nr2e1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1; Orphan receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to hormone response elements (HRE) containing an extended core motif half-site sequence 5'-AAGGTCA-3' in which the 5' flanking nucleotides participate in determining receptor specificity (By similarity). Regulates cell cycle progression in neural stem cells of rhe developing brain. Involved in the regulation of retinal development and essential for vision. During retinogenesis, regulates PTEN-Cyclin D expression via binding to the promoter region of PTEN and suppressing its activity. May be invol [...] (385 aa) |
| | Tpgs1 | Tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit 1; May act in the targeting of the tubulin polyglutamylase complex. Required for the development of the spermatid flagellum. (303 aa) |
| | Ndufs4 | NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial; Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. (175 aa) |
| | Cacna2d3 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3; The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel. Acts as a regulatory subunit for P/Q- type calcium channel (CACNA1A), N-type (CACNA1B), L-type (CACNA1C OR CACNA1D) but not T-type (CACNA1G). (1091 aa) |
| | Clu | Clusterin alpha chain; Functions as extracellular chaperone that prevents aggregation of non native proteins. Prevents stress-induced aggregation of blood plasma proteins (By similarity). Inhibits formation of amyloid fibrils by APP, APOC2, B2M, CALCA, CSN3, SNCA and aggregation-prone LYZ variants (in vitro). Does not require ATP. Maintains partially unfolded proteins in a state appropriate for subsequent refolding by other chaperones, such as HSPA8/HSC70. Does not refold proteins by itself. Binding to cell surface receptors triggers internalization of the chaperone-client complex and [...] (448 aa) |
| | Crebbp | Histone lysine acetyltransferase CREBBP; Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation (By similarity). Also acetylates non-histone proteins, like DDX21, FBL, IRF2, MAFG, NCOA3, POLR1E/PAF53 and FOXO1. Binds specifically to phosphorylated CREB and enhances its transcriptional activity toward cAMP-responsive genes (By similarity). Acts as a coactivator of ALX1 (By similarity). Acts as a circadian transcriptional coactivator which enhances the activity of the circadian transcriptional activators: NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 and CLOCK- ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimers (By simila [...] (2441 aa) |
| | Clic5 | Chloride intracellular channel protein 5; Required for normal hearing (By similarity). It is necessary for the formation of stereocilia in the inner ear and normal development of the organ of Corti. Can insert into membranes and form poorly selective ion channels that may also transport chloride ions. May play a role in the regulation of transepithelial ion absorption and secretion. Is required for the development and/or maintenance of the proper glomerular endothelial cell and podocyte architecture. Plays a role in formation of the lens suture in the eye, which is important for normal [...] (251 aa) |
| | Zeb1 | Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to E-box sequences in the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer as well as in the regulatory regions of many other tissue-specific genes. Represses E-cadherin promoter and induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by recruiting SMARCA4/BRG1. Represses BCL6 transcription in the presence of the corepressor CTBP1 (By similarity). Positively regulates neuronal differentiation. Represses RCOR1 transcription activation during neurogenesis. Represses transcription by binding to the E box (5'- CANNTG-3'). P [...] (1117 aa) |
| | Maoa | Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A; Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine (By similarity). (526 aa) |
| | Bbs4 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4 protein homolog; The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Firstly the BBSome associates with the ciliary membrane and binds to RAB3IP/Rabin8, the gua [...] (520 aa) |
| | Il6 | Interleukin-6; Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasm [...] (211 aa) |
| | Tsn | Translin; DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes consensus sequences at the breakpoint junctions in chromosomal translocations, mostly involving immunoglobulin (Ig)/T-cell receptor gene segments. Seems to recognize single-stranded DNA ends generated by staggered breaks occurring at recombination hot spots. Belongs to the translin family. (228 aa) |
| | Avpr1b | Vasopressin V1b receptor; Receptor for arginine vasopressin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidyl- inositol-calcium second messenger system; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily. (421 aa) |
