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| | Ccl2 | C-C motif chemokine 2; Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 (By similarity). Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions (By similarity). Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils (By similarity). Plays an important role in mediating peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Increases NMDA-mediated synaptic transmission in both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-containing neurons, which may be caused by MAPK/ERK-dependent phospho [...] (148 aa) |
| | Pparg | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut ho [...] (505 aa) |
| | Acvrl1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3; Type I receptor for TGF-beta family ligands BMP9/GDF2 and BMP10 and important regulator of normal blood vessel development. On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. May bind activin as well. (502 aa) |
| | Poldip2 | Polymerase delta-interacting protein 2; Involved in DNA damage tolerance by regulating translesion synthesis (TLS) of templates carrying DNA damage lesions such as 8oxoG and abasic sites. May act by stimulating activity of DNA polymerases involved in TLS, such as PRIMPOL and polymerase delta (POLD1). (368 aa) |
| | Ier3 | Radiation-inducible immediate-early gene IEX-1; May play a role in the ERK signaling pathway by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of ERK by phosphatase PP2A-PPP2R5C holoenzyme. Acts also as an ERK downstream effector mediating survival (By similarity). As a member of the NUPR1/RELB/IER3 survival pathway, may allow the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias. (160 aa) |
| | Plod3 | Multifunctional procollagen lysine hydroxylase and glycosyltransferase LH3; Multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes a series of post- translational modifications on Lys residues in procollagen. Plays a redundant role in catalyzing the formation of hydroxylysine residues in -Xaa-Lys-Gly- sequences in collagens. Plays a redundant role in catalyzing the transfer of galactose onto hydroxylysine groups, giving rise to galactosyl 5- hydroxylysine (By similarity). Has an essential role by catalyzing the subsequent transfer of glucose moieties, giving rise to 1,2- glucosylgalactosyl-5-hydroxylys [...] (741 aa) |
| | Cd44 | CD44 antigen; Cell-surface receptor that plays a role in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration, helping them to sense and respond to changes in the tissue microenvironment. Participates thereby in a wide variety of cellular functions including the activation, recirculation and homing of T-lymphocytes, hematopoiesis, inflammation and response to bacterial infection. Engages, through its ectodomain, extracellular matrix components such as hyaluronan/HA, collagen, growth factors, cytokines or proteases and serves as a platform for signal transduction by assembling, via its c [...] (780 aa) |
| | Klf5 | Krueppel-like factor 5; Transcription factor that binds to GC box promoter elements. Activates the transcription of these genes. (446 aa) |
| | Hmox1 | Heme oxygenase 1; Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed. Exhibits cytoprotective effects since excess of free heme sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis. (289 aa) |
| | Chrd | Chordin; Dorsalizing factor. Key developmental protein that dorsalizes early vertebrate embryonic tissues by binding to ventralizing TGF-beta family bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and sequestering them in latent complexes. (948 aa) |
| | Cav1 | Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes (By similarity). Forms a stable heterooligomeric complex with CAV2 that targets to lipid rafts and drives caveolae formation. Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN proteins (CAVIN1/2/3/4) to the caveolae. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependen [...] (178 aa) |
| | Eng | Endoglin; Vascular endothelium glycoprotein that plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis. Required for normal structure and integrity of adult vasculature (By similarity). Regulates the migration of vascular endothelial cells. Required for normal extraembryonic angiogenesis and for embryonic heart development. May regulate endothelial cell shape changes in response to blood flow, which drive vascular remodeling and establishment of normal vascular morphology during angiogenesis. May play a role in the binding of endothelial cells to integrins. Acts as TGF-beta corecep [...] (653 aa) |
| | Ager | Advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor; Mediates interactions of advanced glycosylation end products (AGE). These are nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins which accumulate in vascular tissue in aging and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. Acts as a mediator of both acute and chronic vascular inflammation in conditions such as atherosclerosis and in particular as a complication of diabetes. AGE/RAGE signaling plays an important role in regulating the production/expression of TNF-alpha, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Interaction with S1 [...] (402 aa) |
| | Gata5 | Transcription factor GATA-5; Transcription factor required during cardiovascular development (By similarity). Plays an important role in the transcriptional program(s) that underlies smooth muscle cell diversity. Binds to the functionally important CEF-1 nuclear protein binding site in the cardiac-specific slow/cardiac troponin C transcriptional enhancer (By similarity). (404 aa) |
| | Ncf1 | Neutrophil cytosol factor 1; NCF2, NCF1, and a membrane bound cytochrome b558 are required for activation of the latent NADPH oxidase (necessary for superoxide production). (404 aa) |
| | Il10 | Interleukin-10; Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in [...] (178 aa) |
| | Ada | Adenosine deaminase; Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine and 2- deoxyadenosine. Plays an important role in purine metabolism and in adenosine homeostasis. Modulates signaling by extracellular adenosine, and so contributes indirectly to cellular signaling events. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation, by binding DPP4. Its interaction with DPP4 regulates lymphocyte- epithelial cell adhesion (By similarity). Enhances dendritic cell immunogenicity by affecting dendritic cell costimulatory molecule expression and cytokines and chemokines secretion (By similarity) [...] (352 aa) |
