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| | Grik5 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5; Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds kainate > quisqualate = glutamate >> AMPA. (979 aa) |
| | Clcn3 | H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3; Mediates the exchange of chloride ions against protons. Functions as antiporter and contributes to the acidification of the endosome and synaptic vesicle lumen, and may thereby affect vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. May play an important role in neuronal cell function through regulation of membrane excitability by protein kinase C. It could help neuronal cells to establish short-term memory. Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClC- 3/CLCN3 subfamily. (866 aa) |
| | App | Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G [...] (695 aa) |
| | Slc1a3 | Excitatory amino acid transporter 1; Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (By similarity). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate. (543 aa) |
| | Sptbn2 | Spectrin beta chain; Belongs to the spectrin family. (2388 aa) |
| | Pten | Phosphatase and tensin homolog; In motile cells, suppresses the formation of lateral pseudopods and thereby promotes cell polarization and directed movement (By similarity). Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine- phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4- diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5- tetrakisphosphate with order of subst [...] (403 aa) |
| | Gdi1 | Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha; Regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of most Rab proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP to them. Promotes the dissociation of GDP-bound Rab proteins from the membrane and inhibits their activation. Promotes the dissociation of RAB1A, RAB3A, RAB5A and RAB10 from membranes. (447 aa) |
| | Cacng2 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit; Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA- selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state (By similarity). (323 aa) |
| | Eif4ebp2 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 2; Repressor of translation initiation involved in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory formation. Regulates EIF4E activity by preventing its assembly into the eIF4F complex: hypophosphorylated form of EIF4EBP2 competes with EIF4G1/EIF4G3 and strongly binds to EIF4E, leading to repress translation. In contrast, hyperphosphorylated form dissociates from EIF4E, allowing interaction between EIF4G1/EIF4G3 and EIF4E, leading to initiation of translation. EIF4EBP2 is enriched in brain and acts as a regulator of synapse activity [...] (120 aa) |
| | Adcy1 | Adenylate cyclase type 1; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling. Mediates responses to increased cellular Ca(2+)/calmodulin levels. May be involved in regulatory processes in the central nervous system. May play a role in memory and learning. Plays a role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm of daytime contrast sensitivity probably by modulating the rhythmic synthesis of cyclic AMP in the retina. (1118 aa) |
| | Cacng4 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit; Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit (By similarity). Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs), including GRIA1 and GRIA4. Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization and by mediating their resensitization. (327 aa) |
| | Thrb | Thyroid hormone receptor beta; Nuclear hormone receptor that can act as a repressor or activator of transcription. High affinity receptor for thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily. (475 aa) |
| | Chrna2 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. (512 aa) |
| | Mapk8ip2 | C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 2; The JNK-interacting protein (JIP) group of scaffold proteins selectively mediates JNK signaling by aggregating specific components of the MAPK cascade to form a functional JNK signaling module. JIP2 inhibits IL1 beta-induced apoptosis in insulin-secreting cells (By similarity). (830 aa) |
| | Igsf11 | Immunoglobulin superfamily member 11; Functions as a cell adhesion molecule through homophilic interaction. Stimulates cell growth (By similarity). (428 aa) |
| | Gabbr1 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1; Component of a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor for GABA, formed by GABBR1 and GABBR2. Within the heterodimeric GABA receptor, only GABBR1 seems to bind agonists, while GABBR2 mediates coupling to G proteins (By similarity). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase, stimulates phospholipase A2, activates potassium channels, inactivate [...] (960 aa) |
| | Serpine2 | Glia-derived nexin; Serine protease inhibitor with activity toward thrombin, trypsin, and urokinase. Promotes neurite extension by inhibiting thrombin. Binds heparin. (397 aa) |
| | Grin1 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. (938 aa) |
| | Trpc3 | Short transient receptor potential channel 3; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) in a membrane-delimited fashion, independently of protein kinase C, and by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (ITPR) with bound IP3 (By similarity). May also be activated by internal calcium store depletion. Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. STrpC subfamily. TRPC [...] (910 aa) |
| | Trpc4 | Short transient receptor potential channel 4; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Acts as a cell-cell contact-dependent endothelial calcium entry channel. Has also been shown to be calcium- selective (By similarity). May also be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. Trpc4 deficient mice lack a store-operated calcium entry in endothelial cells. (974 aa) |
