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| | Ccl2 | C-C motif chemokine 2; Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 (By similarity). Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions (By similarity). Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils (By similarity). Plays an important role in mediating peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Increases NMDA-mediated synaptic transmission in both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-containing neurons, which may be caused by MAPK/ERK-dependent phospho [...] (148 aa) |
| | Itgb2 | Integrin beta-2; Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for ICAM1, ICAM2, ICAM3 and ICAM4. Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is also a receptor for the secreted form of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15; the interaction is mediated by ITGAL (By similarity). Integrins ITGAM/ITGB2 and ITGAX/ITGB2 are receptors for the iC3b fragment of the third complement component and for fibrinogen. Integrin ITGAX/ITGB2 recognizes the sequence G-P-R in fibrinogen alpha-chain. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 recognizes P1 and P2 peptides of fibrinogen gamma chain. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is also a receptor for factor X. Integrin ITGAD/ITG [...] (770 aa) |
| | Raf1 | RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a regulatory link between the membrane-associated Ras GTPases and the MAPK/ERK cascade, and this critical regulatory link functions as a switch determining cell fate decisions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, survival and oncogenic transformation. RAF1 activation initiates a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that comprises a sequential phosphorylation of the dual-specific MAPK kinases (MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2) and the extracellular signal- regulated kin [...] (648 aa) |
| | Fasl | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF6/FAS, a receptor that transduces the apoptotic signal into cells. Involved in cytotoxic T-cell-mediated apoptosis, natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis and in T-cell development. Initiates fratricidal/suicidal activation-induced cell death (AICD) in antigen-activated T-cells contributing to the termination of immune responses. TNFRSF6/FAS-mediated apoptosis has also a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance. Binds to TNFRSF6B/DcR3, a decoy receptor that blocks apoptosis (By similarit [...] (279 aa) |
| | Kmt2a | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A; Histone methyltransferase that plays an essential role in early development and hematopoiesis. Catalytic subunit of the MLL1/MLL complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates both methylation of 'Lys- 4' of histone H3 (H3K4me) complex and acetylation of 'Lys-16' of histone H4 (H4K16ac). In the MLL1/MLL complex, it specifically mediates H3K4me, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Has weak methyltransferase activity by itself, and requires other component of the MLL1/MLL complex to obtain full methyltransferase activity. Has no [...] (3963 aa) |
| | Spi1 | Transcription factor PU.1; Binds to the PU-box, a purine-rich DNA sequence (5'-GAGGAA- 3') that can act as a lymphoid-specific enhancer. This protein is a transcriptional activator that may be specifically involved in the differentiation or activation of macrophages or B-cells. Also binds RNA and may modulate pre-mRNA splicing. (272 aa) |
| | Ier3 | Radiation-inducible immediate-early gene IEX-1; May play a role in the ERK signaling pathway by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of ERK by phosphatase PP2A-PPP2R5C holoenzyme. Acts also as an ERK downstream effector mediating survival (By similarity). As a member of the NUPR1/RELB/IER3 survival pathway, may allow the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias. (160 aa) |
| | Ptpn6 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6; Modulates signaling by tyrosine phosphorylated cell surface receptors such as KIT and the EGF receptor/EGFR. The SH2 regions may interact with other cellular components to modulate its own phosphatase activity against interacting substrates. Together with MTUS1, induces UBE2V2 expression upon angiotensin II stimulation. Plays a key role in hematopoiesis; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class 2 subfamily. (597 aa) |
| | Aqp1 | Aquaporin-1; Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of red cells and kidney proximal tubules with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. (269 aa) |
| | Lbr | Delta(14)-sterol reductase LBR; Catalyzes the reduction of the C14-unsaturated bond of lanosterol, as part of the metabolic pathway leading to cholesterol biosynthesis. Plays a critical role in myeloid cell cholesterol biosynthesis which is essential to both myeloid cell growth and functional maturation. Mediates the activation of NADPH oxidases, perhaps by maintaining critical levels of cholesterol required for membrane lipid raft formation during neutrophil differentiation. Anchors the lamina and the heterochromatin to the inner nuclear membrane (By similarity). (626 aa) |
| | Kdm5a | Lysine-specific demethylase 5A; Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Does not demethylate histone H3 'Lys-9', H3 'Lys-27', H3 'Lys-36', H3 'Lys-79' or H4 'Lys-20'. Demethylates trimethylated and dimethylated but not monomethylated H3 'Lys-4'. Regulates specific gene transcription through DNA-binding on 5'-CCGCCC-3' motif. May stimulate transcription mediated by nuclear receptors. Involved in transcriptional regulation of Hox proteins during cell differentiation (By similarity). May participate in trans [...] (1690 aa) |
| | Wdr1 | WD repeat-containing protein 1; Induces disassembly of actin filaments in conjunction with ADF/cofilin family proteins (By similarity). Enhances cofilin-mediated actin severing. Involved in cytokinesis. Involved in chemotactic cell migration by restricting lamellipodial membrane protrusions (By similarity). Involved in myocardium sarcomere organization. Required for cardiomyocyte growth at the postnatal and maintenance at the adult stage. Involved in neutrophil actin dynamics and migration. Involved in megakaryocyte maturation and platelet shedding. Required for the establishment of pl [...] (606 aa) |
| | Inpp5k | Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase K; Inositol 5-phosphatase which acts on inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate, inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Has 6- fold higher affinity for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate than for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (By similarity). Negatively regulates assembly of the actin cytoskeleton. Controls insulin-dependent glucose uptake among inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate phosphatases; therefore, is the specific regulator for insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. (468 aa) |
| | Prtn3 | Myeloblastin; Serine protease that degrades elastin, fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, and collagen types I, III, and IV (in vitro). By cleaving and activating receptor F2RL1/PAR-2, enhances endothelial cell barrier function and thus vascular integrity during neutrophil transendothelial migration. May play a role in neutrophil transendothelial migration, probably when associated with CD177; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Elastase subfamily. (254 aa) |
| | Ctnnb1 | Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa) |
| | Pten | Phosphatase and tensin homolog; In motile cells, suppresses the formation of lateral pseudopods and thereby promotes cell polarization and directed movement (By similarity). Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine- phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4- diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5- tetrakisphosphate with order of subst [...] (403 aa) |
| | Lrrk1 | Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 1. (2014 aa) |
| | Cybb | Cytochrome b-245 heavy chain; Critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. It is the terminal component of a respiratory chain that transfers single electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH across the plasma membrane to molecular oxygen on the exterior. Also functions as a voltage-gated proton channel that mediates the H(+) currents of resting phagocytes. (570 aa) |
| | Sdc4 | Syndecan-4; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Regulates exosome biogenesis in concert with SDCBP and PDCD6IP. Belongs to the syndecan proteoglycan family. (198 aa) |
| | Timp2 | Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2; Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor; Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 (TIMP) family. (220 aa) |
| | Zswim1 | Zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 1. (455 aa) |
| | Mybl2 | Myb-related protein B; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Transactivates the expression of the CLU gene (By similarity). (704 aa) |
| | Stk4 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 18kDa subunit; Stress-activated, pro-apoptotic kinase which, following caspase-cleavage, enters the nucleus and induces chromatin condensation followed by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Key component of the Hippo signaling pathway which plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regul [...] (487 aa) |
| | Cd22 | B-cell receptor CD22; Mediates B-cell B-cell interactions. May be involved in the localization of B-cells in lymphoid tissues. Binds sialylated glycoproteins; one of which is CD45. Preferentially binds to alpha-2,6- linked sialic acid. The sialic acid recognition site can be masked by cis interactions with sialic acids on the same cell surface. Upon ligand induced tyrosine phosphorylation in the immune response seems to be involved in regulation of B-cell antigen receptor signaling. Plays a role in positive regulation through interaction with Src family tyrosine kinases and may also ac [...] (868 aa) |
| | Rab32 | Ras-related protein Rab-32; Acts as an A-kinase anchoring protein by binding to the type II regulatory subunit of protein kinase A and anchoring it to the mitochondrion. Also involved in synchronization of mitochondrial fission. Plays a role in the maturation of phagosomes that engulf pathogens, such as S.aureus and Mycobacterium (By similarity). Plays an important role in the control of melanin production and melanosome biogenesis (By similarity). In concert with RAB38, regulates the proper trafficking of melanogenic enzymes TYR, TYRP1 and DCT/TYRP2 to melanosomes in melanocytes. (223 aa) |
| | Irak3 | Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3; Inhibits dissociation of IRAK1 and IRAK4 from the Toll-like receptor signaling complex by either inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRAK1 and IRAK4 or stabilizing the receptor complex. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Pelle subfamily. (609 aa) |
| | Ppp2ca | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform; PP2A is the major phosphatase for microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). PP2A can modulate the activity of phosphorylase B kinase casein kinase 2, mitogen-stimulated S6 kinase, and MAP-2 kinase. Cooperates with SGO2 to protect centromeric cohesin from separase- mediated cleavage in oocytes specifically during meiosis I. Activates RAF1 by dephosphorylating it at 'Ser-259' (By similarity). (309 aa) |
| | Pik3r5 | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5; Regulatory subunit of the PI3K gamma complex. Required for recruitment of the catalytic subunit to the plasma membrane via interaction with beta-gamma G protein dimers. Required for G protein- mediated activation of PIK3CG (By similarity). (871 aa) |
| | Sptlc2 | Serine palmitoyltransferase 2; Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). The heterodimer formed with LCB1/SPTLC1 constitutes the catalytic core. The composition of the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex determines the substrate preference. The SPTLC1-SPTLC2-SPTSSA complex shows a strong preference for C16-CoA substrate, while the SPTLC1-SPTLC2-SPTSSB complex displays a preference for C18-CoA substrate (By similarity). Plays an important role in de novo sphyngolipid biosynthesis which is crucial for adipogenesis. (560 aa) |
| | Irf4 | Interferon regulatory factor 4; Transcriptional activator. Binds to the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) of the MHC class I promoter. Binds the immunoglobulin lambda light chain enhancer, together with PU.1. Probably plays a role in ISRE-targeted signal transduction mechanisms specific to lymphoid cells. Involved in CD8(+) dendritic cell differentiation by forming a complex with the BATF-JUNB heterodimer in immune cells, leading to recognition of AICE sequence (5'-TGAnTCA/GAAA- 3'), an immune-specific regulatory element, followed by cooperative binding of BATF and IRF4 and [...] (450 aa) |