| | Abl2 | Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an ABL1- overlapping role in key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion, receptor endocytosis, autophagy, DNA damage response and apoptosis. Coordinates actin remodeling through tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins controlling cytoskeleton dynamics like MYH10 (involved in movement); CTTN (involved in signaling); or TUBA1 and TUBB (microtubule subunits). Binds directly F-actin and regulates actin cytoskeletal [...] (1182 aa) |
| | Rgs4 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 4; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Activity on G(z)-alpha is inhibited by phosphorylation of the G-protein. Activity on G(z)-alpha and G(i)- alpha-1 is inhibited by palmitoylation of the G-protein (By similarity). (205 aa) |
| | Gad2 | Glutamate decarboxylase 2; Catalyzes the production of GABA. (585 aa) |
| | Grin1 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. (938 aa) |
| | Oxt | Oxytocin-neurophysin 1; Neurophysin 1 specifically binds oxytocin. (125 aa) |
| | Ints3 | Integrator complex subunit 3; Component of the Integrator (INT) complex. The Integrator complex is involved in the small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) U1 and U2 transcription and in their 3'-box-dependent processing. The Integrator complex is associated with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II largest subunit (POLR2A) and is recruited to the U1 and U2 snRNAs genes. Mediates recruitment of cytoplasmic dynein to the nuclear envelope, probably as component of the INT complex. (1041 aa) |
| | Dcaf12 | DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 12; May function as a substrate receptor for CUL4-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex; Belongs to the WD repeat DCAF12 family. (453 aa) |
| | Ppt1 | Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1; Removes thioester-linked fatty acyl groups such as palmitate from modified cysteine residues in proteins or peptides during lysosomal degradation. Prefers acyl chain lengths of 14 to 18 carbons. (306 aa) |
| | Tacr1 | Substance-P receptor; This is a receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide substance P. It is probably associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinity of this receptor to tachykinins is: substance P > substance K > neuromedin K. (407 aa) |
| | Apba2 | Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 2; Putative function in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by binding to STXBP1, an essential component of the synaptic vesicle exocytotic machinery. May modulate processing of the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and hence formation of APP-beta. (750 aa) |
| | Ophn1 | Oligophrenin-1; Stimulates GTP hydrolysis of members of the Rho family. Its action on RHOA activity and signaling is implicated in growth and stabilization of dendritic spines, and therefore in synaptic function. Critical for the stabilization of AMPA receptors at postsynaptic sites. Critical for the regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis at presynaptic terminals (By similarity). Required for the localization of NR1D1 to dendrites, can suppress its repressor activity and protect it from proteasomal degradation. (802 aa) |
| | Bbs2 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2 protein homolog; The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Firstly the BBSome associates with the ciliary membrane and binds to RAB3IP/Rabin8, the gua [...] (721 aa) |
| | Cyp19a1 | Aromatase; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of C19 androgens, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (androstenedione) and testosterone to the C18 estrogens, estrone and estradiol, respectively. Catalyzes three successive oxidations of C19 androgens: two conventional oxidations at C19 yielding 19-hydroxy and 19-oxo/19- aldehyde derivatives, followed by a third oxidative aromatization step that involves C1-beta hydrogen abstraction combined with cleavage of the C10-C19 bond to yield a phenolic A ring and formic acid. Alternatively, the third oxidative reaction yields a 19 [...] (503 aa) |
| | Nt5e | 5'-nucleotidase; Hydrolyzes extracellular nucleotides into membrane permeable nucleosides. (576 aa) |
| | Eomes | Eomesodermin homolog; Functions as a transcriptional activator playing a crucial role during development. Functions in trophoblast differentiation and later in gastrulation, regulating both mesoderm delamination and endoderm specification. Plays a role in brain development being required for the specification and the proliferation of the intermediate progenitor cells and their progeny in the cerebral cortex. Also involved in the differentiation of CD8+ T-cells during immune response regulating the expression of lytic effector genes. (707 aa) |
| | Ptgs2 | Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2; Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays imp [...] (604 aa) |
| | Vmn2r65 | Vomeronasal 2, receptor 65. (845 aa) |
| | En2 | Homeobox protein engrailed-2. (324 aa) |