| | Nbea | Neurobeachin; Binds to type II regulatory subunits of protein kinase A and anchors/targets them to the membrane. May anchor the kinase to cytoskeletal and/or organelle-associated proteins. May have a role in membrane trafficking. (2936 aa) |
| | Unc13a | Protein unc-13 homolog A; Plays a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. Involved in neurotransmitter release by acting in synaptic vesicle priming prior to vesicle fusion and participates in the activity-dependent refilling of readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP). Essential for synaptic vesicle maturation in most excitatory/glutamatergic but not inhibitory/GABA- mediated synapses. Facilitates neuronal dense core vesicles fusion as well as controls the location and efficiency of their synaptic release. Also involved in [...] (1712 aa) |
| | Pclo | Protein piccolo; Scaffold protein of the presynaptic cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ) which is the place in the synapse where neurotransmitter is released. After synthesis, participates in the formation of Golgi-derived membranous organelles termed Piccolo-Bassoon transport vesicles (PTVs) that are transported along axons to sites of nascent synaptic contacts (By similarity). At the presynaptic active zone, regulates the spatial organization of synaptic vesicle cluster, the protein complexes that execute membrane fusion and compensatory endocytosis (By similarity). Organizes as well [...] (5068 aa) |
| | Cdk5 | Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5; Proline-directed serine/threonine-protein kinase essential for neuronal cell cycle arrest and differentiation and may be involved in apoptotic cell death in neuronal diseases by triggering abortive cell cycle re-entry. Interacts with D1 and D3-type G1 cyclins. Phosphorylates SRC, NOS3, VIM/vimentin, p35/CDK5R1, MEF2A, SIPA1L1, SH3GLB1, PXN, PAK1, MCAM/MUC18, SEPT5, SYN1, DNM1, AMPH, SYNJ1, CDK16, RAC1, RHOA, CDC42, TONEBP/NFAT5, MAPT/TAU, MAP1B, histone H1, p53/TP53, HDAC1, APEX1, PTK2/FAK1, huntingtin/HTT, ATM, MAP2, NEFH and NEFM. Regulates several neu [...] (292 aa) |
| | Gabrd | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta; GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. (449 aa) |
| | Itpr1 | Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1; Intracellular channel that mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum following stimulation by inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate. Involved in the regulation of epithelial secretion of electrolytes and fluid through the interaction with AHCYL1. Plays a role in ER stress-induced apoptosis. Cytoplasmic calcium released from the ER triggers apoptosis by the activation of CaM kinase II, eventually leading to the activation of downstream apoptosis pathways. (2749 aa) |
| | Pianp | PILR alpha-associated neural protein; Acts as a ligand for PILRA in neuronal tissues, where it may be involved in immune regulation. (278 aa) |
| | Slc17a6 | Vesicular glutamate transporter 2; Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. (582 aa) |
| | Tyrobp | TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein; Adapter protein which non-covalently associates with activating receptors found on the surface of a variety of immune cells to mediate signaling and cell activation following ligand binding by the receptors. TYROBP is tyrosine- phosphorylated in the ITAM domain following ligand binding by the associated receptors which leads to activation of additional tyrosine kinases and subsequent cell activation. Also has an inhibitory role in some cells. Non-covalently associates with activating receptors of the CD300 family to mediate cell activation [...] (114 aa) |
| | Calca | Calcitonin; Causes a rapid but short-lived drop in the level of calcium and phosphate in blood by promoting the incorporation of those ions in the bones. (136 aa) |
| | Cckbr | Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor; Receptor for gastrin and cholecystokinin. The CCK-B receptors occur throughout the central nervous system where they modulate anxiety, analgesia, arousal, and neuroleptic activity. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system (By similarity). Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (453 aa) |
| | Fgf13 | Fibroblast growth factor 13; Microtubule-binding protein which directly binds tubulin and is involved in both polymerization and stabilization of microtubules. Through its action on microtubules, may participate to the refinement of axons by negatively regulating axonal and leading processes branching. Plays a crucial role in neuron polarization and migration in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. May regulate voltage-gated sodium channels transport and function. May also play a role in MAPK signaling. Required for the development of axonal initial segment-targeting inhibitory GAB [...] (245 aa) |
| | Rps6ka3 | Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of ERK (MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1) signaling and mediates mitogenic and stress-induced activation of the transcription factors CREB1, ETV1/ER81 and NR4A1/NUR77, regulates translation through RPS6 and EIF4B phosphorylation, and mediates cellular proliferation, survival, and differentiation by modulating mTOR signaling and repressing pro- apoptotic function of BAD and DAPK1. In fibroblast, is required for EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of CREB1 and histone H3 at 'Ser-10', which results in the subseq [...] (740 aa) |
