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| | Ngfr | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16; Low affinity neurotrophin receptor which can bind to mature NGF, BDNF, NTF3, and NTF4. Forms a heterodimeric receptor with SORCS2 that binds the precursor forms of NGF (proNGF), BDNF (proBDNF) and NTF3 (proNT3) with high affinity, and has much lower affinity for mature NGF and BDNF. Plays an important role in differentiation and survival of specific neuronal populations during development. Can mediate cell survival as well as cell death of neural cells. The heterodimeric receptor formed with SORCS2 plays a role in proBDNF-dependent [...] (427 aa) |
| | Ccl2 | C-C motif chemokine 2; Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 (By similarity). Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions (By similarity). Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils (By similarity). Plays an important role in mediating peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Increases NMDA-mediated synaptic transmission in both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-containing neurons, which may be caused by MAPK/ERK-dependent phospho [...] (148 aa) |
| | Fasl | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF6/FAS, a receptor that transduces the apoptotic signal into cells. Involved in cytotoxic T-cell-mediated apoptosis, natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis and in T-cell development. Initiates fratricidal/suicidal activation-induced cell death (AICD) in antigen-activated T-cells contributing to the termination of immune responses. TNFRSF6/FAS-mediated apoptosis has also a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance. Binds to TNFRSF6B/DcR3, a decoy receptor that blocks apoptosis (By similarit [...] (279 aa) |
| | Sost | Sclerostin; Negative regulator of bone growth that acts through inhibition of Wnt signaling and bone formation; Belongs to the sclerostin family. (211 aa) |
| | Eef1e1 | Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 epsilon-1; Positive modulator of ATM response to DNA damage. (174 aa) |
| | Bbc3 | Bcl-2-binding component 3; Essential mediator of p53/TP53-dependent and p53/TP53- independent apoptosis. Functions by promoting partial unfolding of BCL2L1 and dissociation of BCL2L1 from p53/TP53 (By similarity). Regulates ER stress-induced neuronal apoptosis; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (193 aa) |
| | Def6 | Differentially expressed in FDCP 6; Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which plays a role in the activation of Rho GTPases RAC1, RhoA and CDC42. Can regulate cell morphology in cooperation with activated RAC1. Plays a role in Th2 (T helper cells) development and/or activation, perhaps by interfering with ZAP70 signaling. Required for optimal T-cell effector function, lymphocyte homeostasis and the prevention of systemic autoimmunity (By similarity). (630 aa) |
| | Map2k7 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7; Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Essential component of the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. With MAP2K4/MKK4, is the one of the only known kinase to directly activate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinases MAPK8/JNK1, MAPK9/JNK2 and MAPK10/JNK3. MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 both activate the JNKs by phosphorylation, but they differ in their preference for the phosphorylati [...] (468 aa) |
| | Tgfb3 | Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-beta-3) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-3, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-3: Multifunctional protein that regulates embryogenesis and cell differentiation and is required in various processes such as secondary palate development. Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-a [...] (412 aa) |
| | Cdip1 | Cell death-inducing p53-target protein 1; Acts as an important p53/TP53-apoptotic effector. Regulates TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis in a p53/TP53-dependent manner (By similarity); Belongs to the CDIP1/LITAF family. (208 aa) |
| | Ptpn6 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6; Modulates signaling by tyrosine phosphorylated cell surface receptors such as KIT and the EGF receptor/EGFR. The SH2 regions may interact with other cellular components to modulate its own phosphatase activity against interacting substrates. Together with MTUS1, induces UBE2V2 expression upon angiotensin II stimulation. Plays a key role in hematopoiesis; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class 2 subfamily. (597 aa) |
| | Bid | BH3-interacting domain death agonist p11; Induces caspases and apoptosis. Counters the protective effect of Bcl-2. The major proteolytic product p15 BID allows the release of cytochrome c. (195 aa) |
| | Zfp110 | Neurotrophin receptor-interacting factor 1; Transcription regulator involved in NGFR/p75(NTR)-mediated apoptosis. Essential component of the NGFR/p75(NTR) apoptotic pathway: upon ligand-binding and subsequent cleavage of NGFR/p75(NTR), binds to the intracellular domain (ICD) cleavage product of NGFR/p75(NTR), translocates to the nucleus and induces apoptosis, possibly by regulating expression of key regulators of apoptosis. Induces NGFR/p75(NTR)-mediated apoptosis in retina and sympathetic neurons. May also regulate expression of neuronal cholesterol biosynthesis genes. Probably acts a [...] (832 aa) |
| | Ndrg2 | Protein NDRG2; Contributes to the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Down-regulates CTNNB1-mediated transcriptional activation of target genes, such as CCND1, and may thereby act as tumor suppressor. May be involved in dendritic cell and neuron differentiation (By similarity). Belongs to the NDRG family. (371 aa) |
| | Map2k1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Binding of extracellular ligands such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones to their cell-surface receptors activates RAS and this initiates RAF1 activation. RAF1 then further activates the dual-specificity protein kinases MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Both MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2 function specifically in the MAPK/ERK cascade, and catalyze the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine resid [...] (393 aa) |
| | Cd44 | CD44 antigen; Cell-surface receptor that plays a role in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration, helping them to sense and respond to changes in the tissue microenvironment. Participates thereby in a wide variety of cellular functions including the activation, recirculation and homing of T-lymphocytes, hematopoiesis, inflammation and response to bacterial infection. Engages, through its ectodomain, extracellular matrix components such as hyaluronan/HA, collagen, growth factors, cytokines or proteases and serves as a platform for signal transduction by assembling, via its c [...] (780 aa) |
| | Dnase1 | Deoxyribonuclease-1; Serum endocuclease secreted into body fluids by a wide variety of exocrine and endocrine organs. Expressed by non-hematopoietic tissues and preferentially cleaves protein-free DNA. Among other functions, seems to be involved in cell death by apoptosis. Binds specifically to G-actin and blocks actin polymerization (By similarity). Together with DNASE1L3, plays a key role in degrading neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation. Degradation of intravascular NETs by [...] (284 aa) |
| | Ctsb | Cathepsin B heavy chain; Thiol protease which is believed to participate in intracellular degradation and turnover of proteins (By similarity). Cleaves matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein MEPE (By similarity). Involved in the solubilization of cross-linked TG/thyroglobulin in the thyroid follicle lumen. Has also been implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase C1 family. (339 aa) |
| | Prtn3 | Myeloblastin; Serine protease that degrades elastin, fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, and collagen types I, III, and IV (in vitro). By cleaving and activating receptor F2RL1/PAR-2, enhances endothelial cell barrier function and thus vascular integrity during neutrophil transendothelial migration. May play a role in neutrophil transendothelial migration, probably when associated with CD177; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Elastase subfamily. (254 aa) |
| | Tcap | Telethonin; Muscle assembly regulating factor. Mediates the antiparallel assembly of titin (TTN) molecules at the sarcomeric Z-disk (By similarity). (167 aa) |
| | Pten | Phosphatase and tensin homolog; In motile cells, suppresses the formation of lateral pseudopods and thereby promotes cell polarization and directed movement (By similarity). Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine- phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4- diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5- tetrakisphosphate with order of subst [...] (403 aa) |
| | Birc3 | Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3; Multi-functional protein which regulates not only caspases and apoptosis, but also modulates inflammatory signaling and immunity, mitogenic kinase signaling and cell proliferation, as well as cell invasion and metastasis. Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating NF-kappa-B signaling and regulates both canonical and non- canonical NF-kappa-B signaling by acting in opposite directions: acts as a positive regulator of the canonical pathway and suppresses constitutive activation of non-canonical NF-kappa-B signaling. The target proteins [...] (602 aa) |
| | Plg | Plasmin heavy chain A, short form; Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In ovulation, weakens the walls of the Graafian follicle. It activates the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, collagenases and several complement zymogens, such as C1 and C5. Cleavage of fibronectin and laminin leads to cell detachment and apoptosis. Also cleaves fibrin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor. Its role in tissue remodeling and tumor invas [...] (812 aa) |
| | Efr3a | Protein EFR3 homolog A; Component of a complex required to localize phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) to the plasma membrane. The complex acts as a regulator of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) synthesis. In the complex, EFR3A probably acts as the membrane-anchoring component. Also involved in responsiveness to G- protein-coupled receptors; it is however unclear whether this role is direct or indirect. (819 aa) |
| | Aldh1a3 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3; NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase that catalyzes the formation of retinoic acid. Has high activity with all-trans retinal, and has much lower in vitro activity with acetaldehyde (By similarity). Required for the biosynthesis of normal levels of retinoic acid in the embryonic ocular and nasal regions; retinoic acid is required for normal embryonic development of the eye and the nasal region. (512 aa) |
| | Gzmb | Granzyme B(G,H); This enzyme is necessary for target cell lysis in cell- mediated immune responses. It cleaves after Asp. Seems to be linked to an activation cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) responsible for apoptosis execution. Cleaves caspase-3, -7, -9 and 10 to give rise to active enzymes mediating apoptosis (By similarity). (247 aa) |