| | Cacna1b | Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1B gives rise to N-type calcium currents. N-type calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group and are specifically blocked by omega-conotoxin- GVIA (AC P01522) (By similarity). They are however insen [...] (2327 aa) |
| | Ptchd1 | Patched domain-containing protein 1; Required for the development and function of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), a part of the thalamus that is critical for thalamocortical transmission, generation of sleep rhythms, sensorimotor processing and attention; Belongs to the patched family. (888 aa) |
| | Arhgef11 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 11. (1552 aa) |
| | Gria1 | Glutamate receptor 1; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulati [...] (907 aa) |
| | Npy1r | Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1; Receptor for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY. (382 aa) |
| | Slc36a2 | Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 2; Involved in a pH-dependent electrogenic neuronal transport and sequestration of small amino acids amino acids such as glycine, alanine and proline. Inhibited by sarcosine. (478 aa) |
| | Hydin | Hydrocephalus-inducing protein; Required for ciliary motility. (5154 aa) |
| | Grn | Paragranulin; Secreted protein that acts as a key regulator of lysosomal function and as a growth factor involved in inflammation, wound healing and cell proliferation. Regulates protein trafficking to lysosomes and, also the activity of lysosomal enzymes. Facilitates also the acidification of lysosomes, causing degradation of mature CTSD by CTSB. In addition, functions as wound-related growth factor that acts directly on dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells to promote division, migration and the formation of capillary-like tubule structures. Also promotes epithelial cell prolifera [...] (602 aa) |
| | Rorb | Nuclear receptor ROR-beta; Nuclear receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to ROR response elements (RORE) containing a single core motif half-site 5'-AGGTCA-3' preceded by a short A-T-rich sequence. Considered to have intrinsic transcriptional activity, have some natural ligands such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and other retinoids which act as inverse agonists repressing the transcriptional activity. Required for normal postnatal development of rod and cone photoreceptor cells. Modulates rod photoreceptors differentiation at least by inducing the transcription factor NRL-mediated p [...] (470 aa) |
| | Arx | Homeobox protein ARX; Transcription factor required for normal brain development. May be important for maintenance of specific neuronal subtypes in the cerebral cortex and axonal guidance in the floor plate (By similarity). Belongs to the paired homeobox family. Bicoid subfamily. (564 aa) |
| | Oxtr | Oxytocin receptor; Receptor for oxytocin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily. (388 aa) |
| | Ino80 | Chromatin-remodeling ATPase INO80; ATPase component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and DNA repair. Binds DNA. As part of the INO80 complex, remodels chromatin by shifting nucleosomes. Regulates transcription upon recruitment by YY1 to YY1-activated genes, where it acts as an essential coactivator. Involved in UV-damage excision DNA repair. The contribution to DNA double-strand break repair appears to be largely indirect through transcriptional regulation. Involved in DNA replication. Required for microtubule as [...] (1559 aa) |
| | Frmd6 | FERM domain-containing protein 6. (622 aa) |
| | Bbs1 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 protein homolog; The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Firstly the BBSome associates with the ciliary membrane and binds to RAB3IP/Rabin8, the gua [...] (593 aa) |
| | Cnr1 | Cannabinoid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for cannabinoids, including endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upo [...] (473 aa) |
| | Npy4r | Neuropeptide Y receptor type 4; Receptor for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY. The rank order of affinity of this receptor for pancreatic polypeptides is PP >> PYY >= NPY. (375 aa) |
| | Bdnf | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Important signaling molecule that activates signaling cascades downstream of NTRK2. During development, promotes the survival and differentiation of selected neuronal populations of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Participates in axonal growth, pathfinding and in the modulation of dendritic growth and morphology. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentia [...] (257 aa) |
| | Tmie | Transmembrane inner ear expressed protein; Unknown. The protein may play some role in a cellular membrane location. May reside within an internal membrane compartment and function in pathways such as those involved in protein and/or vesicle trafficking. Alternatively, the mature protein may be localized in the plasma membrane and serve as a site of interaction for other molecules through its highly charged C-terminal domain. (153 aa) |