| | Mecp2 | Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2; Chromosomal protein that binds to methylated DNA. It can bind specifically to a single methyl-CpG pair. It is not influenced by sequences flanking the methyl-CpGs. Mediates transcriptional repression through interaction with histone deacetylase and the corepressor SIN3. Binds both 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)- containing DNA, with a preference for 5-methylcytosine (5mC). (501 aa) |
| | Cbln1 | [des-Ser1]-cerebellin; Required for synapse integrity and synaptic plasticity. During cerebellar synapse formation, essential for the matching and maintenance of pre- and post-synaptic elements at parallel fiber- Purkinje cell synapses, the establishment of the proper pattern of climbing fiber-Purkinje cell innervation, and induction of long-term depression at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. Plays a role as a synaptic organizer that acts bidirectionally on both pre- and post-synaptic components. On the one hand induces accumulation of synaptic vesicles in the pre-synaptic part b [...] (193 aa) |
| | Zdhhc7 | Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC7; Palmitoyltransferase with broad specificity. Palmitoylates JAM3 (By similarity). Palmitoylates SNAP25 and DLG4/PSD95. Palmitoylates sex steroid hormone receptors, including ESR1, PGR and AR, thereby regulating their targeting to the plasma membrane and their function in rapid intracellular signaling upon binding of sex hormones (By similarity). May play a role in follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) activation of testicular Sertoli cells (By similarity). (308 aa) |
| | Dscaml1 | Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule-like protein 1 homolog; Cell adhesion molecule that plays a role in neuronal self- avoidance. Promotes repulsion between specific neuronal processes of either the same cell or the same subtype of cells. Promotes both isoneuronal self-avoidance for creating an orderly neurite arborization in retinal rod bipolar cells and heteroneuronal self-avoidance to maintain mosaic spacing between AII amacrine cells. Adhesion molecule that promotes lamina-specific synaptic connections in the retina: expressed in specific subsets of interneurons and retinal gangli [...] (2111 aa) |
| | Nedd4 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Specifically ubiquitinates 'Lys-63' in target proteins (By similarity). Monoubiquitinates IGF1R at multiple sites, thus leading to receptor internalization and degradation in lysosomes. Ubiquitinates FGFR1, leading to receptor internalization and degradation in lysosomes. Involved in ubiquitination of ERBB4 intracellular domain E4ICD1. Predominantly involved in ubiquiti [...] (887 aa) |
| | Rora | Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha; Nuclear receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to ROR response elements (RORE) containing a single core motif half-site 5'-AGGTCA-3' preceded by a short A-T-rich sequence. Key regulator of embryonic development, cellular differentiation, immunity, circadian rhythm as well as lipid, steroid, xenobiotics and glucose metabolism. Considered to have intrinsic transcriptional activity, have some natural ligands like oxysterols that act as agonists (25-hydroxycholesterol) or inverse agonists (7-oxygenated sterols), enhancing or repressing the transcriptional activity [...] (523 aa) |
| | Cspg5 | Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5; May function as a growth and differentiation factor involved in neuritogenesis. May induce ERBB3 activation. (566 aa) |
| | Scamp5 | Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 5; Required for the calcium-dependent exocytosis of signal sequence-containing cytokines such as CCL5. Probably acts in cooperation with the SNARE machinery (By similarity). (235 aa) |
| | Clstn1 | Soluble Alc-alpha; Induces KLC1 association with vesicles and functions as a cargo in axonal anterograde transport. Complex formation with APBA2 and APP, stabilizes APP metabolism and enhances APBA2-mediated suppression of beta-APP40 secretion, due to the retardation of intracellular APP maturation. In complex with APBA2 and C99, a C-terminal APP fragment, abolishes C99 interaction with PSEN1 and thus APP C99 cleavage by gamma-secretase, most probably through stabilization of the direct interaction between APBA2 and APP. As intracellular fragment AlcICD, suppresses APBB1-dependent tran [...] (979 aa) |
| | Grm1 | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. May participate in the central action of glutamate in the CNS, such as long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and long-term depression in the cerebellum (By. similarity). May function in the light response in the retina. (1199 aa) |
| | Gabrb3 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3; Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA- gated ion channel. The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer. The a [...] (473 aa) |
| | Cplx1 | Complexin-1; Positively regulates a late step in exocytosis of various cytoplasmic vesicles, such as synaptic vesicles and other secretory vesicles. Organizes the SNAREs into a cross-linked zigzag topology that, when interposed between the vesicle and plasma membranes, is incompatible with fusion, thereby preventing SNAREs from releasing neurotransmitters until an action potential arrives at the synapse. Also involved in glucose-induced secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta-cells. Essential for motor behavior ; Belongs to the complexin/synaphin family. (134 aa) |
| | Rab3gap1 | Rab3 GTPase-activating protein catalytic subunit; Probable catalytic subunit of a GTPase activating protein that has specificity for Rab3 subfamily (RAB3A, RAB3B, RAB3C and RAB3D). Rab3 proteins are involved in regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitters and hormones. Specifically converts active Rab3-GTP to the inactive form Rab3-GDP. Required for normal eye and brain development. May participate in neurodevelopmental processes such as proliferation, migration and differentiation before synapse formation, and non-synaptic vesicular release of neurotransmitters (By similarity). (981 aa) |