| | Ager | Advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor; Mediates interactions of advanced glycosylation end products (AGE). These are nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins which accumulate in vascular tissue in aging and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. Acts as a mediator of both acute and chronic vascular inflammation in conditions such as atherosclerosis and in particular as a complication of diabetes. AGE/RAGE signaling plays an important role in regulating the production/expression of TNF-alpha, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Interaction with S1 [...] (402 aa) |
| | Surf1 | Surfeit locus protein 1; Component of the MITRAC (mitochondrial translation regulation assembly intermediate of cytochrome c oxidase complex) complex, that regulates cytochrome c oxidase assembly. (306 aa) |
| | Cd274 | Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; Plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self. As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1/PD-1, modulates the activation threshold of T-cells and limits T-cell effector response. Through a yet unknown activating receptor, may costimulate T-cell subsets that predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL10) ; Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. BTN/MOG family. (290 aa) |
| | Mapkapk2 | MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2; Stress-activated serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in cytokine production, endocytosis, reorganization of the cytoskeleton, cell migration, cell cycle control, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response and transcriptional regulation. Following stress, it is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase p38-alpha/MAPK14, leading to phosphorylation of substrates. Phosphorylates serine in the peptide sequence, Hyd-X-R-X(2)-S, where Hyd is a large hydrophobic residue. Phosphorylates ALOX5, CDC25B, CDC25C, CEP131, ELAVL1, HNRNPA0, HSP27/HSPB1, KRT1 [...] (386 aa) |
| | Mmp9 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9; Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase M10A family. (730 aa) |
| | Map2k3 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3; Dual specificity kinase. Is activated by cytokines and environmental stress in vivo. Catalyzes the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in the MAP kinase p38. Part of a signaling cascade that begins with the activation of the adrenergic receptor ADRA1B and leads to the activation of MAPK14. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase subfamily. (347 aa) |
| | Fmc1 | Protein FMC1 homolog; Plays a role in the assembly/stability of the mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V). (113 aa) |
| | Tnfaip3 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3; Ubiquitin-editing enzyme that contains both ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase activities. Involved in immune and inflammatory responses signaled by cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, or pathogens via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) through terminating NF-kappa-B activity. Essential component of a ubiquitin-editing protein complex, comprising also RNF11, ITCH and TAX1BP1, that ensures the transient nature of inflammatory signaling pathways. In cooperation with TAX1BP1 promotes disassembly of E2-E3 ubiquitin protein ligase complexes in [...] (775 aa) |
| | Perp | P53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22; Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Plays a role in stratified epithelial integrity and cell-cell adhesion by promoting desmosome assembly. Plays a role as an effector in the TP53-dependent apoptotic pathway. (193 aa) |
| | Sim1 | Single-minded homolog 1; Transcriptional factor that may have pleiotropic effects during embryogenesis and in the adult. (765 aa) |
| | Apaf1 | Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1; Oligomeric Apaf-1 mediates the cytochrome c-dependent autocatalytic activation of pro-caspase-9 (Apaf-3), leading to the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis. This activation requires ATP (By similarity). (1249 aa) |
| | Ddit4 | DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein; Regulates cell growth, proliferation and survival via inhibition of the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Inhibition of mTORC1 is mediated by a pathway that involves DDIT4/REDD1, AKT1, the TSC1-TSC2 complex and the GTPase RHEB. Plays an important role in responses to cellular energy levels and cellular stress, including responses to hypoxia and DNA damage. Regulates p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage via its effect on mTORC1 activity. Its role in the response to hypoxia depends on the cell typ [...] (229 aa) |
| | Mcu | Calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial inner membrane calcium uniporter that mediates calcium uptake into mitochondria. Constitutes the pore-forming and calcium-conducting subunit of the uniporter complex (uniplex) (By similarity). Activity is regulated by MICU1 and MICU2 (By similarity). At low Ca(2+) levels MCU activity is down-regulated by MICU1 and MICU2; at higher Ca(2+) levels MICU1 increases MCU activity (By similarity). Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis plays key roles in cellular physiology and regulates cell bioenergetics, cytoplasmic calcium signals and acti [...] (350 aa) |
| | Mdm2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of p53/TP53, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Inhibits p53/TP53- and p73/TP73- mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by binding its transcriptional activation domain (By similarity). Also acts as a ubiquitin ligase E3 toward itself, ARRB1 and ARBB2. Permits the nuclear export of p53/TP53 (By similarity). Promotes proteasome-dependent ubiquitin-independent degradation of retinoblastoma RB1 protein (By similarity). Inhibits DAXX-mediated apoptosis by inducing its ubiquitination and [...] (489 aa) |
| | Havcr2 | Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 homolog; Cell surface receptor implicated in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Generally accepted to have an inhibiting function. Reports on stimulating functions suggest that the activity may be influenced by the cellular context and/or the respective ligand. Regulates macrophage activation. Inhibits T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1)-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance. In CD8+ cells attenuates TCR-induced signaling, specifically by blocking NF-kappaB and NFAT promoter activities resulting in [...] (281 aa) |
| | Map2k6 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6; Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. With MAP3K3/MKK3, catalyzes the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in the MAP kinases p38 MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and MAPK14 and plays an important role in the regulation of cellular responses to cytokines and all kinds of stresses. Especially, MAP2K3/MKK3 and MAP2K6/MKK6 are both essential for the activation of MAPK11 and MAPK13 induced by environmental stress, whereas MAP2K6/MKK6 i [...] (334 aa) |
| | Sh3yl1 | SH3 domain-containing YSC84-like protein 1. (340 aa) |
| | Hif1a | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha; Functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, HILPDA, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Plays an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease. Heterodimerizes with ARNT; heterodimer binds to core DNA sequenc [...] (836 aa) |
| | Fos | Proto-oncogene c-Fos; Nuclear phosphoprotein which forms a tight but non-covalently linked complex with the JUN/AP-1 transcription factor. On TGF-beta activation, forms a multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex, at the AP1/SMAD-binding site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated signaling (By similarity). Has a critical function in regulating the development of cells destined to form and maintain the skeleton. It is thought to have an important role in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation. In growing cells, activates phospholipid synthesis, possibly by activating CDS1 and [...] (380 aa) |
| | Traf3 | TNF receptor-associated factor 3; Regulates pathways leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B and MAP kinases, and plays a central role in the regulation of B-cell survival. Part of signaling pathways leading to the production of cytokines and interferon. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Plays a role T-cell dependent immune responses. Plays a role in the regulation of antiviral responses. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promote 'Lys-63'- linked ubiquitination of [...] (567 aa) |
| | Slc6a3 | Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter; Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A3 subfamily. (619 aa) |
| | Ero1l | ERO1-like protein alpha; Oxidoreductase involved in disulfide bond formation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Efficiently reoxidizes P4HB/PDI, the enzyme catalyzing protein disulfide formation, in order to allow P4HB to sustain additional rounds of disulfide formation. Following P4HB reoxidation, passes its electrons to molecular oxygen via FAD, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell. Required for the proper folding of immunoglobulins (By similarity). Plays an important role in ER stress-induced, CHOP-dependent apoptosis by activating the inositol 1,4,5-tri [...] (464 aa) |
| | Mapk8 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase. (427 aa) |
| | Bnip3l | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like; Induces apoptosis. Interacts with viral and cellular anti- apoptosis proteins. Can overcome the suppressors BCL-2 and BCL-XL, although high levels of BCL-XL expression will inhibit apoptosis. Inhibits apoptosis induced by BNIP3. Involved in mitochondrial quality control via its interaction with SPATA18/MIEAP: in response to mitochondrial damage, participates in mitochondrial protein catabolic process (also named MALM) leading to the degradation of damaged proteins inside mitochondria. The physical interaction of SPATA18/MIE [...] (218 aa) |
| | Rb1 | Retinoblastoma-associated protein; Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Promotes G0-G1 transition when phosphorylated by CDK3/cyclin-C. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransfer [...] (921 aa) |
| | Mcpt1 | Mast cell protease 1; Has a chymotrypsin-like activity. (246 aa) |
| | Hes1 | Transcription factor HES-1; Transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription. May act as a negative regulator of myogenesis by inhibiting the functions of MYOD1 and ASH1 (By similarity). Binds DNA on N-box motifs: 5'-CACNAG-3' with high affinity and on E-box motifs: 5'-CANNTG-3' with low affinity. May play a role in a functional FA core complex response to DNA cross-link damage, being required for the stability and nuclear localization of FA core complex proteins, as well as for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in response to DNA damage (By similarity). (282 aa) |