| | Rtl3 | Retrotransposon Gag-like protein 3; May function as a transcriptional regulator (Probable). Plays a role in postnatal myogenesis, may be involved in the regulation of satellite cells self-renewal. (553 aa) |
| | Hnmt | Histamine N-methyltransferase; Inactivates histamine by N-methylation. Plays an important role in degrading histamine and in regulating the airway response to histamine. (295 aa) |
| | Chst1 | Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of galactose (Gal) residues of keratan. Has a preference for sulfating keratan sulfate, but it also transfers sulfate to the unsulfated polymer. The sulfotransferase activity on sialyl LacNAc structures is much higher than the corresponding desialylated substrate, and only internal Gal residues are sulfated. May function in the sulfation of sialyl N-acetyllactosamine oligosaccharide chains attached to glycoproteins. P [...] (411 aa) |
| | Vapb | Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B; Participates in the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR) by inducing ERN1/IRE1 activity. Involved in cellular calcium homeostasis regulation. (243 aa) |
| | Mapk1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (358 aa) |
| | Egr1 | Early growth response protein 1; Transcriptional regulator. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'- GCG(T/G)GGGCG-3'(EGR-site) in the promoter region of target genes. Binds double-stranded target DNA, irrespective of the cytosine methylation status (By similarity). Regulates the transcription of numerous target genes, and thereby plays an important role in regulating the response to growth factors, DNA damage, and ischemia. Plays a role in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and cell death. Activates expression of p53/TP53 and TGFB1, and thereby helps prevent tumor form [...] (533 aa) |
| | Fev | Protein FEV; Functions as a transcriptional regulator. May function as a transcriptional repressor. Functions in the differentiation and the maintenance of the central serotonergic neurons. May play a role in cell growth. (237 aa) |
| | Gria2 | Glutamate receptor 2; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (883 aa) |
| | Drd2 | D(2) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (444 aa) |
| | Zic2 | Zinc finger protein ZIC 2; Acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor. Plays important roles in the early stage of organogenesis of the CNS. Activates the transcription of the serotonin transporter SERT in uncrossed ipsilateral retinal ganglion cells (iRGCs) to refine eye- specific projections in primary visual targets. Its transcriptional activity is repressed by MDFIC. Involved in the formation of the ipsilateral retinal projection at the optic chiasm midline. Drives the expression of EPHB1 on ipsilaterally projecting growth cones. Binds to the minimal GLI-consensus sequence 5' [...] (529 aa) |
| | Crtc1 | CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1; Transcriptional coactivator for CREB1 which activates transcription through both consensus and variant cAMP response element (CRE) sites. Acts as a coactivator, in the SIK/TORC signaling pathway, being active when dephosphorylated. Acts independently of CREB1 'Ser-133' phosphorylation. Enhances the interaction of CREB1 with TAF4. Regulates the expression of specific CREB-activated genes such as the steroidogenic gene, StAR. Potent coactivator of PGC1alpha and inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells (By similarity). In the hippocam [...] (630 aa) |
| | Gng8 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. This subunit may have a very specific role in the development and turnover of olfactory and vomeronasal neurons. (70 aa) |
| | Htt | Huntingtin, myristoylated N-terminal fragment; [Huntingtin]: May play a role in microtubule-mediated transport or vesicle function. (3120 aa) |
| | Syn1 | Synapsin-1; Neuronal phosphoprotein that coats synaptic vesicles, binds to the cytoskeleton, and is believed to function in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Regulation of neurotransmitter release. The complex formed with NOS1 and CAPON proteins is necessary for specific nitric-oxide functions at a presynaptic level. (706 aa) |
| | Xntrpc | Short transient receptor potential channel 2; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. May also be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. Plays a role in mediating responsivity to pheromones that elicit aggressive and mating behaviors. Required for response to the Esp1 pheromone which enhances female sexual receptive behavior and to the Esp22 pheromone which inhibits adult male mating behavior. (1264 aa) |
| | Brms1l | Breast cancer metastasis-suppressor 1-like protein; Involved in the histone deacetylase (HDAC1)-dependent transcriptional repression activity. When overexpressed in lung cancer cell line that lacks p53/TP53 expression, inhibits cell growth (By similarity); Belongs to the BRMS1 family. (323 aa) |