| | Dner | Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor; Mediates neuron-glia interaction during astrocytogenesis. May promote differentiation of Bergmann glia during cerebellar development by activating DELTEX-dependent NOTCH1 signaling. (737 aa) |
| | Tmem108 | Transmembrane protein 108; Transmembrane protein required for proper cognitive functions. Involved in the development of dentate gyrus (DG) neuron circuitry, is necessary for AMPA receptors surface expression and proper excitatory postsynaptic currents of DG granule neurons. Regulates the organization and stability of the microtubule network of sensory neurons to allow axonal transport. Through the interaction with DST, mediates the docking of the dynein/dynactin motor complex to vesicle cargos for retrograde axonal transport. In hippocampal neurons, required for BDNF- dependent dendri [...] (574 aa) |
| | Dagla | Sn1-specific diacylglycerol lipase alpha; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of diacylglycerol (DAG) to 2- arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), the most abundant endocannabinoid in tissues. Required for axonal growth during development and for retrograde synaptic signaling at mature synapses (By similarity). Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family. (1044 aa) |
| | Cc2d1a | Coiled-coil and C2 domain-containing protein 1A; Transcription factor that binds specifically to the DRE (dual repressor element) and represses HTR1A gene transcription in neuronal cells. The combination of calcium and ATP specifically inactivates the binding with FRE. May play a role in the altered regulation of HTR1A associated with anxiety and major depression. Mediates HDAC-independent repression of HTR1A promoter in neuronal cell. Performs essential function in controlling functional maturation of synapses. Belongs to the CC2D1 family. (943 aa) |
| | Camk4 | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that operates in the calcium-triggered CaMKK-CaMK4 signaling cascade and regulates, mainly by phosphorylation, the activity of several transcription activators, such as CREB1, MEF2D, JUN and RORA, which play pivotal roles in immune response, inflammation, and memory consolidation. In the thymus, regulates the CD4(+)/CD8(+) double positive thymocytes selection threshold during T-cell ontogeny. In CD4 memory T-cells, is required to link T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling to the productio [...] (469 aa) |
| | Tbr1 | T-box brain protein 1; Transcriptional repressor involved in multiple aspects of cortical development, including neuronal migration, laminar and areal identity, and axonal projection. As transcriptional repressor of FEZF2, it blocks the formation of the corticospinal (CS) tract from layer 6 projection neurons, thereby restricting the origin of CS axons specifically to layer 5 neurons. (681 aa) |
| | Ppp1r9a | Neural tissue-specific F-actin binding protein. (1095 aa) |
| | Lrfn2 | Leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 2; Promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. Enhances the cell surface expression of 2 NMDA receptor subunits GRIN1 and GRIN2A (By similarity). May play a role in redistributing DLG4 to the cell periphery; Belongs to the LRFN family. (788 aa) |
| | C1qa | Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A; C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proenzyme complex, and efficient activation of C1 takes place on interaction of the globular heads of C1q with the Fc regions of IgG or IgM antibody present in immune complexes. (245 aa) |
| | Ccdc88a | Girdin; Bifunctional modulator of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) (By similarity). Acts as a non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor which binds to and activates guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) alpha subunits (By similarity). Also acts as a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor for guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha GNAS (By similarity). Essential for cell migration (By similarity). Interacts in complex with G(i) alpha subunits with the EGFR receptor, retaining EGFR at the cell membrane following ligand stimulation and promoting E [...] (1845 aa) |
| | Trpc5 | Short transient receptor potential channel 5; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Has also been shown to be calcium-selective. May also be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. (975 aa) |
| | Gpr158 | Probable G-protein coupled receptor 158; Orphan receptor; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family. (1200 aa) |
| | Plppr4 | Phospholipid phosphatase-related protein type 4; Hydrolyzes lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Facilitates axonal outgrowth during development and regenerative sprouting. In the outgrowing axons acts as an ecto-enzyme and attenuates phospholipid- induced axon collapse in neurons and facilitates outgrowth in the hippocampus (By similarity). (766 aa) |
| | Lrrk2 | Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which phosphorylates a broad range of proteins involved in multiple processes such as neuronal plasticity, autophagy, and vesicle trafficking. Is a key regulator of RAB GTPases by regulating the GTP/GDP exchange and interaction partners of RABs through phosphorylation. Phosphorylates RAB3A, RAB3B, RAB3C, RAB3D, RAB8A, RAB8B, RAB10, RAB12, RAB35, and RAB43. Regulates the RAB3IP-catalyzed GDP/GTP exchange for RAB8A through the phosphorylation of 'Thr-72' on RAB8A (By similarity). Inhibits the interacti [...] (2527 aa) |