| | Mmp9 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9; Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase M10A family. (730 aa) |
| | Crk | Adapter molecule crk; [Isoform Crk-II]: Regulates cell adhesion, spreading and migration. Mediates attachment-induced MAPK8 activation, membrane ruffling and cell motility in a Rac-dependent manner. Involved in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility via its interaction with DOCK1 and DOCK4. May regulate the EFNA5-EPHA3 signaling. (304 aa) |
| | Cyb5r3 | NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 membrane-bound form; Desaturation and elongation of fatty acids, cholesterol biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and, in erythrocyte, methemoglobin reduction. (301 aa) |
| | Atp2b1 | Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space thereby maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. Plays a role in blood pressure regulation through regulation of intracellular calcium concentration and nitric oxide production leading to regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells vasoconstriction. Positively regulates bone mineralization through absorption of calcium from the intestine. Plays dual roles in osteoclast differentiation and survival by regulating RANKL-ind [...] (1220 aa) |
| | Timp3 | Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3; Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. May form part of a tissue-specific acute response to remodeling stimuli. (211 aa) |
| | Avpr1a | Vasopressin V1a receptor; Receptor for arginine vasopressin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidyl- inositol-calcium second messenger system. Involved in social memory formation. (423 aa) |
| | Kcnmb1 | Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1; Regulatory subunit of the calcium activated potassium KCNMA1 (maxiK) channel. Modulates the calcium sensitivity and gating kinetics of KCNMA1, thereby contributing to KCNMA1 channel diversity. Increases the apparent Ca(2+)/voltage sensitivity of the KCNMA1 channel. It also modifies KCNMA1 channel kinetics and alters its pharmacological properties. It slows down the activation and the deactivation kinetics of the channel. Acts as a negative regulator of smooth muscle contraction by enhancing the calcium sensitivity to KCNMA1. Its prese [...] (191 aa) |
| | Csrp2 | Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2; Drastically down-regulated in response to PDGF-BB or cell injury, that promote smooth muscle cell proliferation and dedifferentiation. Seems to play a role in the development of the embryonic vascular system (By similarity). (193 aa) |
| | Rock2 | Rho-associated protein kinase 2; Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of ADD1, BRCA2, CNN1, EZR, DPYSL2, EP300, MSN, MYL9/MLC2, NPM1, RDX, PPP1R12A and VIM. Phosphorylates SORL1 and IRF4. Acts as a negative regulator of VEGF-induced angiogenic endothelial cell activation. Positively regulates the activation of p42/MAPK1- p44/MAPK3 and of p90RSK/RPS6K [...] (1388 aa) |
| | Asic2 | Acid-sensing ion channel 2; Cation channel with high affinity for sodium, which is gated by extracellular protons and inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Also permeable for Li(+) and K(+). Generates a biphasic current with a fast inactivating and a slow sustained phase. Heteromeric channel assembly seems to modulate. (563 aa) |
| | Fbln5 | Fibulin-5; Essential for elastic fiber formation, is involved in the assembly of continuous elastin (ELN) polymer and promotes the interaction of microfibrils and ELN (By similarity). Stabilizes and organizes elastic fibers in the skin, lung and vasculature. Promotes adhesion of endothelial cells through interaction of integrins and the RGD motif. Vascular ligand for integrin receptors which may play a role in vascular development and remodeling. May act as an adapter that mediates the interaction between FBN1 and ELN (By similarity). (448 aa) |
| | Hhipl1 | HHIP-like protein 1; Belongs to the HHIP family. (791 aa) |
| | Dhfr | Dihydrofolate reductase; Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. Binds its own mRNA. (187 aa) |
| | Ptk2b | Protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta; Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarization, cell migration, adhesion, spreading and bone remodeling. Plays a role in the regulation of the humoral immune response, and is required for normal levels of marginal B-cells in the spleen and normal migration of splenic B-cells. Required for normal macrophage polarization and migration towards sites of inflammation. Regulates cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell spreading in T-cells, and contributes to the regulation of T-cell responses. Promot [...] (1009 aa) |
| | Ednrb | Endothelin receptor type B; Non-specific receptor for endothelin 1, 2, and 3. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Essential component in the normal development of two neuronal crest-derived cell lineages; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Endothelin receptor subfamily. EDNRB sub-subfamily. (442 aa) |
| | Agxt2 | Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial; Can metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) via transamination to alpha-keto-delta-(NN-dimethylguanidino) valeric acid (DMGV). ADMA is a potent inhibitor of nitric-oxide (NO) synthase, and this activity provides mechanism through which the kidney regulates blood pressure. (541 aa) |
| | Adipoq | Adiponectin; Important adipokine involved in the control of fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity, with direct anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and activation in the liver and the skeletal muscle, enhancing glucose utilization and fatty-acid combustion. Antagonizes TNF-alpha by negatively regulating its expression in various tissues such as liver and macrophages, and also by counteracting its effects. Inhibits endothelial NF-kappa-B signaling through a cAMP-dependent pathway. May play a role in cell growth, angiogenesis [...] (247 aa) |