| | Ptch1 | Protein patched homolog 1; Acts as a receptor for sonic hedgehog (SHH), indian hedgehog (IHH) and desert hedgehog (DHH). Associates with the smoothened protein (SMO) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal. Seems to have a tumor suppressor function, as inactivation of this protein is probably a necessary, if not sufficient step for tumorigenesis. (1434 aa) |
| | Bap1 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase BAP1; Deubiquitinating enzyme that plays a key role in chromatin by mediating deubiquitination of histone H2A and HCFC1. Catalytic component of the PR-DUB complex, a complex that specifically mediates deubiquitination of histone H2A monoubiquitinated at 'Lys-119' (H2AK119ub1). Does not deubiquitinate monoubiquitinated histone H2B. Acts as a regulator of cell growth by mediating deubiquitination of HCFC1 N-terminal and C-terminal chains, with some specificity toward 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains compared to 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chain [...] (728 aa) |
| | Retnlb | Resistin-like beta; Probable hormone. (105 aa) |
| | Prkdc | DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a molecular sensor for DNA damage (By similarity). Involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break (DSB) repair and V(D)J recombination (By similarity). Must be bound to DNA to express its catalytic properties (By similarity). Promotes processing of hairpin DNA structures in V(D)J recombination by activation of the hairpin endonuclease artemis (DCLRE1C) (By similarity). The assembly of the DNA-PK complex at DNA ends is also required for the NHEJ ligation step [...] (4128 aa) |
| | Usp25 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 25; Deubiquitinating enzyme that hydrolyzes ubiquitin moieties conjugated to substrates and thus, functions to process newly synthesized Ubiquitin, to recycle ubiquitin molecules or to edit polyubiquitin chains and prevents proteasomal degradation of substrates. Hydrolyzes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked tetraubiquitin chains (By similarity). (1055 aa) |
| | St6gal1 | Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1; Transfers sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose- containing acceptor substrates. (403 aa) |
| | Runx1 | Runt-related transcription factor 1; Forms the heterodimeric complex core-binding factor (CBF) with CBFB. RUNX members modulate the transcription of their target genes through recognizing the core consensus binding sequence 5'- TGTGGT-3', or very rarely, 5'-TGCGGT-3', within their regulatory regions via their runt domain, while CBFB is a non-DNA-binding regulatory subunit that allosterically enhances the sequence-specific DNA-binding capacity of RUNX. The heterodimers bind to the core site of a number of enhancers and promoters, including murine leukemia virus, polyomavirus enhancer, T [...] (465 aa) |
| | Lmbr1l | Protein LMBR1L; Plays an essential role in lymphocyte development by negatively regulating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In association with UBAC2 and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase AMFR, promotes the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of CTNNB1 and Wnt receptors FZD6 and LRP6. LMBR1L stabilizes the beta-catenin destruction complex that is required for regulating CTNNB1 levels. Acts as a LCN1 receptor and can mediate its endocytosis (By similarity); Belongs to the LIMR family. (489 aa) |
| | Abcg1 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1; Catalyzes the efflux of phospholipids such as sphingomyelin, cholesterol and its oxygenated derivatives like 7beta- hydroxycholesterol and this transport is coupled to hydrlysis of ATP. The lipid efflux is ALB-dependent. Is an active component of the macrophage lipid export complex. Could also be involved in intracellular lipid transport processes. The role in cellular lipid homeostasis may not be limited to macrophages. Prevents cell death by transporting cytotoxic 7beta-hydroxycholesterol (By similarity). (666 aa) |
| | Tnf | Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...] (235 aa) |
| | Lta | Lymphotoxin-alpha; Cytokine that in its homotrimeric form binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1, TNFRSF1B/TNFBR and TNFRSF14/HVEM (By similarity). In its heterotrimeric form with LTB binds to TNFRSF3/LTBR. Lymphotoxin is produced by lymphocytes and is cytotoxic for a wide range of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. (202 aa) |
| | Diaph1 | Protein diaphanous homolog 1; Actin nucleation and elongation factor required for the assembly of F-actin structures, such as actin cables and stress fibers. Binds to the barbed end of the actin filament and slows down actin polymerization and depolymerization. Required for cytokinesis, and transcriptional activation of the serum response factor. DFR proteins couple Rho and Src tyrosine kinase during signaling and the regulation of actin dynamics. Functions as a scaffold protein for MAPRE1 and APC to stabilize microtubules and promote cell migration. Has neurite outgrowth promoting act [...] (1264 aa) |
| | Atp8b1 | Phospholipid-transporting ATPase IC; Catalytic component of a P4-ATPase flippase complex which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled to the transport of aminophospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of various membranes and ensures the maintenance of asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. Phospholipid translocation seems also to be implicated in vesicle formation and in uptake of lipid signaling molecules. May play a role in asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in the canicular membrane. Plays a role in bile salt homeostasis. In cooperation with ABCB4 may be involved [...] (1251 aa) |
| | Fas | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6; Receptor for TNFSF6/FASLG. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. FAS-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen- stimulated suicide of mature T-cells, or both (By similarity). (327 aa) |
| | Rela | Transcription factor p65; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kap [...] (549 aa) |
| | Col17a1 | 120 kDa linear IgA disease antigen homolog; May play a role in the integrity of hemidesmosome and the attachment of basal keratinocytes to the underlying basement membrane. (1470 aa) |
| | Tlx1 | T-cell leukemia homeobox protein 1; Controls the genesis of the spleen. Binds to the DNA sequence 5'-GGCGGTAAGTGG-3'. (333 aa) |
| | Rb1cc1 | RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1; Involved in autophagy. Regulates early events but also late events of autophagosome formation through direct interaction with Atg16L1. Required for the formation of the autophagosome-like double-membrane structure that surrounds the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) during S.typhimurium infection and subsequent xenophagy. Involved in repair of DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation, which subsequently improves cell survival by decreasing apoptosis. Inhibits PTK2/FAK1 and PTK2B/PYK2 kinase activity, affecting their downstream signaling pathways (B [...] (1588 aa) |
| | Smap1 | Stromal membrane-associated protein 1; GTPase activating protein that acts on ARF6. Plays a role in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. May play a role in erythropoiesis. (440 aa) |
| | Bcs1l | Mitochondrial chaperone BCS1; Chaperone necessary for the assembly of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. Plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial tubular networks, respiratory chain assembly and formation of the LETM1 complex (By similarity). (418 aa) |
| | Xrcc5 | X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5; Single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent helicase. Has a role in chromosome translocation. The DNA helicase II complex binds preferentially to fork-like ends of double-stranded DNA in a cell cycle-dependent manner. It works in the 3'-5' direction. Binding to DNA may be mediated by XRCC6. Involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. The XRCC5/6 dimer acts as regulatory subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK by increasing the affinity of the catalytic s [...] (732 aa) |
| | Tnfrsf11a | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11A; Receptor for TNFSF11/RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL; essential for RANKL- mediated osteoclastogenesis. Involved in the regulation of interactions between T-cells and dendritic cells. (625 aa) |
| | Rgl1 | Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 1; Probable guanine nucleotide exchange factor. (768 aa) |
| | Spta1 | Spectrin alpha chain, erythrocytic 1; Spectrin is the major constituent of the cytoskeletal network underlying the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It associates with band 4.1 and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. (2415 aa) |
| | Sele | E-selectin; Cell-surface glycoprotein having a role in immunoadhesion. Mediates in the adhesion of blood neutrophils in cytokine-activated endothelium through interaction with SELPLG/PSGL1. May have a role in capillary morphogenesis. (619 aa) |
| | Il2ra | Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha; Receptor for interleukin-2. The receptor is involved in the regulation of immune tolerance by controlling regulatory T cells (TREGs) activity. TREGs suppress the activation and expansion of autoreactive T-cells. (268 aa) |
| | Gsn | Gelsolin; Calcium-regulated, actin-modulating protein that binds to the plus (or barbed) ends of actin monomers or filaments, preventing monomer exchange (end-blocking or capping). It can promote the assembly of monomers into filaments (nucleation) as well as sever filaments already formed. Plays a role in ciliogenesis; Belongs to the villin/gelsolin family. (780 aa) |
| | Il1f5 | Interleukin-36 receptor antagonist protein; Inhibits the activity of interleukin-36 (IL36A,IL36B and IL36G) by binding to receptor IL1RL2/IL-36R and preventing its association with the coreceptor IL1RAP for signaling. Part of the IL-36 signaling system that is thought to be present in epithelial barriers and to take part in local inflammatory response; similar to the IL-1 system with which it shares the coreceptor. Proposed to play a role in skin inflammation. May be involved in the innate immune response to fungal pathogens. May activate an anti-inflammatory signaling pathway by recru [...] (156 aa) |
| | Duoxa2 | Dual oxidase maturation factor 2; Required for the maturation and the transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane of functional DUOX2. May play a role in thyroid hormone synthesis (By similarity). Belongs to the DUOXA family. (320 aa) |
| | Zbtb46 | Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 46; Functions as a transcriptional repressor for PRDM1. (600 aa) |
| | Slc33a1 | Acetyl-coenzyme A transporter 1; Probable acetyl-CoA transporter necessary for O-acetylation of gangliosides. Negatively regulates BMP signaling (By similarity); Belongs to the SLC33A transporter family. (550 aa) |
| | Nras | GTPase NRas; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (189 aa) |
| | Clca1 | Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1; May be involved in mediating calcium-activated chloride conductance. May play critical roles in goblet cell metaplasia, mucus hypersecretion, cystic fibrosis and AHR. May be involved in the regulation of mucus production and/or secretion by goblet cells. Involved in the regulation of tissue inflammation in the innate immune response. May play a role as a tumor suppressor. Induces MUC5AC. Belongs to the CLCR family. (913 aa) |
| | B4galt1 | Processed beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1; The Golgi complex form catalyzes the production of lactose in the lactating mammary gland and could also be responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins as well as the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 7 family. (399 aa) |
| | Atg4c | Cysteine protease ATG4C; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Cleaves the C-terminal amino acid of ATG8 family proteins MAP1LC3 and GABARAPL2, to reveal a C-terminal glycine. Exposure of the glycine at the C-terminus is essential for ATG8 proteins conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy. Has also an activity of delipidating enzyme for the PE-conjugated forms (By similarity). Is not essential for autophagy development under normal conditions but is required for a proper au [...] (458 aa) |