| | Eps8 | Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8; Signaling adapter that controls various cellular protrusions by regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and architecture. Depending on its association with other signal transducers, can regulate different processes. Together with SOS1 and ABI1, forms a trimeric complex that participates in transduction of signals from Ras to Rac by activating the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity. Acts as a direct regulator of actin dynamics by binding actin filaments and has both barbed-end actin filament capping and acti [...] (821 aa) |
| | Lrrc4b | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 4B; Synaptic adhesion protein. Regulates the formation of excitatory synapses. The trans-synaptic adhesion between LRRC4B and PTPRF regulates the formation of excitatory synapses in a bidirectional manner (By similarity). (709 aa) |
| | S1pr2 | Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2; Receptor for the lysosphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) (By similarity). S1P is a bioactive lysophospholipid that elicits diverse physiological effects on most types of cells and tissues (By similarity). Receptor for the chemokine-like protein FAM19A5 (By similarity). Mediates the inhibitory effect of FAM19A5 on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration (By similarity). (352 aa) |
| | Elfn1 | Protein ELFN1; Postsynaptic protein that regulates circuit dynamics in the central nervous system by modulating the temporal dynamics of interneuron recruitment. Specifically present in excitatory synapses onto oriens-lacunosum molecular (OLM) interneurons and acts as a regulator of presynaptic release probability to direct the formation of highly facilitating pyramidal-OLM synapses. Inhibits phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complexes. (828 aa) |
| | Kcnj10 | ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 10; May be responsible for potassium buffering action of glial cells in the brain. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by extracellu [...] (379 aa) |
| | Neto1 | Neuropilin and tolloid-like protein 1; Involved in the development and/or maintenance of neuronal circuitry. Accessory subunit of the neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) critical for maintaining the abundance of GRIN2A- containing NMDARs in the postsynaptic density. Regulates long-term NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity and cognition, at least in the context of spatial learning and memory. (533 aa) |
| | Grin2b | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. In concert with DAPK1 at extrasynaptic sites, acts as a central mediator for stroke damage. [...] (1482 aa) |
| | Grm7 | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7; G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity (By similarity). (922 aa) |
| | Cadps | Calcium-dependent secretion activator 1; Calcium-binding protein involved in exocytosis of vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Probably acts upstream of fusion in the biogenesis or maintenance of mature secretory vesicles. Regulates catecholamine loading of DCVs. May specifically mediate the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles (DCVs) and other dense-core vesicles by acting as a PtdIns(4,5)P2- binding protein that acts at prefusion step following ATP-dependent priming and participates in DCVs-membrane fusion. However, it may also participate in [...] (1361 aa) |
| | Nlgn3 | Neuroligin-3; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, and probably mediates its effects by recruiting and clustering other synaptic proteins. May promote the initial formation of synapses, but is not essential for this. May also play a role in glia-glia or glia-neuron interactions in the developing peripheral nervous system. Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. (825 aa) |
| | Lep | Leptin; Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways. In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal met [...] (167 aa) |
| | Srr | Serine racemase; Catalyzes the synthesis of D-serine from L-serine. D-serine is a key coagonist with glutamate at NMDA receptors. Has dehydratase activity towards both L-serine and D-serine. (339 aa) |
| | Pfn2 | Profilin-2; Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations. By binding to PIP2, it inhibits the formation of IP3 and DG. (140 aa) |
| | Madd | MAP kinase-activating death domain protein; Plays a significant role in regulating cell proliferation, survival and death through alternative mRNA splicing. Converts GDP- bound inactive form of RAB3A, RAB3C and RAB3D to the GTP-bound active forms. Component of the TNFRSF1A signaling complex: MADD links TNFRSF1A with MAP kinase activation. Plays an important regulatory role in physiological cell death (TNF-alpha-induced, caspase-mediated apoptosis). (1627 aa) |
| | Nrg1 | Neuregulin-1 type III beta1-a. (700 aa) |
| | Gsg1l | Germ cell-specific gene 1-like protein; As a component of the inner core of AMPAR complexes, modifies AMPA receptor (AMPAR) gating; Belongs to the GSG1 family. (322 aa) |
| | Gria2 | Glutamate receptor 2; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (883 aa) |
| | Drd2 | D(2) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (444 aa) |
| | Ext1 | Exostosin-1; Glycosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of heparan- sulfate. The EXT1/EXT2 complex possesses substantially higher glycosyltransferase activity than EXT1 or EXT2 alone. Required for the exosomal release of SDCBP, CD63 and syndecan (By similarity). (746 aa) |
| | Slc17a7 | Vesicular glutamate transporter 1; Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. (560 aa) |
| | Adora1 | Adenosine receptor A1; Receptor for adenosine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (326 aa) |