| | Zeb1 | Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to E-box sequences in the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer as well as in the regulatory regions of many other tissue-specific genes. Represses E-cadherin promoter and induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by recruiting SMARCA4/BRG1. Represses BCL6 transcription in the presence of the corepressor CTBP1 (By similarity). Positively regulates neuronal differentiation. Represses RCOR1 transcription activation during neurogenesis. Represses transcription by binding to the E box (5'- CANNTG-3'). P [...] (1117 aa) |
| | Pdgfrb | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for homodimeric PDGFB and PDGFD and for heterodimers formed by PDGFA and PDGFB, and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, chemotaxis and migration. Plays an essential role in blood vessel development by promoting proliferation, migration and recruitment of pericytes and smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells. Plays a role in the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and the formation of neointima at v [...] (1099 aa) |
| | Tfap2b | Transcription factor AP-2-beta; Sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that interacts with inducible viral and cellular enhancer elements to regulate transcription of selected genes. AP-2 factors bind to the consensus sequence 5'-GCCNNNGGC-3' and activate genes involved in a large spectrum of important biological functions including proper eye, face, body wall, limb and neural tube development. They also suppress a number of genes including MCAM/MUC18, C/EBP alpha and MYC. AP-2-beta appears to be required for normal face and limb development and for proper terminal differentiation and f [...] (459 aa) |
| | Tnfsf4 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 4; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF4. Co-stimulates T-cell proliferation and cytokine production; Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. (198 aa) |
| | Vim | Vimentin; Vimentins are class-III intermediate filaments found in various non-epithelial cells, especially mesenchymal cells. Vimentin is attached to the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, either laterally or terminally. (466 aa) |
| | Smtnl1 | Smoothelin-like protein 1; Plays a role in the regulation of contractile properties of both striated and smooth muscles. When unphosphorylated, may inhibit myosin dephosphorylation. Phosphorylation at Ser-301 reduces this inhibitory activity. (459 aa) |
| | Trpc4 | Short transient receptor potential channel 4; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Acts as a cell-cell contact-dependent endothelial calcium entry channel. Has also been shown to be calcium- selective (By similarity). May also be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. Trpc4 deficient mice lack a store-operated calcium entry in endothelial cells. (974 aa) |
| | Npr1 | Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1; Receptor for the atrial natriuretic peptide NPPA/ANP and the brain natriuretic peptide NPPB/BNP which are potent vasoactive hormones playing a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Has guanylate cyclase activity upon binding of the ligand. (1057 aa) |
| | Gucy1b1 | Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1; Mediates responses to nitric oxide (NO) by catalyzing the biosynthesis of the signaling molecule cGMP. (620 aa) |
| | Lmna | Prelamin-A/C; Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin. Lamin A and C are present in equal amounts in the lamina of mammals. Plays an important role in nuclear assembly, chromatin organization, nuclear membrane and telomere dynamics. Required for normal development of peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscle and for muscle satellite cell proliferation. Required for osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. A [...] (665 aa) |
| | F3 | Tissue factor; Initiates blood coagulation by forming a complex with circulating factor VII or VIIa. The [TF:VIIa] complex activates factors IX or X by specific limited proteolysis. TF plays a role in normal hemostasis by initiating the cell-surface assembly and propagation of the coagulation protease cascade. (294 aa) |
| | Ddah1 | N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1; Hydrolyzes N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and N(G)- monomethyl-L-arginine (MMA) which act as inhibitors of NOS. Has therefore a role in the regulation of nitric oxide generation. Belongs to the DDAH family. (285 aa) |
| | Cyp2j5 | Cytochrome P450 2J5. (501 aa) |
| | Nos3 | Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is implicated in vascular smooth muscle relaxation through a cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. NO mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in coronary vessels and promotes blood clotting through the activation of platelets. May play a significant role in normal and abnormal limb development; Belongs to the NOS family. (1202 aa) |
| | P2rx4 | P2X purinoceptor 4; Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated ion channel. This receptor is insensitive to the antagonists PPADS and suramin (By similarity). (388 aa) |
| | Nox1 | NADPH oxidase 1; Pyridine nucleotide-dependent oxidoreductase that generates superoxide and might conduct H(+) ions as part of its electron transport mechanism. (563 aa) |
| | Ido1 | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1; Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. Involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to maintain homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology that would result from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses. Tryptophan shortage inhibits T lymphocytes division and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis and differentiation of regulatory T-cells. Acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity. Limits the growth of int [...] (407 aa) |
| | Tlr3 | Toll-like receptor 3; Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll- like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR3 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by double-stranded RNA, a sign of viral infection. Acts via the adapter TRIF/TICAM1, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, IRF3 nuclear translocation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (By similarity). (905 aa) |