| | Ptch2 | Protein patched homolog 2; Plays a role in the control of cellular growth (By similarity). May have a role in epidermal development. May act as a receptor for Sonic hedgehog (SHH); Belongs to the patched family. (1182 aa) |
| | Smpdl3b | Acid sphingomyelinase-like phosphodiesterase 3b; Lipid-modulating phosphodiesterase. Active on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells and strongly influences macrophage lipid composition and membrane fluidity. Acts as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling. Has in vitro phosphodiesterase activity, but the physiological substrate is unknown. Lacks activity with phosphocholine-containing lipids, but can cleave CDP-choline, and can release phosphate from ATP and ADP (in vitro) ; Belongs to the acid sphingomyelinase family. (456 aa) |
| | Ociad1 | OCIA domain-containing protein 1; Maintains stem cell potency. Increases STAT3 phosphorylation and controls ERK phosphorylation. May act as a scaffold, increasing STAT3 recruitment onto endosomes. (247 aa) |
| | Col1a2 | Collagen alpha-2(I) chain; Type I collagen is a member of group I collagen (fibrillar forming collagen); Belongs to the fibrillar collagen family. (1372 aa) |
| | Kras | GTPase KRas, N-terminally processed; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304-dependent manner (By similarity). (188 aa) |
| | Ing4 | Inhibitor of growth protein 4; Component of the HBO1 complex which has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3 and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Through chromatin acetylation it may function in DNA replication. May inhibit tumor progression by modulating the transcriptional output of signaling pathways which regulate cell proliferation. Can suppress brain tumor angiogenesis through transcriptional repression of RELA/NFKB3 target genes when complexed with RELA. May also specifically suppress loss of contact [...] (248 aa) |
| | Tnfrsf1a | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A; Receptor for TNFSF2/TNF-alpha and homotrimeric TNFSF1/lymphotoxin-alpha. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis (By similarity). (454 aa) |
| | Ppm1n | Probable protein phosphatase 1N. (404 aa) |
| | Vps33b | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33B; May play a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments and in membrane docking/fusion reactions of late endosomes/lysosomes. Mediates phagolysosomal fusion in macrophages. Proposed to be involved in endosomal maturation implicating in part VIPAS39 (By similarity). In epithelial cells, the VPS33B:VIPAS39 complex may play a role in the apical RAB11A-dependentrecycling pathway and in the maintenance of the apical-basolateral polarity. Seems to be involved in the sorting of specific cargos from the trans-Golgi netw [...] (617 aa) |
| | Cckbr | Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor; Receptor for gastrin and cholecystokinin. The CCK-B receptors occur throughout the central nervous system where they modulate anxiety, analgesia, arousal, and neuroleptic activity. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system (By similarity). Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (453 aa) |
| | Gata1 | Erythroid transcription factor; Transcriptional activator or repressor which probably serves as a general switch factor for erythroid development. It binds to DNA sites with the consensus sequence 5'-[AT]GATA[AG]-3' within regulatory regions of globin genes and of other genes expressed in erythroid cells. Activates the transcription of genes involved in erythroid differentiation of K562 erythroleukemia cells, including HBB, HBG1/2, ALAS2 and HMBS (By similarity). (413 aa) |
| | Was | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein homolog; Effector protein for Rho-type GTPases that regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with the Arp2/3 complex. Important for efficient actin polymerization. Possible regulator of lymphocyte and platelet function. Mediates actin filament reorganization and the formation of actin pedestals upon infection by pathogenic bacteria. In addition to its role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, also promotes actin polymerization in the nucleus, thereby regulating gene transcription and repair of damaged DNA. Promotes homologous recombinatio [...] (520 aa) |
| | Il2rg | Cytokine receptor common subunit gamma; Common subunit for the receptors for a variety of interleukins. Probably in association with IL15RA, involved in the stimulation of neutrophil phagocytosis by IL15 (By similarity). (369 aa) |
| | Defb3 | Beta-defensin 3; Antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and P.aeruginosa; Belongs to the beta-defensin family. LAP/TAP subfamily. (63 aa) |
| | Asah1 | Acid ceramidase subunit alpha; Lysosomal ceramidase that hydrolyzes sphingolipid ceramides into sphingosine and free fatty acids at acidic pH. Ceramides, sphingosine, and its phosphorylated form sphingosine-1-phosphate are bioactive lipids that mediate cellular signaling pathways regulating several biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Has a higher catalytic efficiency towards C12-ceramides versus other ceramides (By similarity). Also catalyzes the reverse reaction allowing the synthesis of ceramides from fatty acids and sphingosine (By simil [...] (394 aa) |
| | Cdh5 | Cadherin-5; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins (By similarity). They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types (By similarity). This cadherin may play an important role in endothelial cell biology through control of the cohesion and organization of the intercellular junctions. It associates with alpha-catenin forming a link to the cytoskeleton (By similarity). Acts in concert with KRIT1 and MPP5 to establish and maintain correct endothelial cell polarit [...] (784 aa) |
| | Gabarapl2 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in intra-Golgi traffic. Modulates intra-Golgi transport through coupling between NSF activity and SNAREs activation. It first stimulates the ATPase activity of NSF which in turn stimulates the association with GOSR1 (By similarity). Involved in autophagy. Plays a role in mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Whereas LC3s are involved [...] (117 aa) |
| | Pou2af1 | POU domain class 2-associating factor 1; Transcriptional coactivator that specifically associates with either OCT1 or OCT2. It boosts the OCT1 mediated promoter activity and to a lesser extent, that of OCT2. It has no intrinsic DNA-binding activity. It recognizes the POU domains of OCT1 and OCT2. It is essential for the response of B-cells to antigens and required for the formation of germinal centers. (256 aa) |
| | Il10ra | Interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha; Cell surface receptor for the cytokine IL10 that participates in IL10-mediated anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Upon binding to IL10, induces a conformational change in IL10RB, allowing IL10RB to bind IL10 as well. In turn, the heterotetrameric assembly complex, composed of two subunits of IL10RA and IL10RB, activates the kinases JAK1 and TYK2 that are constitutively associated with IL10RA and IL10RB respectively. These kinases then phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues in the intracellul [...] (575 aa) |
| | Smad3 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP- 1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and m [...] (425 aa) |
| | Nckap1l | Nck-associated protein 1-like; Essential hematopoietic-specific regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. Controls lymphocyte development, activation, proliferation and homeostasis, erythrocyte membrane stability, as well as phagocytosis and migration by neutrophils and macrophages. Component of the WAVE2 complex which signals downstream of RAC to stimulate F-actin polymerization. Required for stabilization and/or translation of the WAVE2 complex proteins in hematopoietic cells. Exhibits complex cycles of activation and inhibition to generate waves of propagating the assembly with actin. Al [...] (1134 aa) |
| | Slfn2 | Schlafen family member 2. (378 aa) |
| | Cmklr1 | Chemokine-like receptor 1; Receptor for the chemoattractant adipokine chemerin/RARRES2 and for the omega-3 fatty acid derived molecule resolvin E1. Interaction with RARRES2 induces activation of intracellular signaling molecules, such as SKY, MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2), MAPK14/P38MAPK and PI3K leading to multifunctional effects, like reduction of immune responses, enhancing of adipogenesis and angionesis. Resolvin E1 down-regulates cytokine production in macrophages by reducing the activation of MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) and NF-kappa-B (By similarity). Positively regulates adipogenesis and adipocyte meta [...] (371 aa) |
| | Rac2 | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses, such as secretory processes, phagocytose of apoptotic cells and epithelial cell polarization. Augments the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase. (192 aa) |
| | Gmds | GDP-mannose 4,6 dehydratase; Catalyzes the conversion of GDP-D-mannose to GDP-4-dehydro-6- deoxy-D-mannose; Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase subfamily. (372 aa) |
| | Prex1 | Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein; Functions as a RAC guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which activates the Rac proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Its activity is synergistically activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and the beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G protein. May function downstream of heterotrimeric G proteins in neutrophils (By similarity). (1650 aa) |
| | B4galnt2 | Beta-1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2; Responsible for synthesis of murine T-lymphocyte CT antigen. Can transfer N-acetylgalactosamine moiety from UDP-GalNAc to the low molecular weight acceptor 3'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine, to form a non- reducing terminal tetrasaccharide Sda blood group structure. (510 aa) |
| | Lepr | Leptin receptor; Receptor for hormone LEP/leptin (Probable). On ligand binding, mediates LEP central and peripheral effects through the activation of different signaling pathways such as JAK2/STAT3 and MAPK cascade/FOS. In the hypothalamus, LEP acts as an appetite- regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive fu [...] (1162 aa) |
| | Kdm2b | Lysine-specific demethylase 2B; Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' and 'Lys-36' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Preferentially demethylates trimethylated H3 'Lys-4' and dimethylated H3 'Lys-36' residue while it has weak or no activity for mono- and tri- methylated H3 'Lys-36'. Preferentially binds the transcribed region of ribosomal RNA and represses the transcription of ribosomal RNA genes which inhibits cell growth and proliferation (By similarity). May also serve as a substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type [...] (1309 aa) |
| | Pomt1 | Protein O-mannosyl-transferase 1; Transfers mannosyl residues to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues. Coexpression of both POMT1 and POMT2 is necessary for enzyme activity, expression of either POMT1 or POMT2 alone is insufficient. Essentially dedicated to O-mannosylation of alpha-DAG1 and few other proteins but not of cadherins and protocaherins. (746 aa) |
| | Lyn | Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that transmits signals from cell surface receptors and plays an important role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, hematopoiesis, responses to growth factors and cytokines, integrin signaling, but also responses to DNA damage and genotoxic agents. Functions primarily as negative regulator, but can also function as activator, depending on the context. Required for the initiation of the B-cell response, but also for its down-regulation and termination. Plays an important role in the regulation of B-c [...] (512 aa) |
| | Flt3 | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for the cytokine FLT3LG and regulates differentiation, proliferation and survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells and of dendritic cells. Promotes phosphorylation of SHC1 and AKT1, and activation of the downstream effector MTOR. Promotes activation of RAS signaling and phosphorylation of downstream kinases, including MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. Promotes phosphorylation of FES, FER, PTPN6/SHP, PTPN11/SHP-2, PLCG1, and STAT5A and/or STAT5B. Activation of wild-type FLT3 causes only m [...] (1000 aa) |