| | Dlg3 | Disks large homolog 3; Required for learning most likely through its role in synaptic plasticity following NMDA receptor signaling. (849 aa) |
| | Dgkg | Diacylglycerol kinase gamma. (788 aa) |
| | Gpr88 | Probable G-protein coupled receptor 88; Probable G-protein coupled receptor implicated in a large repertoire of behavioral responses that engage motor activities, spatial learning, and emotional processing. May play a role in the regulation of cognitive and motor function. (384 aa) |
| | Sez6 | Seizure protein 6; May play a role in cell-cell recognition and in neuronal membrane signaling. Seems to be important for the achievement of the necessary balance between dendrite elongation and branching during the elaboration of a complex dendritic arbor. Involved in the development of appropriate excitatory synaptic connectivity. (991 aa) |
| | Grid2 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2; Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. Promotes synaptogenesis and mediates the D-Serine-dependent long term depression signals and AMPA receptor endocytosis of cerebellar parallel fiber- Purkinje cell (PF-PC) synapses through the beta-NRX1-CBLN1-GRID2 triad complex. (1007 aa) |
| | Rims1 | Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1; Rab effector involved in exocytosis. May act as scaffold protein that regulates neurotransmitter release at the active zone. Essential for maintaining normal probability of neurotransmitter release and for regulating release during short-term synaptic plasticity. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (By similarity). (1424 aa) |
| | Snap91 | Clathrin coat assembly protein AP180; Adaptins are components of the adaptor complexes which link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. Clathrin-associated protein complexes are believed to interact with the cytoplasmic tails of membrane proteins, leading to their selection and concentration. Binding of AP180 to clathrin triskelia induces their assembly into 60- 70 nm coats; Belongs to the PICALM/SNAP91 family. (838 aa) |
| | Prkcg | Protein kinase C gamma type; Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays diverse roles in neuronal cells and eye tissues, such as regulation of the neuronal receptors GRIA4/GLUR4 and GRIN1/NMDAR1, modulation of receptors and neuronal functions related to sensitivity to opiates, pain and alcohol, mediation of synaptic function and cell survival after ischemia, and inhibition of gap junction activity after oxidative stress. Binds and phosphorylates GRIA4/GLUR4 glutamate receptor and regulates its function by increasing p [...] (697 aa) |
| | Camk2a | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that functions autonomously after Ca(2+)/calmodulin-binding and autophosphorylation, and is involved in synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release and long-term potentiation. Member of the NMDAR signaling complex in excitatory synapses, it regulates NMDAR-dependent potentiation of the AMPAR and therefore excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). Regulates dendritic spine development. Also regulates the migration of developing neurons (By similarity). Phosphorylates [...] (478 aa) |
| | Syt1 | Synaptotagmin-1; Calcium sensor that participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse. May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone. A Ca(2+)- dependent interaction between synaptotagmin and putative receptors for activated protein kinase C has also been reported. It can bind to at least three additional proteins in a Ca(2+)-independent manner; these are neur [...] (421 aa) |
| | Lrrtm3 | Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein 3; May play a role in the development and maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system. Exhibits a limited synaptogenic activity in vitro, restricted to excitatory presynaptic differentiation (By similarity); Belongs to the LRRTM family. (582 aa) |
| | Stx1b | Syntaxin-1B; Potentially involved in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones (By similarity). May mediate Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis acrosomal reaction in sperm; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (288 aa) |
| | Grin2c | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. Plays a role in regulating the balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity of pyrami [...] (1239 aa) |
| | Cdc42ep4 | Cdc42 effector protein 4; Probably involved in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. May act downstream of CDC42 to induce actin filament assembly leading to cell shape changes. Induces pseudopodia formation, when overexpressed in fibroblasts; Belongs to the BORG/CEP family. (349 aa) |
| | Dlg2 | Disks large homolog 2; Required for perception of chronic pain through NMDA receptor signaling. Regulates surface expression of NMDA receptors in dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord. Interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA receptor subunits as well as inward rectifying potassium channels. Involved in regulation of synaptic stability at cholinergic synapses. Part of the postsynaptic protein scaffold of excitatory synapses. (852 aa) |
| | Gabbr2 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2; Component of a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor for GABA, formed by GABBR1 and GABBR2. Within the heterodimeric GABA receptor, only GABBR1 seems to bind agonists, while GABBR2 mediates coupling to G proteins (By similarity). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase, stimulates phospholipase A2, activates potassium channels, inactivate [...] (940 aa) |