| | Mmp2 | 72 kDa type IV collagenase; Ubiquitinous metalloproteinase that is involved in diverse functions such as remodeling of the vasculature, angiogenesis, tissue repair, tumor invasion, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. As well as degrading extracellular matrix proteins, can also act on several nonmatrix proteins such as big endothelial 1 and beta- type CGRP promoting vasoconstriction. Also cleaves KISS at a Gly-|-Leu bond. Appears to have a role in myocardial cell death pathways. Contributes to myocardial oxidative stress by regulating the activity of GSK3beta. Cleaves GSK3 [...] (662 aa) |
| | Rora | Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha; Nuclear receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to ROR response elements (RORE) containing a single core motif half-site 5'-AGGTCA-3' preceded by a short A-T-rich sequence. Key regulator of embryonic development, cellular differentiation, immunity, circadian rhythm as well as lipid, steroid, xenobiotics and glucose metabolism. Considered to have intrinsic transcriptional activity, have some natural ligands like oxysterols that act as agonists (25-hydroxycholesterol) or inverse agonists (7-oxygenated sterols), enhancing or repressing the transcriptional activity [...] (523 aa) |
| | Ppp1r14a | Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A; Inhibitor of PPP1CA. Has over 1000-fold higher inhibitory activity when phosphorylated, creating a molecular switch for regulating the phosphorylation status of PPP1CA substrates and smooth muscle contraction (By similarity). (147 aa) |
| | Smad6 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6; Binds to regulatory elements in target promoter regions (By similarity). May block the BMP-SMAD1 signaling pathway by competing with SMAD4 for receptor-activated SMAD1-binding (By similarity). Acts as a mediator of TGF-beta and BMP antiflammatory activity. Suppresses IL1R-TLR signaling through its direct interaction with PEL1, preventing NF-kappa-B activation, nuclear transport and NF-kappa-B-mediated expression of proinflammatory genes. (495 aa) |
| | P2ry2 | P2Y purinoceptor 2; Receptor for ATP and UTP coupled to G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The affinity range is UTP = ATP > ATP-gamma-S >> 2-methylthio-ATP = ADP. (373 aa) |
| | Kcnj2 | Inward rectifier potassium channel 2; Probably participates in establishing action potential waveform and excitability of neuronal and muscle tissues. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be bl [...] (428 aa) |
| | Lepr | Leptin receptor; Receptor for hormone LEP/leptin (Probable). On ligand binding, mediates LEP central and peripheral effects through the activation of different signaling pathways such as JAK2/STAT3 and MAPK cascade/FOS. In the hypothalamus, LEP acts as an appetite- regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive fu [...] (1162 aa) |
| | Ptger2 | Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype; Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. The subsequent raise in intracellular cAMP is responsible for the relaxing effect of this receptor on smooth muscle; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (362 aa) |
| | Irs2 | Insulin receptor substrate 2; May mediate the control of various cellular processes by insulin. (1321 aa) |
| | Pomt1 | Protein O-mannosyl-transferase 1; Transfers mannosyl residues to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues. Coexpression of both POMT1 and POMT2 is necessary for enzyme activity, expression of either POMT1 or POMT2 alone is insufficient. Essentially dedicated to O-mannosylation of alpha-DAG1 and few other proteins but not of cadherins and protocaherins. (746 aa) |
| | Vhl | Von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor; Involved in the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex. Seems to act as a target recruitment subunit in the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and recruits hydroxylated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) under normoxic conditions. Involved in transcriptional repression through interaction with HIF1A, HIF1AN and histone deacetylases. Ubiquitinates, in an oxygen-responsive manner, ADRB2 (By similarity); Belongs to the VHL family. (181 aa) |
| | Apex1 | DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase, mitochondrial; Multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 are DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors. Functions as a apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break w [...] (317 aa) |
| | Appl1 | DCC-interacting protein 13-alpha; Multifunctional adapter protein that binds to various membrane receptors, nuclear factors and signaling proteins to regulate many processes, such as cell proliferation, immune response, endosomal trafficking and cell metabolism (By similarity). Regulates signaling pathway leading to cell proliferation through interaction with RAB5A and subunits of the NuRD/MeCP1 complex (By similarity). Functions as a positive regulator of innate immune response via activation of AKT1 signaling pathway by forming a complex with APPL1 and PIK3R1. Inhibits Fc-gamma recep [...] (707 aa) |
| | Ptger3 | Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype; Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Required for normal development of fever in response to pyrinogens, including IL1B, prostaglandin E2 and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Required for normal potentiation of platelet aggregation by prostaglandin E2, and thus plays a role in the regulation of blood coagulation. Required for increased HCO3(-) secretion in the duodenum in response to mucosal acidification, and thereby contributes to the protection of the mucosa against acid-induced ulceration. Not required for normal kidney function, normal ur [...] (362 aa) |