| | Irf8 | Interferon regulatory factor 8; Plays a role as a transcriptional activator or repressor (By similarity). Specifically binds to the upstream regulatory region of type I IFN and IFN-inducible MHC class I genes (the interferon consensus sequence (ICS)). Plays a negative regulatory role in cells of the immune system. Involved in CD8(+) dendritic cell differentiation by forming a complex with the BATF-JUNB heterodimer in immune cells, leading to recognition of AICE sequence (5'-TGAnTCA/GAAA-3'), an immune-specific regulatory element, followed by cooperative binding of BATF and IRF8 and act [...] (424 aa) |
| | Akna | Microtubule organization protein AKNA; Centrosomal protein that plays a key role in cell delamination by regulating microtubule organization. Required for the delamination and retention of neural stem cells from the subventricular zone during neurogenesis. Also regulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in other epithelial cells. Acts by increasing centrosomal microtubule nucleation and recruiting nucleation factors and minus-end stabilizers, thereby destabilizing microtubules at the adherens junctions and mediating constriction of the apical endfoot. In addition, may also act [...] (1404 aa) |
| | Ankrd27 | Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 27; May be a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for Rab21, Rab32 and Rab38 and regulate endosome dynamics (By similarity). May regulate the participation of VAMP7 in membrane fusion events; in vitro inhibits VAMP7-mediated SNARE complex formation by trapping VAMP7 in a closed, fusogenically inactive conformation (By similarity). Involved in peripheral melanosomal distribution of TYRP1 in melanocytes; the function, which probably is implicating vesicle-trafficking, includes cooperation with Rab32, Rab38 and VAMP7. Involved in the regulation of neurite [...] (1048 aa) |
| | Il5 | Interleukin-5; Factor that induces terminal differentiation of late- developing B-cells to immunoglobulin secreting cells. (133 aa) |
| | Dpp4 | Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 membrane form; Cell surface glycoprotein receptor involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T- cell activation. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation, by binding at least ADA, CAV1, IGF2R, and PTPRC. Its binding to CAV1 and CARD11 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependent manner. Its interaction with ADA also regulates lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion. In association with FAP is involved in the pericellular proteolysis of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the mi [...] (760 aa) |
| | Atg5 | Autophagy protein 5; Involved in autophagic vesicle formation. Conjugation with ATG12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3- like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. Involved in mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, and in subsequent cellular longevity. Plays a critical role in multiple aspects of lymphocyte development and is ess [...] (275 aa) |
| | Thbs1 | Thrombospondin-1; Adhesive glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to- matrix interactions. Binds heparin. May play a role in dentinogenesis and/or maintenance of dentin and dental pulp. Ligand for CD36 mediating antiangiogenic properties (By similarity). Plays a role in ER stress response, via its interaction with the activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6) which produces adaptive ER stress response factors. (1171 aa) |
| | Neil2 | Endonuclease 8-like 2; Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Has DNA glycosylase activity towards 5- hydroxyuracil and other oxidized derivatives of cytosine with a preference for mismatched double-stranded DNA (DNA bubbles). Has low or no DNA glycosylase activity towards thymine glycol, 2-hydroxyadenine, hypoxanthine and 8-oxoguanine. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a single-strand break at the site of the removed base with [...] (329 aa) |
| | Itprid1 | Protein ITPRID1. (1034 aa) |
| | Fbxo15 | F-box only protein 15; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (478 aa) |
| | Pilra | Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha; Paired receptors consist of highly related activating and inhibitory receptors and are widely involved in the regulation of the immune system. Receptor for CD99 and PIANP. (302 aa) |
| | Duox2 | Dual oxidase 2. (1517 aa) |
| | Setx | Probable helicase senataxin; Probable RNA/DNA helicase involved in diverse aspects of RNA metabolism and genomic integrity. Plays a role in transcription regulation by its ability to modulate RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) binding to chromatin and through its interaction with proteins involved in transcription. Contributes to the mRNA splicing efficiency and splice site selection. Required for the resolution of R-loop RNA-DNA hybrid formation at G-rich pause sites located downstream of the poly(A) site, allowing XRN2 recruitment and XRN2-mediated degradation of the downstream cleaved RNA a [...] (2646 aa) |
| | Pik3r6 | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6; Regulatory subunit of the PI3K gamma complex. Acts as an adapter to drive activation of PIK3CG by beta-gamma G protein dimers. The PIK3CG:PIK3R6 heterodimer is much less sensitive to beta-gamma G proteins than PIK3CG:PIK3R5 and its membrane recruitment and beta-gamma G protein dimer-dependent activation requires HRAS bound to PIK3CG. Recruits of the PI3K gamma complex to a PDE3B:RAPGEF3 signaling complex involved in angiogenesis; signaling seems to involve RRAS. (756 aa) |
| | Fut4 | Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 4; May catalyze alpha-1,3 glycosidic linkages involved in the expression of Lewis X/SSEA-1 and VIM-2 antigens. (433 aa) |
| | Cxcr4 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 that transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ion levels and enhancing MAPK1/MAPK3 activation. Involved in the AKT signaling cascade (By similarity). Plays a role in regulation of cell migration, e.g. during wound healing. Acts as a receptor for extracellular ubiquitin; leading to enhanced intracellular calcium ions and reduced cellular cAMP levels. Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) et mediates LPS-induced inflammatory response, including TNF secretion by monocytes (By similarity). Invo [...] (359 aa) |
| | Fzd9 | Frizzled-9; Receptor for WNT2 that is coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes (By similarity). Plays a role in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) assembly by negatively regulating the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) through the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway. May play a role in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) viability through the beta- catenin canonical signaling pathway by negatively regulating cell [...] (592 aa) |
| | Lcn2 | Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; Iron-trafficking protein involved in multiple processes such as apoptosis, innate immunity and renal development. Binds iron through association with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5- DHBA), a siderophore that shares structural similarities with bacterial enterobactin, and delivers or removes iron from the cell, depending on the context. Iron-bound form (holo-24p3) is internalized following binding to the SLC22A17 (24p3R) receptor, leading to release of iron and subsequent increase of intracellular iron concentration. In contrast, association o [...] (200 aa) |
| | Ticam1 | TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1; Involved in innate immunity against invading pathogens. Adapter used by TLR3, TLR4 (through TICAM2) and TLR5 to mediate NF- kappa-B and interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) activation, and to induce apoptosis. Ligand binding to these receptors results in TRIF recruitment through its TIR domain. Distinct protein-interaction motifs allow recruitment of the effector proteins TBK1, TRAF6 and RIPK1, which in turn, lead to the activation of transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7, NF-kappa-B and FADD respectively. Phosphorylation by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif [...] (732 aa) |
| | P2ry6 | P2Y purinoceptor 6; Receptor for extracellular UTP > ADP = 2-methylthio-ATP > ADP-beta-S > ATP = ATP-gamma-S. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Functionally coupled to phospholipase C (By similarity). (328 aa) |
| | Gimap5 | GTPase IMAP family member 5; Plays a role in T lymphocyte development and the optimal generation of CD4/CD8 double-positive thymocytes. Inhibitor of GSK3A. May act by sequestering GSK3A in cytoplasmic vesicles and impairing its translocation to the nucleus. Consequently, impairs GSK3A-dependent transcriptional program and regulation of the DNA damage response occurring during T cells proliferation. Required for the survival of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, as well as of peripheral T cells, natural killer (NK) and NK T-cell development and the maintenance of normal liver functio [...] (308 aa) |
| | Ajuba | LIM domain-containing protein ajuba; Adapter or scaffold protein which participates in the assembly of numerous protein complexes and is involved in several cellular processes such as cell fate determination, cytoskeletal organization, repression of gene transcription, mitosis, cell-cell adhesion, cell differentiation, proliferation and migration. Contributes to the linking and/or strengthening of epithelia cell-cell junctions in part by linking adhesive receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. May be involved in signal transduction from cell adhesion sites to the nucleus. Plays an importa [...] (547 aa) |
| | Gnai2 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta- adrenergic stimuli. May play a role in cell division. (355 aa) |
| | Vtcn1 | V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1; Negatively regulates T-cell-mediated immune response by inhibiting T-cell activation, proliferation, cytokine production and development of cytotoxicity. When expressed on the cell surface of tumor macrophages, plays an important role, together with regulatory T- cells (Treg), in the suppression of tumor-associated antigen-specific T-cell immunity. Involved in promoting epithelial cell transformation. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. BTN/MOG family. (283 aa) |
| | Zfp36 | mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36; Zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that destabilizes numerous cytoplasmic AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA transcripts by promoting their poly(A) tail removal or deadenylation, and hence provide a mechanism for attenuating protein synthesis. Acts as an 3'- untranslated region (UTR) ARE mRNA-binding adapter protein to communicate signaling events to the mRNA decay machinery. Recruits deadenylase CNOT7 (and probably the CCR4- NOT complex) via association with CNOT1, and hence promotes ARE- mediated mRNA deadenylation. Functions also by recruiting com [...] (319 aa) |
| | Zfpm1 | Zinc finger protein ZFPM1; Transcription regulator that plays an essential role in erythroid and megakaryocytic cell differentiation. Essential cofactor that acts via the formation of a heterodimer with transcription factors of the GATA family GATA1, GATA2 and GATA3. Such heterodimer can both activate or repress transcriptional activity, depending on the cell and promoter context. The heterodimer formed with GATA proteins is essential to activate expression of genes such as NFE2, ITGA2B, alpha- and beta-globin, while it represses expression of KLF1. May be involved in regulation of som [...] (995 aa) |
| | Tcim | Transcriptional and immune response regulator; Seems to be involved in the regulation of cell growth an differentiation, may play different and opposite roles depending on the tissue or cell type. May enhance the WNT-CTNNB1 pathway by relieving antagonistic activity of CBY1. Enhances the proliferation of follicular dendritic cells. Plays a role in the mitogen-activated MAPK2/3 signaling pathway, positively regulates G1-to-S-phase transition of the cell cycle. In endothelial cells, enhances key inflammatory mediators and inflammatory response through the modulation of NF-kappaB transcri [...] (106 aa) |
| | Ptpn11 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11; Acts downstream of various receptor and cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases to participate in the signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Positively regulates MAPK signal transduction pathway. Dephosphorylates GAB1, ARHGAP35 and EGFR. Dephosphorylates ROCK2 at 'Tyr-722' resulting in stimulatation of its RhoA binding activity. Dephosphorylates CDC73. (597 aa) |