| | Prkdc | DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a molecular sensor for DNA damage (By similarity). Involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break (DSB) repair and V(D)J recombination (By similarity). Must be bound to DNA to express its catalytic properties (By similarity). Promotes processing of hairpin DNA structures in V(D)J recombination by activation of the hairpin endonuclease artemis (DCLRE1C) (By similarity). The assembly of the DNA-PK complex at DNA ends is also required for the NHEJ ligation step [...] (4128 aa) |
| | Cxadr | Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor homolog; Component of the epithelial apical junction complex that may function as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule and is essential for tight junction integrity. Also involved in transepithelial migration of leukocytes through adhesive interactions with JAML a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane of leukocytes. The interaction between both receptors also mediates the activation of gamma-delta T-cells, a subpopulation of T-cells residing in epithelia and involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. Upon epithelial CXADR-binding, JAML induc [...] (365 aa) |
| | Ifnar1 | Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1; Component of the receptor for type I interferons, including interferons alpha, IFNB1 and IFNW1. Functions in general as heterodimer with IFNAR2 (By similarity). Type I interferon binding activates the JAK-STAT signaling cascade, and triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins including JAKs, TYK2, STAT proteins and the IFNR alpha- and beta- subunits themselves. Can form an active IFNB1 receptor by itself and activate a signaling cascade that does not involve activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Contributes to modulate the innate immune res [...] (590 aa) |
| | Map3k12 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12; Protein kinase which is part of a non-canonical MAPK signaling pathway. Activated by APOE, enhances the AP-1-mediated transcription of APP, via a MAP kinase signal transduction pathway composed of MAP2K7 and MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1. May be an activator of the JNK/SAPK pathway. (888 aa) |
| | Sncg | Gamma-synuclein; Plays a role in neurofilament network integrity. May be involved in modulating axonal architecture during development and in the adult. In vitro, increases the susceptibility of neurofilament-H to calcium-dependent proteases. May also function in modulating the keratin network in skin. Activates the MAPK and Elk-1 signal transduction pathway (By similarity). (123 aa) |
| | Grm2 | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2; G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. May mediate suppression of neurotransmission or may be involved in synaptogenesis or synaptic stabilization. (872 aa) |
| | Bag6 | Large proline-rich protein BAG6; ATP-independent molecular chaperone preventing the aggregation of misfolded and hydrophobic patches-containing proteins. Functions as part of a cytosolic protein quality control complex, the BAG6/BAT3 complex, which maintains these client proteins in a soluble state and participates to their proper delivery to the endoplasmic reticulum or alternatively can promote their sorting to the proteasome where they undergo degradation. The BAG6/BAT3 complex is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored/type II transmembrane proteins to the endo [...] (1154 aa) |
| | Tnf | Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...] (235 aa) |
| | Pdgfrb | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for homodimeric PDGFB and PDGFD and for heterodimers formed by PDGFA and PDGFB, and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, chemotaxis and migration. Plays an essential role in blood vessel development by promoting proliferation, migration and recruitment of pericytes and smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells. Plays a role in the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and the formation of neointima at v [...] (1099 aa) |
| | Ccdc86 | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 86. (426 aa) |
| | Fas | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6; Receptor for TNFSF6/FASLG. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. FAS-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen- stimulated suicide of mature T-cells, or both (By similarity). (327 aa) |
| | Tnfrsf25 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 25. (411 aa) |
| | Dpp3 | Dipeptidyl peptidase 3; Cleaves and degrades bioactive peptides, including angiotensin, Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin. Also cleaves Arg-Arg- beta-naphthylamide (in vitro); Belongs to the peptidase M49 family. (738 aa) |
| | Lrp5 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; Acts as a coreceptor with members of the frizzled family of seven-transmembrane spanning receptors to transduce signal by Wnt proteins. Activates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that controls cell fate determination and self-renewal during embryonic development and adult tissue regeneration. In particular, may play an important role in the development of the posterior patterning of the epiblast during gastrulation. During bone development, regulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation thus determining bone mass. Mechanist [...] (1614 aa) |
| | Casp7 | Caspase-7 subunit p11; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Overexpression promotes programmed cell death (By similarity). (303 aa) |
| | Maged1 | Melanoma-associated antigen D1; Involved in the apoptotic response after nerve growth factor (NGF) binding in neuronal cells. Inhibits cell cycle progression, and facilitates NGFR-mediated apoptosis. May act as a regulator of the function of DLX family members. May enhance ubiquitin ligase activity of RING-type zinc finger-containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases. Proposed to act through recruitment and/or stabilization of the Ubl- conjugating enzyme (E2) at the E3:substrate complex. Plays a role in the circadian rhythm regulation. May act as RORA coregulator, modulating the expression [...] (775 aa) |
| | Fgf8 | Fibroblast growth factor 8; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. Required for normal brain, eye, ear and limb development during embryogenesis. Required for normal development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system. Plays a role in neurite outgrowth in hippocampal cells (By similarity). Cooperates with Wnt-1 in mouse mammary tumor virus-induced murine mammary tumorigenesis. (268 aa) |
| | Bach1 | Transcription regulator protein BACH1; Transcriptional regulator that acts as repressor or activator, depending on the context. Binds to NF-E2 DNA binding sites. Plays important roles in coordinating transcription activation and repression by MAFK. Together with MAF, represses the transcription of genes under the control of the NFE2L2 oxidative stress pathway (By similarity); Belongs to the bZIP family. CNC subfamily. (739 aa) |
| | Ly96 | Lymphocyte antigen 96; Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cooperates with TLR4 in the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and with TLR2 in the response to cell wall components from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Enhances TLR4-dependent activation of NF-kappa-B. Cells expressing both LY96 and TLR4, but not TLR4 alone, respond to LPS. (160 aa) |
| | Fam20c | Extracellular serine/threonine protein kinase FAM20C; Golgi serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates secretory pathway proteins within Ser-x-Glu/pSer motifs and plays a key role in biomineralization of bones and teeth. Constitutes the main protein kinase for extracellular proteins, generating the majority of the extracellular phosphoproteome (By similarity). Mainly phosphorylates proteins within the Ser-x-Glu/pSer motif, but also displays a broader substrate specificity (By similarity). Phosphorylates casein as well as a number of proteins involved in biomineralization such [...] (579 aa) |
| | Unc5a | Netrin receptor UNC5A; Receptor for netrin required for axon guidance. Functions in the netrin signaling pathway and promotes neurite outgrowth in response to NTN1. Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system in response to netrin. Axon repulsion in growth cones may be mediated by its association with DCC that may trigger signaling for repulsion. It also acts as a dependence receptor required for apoptosis induction when not associated with netrin ligand; Belongs to the unc-5 family. (898 aa) |
| | Casp12 | Caspase-12; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (419 aa) |
| | Casp4 | Caspase-4 subunit p10; Proinflammatory caspase. Essential effector of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion in response to non- canonical activators, such as UVB radiation, cholera enterotoxin subunit B and cytosolic LPS, as well as infection with Gram-negative bacteria. Independently of NLRP3 inflammasome and CASP1, promotes pyroptosis, through GSDMD cleavage and activation, and IL1A, IL18 and HMGB1 release in response to non-canonical inflammasome activators. Plays a crucial role in the restriction of Salmonella typhimurium replication in colonic e [...] (373 aa) |
| | Rassf5 | Ras association domain-containing protein 5; Potential tumor suppressor. Seems to be involved in lymphocyte adhesion by linking RAP1A activation upon T-cell receptor or chemokine stimulation to integrin activation. Isoform 2 stimulates lymphocyte polarization and the patch-like distribution of ITGAL/LFA-1, resulting in an enhanced adhesion to ICAM1. Together with RAP1A may participate in regulation of microtubule growth. The association of isoform 2 with activated RAP1A is required for directional movement of endothelial cells during wound healing (By similarity). May be involved in re [...] (413 aa) |
| | Parp1 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1; Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates poly-ADP- ribosylation of proteins and plays a key role in DNA repair. Mainly mediates glutamate and aspartate ADP-ribosylation of target proteins: the ADP-D-ribosyl group of NAD(+) is transferred to the acceptor carboxyl group of glutamate and aspartate residues and further ADP- ribosyl groups are transferred to the 2'-position of the terminal adenosine moiety, building up a polymer with an average chain length of 20-30 units. Mediates the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a number of proteins, including itself, APLF an [...] (1014 aa) |
| | Fcgr2b | Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II; Receptor for the Fc region of complexed immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complexes from the circulation and modulation of antibody production by B-cells. Isoform IIB1 and isoform IIB1' form caps but fail to mediate endocytosis or phagocytosis. Isoform IIB2 can mediate the endocytosis of soluble immune complexes via clathrin-coated pits. Isoform IIB1 and isoform IIB2 can down-regulate B-cell, T-cell, and mast cell activ [...] (340 aa) |
| | Prkcq | Protein kinase C theta type; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that mediates non-redundant functions in T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling, including T-cells activation, proliferation, differentiation and survival, by mediating activation of multiple transcription factors such as NF-kappa-B, JUN, NFATC1 and NFATC2. In TCR-CD3/CD28-co-stimulated T-cells, is required for the activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN, which in turn are essential for IL2 production, and participates in the calcium-dependent NFATC1 and NFATC2 transact [...] (707 aa) |