| | Lrp1 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 intracellular domain; Endocytic receptor involved in endocytosis and in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Required for early embryonic development. Involved in cellular lipid homeostasis. Involved in the plasma clearance of chylomicron remnants and activated LRPAP1 (alpha 2-macroglobulin), as well as the local metabolism of complexes between plasminogen activators and their endogenous inhibitors. May modulate cellular events, such as APP metabolism, kinase-dependent intracellular signaling, neuronal calcium signaling as well as neurotra [...] (4545 aa) |
| | Npy1r | Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1; Receptor for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY. (382 aa) |
| | Uts2r | Urotensin-2 receptor; High affinity receptor for urotensin-2 and urotensin-2B. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system (By similarity). (385 aa) |
| | Acta2 | Actin, aortic smooth muscle, intermediate form; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (377 aa) |
| | Foxe3 | Forkhead box protein E3; Transcription factor that controls lens epithelial cell growth through regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle. During lens development, controls the ratio of the lens fiber cells to the cells of the anterior lens epithelium by regulating the rate of proliferation and differentiation. Controls lens vesicle closure and subsequent separation of the lens vesicle from ectoderm. Is required for morphogenesis and differentiation of the anterior segment of the eye. Controls the expression of DNAJB1 in a pathway that is crucial for the development of the [...] (288 aa) |
| | Ccn3 | CCN family member 3; Immediate-early protein playing a role in various cellular processes including proliferation, adhesion, migration, differentiation and survival. Acts by binding to integrins or membrane receptors such as NOTCH1. Essential regulator of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function. Inhibits myogenic differentiation through the activation of Notch-signaling pathway. Inhibits vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation by increasing expression of cell-cycle regulators such as CDKN2B or CDKN1A independently of TGFB1 signaling. Ligand of integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA5 [...] (354 aa) |
| | Kcna5 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes. Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, and possibly other family members as well [...] (602 aa) |
| | P2ry6 | P2Y purinoceptor 6; Receptor for extracellular UTP > ADP = 2-methylthio-ATP > ADP-beta-S > ATP = ATP-gamma-S. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Functionally coupled to phospholipase C (By similarity). (328 aa) |
| | Zfp36 | mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36; Zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that destabilizes numerous cytoplasmic AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA transcripts by promoting their poly(A) tail removal or deadenylation, and hence provide a mechanism for attenuating protein synthesis. Acts as an 3'- untranslated region (UTR) ARE mRNA-binding adapter protein to communicate signaling events to the mRNA decay machinery. Recruits deadenylase CNOT7 (and probably the CCR4- NOT complex) via association with CNOT1, and hence promotes ARE- mediated mRNA deadenylation. Functions also by recruiting com [...] (319 aa) |
| | Trpc6 | Short transient receptor potential channel 6; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) in a membrane-delimited fashion, independently of protein kinase C. Seems not to be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. (930 aa) |
| | S100a1 | Protein S100-A1; Probably acts as a Ca(2+) signal transducer. In response to an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels, binds calcium which triggers a conformational change. This conformational change allows interaction of S1001A with specific target proteins, such as TPR- containing proteins, and the modulation of their activity. (94 aa) |
| | Slc4a7 | Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 3; Electroneutral sodium- and bicarbonate-dependent cotransporter with a Na(+):HCO3(-) 1:1 stoichiometry. Regulates intracellular pH and may play a role in bicarbonate salvage in secretory epithelia. May also have an associated sodium channel activity; Belongs to the anion exchanger (TC 2.A.31) family. (1131 aa) |
| | Sorl1 | Sortilin-related receptor; Sorting receptor that directs several proteins to their correct location within the cell. Along with AP-1 complex, involved Golgi apparatus - endosome sorting. Sorting receptor for APP, regulating its intracellular trafficking and processing into amyloidogenic-beta peptides. Retains APP in the trans-Golgi network, hence preventing its transit through late endosomes where amyloid beta peptides Abeta40 and Abeta42 are generated. May also sort newly produced amyloid-beta peptides to lysosomes for catabolism. Does not affect APP trafficking from the endoplasmic r [...] (2215 aa) |
| | Tgfbr2 | TGF-beta receptor type-2; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase forming with the TGF- beta type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, TGFBR1, the non- promiscuous receptor for the TGF-beta cytokines TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3. Transduces the TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes including cell cycle arrest in epithelial and hematopoietic cells, control of mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinoge [...] (592 aa) |
| | Mrgprd | Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member D; May regulate nociceptor function and/or development, including the sensation or modulation of pain. Functions as a specific membrane receptor for beta-alanine. The receptor couples with G-protein G(q) and G(i) (By similarity). (321 aa) |
| | Irs1 | Insulin receptor substrate 1; May mediate the control of various cellular processes by insulin. When phosphorylated by the insulin receptor binds specifically to various cellular proteins containing SH2 domains such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85 subunit or GRB2. Activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase when bound to the regulatory p85 subunit (By similarity). (1231 aa) |
| | Efemp2 | EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2; Belongs to the fibulin family. (462 aa) |