| | Socs3 | Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; SOCS family proteins form part of a classical negative feedback system that regulates cytokine signal transduction. SOCS3 is involved in negative regulation of cytokines that signal through the JAK/STAT pathway. Inhibits cytokine signal transduction by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors including gp130, LIF, erythropoietin, insulin, IL12, GCSF and leptin receptors. Binding to JAK2 inhibits its kinase activity. Suppresses fetal liver erythropoiesis. Regulates onset and maintenance of allergic responses mediated by T-helper type 2 cells. Regulates IL [...] (225 aa) |
| | Lrrc3 | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3. (257 aa) |
| | Nlrc4 | NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4; Key component of inflammasomes that indirectly senses specific proteins from pathogenic bacteria and fungi and responds by assembling an inflammasome complex that promotes caspase-1 activation, cytokine production and macrophage pyroptosis. The NLRC4 inflammasome is activated as part of the innate immune response to a range of intracellular bacteria. It senses pathogenic proteins of the type III secretion system (T3SS) and type IV secretion system (T4SS) such as flagellin and PrgJ-like rod proteins via the Naip proteins (Naip1, Naip2 or Naip [...] (1024 aa) |
| | Rbp1 | Retinol-binding protein 1; Cytoplasmic retinol-binding protein. Accepts retinol from the transport protein STRA6, and thereby contributes to retinol uptake, storage and retinoid homeostasis. (135 aa) |
| | Jak3 | Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3; Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, or differentiation. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity and plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis during T-cells development. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors sharing the common subunit gamma such as IL2R, IL4R, IL7R, IL9R, IL15R and IL21R. Following ligand binding to cell surface receptors, phosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tails o [...] (1100 aa) |
| | Fndc9 | Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 9. (226 aa) |
| | Epha5 | Ephrin type-A receptor 5; Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously GPI- anchored ephrin-A family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Among GPI-anchored ephrin-A ligands, EFNA5 most probably constitutes the cognate/functional ligand for EPHA5. Functions as an axon guidance molecule during development and may be involved in [...] (876 aa) |
| | Kdm6a | Lysine-specific demethylase 6A; Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Demethylates trimethylated and dimethylated but not monomethylated H3 'Lys-27'. Plays a central role in regulation of posterior development, by regulating HOX gene expression. Demethylation of 'Lys-27' of histone H3 is concomitant with methylation of 'Lys-4' of histone H3, and regulates the recruitment of the PRC1 complex and monoubiquitination of histone H2A (By similarity). Plays a demethylase-independent role in chromatin remodeli [...] (1424 aa) |
| | Ccr4 | C-C chemokine receptor type 4; High affinity receptor for the C-C type chemokines CCL17/TARC and CCL22/MDC. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(i) proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Could play a role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock. In the CNS, could mediate hippocampal-neuron survival. (360 aa) |
| | Pik3cg | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Links G-protein coupled receptor activation to PIP3 production. Involved in immune, inflammatory and allergic responses. Modulates [...] (1102 aa) |
| | Slc35c1 | GDP-fucose transporter 1; Involved in GDP-fucose import from the cytoplasm into the Golgi lumen; Belongs to the TPT transporter family. SLC35C subfamily. (363 aa) |
| | Ifng | Interferon gamma; Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. (155 aa) |
| | Adam10 | Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10; Cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TNF-alpha to its mature soluble form. Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface (By similarity). Responsible for the proteolytic release of several other cell-surface proteins, including heparin-binding epidermal growth-like factor, ephrin-A2, CD44, CDH2 and for constitutive and regulated alpha- secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) at '687-Lys-|- Leu-688' (By similarity). Contributes to the normal cleavage of the cellula [...] (749 aa) |
| | Rft1 | Protein RFT1 homolog; May be involved in N-linked oligosaccharide assembly. May participate in the translocation of oligosaccharide from the cytoplasmic side to the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (By similarity). (541 aa) |
| | Jak2 | Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2; Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, differentiation or histone modifications. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors such as growth hormone (GHR), prolactin (PRLR), leptin (LEPR), erythropoietin (EPOR), thrombopoietin (THPO); or type II receptors including IFN-alpha, IFN- beta, IFN-gamma and multiple interleukins. Following ligand-binding to cell surface receptors [...] (1132 aa) |
| | Dsg3 | Desmoglein-3; Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. (993 aa) |
| | Spink5 | Serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5. (1017 aa) |
| | Fam49b | Protein FAM49B. (324 aa) |
| | Sos1 | Son of sevenless homolog 1; Promotes the exchange of Ras-bound GDP by GTP. Probably by promoting Ras activation, regulates phosphorylation of MAP kinase MAPK3 in response to EGF (By similarity). Catalytic component of a trimeric complex that participates in transduction of signals from Ras to Rac by promoting the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity. (1319 aa) |
| | Wls | Protein wntless homolog; Regulates Wnt proteins sorting and secretion in a feedback regulatory mechanism. This reciprocal interaction plays a key role in the regulation of expression, subcellular location, binding and organelle-specific association of Wnt proteins. Plays also an important role in establishment of the anterior-posterior body axis formation during development. (541 aa) |
| | Itgam | Integrin alpha-M; Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is implicated in various adhesive interactions of monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes as well as in mediating the uptake of complement-coated particles and pathogens (By similarity). It is identical with CR-3, the receptor for the iC3b fragment of the third complement component. It probably recognizes the R-G-D peptide in C3b. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is also a receptor for fibrinogen, factor X and ICAM1. It recognizes P1 and P2 peptides of fibrinogen gamma chain. Regulates neutrophil migration. In association with beta subunit ITGB2/CD18, require [...] (1154 aa) |
| | Trib1 | Tribbles homolog 1; Adapter protein involved in protein degradation by interacting with COP1 ubiquitin ligase. Promotes CEBPA degradation and inhibits its function. Controls macrophage, eosinophil and neutrophil differentiation via the COP1-binding domain. Regulates myeloid cell differentiation by altering the expression of CEBPA in a COP1-dependent manner. Interacts with MAPK kinases and regulates activation of MAP kinases, but has no kinase activity (By similarity). Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Tribbles subfamily. (372 aa) |
| | Cebpe | CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein epsilon; Transcriptional activator. C/EBP are DNA-binding proteins that recognize two different motifs: the CCAAT homology common to many promoters and the enhanced core homology common to many enhancers. Required for the promyelocyte-myelocyte transition in myeloid differentiation; Belongs to the bZIP family. C/EBP subfamily. (281 aa) |
| | C4b | Complement C4 alpha chain; Non-enzymatic component of C3 and C5 convertases and thus essential for the propagation of the classical complement pathway. Covalently binds to immunoglobulins and immune complexes and enhances the solubilization of immune aggregates and the clearance of IC through CR1 on erythrocytes. Catalyzes the transacylation of the thioester carbonyl group to form ester bonds with carbohydrate antigens (By similarity). (1738 aa) |
| | Yy2 | Transcription factor YY2; Functions as a multifunctional transcription factor that may exhibit positive and negative control on a large number of genes. May antagonize YY1 and function in development and differentiation. (378 aa) |
| | Nf1 | Neurofibromin; Stimulates the GTPase activity of Ras. NF1 shows greater affinity for Ras GAP, but lower specific activity. May be a regulator of Ras activity. (2841 aa) |
| | Bckdha | 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial; The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3); Belongs to the BCKDHA family. (446 aa) |
| | Cxcl12 | Stromal cell-derived factor 1; Chemoattractant active on T-lymphocytes and monocytes but not neutrophils. Activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. Also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3, which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. Binds to the allosteric site (site 2) of integrins and activates integrins ITGAV:ITGB3, ITGA4:ITGB1 and ITGA5:ITGB1 in a CXCR4-independent manner (By similarity). Acts as a positive regulator of monocyte migrat [...] (119 aa) |
| | Unc13d | Protein unc-13 homolog D; Plays a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes. Required for both granule maturation and granule docking and priming at the immunologic synapse. Regulates assembly of recycling and late endosomal structures, leading to the formation of an endosomal exocytic compartment that fuses with perforin-containing granules at the immunologic synapse and licences them for exocytosis (By similarity). Regulates Ca(2+)-dependent secretory lysosome exocytosis in mast cells. (1083 aa) |
| | Gm10282 | Non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-17; Binds to the inner side of the nucleosomal DNA thus altering the interaction between the DNA and the histone octamer. May be involved in the process which maintains transcribable genes in a unique chromatin conformation (By similarity). (90 aa) |
| | Sftpd | Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D; Contributes to the lung's defense against inhaled microorganisms, organic antigens and toxins. Interacts with compounds such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides, oligosaccharides and fatty acids and modulates leukocyte action in immune response. May participate in the extracellular reorganization or turnover of pulmonary surfactant. Binds strongly maltose residues and to a lesser extent other alpha- glucosyl moieties; Belongs to the SFTPD family. (374 aa) |
| | Trim31 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM31; May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity (By similarity). Regulator of Src-induced anchorage independent cell growth. (507 aa) |
| | Chia1 | Acidic mammalian chitinase; Degrades chitin and chitotriose. May participate in the defense against nematodes, fungi and other pathogens. Plays a role in T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) immune response. Contributes to the response to IL-13 and inflammation in response to IL-13. Stimulates chemokine production by pulmonary epithelial cells. Protects lung epithelial cells against apoptosis and promotes phosphorylation of AKT1. Its function in the inflammatory response and in protecting cells against apoptosis is inhibited by allosamidin, suggesting that the function of this protein depends on [...] (473 aa) |
| | Lin28b | Protein lin-28 homolog B; Suppressor of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, including that of let-7 and possibly of miR107, miR-143 and miR-200c. Binds primary let-7 transcripts (pri-let-7), including pri-let-7g and pri-let-7a-1, and sequester them in the nucleolus, away from the microprocessor complex, hence preventing their processing into mature miRNA. Does not act on pri-miR21. The repression of let-7 expression is required for normal development and contributes to maintain the pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells by preventing let-7-mediated differentiation. When overexpressed, recr [...] (271 aa) |
| | Abce1 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family E member 1; Antagonizes the binding of 2-5A (5'-phosphorylated 2',5'- linked oligoadenylates) by RNase L through direct interaction with RNase L and therefore inhibits its endoribonuclease activity. May play a central role in the regulation of mRNA turnover. Antagonizes the anti-viral effect of the interferon-regulated 2-5A/RNase L pathway (By similarity); Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCE family. (599 aa) |