| | Fmr1 | Synaptic functional regulator FMR1; Multifunctional polyribosome-associated RNA-binding protein that plays a central role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity through the regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, mRNA stability, mRNA dendritic transport and postsynaptic local protein synthesis of a subset of mRNAs. Plays a role in the alternative splicing of its own mRNA. Plays a role in mRNA nuclear export. Together with export factor NXF2, is involved in the regulation of the NXF1 mRNA stability in neurons. Stabilizes the scaffolding postsynaptic density protein DLG4/PSD-95 [...] (614 aa) |
| | Lama2 | Laminin subunit alpha-2; Binding to cells via a high affinity receptor, laminin is thought to mediate the attachment, migration and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. (3118 aa) |
| | Hdac4 | Histone deacetylase 4; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Involved in muscle maturation via its interaction with the myocyte enhancer factors such as MEF2A, MEF2C and MEF2D. Deacetylates HSPA1A and HSPA1A at 'Lys-77' leading to their preferential binding to co-ch [...] (1076 aa) |
| | Lsamp | Limbic system-associated membrane protein; Mediates selective neuronal growth and axon targeting. Contributes to the guidance of developing axons and remodeling of mature circuits in the limbic system. Essential for normal growth of the hyppocampal mossy fiber projection (By similarity); Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. IgLON family. (338 aa) |
| | Sesn1 | Sestrin-1; Functions as an intracellular leucine sensor that negatively regulates the TORC1 signaling pathway through the GATOR complex. In absence of leucine, binds the GATOR subcomplex GATOR2 and prevents TORC1 signaling. Binding of leucine to SESN2 disrupts its interaction with GATOR2 thereby activating the TORC1 signaling pathway. This stress-inducible metabolic regulator may also play a role in protection against oxidative and genotoxic stresses. May positively regulate the transcription by NFE2L2 of genes involved in the response to oxidative stress by facilitating the SQSTM1-med [...] (551 aa) |
| | Gtf2ird1 | General transcription factor II-I repeat domain-containing protein 1; May be a transcription regulator involved in cell-cycle progression and skeletal muscle differentiation. May repress GTF2I transcriptional functions, by preventing its nuclear residency, or by inhibiting its transcriptional activation. May contribute to slow- twitch fiber type specificity during myogenesis and in regenerating muscles. Binds troponin I slow-muscle fiber enhancer (USE B1). Binds specifically and with high affinity to the EFG sequences derived from the early enhancer of HOXC8; Belongs to the TFII-I family. (1104 aa) |
| | Rap1gap2 | Rap1 GTPase-activating protein 2; GTPase activator for the nuclear Ras-related regulatory protein RAP-1A (KREV-1), converting it to the putatively inactive GDP- bound state. (712 aa) |
| | Camk2a | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that functions autonomously after Ca(2+)/calmodulin-binding and autophosphorylation, and is involved in synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release and long-term potentiation. Member of the NMDAR signaling complex in excitatory synapses, it regulates NMDAR-dependent potentiation of the AMPAR and therefore excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). Regulates dendritic spine development. Also regulates the migration of developing neurons (By similarity). Phosphorylates [...] (478 aa) |
| | Adora2a | Adenosine receptor A2a; Receptor for adenosine (By similarity). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase (By similarity). (410 aa) |
| | Esr1 | Estrogen receptor; Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE- independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial a [...] (599 aa) |
| | Trp73 | Tumor protein p73; Participates in the apoptotic response to DNA damage. Isoforms containing the transactivation domain are pro-apoptotic, isoforms lacking the domain are anti-apoptotic and block the function of p53 and transactivating p73 isoforms. May be a tumor suppressor protein. (638 aa) |
| | Tomt | Transmembrane O-methyltransferase homolog; Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Required for auditory function. Component of the cochlear hair cell's mechanotransduction (MET) machinery. Involved in the assembly of the asymmetric tip-link MET complex. Required for transportation of TMC1 and TMC2 proteins into the mechanically sensitive stereocilia of the hair cells. The function in MET is independent of the enzymatic activity ; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-de [...] (258 aa) |
| | Shank3 | SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3; Major scaffold postsynaptic density protein which interacts with multiple proteins and complexes to orchestrate the dendritic spine and synapse formation, maturation and maintenance. Interconnects receptors of the postsynaptic membrane including NMDA-type and metabotropic glutamate receptors via complexes with GKAP/PSD-95 and HOMER, respectively, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the structural and functional organization of the dendritic spine and synaptic junction through the interaction with Arp2/3 and WAVE1 complex [...] (1730 aa) |