| | Gpsm1 | G-protein-signaling modulator 1; Guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) which functions as a receptor-independent activator of heterotrimeric G- protein signaling. Keeps G(i/o) alpha subunit in its GDP-bound form thus uncoupling heterotrimeric G-proteins signaling from G protein- coupled receptors. Controls spindle orientation and asymmetric cell fate of cerebral cortical progenitors. May also be involved in macroautophagy in intestinal cells. May play a role in drug addiction. Belongs to the GPSM family. (705 aa) |
| | Adra1b | Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor; This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes (By similarity). (515 aa) |
| | Adra2b | Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor; Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Adrenergic receptor subfamily. ADRA2B sub-subfamily. (453 aa) |
| | Trpv4 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4; Non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in osmotic sensitivity and mechanosensitivity. Activation by exposure to hypotonicity within the physiological range exhibits an outward rectification. Also activated by heat, low pH, citrate and phorbol esters. Increase of intracellular Ca(2+) potentiates currents. Channel activity seems to be regulated by a calmodulin-dependent mechanism with a negative feedback mechanism (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of intracellular Ca(2+) in synoviocytes (By similarity). [...] (871 aa) |
| | Prkg1 | cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as key mediator of the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling pathway. GMP binding activates PRKG1, which phosphorylates serines and threonines on many cellular proteins. Numerous protein targets for PRKG1 phosphorylation are implicated in modulating cellular calcium, but the contribution of each of these targets may vary substantially among cell types. Proteins that are phosphorylated by PRKG1 regulate platelet activation and adhesion, smooth muscle contraction, cardiac function, gene expression, feedback of the NO-s [...] (686 aa) |
| | Smtn | Smoothelin; Structural protein of the cytoskeleton. (923 aa) |
| | Cacna1h | Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H; Voltage-sensitive calcium channel that gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the 'low-voltage activated (LVA)' group. A particularity of this type of channel is an opening at quite negative potentials, and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle. They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons. In the adrenal [...] (2359 aa) |
| | Klk1b1 | Kallikrein 1-related peptidase b1; Glandular kallikreins cleave Met-Lys and Arg-Ser bonds in kininogen to release Lys-bradykinin; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Kallikrein subfamily. (261 aa) |
| | Kcnk6 | Potassium channel subfamily K member. (313 aa) |
| | Spp1 | Osteopontin; Binds tightly to hydroxyapatite. Appears to form an integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction; Belongs to the osteopontin family. (295 aa) |
| | Bmpr2 | Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Binds to BMP7, BMP2 and, less efficiently, BMP4. Binding is weak but enhanced by the presence of type I receptors for BMPs. Mediates induction of adipogenesis by GDF6. (1038 aa) |
| | Col3a1 | Collagen alpha-1(III) chain; Collagen type III occurs in most soft connective tissues along with type I collagen. Involved in regulation of cortical development. Is the major ligand of ADGRG1 in the developing brain and binding to ADGRG1 inhibits neuronal migration and activates the RhoA pathway by coupling ADGRG1 to GNA13 and possibly GNA12. (1464 aa) |
| | Agtr2 | Type-2 angiotensin II receptor; Receptor for angiotensin II. Cooperates with MTUS1 to inhibit ERK2 activation and cell proliferation. (363 aa) |
| | Arhgap42 | Rho GTPase-activating protein 42; May influence blood pressure by functioning as a GTPase- activating protein for RHOA in vascular smooth muscle. (841 aa) |
| | Shc1 | SHC-transforming protein 1; Signaling adapter that couples activated growth factor receptors to signaling pathways. Participates in signaling downstream of the angiopoietin receptor TEK/TIE2, and plays a role in the regulation of endothelial cell migration and sprouting angiogenesis (By similarity). Participates in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Isoform p47Shc and isoform p52Shc, once phosphorylated, couple activated receptor kinases to Ras via the recruitment of the GRB2/SOS complex and are implicated in the cytoplasmic propagation of mitogenic signals. [...] (579 aa) |
| | Ren1 | Renin-1; Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney. (402 aa) |
| | Ptgdr | Prostaglandin D2 receptor; Receptor for prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). The activity of this receptor is mainly mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase, resulting in an elevation of intracellular cAMP. A mobilization of calcium is also observed, but without formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (By similarity). (357 aa) |
| | Ramp1 | Receptor activity-modifying protein 1; Transports the calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor (CALCRL) to the plasma membrane. Acts as a receptor for calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) together with CALCRL. Belongs to the RAMP family. (148 aa) |
| | Arhgef1 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1; Seems to play a role in the regulation of RhoA GTPase by guanine nucleotide-binding alpha-12 (GNA12) and alpha-13 (GNA13) subunits. Acts as GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GNA12 and GNA13, and as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase. Activated G alpha 13/GNA13 stimulates the RhoGEF activity through interaction with the RGS-like domain. This GEF activity is inhibited by binding to activated GNA12. Mediates angiotensin-2-induced RhoA activation. Isoform 3 and isoform 4 do not homooligomerize and show an enhanced RhoGEF activity. (979 aa) |
| | Chrm5 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5; The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover (By similarity); Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily. CHRM5 sub-subfamily. (532 aa) |