| | Fes | Tyrosine-protein kinase Fes/Fps; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts downstream of cell surface receptors and plays a role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, microtubule assembly, cell attachment and cell spreading. Plays a role in FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor)-mediated signaling in mast cells. Acts down-stream of the activated FCER1 receptor and the mast/stem cell growth factor receptor KIT. Plays a role in the regulation of mast cell degranulation. Plays a role in the regulation of cell differentiation and promotes neurite outgrowth in response to NGF [...] (822 aa) |
| | Ppp2r5c | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform; The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment. The PP2A- PPP2R5C holoenzyme may activate TP53 and play a role in DNA damage- induced inhibition of cell proliferation. PP2A-PPP2R5C may also regulate the ERK signaling pathway through ERK dephosphorylation (By similarity). (524 aa) |
| | Sh2b3 | SH2B adapter protein 3; Links T-cell receptor activation signal to phospholipase C- gamma-1, GRB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Belongs to the SH2B adapter family. (548 aa) |
| | Icam1 | Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; ICAM proteins are ligands for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1 (integrin alpha-L/beta-2). During leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, ICAM1 engagement promotes the assembly of endothelial apical cups through ARHGEF26/SGEF and RHOG activation (By similarity). (537 aa) |
| | Git2 | ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT2; GTPase-activating protein for the ADP ribosylation factor family. (759 aa) |
| | Atn1 | Atrophin-1; Transcriptional corepressor. Corepressor of MTG8 transcriptional repression. Has some intrinsic repression activity which is independent of the number of the poly-Q repeats (By similarity). Recruits NR2E1 to repress transcription. Promotes vascular smooth cell (VSMC) migration and orientation. (1175 aa) |
| | Il2rb | Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta; Receptor for interleukin-2. This beta subunit is involved in receptor mediated endocytosis and transduces the mitogenic signals of IL2. Probably in association with IL15RA, involved in the stimulation of neutrophil phagocytosis by IL15 (By similarity). (539 aa) |
| | Rubcn | Run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein; Inhibits PIK3C3 activity; under basal conditions negatively regulates PI3K complex II (PI3KC3-C2) function in autophagy. Negatively regulates endosome maturation and degradative endocytic trafficking and impairs autophagosome maturation process. Can sequester UVRAG from association with a class C Vps complex (possibly the HOPS complex) and negatively regulates Rab7 activation (By similarity). (956 aa) |
| | Dock2 | Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 2; Involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements required for lymphocyte migration in response of chemokines. Activates RAC1 and RAC2, but not CDC42, by functioning as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which exchanges bound GDP for free GTP. May also participate in IL2 transcriptional activation via the activation of RAC2. (1828 aa) |
| | Plscr1 | Phospholipid scramblase 1; May mediate accelerated ATP-independent bidirectional transbilayer migration of phospholipids upon binding calcium ions that results in a loss of phospholipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane. May play a central role in the initiation of fibrin clot formation, in the activation of mast cells and in the recognition of apoptotic and injured cells by the reticuloendothelial system. (328 aa) |
| | Id1 | DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1; Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation. Inhibits skeletal muscle and cardiac myocyte differentiation. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the C [...] (148 aa) |
| | Cd74 | H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain; Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to compartments where peptide loading of class II takes place. Enhance also the stimulation of T-cell responses through interaction with CD44. (279 aa) |
| | Fbxo36 | F-box only protein 36; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (188 aa) |
| | Selplg | P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1; A SLe(x)-type proteoglycan, which through high affinity, calcium-dependent interactions with E- and P-selectins, mediates rapid rolling of leukocytes over vascular surfaces during the initial steps in inflammation. Critical for the initial leukocyte capture. (417 aa) |
| | Nlrp3 | NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; As the sensor component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of NLRP3, PYCARD and CASP1 (or possibly CASP4/CASP11). Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1-catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and secretion in the extracellular milieu. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion. The active cytokines a [...] (1033 aa) |
| | Adam17 | Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17; Cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TNF-alpha to its mature soluble form. Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface. Plays a role in the proteolytic processing of ACE2 (By similarity). Responsible for the proteolytic release of several other cell-surface proteins, including p75 TNF-receptor, interleukin 1 receptor type II, p55 TNF-receptor, transforming growth factor-alpha, L-selectin, growth hormone receptor, MUC1 and the amyloid precursor protein. Acts as an activator of [...] (846 aa) |
| | Ikzf3 | Zinc finger protein Aiolos; Transcription factor that plays an important role in the regulation of lymphocyte differentiation. Binds to GGGAA. Plays an essential role in regulation of B-cell differentiation, proliferation and maturation to an effector state. Involved in regulating BCL2 expression and controlling apoptosis in T-cells in an IL2-dependent manner; Belongs to the Ikaros C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (507 aa) |
| | Rasgrp1 | RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1; Functions as a calcium- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Ras through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Activates the Erk/MAP kinase cascade. Regulates T-cell/B-cell development, homeostasis and differentiation by coupling T-lymphocyte/B-lymphocyte antigen receptors to Ras. Regulates NK cell cytotoxicity and ITAM-dependent cytokine production by activation of Ras-mediated ERK and JNK pathways (By similarity). Functions in mast cell degranulation and cytokine secretion, regulating FcERI-evoked allergic [...] (795 aa) |
| | Tnip1 | TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1; Inhibits NF-kappa-B activation and TNF-induced NF-kappa-B- dependent gene expression by regulating A20/TNFAIP3-mediated deubiquitination of IKBKG; proposed to link A20/TNFAIP3 to ubiquitinated IKBKG. Involved in regulation of EGF-induced ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathway; blocks MAPK3/MAPK1 nuclear translocation and MAPK1- dependent transcription. Increases cell surface CD4(T4) antigen expression. Involved in the anti-inflammatory response of macrophages and positively regulates TLR-induced activation of CEBPB. Involved in the prevention of autoimmunity; this f [...] (647 aa) |
| | Dclre1c | Protein artemis; Required for V(D)J recombination, the process by which exons encoding the antigen-binding domains of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptor proteins are assembled from individual V, (D), and J gene segments. V(D)J recombination is initiated by the lymphoid specific RAG endonuclease complex, which generates site specific DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). These DSBs present two types of DNA end structures: hairpin sealed coding ends and phosphorylated blunt signal ends. These ends are independently repaired by the non homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to form coding and [...] (705 aa) |
| | Pik3cd | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Mediates immune responses. Plays a role in B-cell development, proliferation, migration, and function. Required for B-cell recepto [...] (1047 aa) |
| | Csf3r | Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor; Receptor for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF3). In addition it may function in some adhesion or recognition events at the cell surface. (837 aa) |
| | Itgal | Integrin alpha-L; Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for ICAM1, ICAM2, ICAM3 and ICAM4. Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for F11R (By similarity). Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for the secreted form of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15; the interaction is mediated by ITGAL. Involved in a variety of immune phenomena including leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction, cytotoxic T-cell mediated killing, and antibody dependent killing by granulocytes and monocytes. Contributes to natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Involved in leukocyte adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes including T-c [...] (1162 aa) |
| | Cd300a | CMRF35-like molecule 8; Inhibitory receptor which may contribute to the down- regulation of cytolytic activity in natural killer (NK) cells, and to the down-regulation of mast cell degranulation. Negatively regulates the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling mediated by MYD88 but not TRIF through activation of PTPN6 (By similarity). (318 aa) |
| | Cxcr2 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2; Receptor for interleukin-8 which is a powerful neutrophil chemotactic factor. Binding of IL-8 to the receptor causes activation of neutrophils. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Binds to IL-8 with high affinity. Also binds with high affinity to CXCL3, GRO/MGSA and NAP-2. (359 aa) |
| | Stat5b | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B; Carries out a dual function: signal transduction and activation of transcription. Mediates cellular responses to the cytokine KITLG/SCF and other growth factors. Binds to the GAS element and activates PRL-induced transcription. Positively regulates hematopoietic/erythroid differentiation. (786 aa) |
| | C9orf72 | Guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog; Component of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex, a complex that has guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity and regulates autophagy. In the complex, C9orf72 and SMCR8 probably constitute the catalytic subunits that promote the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting inactive GDP-bound RAB8A and RAB39B into their active GTP-bound form, thereby promoting autophagosome maturation (By similarity). The C9orf72-SMCR8 complex also acts as a regulator of autophagy initiation by interacting with the ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex and modulating its protein kin [...] (481 aa) |
| | Bach2 | Transcription regulator protein BACH2; Transcriptional regulator that acts as repressor or activator. Binds to Maf recognition elements (MARE). Plays an important role in coordinating transcription activation and repression by MAFK. Induces apoptosis in response to oxidative stress through repression of the antiapoptotic factor HMOX1 (By similarity). Positively regulates the nuclear import of actin. Is a key regulator of adaptive immunity, crucial for the maintenance of regulatory T-cell function and B-cell maturation ; Belongs to the bZIP family. CNC subfamily. (839 aa) |
| | Lgals9 | Galectin-9; Binds galactosides (By similarity). Has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide (By similarity). Ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3 (By similarity). Binding to HAVCR2 induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death (By similarity). Also stimulates bactericidal activity in infected macrophages by causing macrophage activation and IL1B secretion which restricts intracellular bacterial growth. Ligand for P4HB; the interaction retains P4HB at the cell surface of Th2 T-helper cells, increasing disulfide reductase activity at the plasma membrane, altering the plasma membrane redox stat [...] (353 aa) |