| | Mkks | McKusick-Kaufman/Bardet-Biedl syndromes putative chaperonin; Probable molecular chaperone that assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis (By similarity). Plays a role in the assembly of BBSome, a complex involved in ciliogenesis regulating transports vesicles to the cilia. May play a role in protein processing in limb, cardiac and reproductive system development. May play a role in cytokinesis (By similarity). (570 aa) |
| | Kdm5c | Lysine-specific demethylase 5C; Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Does not demethylate histone H3 'Lys-9', H3 'Lys-27', H3 'Lys-36', H3 'Lys-79' or H4 'Lys-20'. Demethylates trimethylated and dimethylated but not monomethylated H3 'Lys-4'. Participates in transcriptional repression of neuronal genes by recruiting histone deacetylases and REST at neuron-restrictive silencer elements (By similarity). Represses the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer-mediated transcriptional activation of the core clock comp [...] (1551 aa) |
| | Rtl4 | Retrotransposon Gag-like protein 4; Involved in cognitive function in the brain, possibly via the noradrenergic system. (304 aa) |
| | Ciz1 | CDKN1A-interacting zinc finger protein 1. (845 aa) |
| | Syn3 | Synapsin-3; May be involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis. Binds ATP with high affinity and ADP with a lower affinity. This is consistent with a catalytic role of the C-domain in which ADP would be dissociated by cellular ATP after bound ATP was hydrolyzed (By similarity); Belongs to the synapsin family. (579 aa) |
| | Rgs2 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 2; Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP- bound form (By similarity). It is involved in the negative regulation of the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure in response to signaling via G protein-coupled receptors and GNAQ. Plays a role in regulating the constriction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Binds EIF2B5 and blocks i [...] (211 aa) |
| | Lgals3 | Galectin-3; Galactose-specific lectin which binds IgE. May mediate with the alpha-3, beta-1 integrin the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. Together with DMBT1, required for terminal differentiation of columnar epithelial cells during early embryogenesis. In the nucleus: acts as a pre-mRNA splicing factor. Involved in acute inflammatory responses including neutrophil activation and adhesion, chemoattraction of monocytes macrophages, opsonization of apoptotic neutrophils, and activation of mast cells. Together with TRIM16, coordinates the recognition of membrane damage [...] (264 aa) |
| | Zfp568 | Zinc finger protein 568; Has transcriptional repression activity, partially through the recruitment of the corepressor TRIM28 but has also repression activity independently of this interaction. Essential during embryonic development, where it acts as direct repressor of IGF2-P0, placental-specific transcript of IGF2, in early development and regulates convergent extension movements required for axis elongation and tissue morphogenesis in all germ layers. Also important for normal morphogenesis of extraembryonic tissues including the yolk sac, extraembryonic mesoderm and placenta. May e [...] (671 aa) |
| | Nos1 | Nitric oxide synthase, brain; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter. Probably has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such SRR. Isoform NNOS Mu may be an effector enzyme for the dystrophin complex. (1429 aa) |
| | Dlgap2 | Disks large-associated protein 2; May play a role in the molecular organization of synapses and neuronal cell signaling. Could be an adapter protein linking ion channel to the subsynaptic cytoskeleton. May induce enrichment of PSD- 95/SAP90 at the plasma membrane. (1060 aa) |
| | Chst3 | Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Can also sulfate Gal residues of keratan sulfate, another glycosaminoglycan, and the Gal residues in sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (sialyl LacNAc) oligosaccharides. May play a role in the maintenance of [...] (478 aa) |
| | Comt | Catechol O-methyltransferase; Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA and isoproterenol; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family. (265 aa) |
| | Gcnt4 | Beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4; Glycosyltransferase that mediates core 2 O-glycan branching, an important step in mucin-type biosynthesis. Does not have core 4 O- glycan or I-branching enzyme activity. (455 aa) |
| | Mc5r | Melanocortin receptor 5; Receptor for MSH (alpha, beta and gamma) and ACTH. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. This receptor is a possible mediator of the immunomodulation properties of melanocortins. (372 aa) |