| | Abcc9 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9; Subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP). Can form cardiac and smooth muscle-type KATP channels with KCNJ11. KCNJ11 forms the channel pore while ABCC9 is required for activation and regulation. (1546 aa) |
| | Psen1 | Presenilin-1 CTF subunit; Catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Requires the presence of the other members of the gamma-secretase complex for protease activity (By similarity). Plays a role in Notch and Wnt signaling cascades and regulation of downstream processes via its role in processing key regulatory proteins, and by regulating cytosolic CTNNB1 levels. Stimulates cell-cell adhesion via its interaction with CD [...] (467 aa) |
| | Ece1 | Endothelin-converting enzyme 1; Converts big endothelin-1 to endothelin-1. (753 aa) |
| | Stk39 | STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase; May act as a mediator of stress-activated signals. Mediates the inhibition of SLC4A4, SLC26A6 as well as CFTR activities by the WNK scaffolds, probably through phosphorylation. Phosphorylates RELT. (556 aa) |
| | Esr1 | Estrogen receptor; Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE- independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial a [...] (599 aa) |
| | Pecam1 | Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; Cell adhesion molecule which is required for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) under most inflammatory conditions (By similarity). Tyr-679 plays a critical role in TEM and is required for efficient trafficking of PECAM1 to and from the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and is also essential for the LBRC membrane to be targeted around migrating leukocytes (By similarity). Trans-homophilic interaction may play a role in endothelial cell-cell adhesion via cell junctions (By similarity). Heterophilic interaction with CD177 pla [...] (727 aa) |
| | Map3k1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1; Component of a protein kinase signal transduction cascade. Activates the ERK and JNK kinase pathways by phosphorylation of MAP2K1 and MAP2K4. May phosphorylate the MAPK8/JNK1 kinase. Activates CHUK and IKBKB, the central protein kinases of the NF-kappa-B pathway. (1493 aa) |
| | Nr3c2 | Mineralocorticoid receptor; Receptor for both mineralocorticoids (MC) such as aldosterone and glucocorticoids (GC) such as corticosterone or cortisol. Binds to mineralocorticoid response elements (MRE) and transactivates target genes. The effect of MC is to increase ion and water transport and thus raise extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure and lower potassium levels; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (980 aa) |
| | Fgfr2 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, and in the regulation of embryonic development. Required for normal embryonic patterning, trophoblast function, limb bud development, lung morphogenesis, osteogenesis and skin development. Plays an essential role in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and is required for normal skeleton development. Promotes cell p [...] (840 aa) |
| | Ano1 | Anoctamin-1; Calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) which plays an important role in transepithelial anion transport and smooth muscle contraction. Required for the normal functioning of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) which generate electrical pacemaker activity in gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Acts as a major contributor to basal and stimulated chloride conductance in airway epithelial cells and plays an important role in tracheal cartilage development. Belongs to the anoctamin family. (1017 aa) |
| | Cth | Cystathionine gamma-lyase; Catalyzes the last step in the trans-sulfuration pathway from methionine to cysteine. Has broad substrate specificity. Converts cystathionine to cysteine, ammonia and 2-oxobutanoate. Converts two cysteine molecules to lanthionine and hydrogen sulfide. Can also accept homocysteine as substrate. Specificity depends on the levels of the endogenous substrates. Generates the endogenous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and so contributes to the regulation of blood pressure. Acts as a cysteine-protein sulfhydrase by mediating sulfhydration of target protei [...] (398 aa) |
| | Mrvi1 | Protein MRVI1; Plays a role as NO/PRKG1-dependent regulator of IP3-induced calcium release; its phosphorylation by PRKG1 inhibits bradykinin and IP3-induced calcium release from intracellular stores. Recruits PRKG1 to the endoplasmic reticulum and may mediate the assembly of PRKG1 and ITPR1 in a macrocomplex. Involved in PRKG1 signaling cascade leading to inhibition of platelet activation and aggregation. Mediates also NO- dependent inhibition of calcium signaling in gastrointestinal smooth muscle contributing to NO-dependent relaxation. (921 aa) |
| | Rgs2 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 2; Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP- bound form (By similarity). It is involved in the negative regulation of the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure in response to signaling via G protein-coupled receptors and GNAQ. Plays a role in regulating the constriction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Binds EIF2B5 and blocks i [...] (211 aa) |
| | Atp2b4 | Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4; Calcium/calmodulin-regulated and magnesium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium out of the cell (By similarity). By regulating sperm cell calcium homeostasis, may play a role in sperm motility ; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIB subfamily. (1205 aa) |
| | Adra1a | Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor; This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes (By similarity). (466 aa) |
| | Asl | Argininosuccinate lyase; Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Argininosuccinate lyase subfamily. (464 aa) |
| | Arhgef12 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12; May play a role in the regulation of RhoA GTPase by guanine nucleotide-binding alpha-12 (GNA12) and alpha-13 (GNA13). Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase and may act as GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GNA12 and GNA13 (By similarity). (1544 aa) |