| | Grin1 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. (938 aa) |
| | Sppl2a | Signal peptide peptidase-like 2A; Intramembrane-cleaving aspartic protease (I-CLiP) that cleaves type II membrane signal peptides in the hydrophobic plane of the membrane. Functions in FASLG, ITM2B and TNF processing. Catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of the anchored fragment of shed TNF-alpha (TNF), which promotes the release of the intracellular domain (ICD) for signaling to the nucleus. Also responsible for the intramembrane cleavage of Fas antigen ligand FASLG, which promotes the release of the intracellular FasL domain (FasL ICD). May play a role in the regulation of innate and [...] (523 aa) |
| | Bub1 | Mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs 2 crucial functions during mitosis: it is essential for spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and for correct chromosome alignment. Has a key role in the assembly of checkpoint proteins at the kinetochore, being required for the subsequent localization of CENPF, BUB1B, CENPE and MAD2L1. Required for the kinetochore localization of PLK1. Required for centromeric enrichment of AUKRB in prometaphase. Plays an important role in defining SGO1 localization and thereby affects sister chromat [...] (1059 aa) |
| | Pik3ca | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Participates in cellular signaling in response to v [...] (1068 aa) |
| | Ptpn22 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22; Acts as negative regulator of T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling by direct dephosphorylation of the Src family kinases LCK and FYN, ITAMs of the TCRz/CD3 complex, as well as ZAP70, VAV, VCP and other key signaling molecules (By similarity). Associates with and probably dephosphorylates CBL (By similarity). Dephosphorylates LCK at its activating 'Tyr-394' residue (By similarity). Dephosphorylates ZAP70 at its activating 'Tyr-492' residue (By similarity). Dephosphorylates the immune system activator SKAP2 (By similarity). Positively regulat [...] (802 aa) |
| | Tlr2 | Toll-like receptor 2; Cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components. Cooperates with TLR1 or TLR6 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (By similarity). May also promote apoptosis in response to lipoproteins (By similarity). Forms activation clusters composed of several receptors depending on the ligand, these clusters trigger signaling from the cell surface [...] (784 aa) |
| | Casp6 | Caspase-6 subunit p11; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in vitro, as well as lamins. Overexpression promotes programmed cell death (By similarity). (276 aa) |
| | Ccn1 | CCN family member 1; Promotes cell proliferation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. Appears to play a role in wound healing by up- regulating, in skin fibroblasts, the expression of a number of genes involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and matrix remodeling including VEGA-A, VEGA-C, MMP1, MMP3, TIMP1, uPA, PAI-1 and integrins alpha-3 and alpha-5 (By similarity). CCN1-mediated gene regulation is dependent on heparin-binding (By similarity). Down-regulates the expression of alpha-1 and alpha-2 subunits of collagen type-1 (By similarity). Promotes cell adhesion and adhesive s [...] (379 aa) |
| | Tnfrsf1b | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B; Receptor with high affinity for TNFSF2/TNF-alpha and approximately 5-fold lower affinity for homotrimeric TNFSF1/lymphotoxin-alpha. The TRAF1/TRAF2 complex recruits the apoptotic suppressors BIRC2 and BIRC3 to TNFRSF1B/TNFR2 (By similarity). (474 aa) |
| | Map3k6 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 6; Component of a protein kinase signal transduction cascade. Activates the JNK, but not ERK or p38 kinase pathways. (1291 aa) |
| | Casp9 | Caspase-9 subunit p10; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Binding of caspase-9 to Apaf-1 leads to activation of the protease which then cleaves and activates caspase-3. Promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis in a ABL1/c-Abl-dependent manner. Proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (By similarity). (454 aa) |
| | Dffa | DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha; Inhibitor of the caspase-activated DNase (DFF40). (331 aa) |
| | Ociad1 | OCIA domain-containing protein 1; Maintains stem cell potency. Increases STAT3 phosphorylation and controls ERK phosphorylation. May act as a scaffold, increasing STAT3 recruitment onto endosomes. (247 aa) |
| | Rhoh | Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoH; Binds GTP but lacks intrinsic GTPase activity and is resistant to Rho-specific GTPase-activating proteins. Inhibits the activation of NF-kappa-B by TNF and IKKB and the activation of CRK/p38 by TNF. Inhibits activities of RAC1, RHOA and CDC42. Negatively regulates leukotriene production in neutrophils (By similarity). Negative regulator of hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation, survival and migration. Critical regulator of thymocyte development and T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling by mediating recruitment and activation of ZAP70. Requi [...] (191 aa) |
| | Dtx1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase DTX1; Regulator of Notch signaling, a signaling pathway involved in cell-cell communications that regulates a broad spectrum of cell-fate determinations. Mainly acts as a positive regulator of Notch, but it also acts as a negative regulator, depending on the developmental and cell context. Mediates the antineural activity of Notch, possibly by inhibiting the transcriptional activation mediated by MATCH1. Involved in neurogenesis, lymphogenesis and myogenesis, and may also be involved in MZB (Marginal zone B) cell differentiation. Promotes B-cell development [...] (627 aa) |
| | Cdx2 | Homeobox protein CDX-2; Involved in the transcriptional regulation of multiple genes expressed in the intestinal epithelium. Important in broad range of functions from early differentiation to maintenance of the intestinal epithelial lining of both the small and large intestine. Binds preferentially to methylated DNA; Belongs to the Caudal homeobox family. (311 aa) |
| | Cnbp | Cellular nucleic acid-binding protein; Single-stranded DNA-binding protein, with specificity to the sterol regulatory element (SRE). Involved in sterol-mediated repression. (178 aa) |
| | Ret | Extracellular cell-membrane anchored RET cadherin 120 kDa fragment; Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase involved in numerous cellular mechanisms including cell proliferation, neuronal navigation, cell migration, and cell differentiation upon binding with glial cell derived neurotrophic factor family ligands. Phosphorylates PTK2/FAK1. Regulates both cell death/survival balance and positional information. Required for the molecular mechanisms orchestration during intestine organogenesis; involved in the development of enteric nervous system and renal organogenesis during embryonic life, and [...] (1115 aa) |
| | Vgll4 | Transcription cofactor vestigial-like protein 4; May act as a specific coactivator for the mammalian TEFs. Belongs to the vestigial family. (287 aa) |
| | Tnfrsf1a | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A; Receptor for TNFSF2/TNF-alpha and homotrimeric TNFSF1/lymphotoxin-alpha. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis (By similarity). (454 aa) |
| | Nox4 | NADPH oxidase 4; Constitutive NADPH oxidase which generates superoxide intracellularly upon formation of a complex with CYBA/p22phox. Regulates signaling cascades probably through phosphatases inhibition. May function as an oxygen sensor regulating the KCNK3/TASK-1 potassium channel and HIF1A activity. May regulate insulin signaling cascade. May play a role in apoptosis, bone resorption and lipolysaccharide-mediated activation of NFKB. (578 aa) |
| | Fah | Fumarylacetoacetase; Belongs to the FAH family. (419 aa) |
| | Bax | Apoptosis regulator BAX; Accelerates programmed cell death by binding to, and antagonizing the apoptosis repressor BCL2 or its adenovirus homolog E1B 19k protein. Under stress conditions, undergoes a conformation change that causes translocation to the mitochondrion membrane, leading to the release of cytochrome c that then triggers apoptosis. Promotes activation of CASP3, and thereby apoptosis. BAX deficiency leads to lymphoid hyperplasia and male sterility, because of the cessation of sperm production; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (192 aa) |
| | Fadd | FAS-associated death domain protein; Apoptotic adaptor molecule that recruits caspase-8 or caspase-10 to the activated Fas (CD95) or TNFR-1 receptors. The resulting aggregate called the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation. Active caspase-8 initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases mediating apoptosis (By similarity). Involved in interferon-mediated antiviral immune response, playing a role in the positive regulation of interferon signaling (By similarity). (205 aa) |
| | Trex2 | Three prime repair exonuclease 2; Exonuclease with a preference for double-stranded DNA with mismatched 3' termini. May play a role in DNA repair. (236 aa) |
| | Dusp4 | Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4; Regulates mitogenic signal transduction by dephosphorylating both Thr and Tyr residues on MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2. (398 aa) |
| | Ikbkb | Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on 2 critical serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is transloca [...] (757 aa) |
| | Plat | Tissue-type plasminogen activator chain A; Converts the abundant, but inactive, zymogen plasminogen to plasmin by hydrolyzing a single Arg-Val bond in plasminogen. By controlling plasmin-mediated proteolysis, it plays an important role in tissue remodeling and degradation, in cell migration and many other physiopathological events; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (559 aa) |
| | Egln1 | Egl nine homolog 1; Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific proline found in each of the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains (N-terminal, NODD, and C-terminal, CODD) of HIF1A. Also hydroxylates HIF2A. Has a preference for the CODD site for both HIF1A and HIF1B. Hydroxylated HIFs are then targeted for proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex. Under hypoxic conditions, the hydroxylation reaction is [...] (400 aa) |
| | Ets1 | Protein C-ets-1; Transcription factor. Directly controls the expression of cytokine and chemokine genes in a wide variety of different cellular contexts. May control the differentiation, survival and proliferation of lymphoid cells. May also regulate angiogenesis through regulation of expression of genes controlling endothelial cell migration and invasion (By similarity). (440 aa) |
| | Cyp11a1 | Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes the side-chain hydroxylation and cleavage of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the precursor of most steroid hormones. Catalyzes three sequential oxidation reactions of cholesterol, namely the hydroxylation at C22 followed with the hydroxylation at C20 to yield 20R,22R- hydroxycholesterol that is further cleaved between C20 and C22 to yield the C21-steroid pregnenolone and 4-methylpentanal. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate and reducing the se [...] (526 aa) |