| | Cic | Protein capicua homolog; Transcriptional repressor which plays a role in development of the central nervous system (CNS). In concert with ATXN1 and ATXN1L, involved in brain development. (2510 aa) |
| | Arhgap32 | Rho GTPase-activating protein 32; GTPase-activating protein (GAP) promoting GTP hydrolysis on RHOA, CDC42 and RAC1 small GTPases. May be involved in the differentiation of neuronal cells during the formation of neurite extensions. Involved in NMDA receptor activity-dependent actin reorganization in dendritic spines. May mediate cross-talks between Ras- and Rho-regulated signaling pathways in cell growth regulation. Isoform 2 has higher GAP activity. (2089 aa) |
| | Gprasp2 | G-protein coupled receptor-associated sorting protein 2; May play a role in regulation of a variety of G-protein coupled receptors. (826 aa) |
| | Dst | Dystonin; Cytoskeletal linker protein. Acts as an integrator of intermediate filaments, actin and microtubule cytoskeleton networks. Required for anchoring either intermediate filaments to the actin cytoskeleton in neural and muscle cells or keratin-containing intermediate filaments to hemidesmosomes in epithelial cells. The proteins may self-aggregate to form filaments or a two-dimensional mesh. Regulates the organization and stability of the microtubule network of sensory neurons to allow axonal transport. Mediates docking of the dynein/dynactin motor complex to vesicle cargos for re [...] (7717 aa) |
| | Htr1b | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B; G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various alkaloids and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. Arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Regulates the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopami [...] (386 aa) |
| | Mag | Myelin-associated glycoprotein; Adhesion molecule that mediates interactions between myelinating cells and neurons by binding to neuronal sialic acid- containing gangliosides and to the glycoproteins RTN4R and RTN4RL2. Not required for initial myelination, but seems to play a role in the maintenance of normal axon myelination. Protects motoneurons against apoptosis, also after injury; protection against apoptosis is probably mediated via interaction with neuronal RTN4R and RTN4RL2. Required to prevent degeneration of myelinated axons in adults; this probably depends on binding to gangl [...] (582 aa) |
| | Kirrel3 | Processed kin of IRRE-like protein 3; Synaptic adhesion molecule required for the formation of target-specific synapses. Required for formation of target-specific synapses at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. Required for formation of mossy fiber filopodia, the synaptic structures connecting dentate granule and GABA neurons. Probably acts as a homophilic adhesion molecule that promotes trans-cellular interactions and stabilize mossy fiber filipodia contact and subsequent synapse formation. Required for the coalescence of vomeronasal sensory neuron axons. May be involved in the hematopo [...] (777 aa) |
| | Nlgn1 | Neuroligin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, and probably mediates its effects by recruiting and clustering other synaptic proteins. May promote the initial formation of synapses, but is not essential for this. In vitro, triggers the de novo formation of presynaptic structures. May be involved in specification of excitatory synapses. Required to maintain wakefulness quality and normal synchrony of cerebral cortex activity during wakefulness and [...] (843 aa) |
| | Lrrc7 | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 7; Required for normal synaptic spine architecture and function. Necessary for DISC1 and GRM5 localization to postsynaptic density complexes and for both N-methyl D-aspartate receptor-dependent and metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long term depression. (1495 aa) |
| | Map6 | Microtubule-associated protein 6; Involved in microtubule stabilization in many cell types, including neuronal cells. Specifically has microtubule cold stabilizing activity. Involved in dendrite morphogenesis and maintenance by regulating lysosomal trafficking via its interaction with TMEM106B (By similarity). Regulates KIF5A-mediated axonal cargo transport (By similarity). Regulates axonal growth during neuron polarization. ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q96JE9. (906 aa) |
| | Esr2 | Estrogen receptor beta; Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1 (ER-alpha), and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner. May play a role in ovarian follicular growth and maturation; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (567 aa) |
| | Pomc | Corticotropin-like intermediary peptide; [Corticotropin]: Stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol. [Melanocyte-stimulating hormone beta]: Increases the pigmentation of skin by increasing melanin production in melanocytes. [Met-enkephalin]: Endogenous opiate. (235 aa) |