| | Bcar1 | Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1; Docking protein which plays a central coordinating role for tyrosine kinase-based signaling related to cell adhesion. Implicated in induction of cell migration (By similarity). Has been shown to be essential in cardiovascular development during embryogenesis. Belongs to the CAS family. (874 aa) |
| | Cul3 | Cullin-3; Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB-CUL3- RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). BCR complexes and ARIH1 collaborate in tandem to mediate ubiquitination of target proteins (By similarity). As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (By similarity). The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhi [...] (768 aa) |
| | Pdc | Phosducin; Inhibits the transcriptional activation activity of the cone- rod homeobox CRX (By similarity). May participate in the regulation of visual phototransduction or in the integration of photoreceptor metabolism; Belongs to the phosducin family. (244 aa) |
| | Tgfb1i1 | Transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 protein; Functions as a molecular adapter coordinating multiple protein-protein interactions at the focal adhesion complex and in the nucleus. Links various intracellular signaling modules to plasma membrane receptors and regulates the Wnt and TGFB signaling pathways. May also regulate SLC6A3 and SLC6A4 targeting to the plasma membrane hence regulating their activity. In the nucleus, functions as a nuclear receptor coactivator regulating glucocorticoid, androgen, mineralocorticoid and progesterone receptor transcriptional activity. [...] (461 aa) |
| | Kcnn4 | Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4; Forms a voltage-independent potassium channel that is activated by intracellular calcium. Activation is followed by membrane hyperpolarization which promotes calcium influx. Required for maximal calcium influx and proliferation during the reactivation of naive T-cells. Plays a role in the late stages of EGF-induced macropinocytosis (By similarity). (425 aa) |
| | Apoe | Apolipoprotein E; APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their production, conversion and clearance. Apoliproteins are amphipathic molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density [...] (311 aa) |
| | Chrm3 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3; The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily. CHRM3 sub-subfamily. (589 aa) |
| | Gucy1a1 | Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1; Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family. (691 aa) |
| | Fgf2 | Fibroblast growth factor 2; Acts as a ligand for FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Also acts as an integrin ligand which is required for FGF2 signaling. Binds to integrin ITGAV:ITGB3. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as a potent mitogen in vitro. Can induce angiogenesis. Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (154 aa) |
| | Kcnj8 | ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8; This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by external barium (By similarity). Belon [...] (424 aa) |
| | Arntl | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1; Transcriptional activator which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressur [...] (626 aa) |
| | Cx3cr1 | CX3C chemokine receptor 1; Receptor for the CX3C chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1); binds to CX3CL1 and mediates both its adhesive and migratory functions. (354 aa) |
| | Robo4 | Roundabout homolog 4; Receptor for Slit proteins, at least for SLIT2, and seems to be involved in angiogenesis and vascular patterning. May mediate the inhibition of primary endothelial cell migration by Slit proteins. Involved in the maintenance of endothelial barrier organization and function (By similarity); Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. ROBO family. (1022 aa) |
| | Esr2 | Estrogen receptor beta; Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1 (ER-alpha), and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner. May play a role in ovarian follicular growth and maturation; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (567 aa) |
| | Gja1 | Gap junction alpha-1 protein; Gap junction protein that acts as a regulator of bladder capacity. A gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. Negative regulator of bladder functional capacity: acts by enhancing intercellular electrical and chemical transmission, thus sensitizing bladder muscles to cholinergic neural stimuli and causing them to contract. May play a role in cell growth inhibition through the regulation of NOV expression and localization [...] (382 aa) |
| | Ptprm | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu; Involved in cell-cell adhesion through homophilic interactions. May play a key role in signal transduction and growth control. (1452 aa) |
| | Myh11 | Myosin-11; Muscle contraction; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1938 aa) |
| | Cacnb3 | Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3; Regulatory subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Increases CACNA1B peak calcium current and shifts the voltage dependencies of channel activation and inactivation (By similarity). Increases CACNA1C peak calcium current and shifts the voltage dependencies of channel activation and inactivation (By similarity). (484 aa) |
| | Tbx1 | T-box transcription factor TBX1; Probable transcriptional regulator involved in developmental processes. Is required for normal development of the pharyngeal arch arteries. (488 aa) |
| | Cbs | Cystathionine beta-synthase; Hydro-lyase catalyzing the first step of the transsulfuration pathway, where the hydroxyl group of L-serine is displaced by L- homocysteine in a beta-replacement reaction to form L-cystathionine, the precursor of L-cysteine. This catabolic route allows the elimination of L-methionine and the toxic metabolite L-homocysteine (By similarity). Also involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide, a gasotransmitter with signaling and cytoprotective effects on neurons (By similarity). (561 aa) |