| | Smad3 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP- 1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and m [...] (425 aa) |
| | Ptgs2 | Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2; Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays imp [...] (604 aa) |
| | Ltf | Lactotransferrin; Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. The lactotransferrin transferrin-like domain 1 functions as a serine protease of the peptidase S60 family that cuts arginine rich regions. This function contributes to the antimicrobial activity. Shows a preferential cleavage at -Arg-Ser-Arg-Arg-|- and -Arg-Arg-Ser-Arg-|-, and of Z-Phe-Arg-|-aminomethylcoumarin sites. (707 aa) |
| | Lgals2 | Galectin-2; This protein binds beta-galactoside. Its physiological function is not yet known. (130 aa) |
| | Tgfbi | Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3; Plays a role in cell adhesion. May play a role in cell-collagen interactions (By similarity). (683 aa) |
| | Taf4 | TATA-box-binding protein-associated factor 4. (1042 aa) |
| | Vhl | Von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor; Involved in the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex. Seems to act as a target recruitment subunit in the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and recruits hydroxylated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) under normoxic conditions. Involved in transcriptional repression through interaction with HIF1A, HIF1AN and histone deacetylases. Ubiquitinates, in an oxygen-responsive manner, ADRB2 (By similarity); Belongs to the VHL family. (181 aa) |
| | Tmem109 | Transmembrane protein 109; May mediate cellular response to DNA damage by protecting against ultraviolet C-induced cell death. Can form voltage-gated calcium and potassium channels in vitro (By similarity). (243 aa) |
| | Sostdc1 | Sclerostin domain-containing protein 1; May be involved in the onset of endometrial receptivity for implantation/sensitization for the decidual cell reaction. Enhances Wnt signaling and inhibits TGF-beta signaling (By similarity). Directly antagonizes activity of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6 and BMP7 in a dose-dependent manner; Belongs to the sclerostin family. (206 aa) |
| | Maob | Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B; Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOB preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine (By similarity). (520 aa) |
| | Lum | Lumican; Belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. SLRP class II subfamily. (338 aa) |
| | Aifm1 | Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial; Functions both as NADH oxidoreductase and as regulator of apoptosis (By similarity). In response to apoptotic stimuli, it is released from the mitochondrion intermembrane space into the cytosol and to the nucleus, where it functions as a proapoptotic factor in a caspase-independent pathway. The soluble form (AIFsol) found in the nucleus induces 'parthanatos' i.e. caspase-independent fragmentation of chromosomal DNA. Binds to DNA in a sequence- independent manner. Interacts with EIF3G, and thereby inhibits the EIF3 machinery and protein synthe [...] (612 aa) |
| | Ppp1r9b | Neurabin-2; Seems to act as a scaffold protein in multiple signaling pathways. Modulates excitatory synaptic transmission and dendritic spine morphology. Binds to actin filaments (F-actin) and shows cross- linking activity. Binds along the sides of the F-actin. May play an important role in linking the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane at the synaptic junction. Believed to target protein phosphatase 1/PP1 to dendritic spines, which are rich in F-actin, and regulates its specificity toward ion channels and other substrates, such as AMPA-type and NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Pl [...] (817 aa) |
| | Egln3 | Egl nine homolog 3; Plays a crucial role in DNA damage response (DDR) by hydroxylating TELO2, promoting its interaction with ATR which is required for activation of the ATR/CHK1/p53 pathway (By similarity). Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific proline found in each of the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains (N-terminal, NODD, and C-terminal, CODD) of HIF1A. Also hydroxylates HIF2A. Has a preference for the CODD site for both [...] (239 aa) |
| | Thbs1 | Thrombospondin-1; Adhesive glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to- matrix interactions. Binds heparin. May play a role in dentinogenesis and/or maintenance of dentin and dental pulp. Ligand for CD36 mediating antiangiogenic properties (By similarity). Plays a role in ER stress response, via its interaction with the activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6) which produces adaptive ER stress response factors. (1171 aa) |
| | Tlr4 | Toll-like receptor 4; Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS- independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate. In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding t [...] (835 aa) |
| | Noa1 | Nitric oxide-associated protein 1; Involved in regulation of mitochondrial protein translation and respiration. Plays a role in mitochondria-mediated cell death. May act as a scaffolding protein or stabilizer of respiratory chain supercomplexes. Binds GTP; Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family. NOA1 subfamily. (693 aa) |
| | Eef2k | Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase; Threonine kinase that regulates protein synthesis by controlling the rate of peptide chain elongation. Upon activation by a variety of upstream kinases including AMPK or TRPM7, phosphorylates the elongation factor EEF2 at a single site, renders it unable to bind ribosomes and thus inactive. In turn, the rate of protein synthesis is reduced. (724 aa) |
| | Trpc5 | Short transient receptor potential channel 5; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Has also been shown to be calcium-selective. May also be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. (975 aa) |
| | Ubqln1 | Ubiquilin-1; Plays an important role in the regulation of different protein degradation mechanisms and pathways including ubiquitin- proteasome system (UPS), autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. Mediates the proteasomal targeting of misfolded or accumulated proteins for degradation by binding (via UBA domain) to their polyubiquitin chains and by interacting (via ubiquitin-like domain) with the subunits of the proteasome. Plays a role in the ERAD pathway via its interaction with ER-localized proteins UBXN4, VCP and HERPUD1 and may form a lin [...] (582 aa) |
| | Mapk8ip1 | C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 1; The JNK-interacting protein (JIP) group of scaffold proteins selectively mediates JNK signaling by aggregating specific components of the MAPK cascade to form a functional JNK signaling module. Required for JNK activation in response to excitotoxic stress. Cytoplasmic MAPK8IP1 causes inhibition of JNK-regulated activity by retaining JNK in the cytoplasm and thus inhibiting the JNK phosphorylation of c-Jun. May also participate in ApoER2-specific reelin signaling. Directly, or indirectly, regulates GLUT2 gene expression and beta-cell fu [...] (707 aa) |
| | Rasd1 | Dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1; Small GTPase. Negatively regulates the transcription regulation activity of the APBB1/FE65-APP complex via its interaction with APBB1/FE65 (By similarity). (280 aa) |
| | Gpr37 | Prosaposin receptor GPR37; Receptor for the neuroprotective and glioprotective factor prosaposin. Ligand binding induces endocytosis, followed by an ERK phosphorylation cascade (By similarity). (600 aa) |
| | S1pr2 | Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2; Receptor for the lysosphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) (By similarity). S1P is a bioactive lysophospholipid that elicits diverse physiological effects on most types of cells and tissues (By similarity). Receptor for the chemokine-like protein FAM19A5 (By similarity). Mediates the inhibitory effect of FAM19A5 on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration (By similarity). (352 aa) |
| | Cxcr4 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 that transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ion levels and enhancing MAPK1/MAPK3 activation. Involved in the AKT signaling cascade (By similarity). Plays a role in regulation of cell migration, e.g. during wound healing. Acts as a receptor for extracellular ubiquitin; leading to enhanced intracellular calcium ions and reduced cellular cAMP levels. Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) et mediates LPS-induced inflammatory response, including TNF secretion by monocytes (By similarity). Invo [...] (359 aa) |
| | Lcn2 | Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; Iron-trafficking protein involved in multiple processes such as apoptosis, innate immunity and renal development. Binds iron through association with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5- DHBA), a siderophore that shares structural similarities with bacterial enterobactin, and delivers or removes iron from the cell, depending on the context. Iron-bound form (holo-24p3) is internalized following binding to the SLC22A17 (24p3R) receptor, leading to release of iron and subsequent increase of intracellular iron concentration. In contrast, association o [...] (200 aa) |
| | Ticam1 | TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1; Involved in innate immunity against invading pathogens. Adapter used by TLR3, TLR4 (through TICAM2) and TLR5 to mediate NF- kappa-B and interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) activation, and to induce apoptosis. Ligand binding to these receptors results in TRIF recruitment through its TIR domain. Distinct protein-interaction motifs allow recruitment of the effector proteins TBK1, TRAF6 and RIPK1, which in turn, lead to the activation of transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7, NF-kappa-B and FADD respectively. Phosphorylation by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif [...] (732 aa) |
| | Foxo1 | Forkhead box protein O1; Transcription factor that is the main target of insulin signaling and regulates metabolic homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. Binds to the insulin response element (IRE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTTG-3' and the related Daf-16 family binding element (DBE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTAC-3'. Activity suppressed by insulin. Main regulator of redox balance and osteoblast numbers and controls bone mass. Orchestrates the endocrine function of the skeleton in regulating glucose metabolism. Acts synergistically with ATF4 to suppress osteocalc [...] (652 aa) |
| | Mlkl | Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein; Pseudokinase that plays a key role in TNF-induced necroptosis, a programmed cell death process. Activated following phosphorylation by RIPK3, leading to homotrimerization, localization to the plasma membrane and execution of programmed necrosis characterized by calcium influx and plasma membrane damage. Does not have protein kinase activity. Binds to highly phosphorylated inositol phosphates such as inositolhexakisphosphate (InsP6) which is essential for its necroptotic function (By similarity). (472 aa) |