| | Nlgn2 | Neuroligin-2; Transmembrane scaffolding protein involved in cell-cell interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Mediates cell-cell interactions both in neurons and in other types of cells, such as Langerhans beta cells. Mediates cell-cell interactions between Langerhans beta cells and modulates insulin secretion (By similarity). Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, especially via gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(A) receptors). Functions by recruiting and clustering synaptic proteins. Promotes clustering of postsynaptic GABRG2 a [...] (836 aa) |
| | Shank3 | SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3; Major scaffold postsynaptic density protein which interacts with multiple proteins and complexes to orchestrate the dendritic spine and synapse formation, maturation and maintenance. Interconnects receptors of the postsynaptic membrane including NMDA-type and metabotropic glutamate receptors via complexes with GKAP/PSD-95 and HOMER, respectively, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the structural and functional organization of the dendritic spine and synaptic junction through the interaction with Arp2/3 and WAVE1 complex [...] (1730 aa) |
| | Bcl11a | B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A; May play a role in hematopoiesis. Essential factor in lymphopoiesis, required for B-cell formation in fetal liver. May function as a modulator of the transcriptional repression activity of ARP1. (835 aa) |
| | Plcb1 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. (1216 aa) |
| | Scn1a | Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Plays a key role in brain, probably by regulating the moment when neurotransmitters are released in neurons. Involved in sensory perception of mechanical pain: activation in somatosensory neurons induces pain without neurogenic inflammatio [...] (2009 aa) |
| | Fstl1 | Follistatin-related protein 1; May modulate the action of some growth factors on cell proliferation and differentiation. Binds heparin (By similarity). (306 aa) |
| | Grik4 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4; Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds kainate > quisqualate > glutamate >> AMPA (By similarity). (956 aa) |
| | Kalrn | Kalirin; Promotes the exchange of GDP by GTP. Activates specific Rho GTPase family members, thereby inducing various signaling mechanisms that regulate neuronal shape, growth, and plasticity, through their effects on the actin cytoskeleton. Induces lamellipodia independent of its GEF activity (By similarity); Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (1654 aa) |
| | Shisa7 | Protein shisa-7; Transmembrane protein that regulates gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA(A)R) trafficking, channel deactivation kinetics and pharmacology, necessary for fast inhibitory transmission in the brain. Enhances the action of benzodiazepine, a primary GABA(A)Rs target drug, in the brain. May affect channel kinetics of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPAR), the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, necessary for synaptic hippocampal plasticity, and memory recall (Probable). May regulate the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation at Schaffer collatera [...] (541 aa) |
| | Cacna1a | Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1A gives rise to P and/or Q- type calcium currents. P/Q-type calcium channels belong to the 'high- voltage activated' (HVA) group and are specifically blocked by the spider omega-agatoxin-IVA (AC P54282) (By similarity). [...] (2368 aa) |
| | Syt2 | Synaptotagmin-2; Exhibits calcium-dependent phospholipid and inositol polyphosphate binding properties. May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (By similarity). (Microbial infection) Receptor for C.botulinum neurotoxin type G (BoNT/G, botG); gangliosides are not required for (or only very slightly improve) binding to a membrane-anchored receptor fragment. The toxin binds via the vesicular domain (residues 47-55) ; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (422 aa) |
| | Syn3 | Synapsin-3; May be involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis. Binds ATP with high affinity and ADP with a lower affinity. This is consistent with a catalytic role of the C-domain in which ADP would be dissociated by cellular ATP after bound ATP was hydrolyzed (By similarity); Belongs to the synapsin family. (579 aa) |
| | Inpp4a | Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type I A; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 4-position phosphate of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate. Catalyzes also inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate and inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (By similarity). Antagonizes the PI3K-AKT/PKB signaling pathway by dephosphorylating phosphoinositides and thereby modulating cell cycle progression and cell survival. May protect neurons from excitotoxic cell death by regulating the synaptic localization of cell surface N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) and NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic current. (977 aa) |
| | C330021F23Rik | Ribosomal protein S23, retrogene 1. (141 aa) |
| | Prrt2 | Proline-rich transmembrane protein 2; As a component of the outer core of AMPAR complex, may be involved in synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. In hippocampal neurons, in presynaptic terminals, plays an important role in the final steps of neurotransmitter release, possibly by regulating Ca(2+)-sensing. In the cerebellum, may inhibit SNARE complex formation and downregulate short-term facilitation ; Belongs to the CD225/Dispanin family. (346 aa) |