| | Foxn1 | Forkhead box protein N1; Transcriptional regulator which regulates the development, differentiation, and function of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) both in the prenatal and postnatal thymus. Acts as a master regulator of the TECs lineage development and is required from the onset of differentiation in progenitor TECs in the developing fetus to the final differentiation steps through which TECs mature to acquire their full functionality. Regulates, either directly or indirectly the expression of a variety of genes that mediate diverse aspects of thymus development and function, includin [...] (648 aa) |
| | Nlrp1a | NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 1a; As a potential sensor component of the NLRP1 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of Nlrp1b, CASP1, and possibly PYCARD. Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1-catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and secretion in the extracellular milieu. Activation of NLRP1 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion. The active cytokines and HMGB [...] (1182 aa) |
| | Asxl1 | Polycomb group protein ASXL1; Probable Polycomb group (PcG) protein involved in transcriptional regulation mediated by ligand-bound retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). Acts as a coactivator of RARA and RXRA through association with NCOA1. Acts as a corepressor for PPARG and suppresses its adipocyte differentiation-inducing activity. Non-catalytic component of the PR-DUB complex, a complex that specifically mediates deubiquitination of histone H2A monoubiquitinated at 'Lys-119' (H2AK119ub1) (By similarity). Acts as a sensor of N(6 [...] (1514 aa) |
| | Foxa2 | Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta; Transcription factor that is involved in embryonic development, establishment of tissue-specific gene expression and regulation of gene expression in differentiated tissues. Is thought to act as a 'pioneer' factor opening the compacted chromatin for other proteins through interactions with nucleosomal core histones and thereby replacing linker histones at target enhancer and/or promoter sites. Binds DNA with the consensus sequence 5'- [AC]A[AT]T[AG]TT[GT][AG][CT]T[CT]-3' (By similarity). In embryonic development is required for notochord formation. Inv [...] (465 aa) |
| | Usp21 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 21; Deubiquitinates histone H2A, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression, thereby acting as a coactivator. Deubiquitination of histone H2A releaves the repression of di- and trimethylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-4', resulting in regulation of transcriptional initiation. Regulates gene expression via histone H2A deubiquitination. Also capable of removing NEDD8 from NEDD8 conjugates but has no effect on Sentrin-1 conjugates. Deubiquitinates BAZ2A/TIP5 leading to its stabilization (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. U [...] (566 aa) |
| | Tfpi | Tissue factor pathway inhibitor; Inhibits factor X (X(a)) directly and, in a Xa-dependent way, inhibits VIIa/tissue factor activity, presumably by forming a quaternary Xa/LACI/VIIa/TF complex. It possesses an antithrombotic action and also the ability to associate with lipoproteins in plasma (By similarity). (306 aa) |
| | Camp | Cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide; Acts as a potent antimicrobial peptide. (172 aa) |
| | Cabp1 | Calcium-binding protein 1; Modulates calcium-dependent activity of inositol 1,4,5- triphosphate receptors (ITPRs). Inhibits agonist-induced intracellular calcium signaling. Enhances inactivation and does not support calcium- dependent facilitation of voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channels (By similarity). Causes calcium-dependent facilitation and inhibits inactivation of L-type calcium channels by binding to the same sites as calmodulin in the C-terminal domain of CACNA1C, but has an opposite effect on channel function. Suppresses the calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1D. Inh [...] (350 aa) |
| | Adipor1 | Adiponectin receptor protein 1; Receptor for ADIPOQ, an essential hormone secreted by adipocytes that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Required for normal glucose and fat homeostasis and for maintaining a normal body weight. ADIPOQ-binding activates a signaling cascade that leads to increased AMPK activity, and ultimately to increased fatty acid oxidation, increased glucose uptake and decreased gluconeogenesis. Has high affinity for globular adiponectin and low affinity for full-length adiponectin. (375 aa) |
| | Ace2 | Processed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Carboxypeptidase which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a peptide of unknown function, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, a vasodilator (By similarity). Also able to hydrolyze apelin-13 and dynorphin-13 with high efficiency (By similarity). By cleavage of angiotensin II, may be an important regulator of heart function. By cleavage of angiotensin II, may also have a protective role in acute lung injury. Plays an important role in amino acid transport by acting as binding partner of amino acid transporter SLC6A19, regulating its tr [...] (805 aa) |
| | Plac8 | Placenta-specific gene 8 protein; Belongs to the cornifelin family. (112 aa) |
| | Col4a5 | Collagen, type IV, alpha 5. (1691 aa) |
| | Ciz1 | CDKN1A-interacting zinc finger protein 1. (845 aa) |
| | Arhgap25 | Rho GTPase-activating protein 25; GTPase activator for the Rho-type GTPases by converting them to an inactive GDP-bound state. (648 aa) |
| | Trim39 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM39; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (By similarity). May facilitate apoptosis by inhibiting APC/C-Cdh1-mediated poly-ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of the pro-apoptotic protein MOAP1 (By similarity). Regulates the G1/S transition of the cell cycle and DNA damage-induced G2 arrest by stabilizing CDKN1A/p21 (By similarity). Positively regulates CDKN1A/p21 stability by competing with DTL for CDKN1A/p21 binding, therefore disrupting DCX(DTL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex-mediated CDKN1A/p21 ubiquitination and degradation (By similarity). (488 aa) |
| | Cflar | CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator subunit p12; Apoptosis regulator protein which may function as a crucial link between cell survival and cell death pathways in mammalian cells. Acts as an inhibitor of TNFRSF6 mediated apoptosis. A proteolytic fragment (p43) is likely retained in the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) thereby blocking further recruitment and processing of caspase-8 at the complex. Full length and shorter isoforms have been shown either to induce apoptosis or to reduce TNFRSF-triggered apoptosis. Lacks enzymatic (caspase) activity (By similarity). Belongs to [...] (481 aa) |
| | Pstpip2 | Proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 2; Binds to F-actin. May be involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. (334 aa) |
| | Kmt2e | Inactive histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2E; Associates with chromatin regions downstream of transcriptional start sites of active genes and thus regulates gene transcription (By similarity). Chromatin interaction is mediated via the binding to tri-methylated histone H3 at 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) (By similarity). Key regulator of hematopoiesis involved in terminal myeloid differentiation and in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) self-renewal by a mechanism that involves DNA methylation. Also acts as an important cell cycle regulator, participating in cell cycle regulatory ne [...] (1868 aa) |
| | Timp1 | Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1; Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16. Does not act on MMP14 (By similarity). Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1. Plays a role in integrin signaling; Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 [...] (205 aa) |
| | Bcor | BCL-6 corepressor; Transcriptional corepressor. May specifically inhibit gene expression when recruited to promoter regions by sequence-specific DNA- binding proteins such as BCL6 and MLLT3. This repression may be mediated at least in part by histone deacetylase activities which can associate with this corepressor. Involved in the repression of TFAP2A; impairs binding of BCL6 and KDM2B to TFAP2A promoter regions. Via repression of TFAP2A acts as a negative regulator of osteo-dentiogenic capacity in adult stem cells; the function implies inhibition of methylation on histone H3 'Lys-4' ( [...] (1759 aa) |
| | Olfr380 | Olfactory receptor. (311 aa) |
| | Zdhhc13 | Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC13; Palmitoyltransferase for HTT and GAD2. May play a role in Mg(2+) transport. Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family. AKR/ZDHHC17 subfamily. (622 aa) |
| | Ank1 | Ankyrin-1; Attaches integral membrane proteins to cytoskeletal elements; binds to the erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2, to Na-K ATPase, to the lymphocyte membrane protein GP85, and to the cytoskeletal proteins fodrin, tubulin, vimentin and desmin. Erythrocyte ankyrins also link spectrin (beta chain) to the cytoplasmic domain of the erythrocytes anion exchange protein; they retain most or all of these binding functions. In skeletal muscle, isoform Mu7 together with obscurin may provide a molecular link between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils. (1907 aa) |
| | Nod2 | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; Involved in gastrointestinal immunity. Upon stimulation by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan, binds the proximal adapter receptor-interacting RIPK2, which recruits ubiquitin ligases as XIAP, BIRC2, BIRC3, INAVA and the LUBAC complex, triggering activation of MAP kinases and activation of NF-kappa-B signaling. This in turn leads to the transcriptional activation of hundreds of genes involved in immune response. Required for MDP-induced NLRP1-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B release in macroph [...] (1013 aa) |
| | Bcl3 | B-cell lymphoma 3 protein homolog; Contributes to the regulation of transcriptional activation of NF-kappa-B target genes. In the cytoplasm, inhibits the nuclear translocation of the NF-kappa-B p50 subunit (By similarity). In the nucleus, acts as transcriptional activator that promotes transcription of NF-kappa-B target genes. Contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation. (448 aa) |
| | Syk | Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK; Non-receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates signal transduction downstream of a variety of transmembrane receptors including classical immunoreceptors like the B-cell receptor (BCR). Regulates several biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, cell adhesion, osteoclast maturation, platelet activation and vascular development. Assembles into signaling complexes with activated receptors at the plasma membrane via interaction between its SH2 domains and the receptor tyrosine-phosphorylated ITAM domains. The association with the receptor can a [...] (629 aa) |
| | Tnfaip8 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8; Acts as a negative mediator of apoptosis. Suppresses the TNF- mediated apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-8 activity but not the processing of procaspase-8, subsequently resulting in inhibition of BID cleavage and caspase-3 activation (By similarity). (212 aa) |
| | Becn1 | Beclin-1-C 35 kDa; Plays a central role in autophagy. Acts as core subunit of different PI3K complex forms that mediate formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 (By similarity). Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K comp [...] (448 aa) |
| | Stat3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interleukins, KITLG/SCF, LEP and other growth factors (By similarity). Once activated, recruits coactivators, such as NCOA1 or MED1, to the promoter region of the target gene (By similarity). May mediate cellular responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4 (By similarity). Binds to the interleukin-6 (IL-6)- responsive elements identified in the promoters of various acute-phase protein genes (By similarity). Activated by IL31 through IL31RA (By s [...] (770 aa) |
| | Arhgap21 | Rho GTPase-activating protein 21; Functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for RHOA and CDC42. Downstream partner of ARF1 which may control Golgi apparatus structure and function. Also required for CTNNA1 recruitment to adherens junctions (By similarity). (1955 aa) |
| | Dlgap2 | Disks large-associated protein 2; May play a role in the molecular organization of synapses and neuronal cell signaling. Could be an adapter protein linking ion channel to the subsynaptic cytoskeleton. May induce enrichment of PSD- 95/SAP90 at the plasma membrane. (1060 aa) |