| | P2ry6 | P2Y purinoceptor 6; Receptor for extracellular UTP > ADP = 2-methylthio-ATP > ADP-beta-S > ATP = ATP-gamma-S. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Functionally coupled to phospholipase C (By similarity). (328 aa) |
| | Lcp2 | Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2; Involved in T-cell antigen receptor mediated signaling. (533 aa) |
| | Hrk | Activator of apoptosis harakiri; Promotes apoptosis. (92 aa) |
| | Ntf5 | Neurotrophin-4; Could serve as a target-derived trophic factor for sensory and sympathetic neurons; Belongs to the NGF-beta family. (209 aa) |
| | Mlf1 | Myeloid leukemia factor 1; Involved in lineage commitment of primary hemopoietic progenitors by restricting erythroid formation and enhancing myeloid formation. Interferes with erythropoietin-induced erythroid terminal differentiation by preventing cells from exiting the cell cycle through suppression of CDKN1B/p27Kip1 levels. Suppresses COP1 activity via CSN3 which activates p53 and induces cell cycle arrest. Binds DNA and affects the expression of a number of genes so may function as a transcription factor in the nucleus. (282 aa) |
| | Ptpn11 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11; Acts downstream of various receptor and cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases to participate in the signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Positively regulates MAPK signal transduction pathway. Dephosphorylates GAB1, ARHGAP35 and EGFR. Dephosphorylates ROCK2 at 'Tyr-722' resulting in stimulatation of its RhoA binding activity. Dephosphorylates CDC73. (597 aa) |
| | Crh | Corticoliberin; Hormone regulating the release of corticotropin from pituitary gland. Induces NLRP6 in intestinal epithelial cells, hence may influence gut microbiota profile. (187 aa) |
| | Has2 | Hyaluronan synthase 2; Catalyzes the addition of GlcNAc or GlcUA monosaccharides to the nascent hyaluronan polymer. Therefore, it is essential to hyaluronan synthesis a major component of most extracellular matrices that has a structural role in tissues architectures and regulates cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. This is one of the isozymes catalyzing that reaction and it is particularly responsible for the synthesis of high molecular mass hyaluronan. Required for the transition of endocardial cushion cells into mesenchymal cells, a process crucial for heart development. M [...] (552 aa) |
| | Ifng | Interferon gamma; Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. (155 aa) |
| | Srr | Serine racemase; Catalyzes the synthesis of D-serine from L-serine. D-serine is a key coagonist with glutamate at NMDA receptors. Has dehydratase activity towards both L-serine and D-serine. (339 aa) |
| | Klf13 | Krueppel-like factor 13; Transcription factor that activates expression from GC-rich minimal promoter regions, including genes in the cells of the erythroid lineage. (289 aa) |
| | Itgam | Integrin alpha-M; Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is implicated in various adhesive interactions of monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes as well as in mediating the uptake of complement-coated particles and pathogens (By similarity). It is identical with CR-3, the receptor for the iC3b fragment of the third complement component. It probably recognizes the R-G-D peptide in C3b. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is also a receptor for fibrinogen, factor X and ICAM1. It recognizes P1 and P2 peptides of fibrinogen gamma chain. Regulates neutrophil migration. In association with beta subunit ITGB2/CD18, require [...] (1154 aa) |
| | Mdm4 | Protein Mdm4; Inhibits p53/TP53- and TP73/p73-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by binding its transcriptional activation domain. Inhibits degradation of MDM2. Can reverse MDM2-targeted degradation of TP53 while maintaining suppression of TP53 transactivation and apoptotic functions. The short isoform is a more potent inhibitor of TP53 activity than the long isoform. (490 aa) |
| | Pla2g4a | Cytosolic phospholipase A2; Selectively hydrolyzes arachidonyl phospholipids in the sn-2 position releasing arachidonic acid. Together with its lysophospholipid activity, it is implicated in the initiation of the inflammatory response. (748 aa) |
| | Camk2g | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that functions autonomously after Ca(2+)/calmodulin-binding and autophosphorylation, and is involved in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) transport in skeletal muscle and may function in dendritic spine and synapse formation and neuronal plasticity. In slow-twitch muscles, is involved in regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) transport and in fast-twitch muscle participates in the control of Ca(2+) release from the SR through phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor-cou [...] (529 aa) |
| | Nlrp9b | NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 9B; As the sensor component of the NLRP9 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens, including rotavirus, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of NLRP9, PYCARD and CASP1. Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1-catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and release in the extracellular milieu. The active cytokines stimulate inflammatory responses. Inflammasomes can also induce pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell [...] (1003 aa) |
| | Dapk1 | Death-associated protein kinase 1; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase involved in multiple cellular signaling pathways that trigger cell survival, apoptosis, and autophagy. Regulates both type I apoptotic and type II autophagic cell deaths signal, depending on the cellular setting. The former is caspase-dependent, while the latter is caspase-independent and is characterized by the accumulation of autophagic vesicles. Phosphorylates PIN1 resulting in inhibition of its catalytic activity, nuclear localization, and cellular function. Phosphorylates TPM1, enhancing stress [...] (1430 aa) |
| | Mff | Mitochondrial fission factor; Plays a role in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Promotes the recruitment and association of the fission mediator dynamin-related protein 1 (DNM1L) to the mitochondrial surface. May be involved in regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane dynamics by recruitment of DNM1L to clathrin-containing vesicles. Belongs to the Tango11 family. (291 aa) |
| | Phex | Phosphate-regulating neutral endopeptidase PHEX; Peptidase that cleaves SIBLING (small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein)-derived ASARM peptides, thus regulating their biological activity (By similarity). Cleaves ASARM peptides between Ser and Glu or Asp residues (By similarity). Regulates osteogenic cell differentiation and bone mineralization through the cleavage of the MEPE-derived ASARM peptide. Promotes dentin mineralization and renal phosphate reabsorption by cleaving DMP1- and MEPE-derived ASARM peptides. Inhibits the cleavage of MEPE by CTSB/cathepsin B thus preven [...] (749 aa) |
| | Pacs2 | Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2; Multifunctional sorting protein that controls the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria communication, including the apposition of mitochondria with the ER and ER homeostasis. In addition, in response to apoptotic inducer, translocates BIB to mitochondria, which initiates a sequence of events including the formation of mitochondrial truncated BID, the release of cytochrome c, the activation of caspase-3 thereby causing cell death. May also involved in ion channel trafficking, directing acidic cluster-containing ion channels to distinct s [...] (892 aa) |
| | Rnasel | 2-5A-dependent ribonuclease; Endoribonuclease that functions in the interferon (IFN) antiviral response. In INF treated and virus infected cells, RNASEL probably mediates its antiviral effects through a combination of direct cleavage of single-stranded viral RNAs, inhibition of protein synthesis through the degradation of rRNA, induction of apoptosis, and induction of other antiviral genes. RNASEL mediated apoptosis is the result of a JNK-dependent stress-response pathway leading to cytochrome c release from mitochondria and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Therefore, activation of RNASEL [...] (735 aa) |
| | Spp1 | Osteopontin; Binds tightly to hydroxyapatite. Appears to form an integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction; Belongs to the osteopontin family. (295 aa) |
| | Ncoa3 | Nuclear receptor coactivator 3; Nuclear receptor coactivator that directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone- dependent fashion. Plays a central role in creating a multisubunit coactivator complex, probably via remodeling of chromatin. Involved in the coactivation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (GR and ER), retinoids (RARs and RXRs), thyroid hormone (TRs), vitamin D3 (VDR) and prostanoids (PPARs). Displays histone acetyltransferase activity. Also involved in the coactivation of the NF-kappa-B pathway via its interac [...] (1403 aa) |
| | Agtr2 | Type-2 angiotensin II receptor; Receptor for angiotensin II. Cooperates with MTUS1 to inhibit ERK2 activation and cell proliferation. (363 aa) |
| | Bmf | Bcl-2-modifying factor; May play a role in apoptosis; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (271 aa) |
| | H2bc21 | Histone H2B type 2-E; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (126 aa) |
| | Otud7b | OTU domain-containing protein 7B; Negative regulator of the non-canonical NF-kappa-B pathway that acts by mediating deubiquitination of TRAF3, an inhibitor of the NF-kappa-B pathway, thereby acting as a negative regulator of B-cell responses. In response to non-canonical NF-kappa-B stimuli, deubiquitinates 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains of TRAF3, preventing TRAF3 proteolysis and over-activation of non-canonical NF- kappa-B. Negatively regulates mucosal immunity against infections. Deubiquitinates ZAP70, and thereby regulates T cell receptor (TCR) signaling that leads to the activ [...] (840 aa) |
| | Dap3 | 28S ribosomal protein S29, mitochondrial; Involved in mediating interferon-gamma-induced cell death. Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS29 family. (396 aa) |
| | Wdr83 | WD repeat domain-containing protein 83; Molecular scaffold protein for various multimeric protein complexes. Involved in response to hypoxia by acting as a negative regulator of HIF1A/HIF-1-alpha via its interaction with EGLN3/PHD3. May promote degradation of HIF1A. May act by recruiting signaling complexes to a specific upstream activator (By similarity). Also acts as a module in the assembly of a multicomponent scaffold for the ERK pathway, linking ERK responses to specific agonists. At low concentrations it enhances ERK activation, whereas high concentrations lead to the inhibition [...] (315 aa) |
| | Prkce | Protein kinase C epsilon type; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays essential roles in the regulation of multiple cellular processes linked to cytoskeletal proteins, such as cell adhesion, motility, migration and cell cycle, functions in neuron growth and ion channel regulation, and is involved in immune response, cancer cell invasion and regulation of apoptosis. Mediates cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix via integrin- dependent signaling, by mediating angiotensin-2-induced activation of integrin beta- [...] (737 aa) |