| | Lypd1 | Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 1; Believed to act as a modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) activity. In vitro increases receptor desensitization and decreases affinity for ACh of alpha-4:beta-2- containing nAChRs. May play a role in the intracellular trafficking of alpha-4:beta-2 and alpha-7-containing nAChRs and may inhibit their expression at the cell surface. May be involved in the control of anxiety. (141 aa) |
| | Nrxn1 | Neurexin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions, exocytosis of secretory granules and regulation of signal transmission. Function is isoform-specific. Alpha-type isoforms have a long N- terminus with six laminin G-like domains and play an important role in synaptic signal transmission. Alpha-type isoforms play a role in the regulation of calcium channel activity and Ca(2+)-triggered neurotransmitter release at synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. They play an important role in Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis of secretory granules in pituitary gland. They may effect [...] (1507 aa) |
| | Chrm1 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1; The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover. (460 aa) |
| | Dlgap4 | Disks large-associated protein 4; May play a role in the molecular organization of synapses and neuronal cell signaling. Could be an adapter protein linking ion channel to the subsynaptic cytoskeleton. May induce enrichment of PSD- 95/SAP90 at the plasma membrane (By similarity); Belongs to the SAPAP family. (992 aa) |
| | Slc29a1 | Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1; Mediates both influx and efflux of nucleosides across the membrane (equilibrative transporter). It is sensitive (ES) to low concentrations of the inhibitor nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR) and is sodium-independent. It has a higher affinity for adenosine. Resistant to dipyridamole and dilazep inhibition (anticancer chemotherapeutics drugs). (460 aa) |
| | Shisa9 | Protein shisa-9; Regulator of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus. Associates with AMPA receptors (ionotropic glutamate receptors) in synaptic spines and promotes AMPA receptor desensitization at excitatory synapses; Belongs to the shisa family. SHISA9 subfamily. (424 aa) |
| | Gprasp2 | G-protein coupled receptor-associated sorting protein 2; May play a role in regulation of a variety of G-protein coupled receptors. (826 aa) |
| | Cacng8 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit; Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit. Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization and by mediating their resensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inac [...] (423 aa) |
| | Anks1b | Ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 1B; Isoform 2 may participate in the regulation of nucleoplasmic coilin protein interactions in neuronal and transformed cells. (510 aa) |
| | Lzts1 | Leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 1; Involved in the regulation of cell growth. May stabilize the active CDC2-cyclin B1 complex and thereby contribute to the regulation of the cell cycle and the prevention of uncontrolled cell proliferation. May act as tumor suppressor (By similarity). Belongs to the LZTS family. (599 aa) |
| | Syngap1 | Ras/Rap GTPase-activating protein SynGAP; Major constituent of the PSD essential for postsynaptic signaling. Inhibitory regulator of the Ras-cAMP pathway. Member of the NMDAR signaling complex in excitatory synapses, it may play a role in NMDAR-dependent control of AMPAR potentiation, AMPAR membrane trafficking and synaptic plasticity. Regulates AMPAR-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. Exhibits dual GTPase-activating specificity for Ras and Rap. May be involved in certain forms of brain injury, leading to long-term learning and memory deficits (By similarity). (1340 aa) |
| | Nlgn1 | Neuroligin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, and probably mediates its effects by recruiting and clustering other synaptic proteins. May promote the initial formation of synapses, but is not essential for this. In vitro, triggers the de novo formation of presynaptic structures. May be involved in specification of excitatory synapses. Required to maintain wakefulness quality and normal synchrony of cerebral cortex activity during wakefulness and [...] (843 aa) |
| | Rimbp2 | RIMS-binding protein 2; Plays a role in the synaptic transmission as bifunctional linker that interacts simultaneously with RIMS1, RIMS2, CACNA1D and CACNA1B. (1079 aa) |
| | Grin2a | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition; channels containing GRIN1 and GRIN2A have higher sensitivity to glutamate and faster kineti [...] (1464 aa) |
| | Lgi1 | Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1; Regulates voltage-gated potassium channels assembled from KCNA1, KCNA4 and KCNAB1. It slows down channel inactivation by precluding channel closure mediated by the KCNAB1 subunit. Ligand for ADAM22 that positively regulates synaptic transmission mediated by AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Plays a role in suppressing the production of MMP1/3 through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ERK pathway (By similarity). (557 aa) |
| | Pacsin1 | Protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons protein 1; Binds to membranes via its F-BAR domain and mediates membrane tubulation. Plays a role in the reorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton via its interaction with MAPT; this decreases microtubule stability and inhibits MAPT-induced microtubule polymerization. Plays a role in cellular transport processes by recruiting DNM1, DNM2 and DNM3 to membranes. Plays a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and in neuron morphogenesis via its interaction with COBL and WASL, and by recruiting COBL to the cell corte [...] (441 aa) |