| | Flt3l | Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand; Stimulates the proliferation of early hematopoietic cells by activating FLT3. Synergizes well with a number of other colony stimulating factors and interleukins. (232 aa) |
| | Selp | P-selectin; Ca(2+)-dependent receptor for myeloid cells that binds to carbohydrates on neutrophils and monocytes. Mediates the interaction of activated endothelial cells or platelets with leukocytes. The ligand recognized is sialyl-Lewis X. Mediates rapid rolling of leukocyte rolling over vascular surfaces during the initial steps in inflammation through interaction with SELPLG. (768 aa) |
| | Setdb2 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETDB2; Histone methyltransferase involved in left-right axis specification in early development and mitosis. Specifically trimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me3). H3K9me3 is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression that recruits HP1 (CBX1, CBX3 and/or CBX5) proteins to methylated histones. Contributes to H3K9me3 in both the interspersed repetitive elements and centromere- associated repeats. Plays a role in chromosome condensation and segregation during mitosis (By similarity). (697 aa) |
| | Pik3c2a | Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit alpha; Generates phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) that act as second messengers. Has a role in several intracellular trafficking events. Functions in insulin signaling and secretion. Required for translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 to the plasma membrane and glucose uptake in response to insulin-mediated RHOQ activation. Regulates insulin secretion through two different mechanisms: involved in glucose-induced insulin secretion dow [...] (1686 aa) |
| | Bcr | Breakpoint cluster region protein; Protein with a unique structure having two opposing regulatory activities toward small GTP-binding proteins. The C-terminus is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain which stimulates GTP hydrolysis by RAC1, RAC2 and CDC42. Accelerates the intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis of RAC1 or CDC42, leading to down-regulation of the active GTP-bound form. The central Dbl homology (DH) domain functions as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that modulates the GTPases CDC42, RHOA and RAC1. Promotes the conversion of CDC42, RHOA and RAC1 from the GDP-bound t [...] (1270 aa) |
| | Fam83h | Protein FAM83H; May play a major role in the structural organization and calcification of developing enamel. May play a role in keratin cytoskeleton disassembly by recruiting CSNK1A1 to keratin filaments. Thereby, it may regulate epithelial cell migration. Belongs to the FAM83 family. (1209 aa) |
| | Zc3h12c | Probable ribonuclease ZC3H12C; May function as RNase and regulate the levels of target RNA species. (903 aa) |
| | Inpp5d | Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 1; Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphatase that specifically hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) to produce PtdIns(3,4)P2, thereby negatively regulating the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathways (By similarity). Able also to hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. Acts as a negative regulator of B-cell antigen receptor signaling. Mediates signaling from the FC-gamma-RIIB receptor (FCGR2B), p [...] (1191 aa) |
| | Gcnt4 | Beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4; Glycosyltransferase that mediates core 2 O-glycan branching, an important step in mucin-type biosynthesis. Does not have core 4 O- glycan or I-branching enzyme activity. (455 aa) |
| | Fcgr3 | Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III; Receptor for the Fc region of complexed immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor which binds to IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b. Mediates neutrophil activation by IgG complexes redundantly with Fcgr4. (267 aa) |
| | Cd59a | CD59A glycoprotein; Potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) action. Acts by binding to the C8 and/or C9 complements of the assembling MAC, thereby preventing incorporation of the multiple copies of C9 required for complete formation of the osmolytic pore (By similarity). (123 aa) |
| | Atg7 | Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7; E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates ATG12 for its conjugation with ATG5 as well as the ATG8 family proteins for their conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Required for autophagic death induced by caspase-8 inhibition. Required for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria [...] (741 aa) |
| | Gcnt1 | Beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; Glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of an N- acetylglucosamine moiety onto mucin-type core 1 O-glycan to form the branched mucin-type core 2 O-glycan. Mucin-type core 2 O-glycans play an important role in leukocyte extravasation as they serve as scaffolds for the display of the selectin ligand sialyl Lewis X by leukocytes. (428 aa) |
| | Mecom | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MECOM. (718 aa) |
| | Gfi1 | Zinc finger protein Gfi-1; Transcription repressor essential for hematopoiesis. Functions in a cell-context and development-specific manner. Binds to 5'-TAAATCAC[AT]GCA-3' in the promoter region of a large number of genes. Component of several complexes, including the EHMT2-GFI1-HDAC1, AJUBA-GFI1-HDAC1 and RCOR-GFI-KDM1A-HDAC complexes, that suppress, via histone deacetylase (HDAC) recruitment, a number of genes implicated in multilineage blood cell development. Regulates neutrophil differentiation, promotes proliferation of lymphoid cells, and is required for granulocyte development. [...] (489 aa) |
| | Ttc28 | Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 28; During mitosis, may be involved in the condensation of spindle midzone microtubules, leading to the formation of midbody. (2450 aa) |
| | Ptprc | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C; Protein tyrosine-protein phosphatase required for T-cell activation through the antigen receptor. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation upon binding to DPP4. The first PTPase domain has enzymatic activity, while the second one seems to affect the substrate specificity of the first one. Upon T-cell activation, recruits and dephosphorylates SKAP1 and FYN (By similarity). Dephosphorylates LYN, and thereby modulates LYN activity. (1293 aa) |
| | Il6st | Interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta; Signal-transducing molecule. The receptor systems for IL6, LIF, OSM, CNTF, IL11, CTF1 and BSF3 can utilize IL6ST for initiating signal transmission. Binding of IL6 to IL6R induces IL6ST homodimerization and formation of a high-affinity receptor complex, which activates Janus kinases. That causes phosphorylation of IL6ST tyrosine residues which in turn activates STAT3. Mediates signals which regulate immune response, hematopoiesis, pain control and bone metabolism. Has a role in embryonic development. Does not bind IL6 (By similarity). Essential for [...] (917 aa) |
| | Ly6a | Lymphocyte antigen 6A-2/6E-1; T-cell activation. (134 aa) |
| | Stat1 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signaling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to [...] (755 aa) |
| | Tet2 | Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2; Dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and plays a key role in active DNA demethylation. Has a preference for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in CpG motifs. Also mediates subsequent conversion of 5hmC into 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and conversion of 5fC to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Conversion of 5mC into 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC probably constitutes the first step in cytosine demethylation. Methylation at the C5 position of cytosine bases is an epigenetic modification of the mam [...] (1920 aa) |
| | Cd19 | B-lymphocyte antigen CD19; Functions as coreceptor for the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) on B-lymphocytes. Decreases the threshold for activation of downstream signaling pathways and for triggering B-cell responses to antigens (By similarity). Activates signaling pathways that lead to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Is not required for early steps during B cell differentiation in the blood marrow. Required for normal differentiation of B-1 cells. Required for normal B cell differentiation and proliferation in [...] (547 aa) |
| | Camsap3 | Calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 3; Key microtubule-organizing protein that specifically binds the minus-end of non-centrosomal microtubules and regulates their dynamics and organization. Specifically recognizes growing microtubule minus- ends and autonomously decorates and stabilizes microtubule lattice formed by microtubule minus-end polymerization. Acts on free microtubule minus-ends that are not capped by microtubule- nucleating proteins or other factors and protects microtubule minus- ends from depolymerization. In addition, it also reduces the velocity of microtub [...] (1279 aa) |
| | Pde2a | cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase; Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes. (945 aa) |
| | Arntl | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1; Transcriptional activator which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressur [...] (626 aa) |
| | Ldha | L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain; Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. LDH family. (361 aa) |
| | Cck | Cholecystokinin-12; This peptide hormone induces gall bladder contraction and the release of pancreatic enzymes in the gut. Its function in the brain is not clear. Binding to CCK-A receptors stimulates amylase release from the pancreas, binding to CCK-B receptors stimulates gastric acid secretion; Belongs to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family. (115 aa) |
| | Cyp1a1 | Cytochrome P450 1A1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy [...] (524 aa) |
| | Il18 | Interleukin-18; A proinflammatory cytokine primarily involved in polarized T- helper 1 (Th1) cell and natural killer (NK) cell immune responses. Upon binding to IL18R1 and IL18RAP, forms a signaling ternary complex which activates NF-kappa-B, triggering synthesis of inflammatory mediators. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Belongs to the IL-1 family. (192 aa) |
| | Esr2 | Estrogen receptor beta; Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1 (ER-alpha), and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner. May play a role in ovarian follicular growth and maturation; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (567 aa) |
| | Tsta3 | GDP-L-fucose synthase; Catalyzes the two-step NADP-dependent conversion of GDP-4- dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose to GDP-fucose, involving an epimerase and a reductase reaction. (321 aa) |
| | Ube2w | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 W; Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. Specifically monoubiquitinates the N-terminus of various substrates, including ATXN3, MAPT/TAU, POLR2H/RPB8 and STUB1/CHIP, by recognizing backbone atoms of disordered N-termini. Involved in degradation of misfolded chaperone substrates by mediating monoubiquitination of STUB1/CHIP, leading to recruitment of ATXN3 to monoubiquitinated STUB1/CHIP, and restriction of the length of ubiquitin chain attached to STUB1/CHIP substrates by ATXN3. After UV irradiation [...] (180 aa) |
| | Nedd4l | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-like; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Inhibits TGF- beta signaling by triggering SMAD2 and TGFBR1 ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. Promotes ubiquitination and internalization of various plasma membrane channels such as ENaC, SCN2A/Nav1.2, SCN3A/Nav1.3, SCN5A/Nav1.5, SCN9A/Nav1.7, SCN10A/Nav1.8, KCNA3/Kv1.3, KCNH2, EAAT1, KCNQ2/Kv7.2, KCNQ3/Kv7.3 or CLC5. Promotes ubiquitination and [...] (976 aa) |
| | Atp5md | ATP synthase membrane subunit DAPIT, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism [...] (58 aa) |
| | Emc10 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 10; Promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair in the heart after myocardial infarction. Stimulates cardiac endothelial cell migration and outgrowth via the activation of p38 MAPK, PAK and MAPK2 signaling pathways. (268 aa) |