| | Elavl1 | ELAV-like protein 1; RNA-binding protein that binds to the 3'-UTR region of mRNAs and increases their stability. Involved in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation: preferentially binds mRNAs that are not methylated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), stabilizing them, promoting ESCs differentiation. Binds to poly-U elements and AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs. Binds avidly to the AU- rich element in FOS and IL3/interleukin-3 mRNAs. In the case of the FOS AU-rich element, binds to a core element of 27 nucleotides that contain AUUUA, AUUUUA, and AUUUUUA motifs. Binds [...] (326 aa) |
| | Mgst2 | Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2. (147 aa) |
| | Ccdc80 | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 80; Promotes cell adhesion and matrix assembly. (949 aa) |
| | Mefv | Pyrin; Involved in the regulation of innate immunity and the inflammatory response in response to IFNG/IFN-gamma. Organizes autophagic machinery by serving as a platform for the assembly of ULK1, Beclin 1/BECN1, ATG16L1, and ATG8 family members and recognizes specific autophagy targets, thus coordinating target recognition with assembly of the autophagic apparatus and initiation of autophagy. Acts as an autophagy receptor for the degradation of several inflammasome components, including CASP1, NLRP1 and NLRP3, hence preventing excessive IL1B- and IL18-mediated inflammation. However, it [...] (808 aa) |
| | Serpinb9 | Serine (Or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 9; Belongs to the serpin family. (374 aa) |
| | E2f1 | Transcription factor E2F1; Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3' found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The DRTF1/E2F complex functions in the control of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. E2F1 binds preferentially RB1 in a cell-cycle dependent manner. It can mediate both cell proliferation and TP53/p53-dependent apoptosis. Blocks adipocyte differentiation by binding to specific promoters repressing CEBPA bindi [...] (430 aa) |
| | Mtor | Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which is a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth and survival in response to hormones, growth factors, nutrients, energy and stress signals. MTOR directly or indirectly regulates the phosphorylation of at least 800 proteins. Functions as part of 2 structurally and functionally distinct signaling complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 1 and 2). Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis (By similarity). This includes phosph [...] (2549 aa) |
| | Mutyh | Adenine DNA glycosylase; Involved in oxidative DNA damage repair. Initiates repair of A*oxoG to C*G by removing the inappropriately paired adenine base from the DNA backbone. Possesses both adenine and 2-OH-A DNA glycosylase activities. (515 aa) |
| | Faf1 | FAS-associated factor 1; Ubiquitin-binding protein (By similarity). Required for the progression of DNA replication forks by targeting DNA replication licensing factor CDT1 for degradation (By similarity). Potentiates but cannot initiate FAS-induced apoptosis. (649 aa) |
| | Dennd1a | DENN domain-containing protein 1A; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) regulating clathrin- mediated endocytosis through RAB35 activation. Promotes the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting inactive GDP-bound RAB35 into its active GTP- bound form. Regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis of synaptic vesicles and mediates exit from early endosomes. Binds phosphatidylinositol-phosphates (PtdInsPs), with some preference for PtdIns(3)P. (1016 aa) |
| | Rel | Proto-oncogene c-Rel; Proto-oncogene that may play a role in differentiation and lymphopoiesis. NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell types and is involved in many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferen [...] (588 aa) |
| | Foxo3 | Forkhead box protein O3; Transcriptional activator that recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]TAAA[TC]A-3' and regulates different processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Acts as a positive regulator of autophagy in skeletal muscle: in starved cells, enters the nucleus following dephosphorylation and binds the promoters of autophagy genes, such as GABARAP1L, MAP1LC3B and ATG12, thereby activating their expression, resulting in proteolysis of skeletal muscle proteins. Triggers apoptosis in the absence of survival factors, including neuronal cell death upon oxidative stress [...] (672 aa) |
| | Bnip3 | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3; Apoptosis-inducing protein that can overcome BCL2 suppression. May play a role in repartitioning calcium between the two major intracellular calcium stores in association with BCL2 (By similarity). Involved in mitochondrial quality control via its interaction with SPATA18/MIEAP: in response to mitochondrial damage, participates in mitochondrial protein catabolic process (also named MALM) leading to the degradation of damaged proteins inside mitochondria. The physical interaction of SPATA18/MIEAP, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX at the mito [...] (187 aa) |
| | Jun | Transcription factor AP-1; Transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Promotes activity of NR5A1 when phosphorylated by HIPK3 leading to increased steroidogenic gene expression upon cAMP signaling pathway stimulation. Involved in activated KRAS-mediated transcriptional activation of USP28 (By similarity). Binds to the USP28 promoter (By similarity). (334 aa) |
| | Rsf1 | Remodeling and spacing factor 1. (1441 aa) |
| | Ptrh2 | Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 2, mitochondrial; The natural substrate for this enzyme may be peptidyl-tRNAs which drop off the ribosome during protein synthesis. (181 aa) |
| | Sarm1 | NAD(+) hydrolase SARM1; NAD(+) hydrolase, which plays a key role in axonal degeneration following injury by regulating NAD(+) metabolism. Acts as a negative regulator of MYD88- and TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway by promoting Wallerian degeneration, an injury-induced form of programmed subcellular death which involves degeneration of an axon distal to the injury site. Wallerian degeneration is triggered by NAD(+) depletion: in response to injury, SARM1 is activated and catalyzes cleavage of NAD(+) into ADP-D-ribose (ADPR), cyclic ADPR (cADPR) and nicotinamide; NAD(+ [...] (764 aa) |
| | Trp53 | Cellular tumor antigen p53; Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Its pro-apoptotic activity is activated via its intera [...] (390 aa) |
| | Bcl2l11 | Bcl-2-like protein 11; Induces apoptosis and anoikis. The isoforms vary in cytotoxicity with isoform BimS being the most potent and isoform BimEL being the least potent; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (196 aa) |
| | Acp1 | Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase; Acts on tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, low-MW aryl phosphates and natural and synthetic acyl phosphates. (158 aa) |
| | Steap3 | Metalloreductase STEAP3; Endosomal ferrireductase required for efficient transferrin- dependent iron uptake in erythroid cells. Participates in erythroid iron homeostasis by reducing Fe(3+) to Fe(2+). Also mediates reduction of Cu(2+) to Cu(1+), suggesting that it participates in copper homeostasis. Uses NADP(+) as acceptor. May play a role downstream of p53/TP53 to interface apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Indirectly involved in exosome secretion by facilitating the secretion of proteins such as TCTP; Belongs to the STEAP family. (488 aa) |
| | Snca | Alpha-synuclein; Neuronal protein that plays several roles in synaptic activity such as regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release. Participates as a monomer in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by enhancing vesicle priming, fusion and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, acts by increasing local Ca(2+) release from microdomains which is essential for the enhancement of ATP-induced exocytosis. Acts also as a molecular chaperone in its multimeric membrane-bound state, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components called SNAREs [...] (140 aa) |
| | Dcc | Netrin receptor DCC; Receptor for netrin required for axon guidance. Mediates axon attraction of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding. Its association with UNC5 proteins may trigger signaling for axon repulsion. It also acts as a dependence receptor required for apoptosis induction when not associated with netrin ligand. Implicated as a tumor suppressor gene. (1447 aa) |
| | Trp63 | Tumor protein 63; Acts as a sequence specific DNA binding transcriptional activator or repressor. The isoforms contain a varying set of transactivation and auto-regulating transactivation inhibiting domains thus showing an isoform specific activity. May be required in conjunction with TP73/p73 for initiation of p53/TP53 dependent apoptosis in response to genotoxic insults and the presence of activated oncogenes. Involved in Notch signaling by probably inducing JAG1 and JAG2. Activates transcription of the p21 promoter (By similarity). Activates RIPK4 transcription. Plays a role in the [...] (680 aa) |
| | Nr3c1 | Glucocorticoid receptor; Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Involved in chromatin remodeling. Plays a role in rapid mRNA degradation by binding to the 5' UTR of target mRNAs and interacting with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner which recruits the RNA helicase UPF1 and the mRNA-decapping enzyme DCP [...] (792 aa) |
| | Otx2 | Homeobox protein OTX2; Transcription factor probably involved in the development of the brain and the sense organs. Can bind to the bicoid/BCD target sequence (BTS): 5'-TCTAATCCC-3'; Belongs to the paired homeobox family. Bicoid subfamily. (297 aa) |
| | Rasa3 | Ras GTPase-activating protein 3; Inhibitory regulator of the Ras-cyclic AMP pathway. May bind inositol tetrakisphosphate (IP4). (834 aa) |
| | Stim2 | Stromal interaction molecule 2; Plays a role in mediating store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), a Ca(2+) influx following depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Functions as a highly sensitive Ca(2+) sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum which activates both store-operated and store-independent Ca(2+)-influx. Regulates basal cytosolic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) concentrations. Upon mild variations of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) concentration, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane where it probably activates the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRA [...] (746 aa) |
| | Stk38 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase 38; Negative regulator of MAP3K1/2 signaling. Converts MAP3K2 from its phosphorylated form to its non-phosphorylated form and inhibits autophosphorylation of MAP3K2 (By similarity). (465 aa) |
| | Bcl3 | B-cell lymphoma 3 protein homolog; Contributes to the regulation of transcriptional activation of NF-kappa-B target genes. In the cytoplasm, inhibits the nuclear translocation of the NF-kappa-B p50 subunit (By similarity). In the nucleus, acts as transcriptional activator that promotes transcription of NF-kappa-B target genes. Contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation. (448 aa) |
| | Pkn1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase N1; PKC-related serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as regulation of the intermediate filaments of the actin cytoskeleton, cell migration, tumor cell invasion and transcription regulation. Part of a signaling cascade that begins with the activation of the adrenergic receptor ADRA1B and leads to the activation of MAPK14. Regulates the cytoskeletal network by phosphorylating proteins such as VIM and neurofilament proteins NEFH, NEFL and NEFM, leading to inhibit their polymerization. Phosphorylates 'Ser-575', 'Ser-637' and 'Se [...] (951 aa) |
| | Rapgef3 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAP1A and RAP2A small GTPases that is activated by binding cAMP. Through simultaneous binding of PDE3B to RAPGEF3 and PIK3R6 is assembled in a signaling complex in which it activates the PI3K gamma complex and which is involved in angiogenesis. Plays a role in the modulation of the cAMP- induced dynamic control of endothelial barrier function through a pathway that is independent on Rho-mediated signaling. Required for the actin rearrangement at cell-cell junctions, such as stress fibers and junction [...] (926 aa) |
| | Aim2 | Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8. (354 aa) |
| | Nos1 | Nitric oxide synthase, brain; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter. Probably has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such SRR. Isoform NNOS Mu may be an effector enzyme for the dystrophin complex. (1429 aa) |
| | Ucp2 | Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2; UCP are mitochondrial transporter proteins that create proton leaks across the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis. As a result, energy is dissipated in the form of heat (By similarity); Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (309 aa) |
| | Ube2k | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 K; Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro, in the presence or in the absence of BRCA1-BARD1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, catalyzes the synthesis of 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Does not transfer ubiquitin directly to but elongates monoubiquitinated substrate protein. Mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins, such as the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded lumenal proteins. Ubiquitinates huntingtin. May mediate foam [...] (200 aa) |
| | Hyou1 | Hypoxia up-regulated protein 1; Has a pivotal role in cytoprotective cellular mechanisms triggered by oxygen deprivation. May play a role as a molecular chaperone and participate in protein folding (By similarity). (999 aa) |
| | Hipk2 | Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in transcription regulation, p53/TP53-mediated cellular apoptosis and regulation of the cell cycle. Acts as a corepressor of several transcription factors, including SMAD1 and POU4F1/Brn3a and probably NK homeodomain transcription factors. Phosphorylates PDX1, ATF1, PML, p53/TP53, CREB1, CTBP1, CBX4, RUNX1, EP300, CTNNB1, HMGA1 and ZBTB4. Inhibits cell growth and promotes apoptosis through the activation of p53/TP53 both at the transcription level and at the protein level (by phosphorylation and indirect [...] (1196 aa) |
| | Cdk6 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 6; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle and differentiation; promotes G1/S transition. Phosphorylates pRB/RB1 and NPM1. Interacts with D-type G1 cyclins during interphase at G1 to form a pRB/RB1 kinase and controls the entrance into the cell cycle. Involved in initiation and maintenance of cell cycle exit during cell differentiation; prevents cell proliferation and regulates negatively cell differentiation, but is required for the proliferation of specific cell types (e.g. erythroid and hematopoietic cells). Essential for cel [...] (326 aa) |
| | Panx1 | Pannexin-1; Structural component of the gap junctions and the hemichannels. May play a role as a Ca(2+)-leak channel to regulate ER Ca(2+) homeostasis (By similarity). (426 aa) |
| | Mapk10 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as neuronal proliferation, differentiation, migration and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK10/JNK3. In turn, MAPK10/JNK3 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and ATF [...] (464 aa) |
| | Inpp5d | Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 1; Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphatase that specifically hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) to produce PtdIns(3,4)P2, thereby negatively regulating the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathways (By similarity). Able also to hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. Acts as a negative regulator of B-cell antigen receptor signaling. Mediates signaling from the FC-gamma-RIIB receptor (FCGR2B), p [...] (1191 aa) |
| | Thbs2 | Thrombospondin-2; Adhesive glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to- matrix interactions. Ligand for CD36 mediating antiangiogenic properties. (1172 aa) |
| | Moap1 | Modulator of apoptosis 1; Required for death receptor-dependent apoptosis. When associated with RASSF1, promotes BAX conformational change and translocation to mitochondrial membranes in response to TNF and TNFSF10 stimulation (By similarity). (352 aa) |
| | Mapk9 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress- activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK9/JNK2. In turn, MAPK9/JNK2 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as J [...] (423 aa) |
| | Casp8 | Caspase-8 subunit p10; Most upstream protease of the activation cascade of caspases responsible for the TNFRSF6/FAS mediated and TNFRSF1A induced cell death. Binding to the adapter molecule FADD recruits it to either receptor. The resulting aggregate called death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs CASP8 proteolytic activation. The active dimeric enzyme is then liberated from the DISC and free to activate downstream apoptotic proteases. Proteolytic fragments of the N-terminal propeptide (termed CAP3, CAP5 and CAP6) are likely retained in the DISC. Cleaves and activates CASP3, CA [...] (500 aa) |
| | Cd247 | T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain; Part of the TCR-CD3 complex present on T-lymphocyte cell surface that plays an essential role in adaptive immune response. When antigen presenting cells (APCs) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), TCR- mediated signals are transmitted across the cell membrane by the CD3 chains CD3D, CD3E, CD3G and CD3Z. All CD3 chains contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their cytoplasmic domain. Upon TCR engagement, these motifs become phosphorylated by Src family protein tyrosine kinases LCK and FYN, resulting in the activation of d [...] (206 aa) |
| | Muc2 | Mucin-2; Coats the epithelia of the intestines, airways, and other mucus membrane-containing organs. Thought to provide a protective, lubricating barrier against particles and infectious agents at mucosal surfaces. Major constituent of both the inner and outer mucus layers of the colon and may play a role in excluding bacteria from the inner mucus layer. (923 aa) |
| | Stat1 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signaling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to [...] (755 aa) |
| | Sh3glb1 | Endophilin-B1; May be required for normal outer mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Required for coatomer-mediated retrograde transport in certain cells. May recruit other proteins to membranes with high curvature. May promote membrane fusion (By similarity). Involved in activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis by promoting BAX/BAK1 activation. Isoform 1 acts proapoptotic in fibroblasts. Involved in caspase- independent apoptosis during nutrition starvation and involved in the regulation of autophagy. Activates lipid kinase activity of PIK3C3 during autophagy probably by associating with [...] (386 aa) |
| | Camk2d | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase involved in the regulation of Ca(2+) homeostatis and excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in heart by targeting ion channels, transporters and accessory proteins involved in Ca(2+) influx into the myocyte, Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), SR Ca(2+) uptake and Na(+) and K(+) channel transport. Targets also transcription factors and signaling molecules to regulate heart function. In its activated form, is involved in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopath [...] (533 aa) |
| | Casp3 | Caspase-3 subunit p12; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. At the onset of apoptosis it proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) at a '216-Asp-|-Gly-217' bond. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) between the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper domain and the membrane attachment domain. Cleaves and activates caspase-6, -7 and -9. Triggers cell adhesion in sympathetic neurons through RET cleavage (By similarity). Cleaves IL-1 beta between an Asp and an Ala, releasing the mature cytok [...] (277 aa) |
| | Prf1 | Perforin-1; Plays a key role in secretory granule-dependent cell death, and in defense against virus-infected or neoplastic cells. Can insert into the membrane of target cells in its calcium-bound form, oligomerize and form large pores. Promotes cytolysis and apoptosis of target cells by facilitating the uptake of cytotoxic granzymes. (554 aa) |
| | Trim27 | Zinc finger protein RFP; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of PIK3C2B and inhibits its activity; mediates the formation of 'Lys-48'- linked polyubiquitin chains; the function inhibits CD4 T-cell activation. Acts as a regulator of retrograde transport: together with MAGEL2, mediates the formation of 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains at 'Lys-220' of WASHC1, leading to promote endosomal F-actin assembly. Has a transcriptional repressor activity. Induces apoptosis by activating Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase and also increases caspase-3-like activity indepen [...] (513 aa) |
| | Dnm1l | Dynamin-1-like protein; Functions in mitochondrial and peroxisomal division. Mediates membrane fission through oligomerization into membrane-associated tubular structures that wrap around the scission site to constrict and sever the mitochondrial membrane through a GTP hydrolysis-dependent mechanism. The specific recruitment at scission sites is mediated by membrane receptors like MFF, MIEF1 and MIEF2 for mitochondrial membranes. While the recruitment by the membrane receptors is GTP- dependent, the following hydrolysis of GTP induces the dissociation from the receptors and allows DNM1 [...] (716 aa) |
| | Ddit3-2 | DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein. (34 aa) |
| | Pi4ka | Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha; Acts on phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) in the first committed step in the production of the second messenger inositol-1,4,5,- trisphosphate; Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. Type III PI4K subfamily. (2044 aa) |
