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| | Itgb2 | Integrin beta-2; Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for ICAM1, ICAM2, ICAM3 and ICAM4. Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is also a receptor for the secreted form of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15; the interaction is mediated by ITGAL (By similarity). Integrins ITGAM/ITGB2 and ITGAX/ITGB2 are receptors for the iC3b fragment of the third complement component and for fibrinogen. Integrin ITGAX/ITGB2 recognizes the sequence G-P-R in fibrinogen alpha-chain. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 recognizes P1 and P2 peptides of fibrinogen gamma chain. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is also a receptor for factor X. Integrin ITGAD/ITG [...] (770 aa) |
| | Grk6 | G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6; Specifically phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein- coupled receptors. Such receptor phosphorylation initiates beta- arrestin-mediated receptor desensitization, internalization, and signaling events leading to their desensitization. Seems to be involved in the desensitization of D2-like dopamine receptors in striatum and chemokine receptor CXCR4 which is critical for CXCL12-induced cell chemotaxis (By similarity). Phosphorylates rhodopsin (RHO) (in vitro) and a non G-protein-coupled receptor, LRP6 during Wnt signaling (in vitro) (By similarity). (589 aa) |
| | Tbx21 | T-box transcription factor TBX21; Lineage-defining transcription factor which initiates Th1 lineage development from naive Th precursor cells both by activating Th1 genetic programs and by repressing the opposing Th2 and Th17 genetic programs. Activates transcription of a set of genes important for Th1 cell function, including those encoding IFN-gamma and the chemokine receptor CXCR3. Activates IFNG and CXCR3 genes in part by recruiting chromatin remodeling complexes including KDM6B, a SMARCA4- containing SWI/SNF-complex, and an H3K4me2-methyltransferase complex to their promoters and [...] (530 aa) |
| | Def6 | Differentially expressed in FDCP 6; Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which plays a role in the activation of Rho GTPases RAC1, RhoA and CDC42. Can regulate cell morphology in cooperation with activated RAC1. Plays a role in Th2 (T helper cells) development and/or activation, perhaps by interfering with ZAP70 signaling. Required for optimal T-cell effector function, lymphocyte homeostasis and the prevention of systemic autoimmunity (By similarity). (630 aa) |
| | Ptpn6 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6; Modulates signaling by tyrosine phosphorylated cell surface receptors such as KIT and the EGF receptor/EGFR. The SH2 regions may interact with other cellular components to modulate its own phosphatase activity against interacting substrates. Together with MTUS1, induces UBE2V2 expression upon angiotensin II stimulation. Plays a key role in hematopoiesis; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class 2 subfamily. (597 aa) |
| | Traf6 | TNF receptor-associated factor 6; E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with UBE2N and UBE2V1, mediates the synthesis of 'Lys-63'-linked-polyubiquitin chains conjugated to proteins, such as IKBKG, IRAK1, AKT1 and AKT2. Also mediates ubiquitination of free/unanchored polyubiquitin chain that leads to MAP3K7 activation (By similarity). Leads to the activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. May be essential for the formation of functional osteoclasts. Seems to also play a role in dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and/or activation. Represses c-Myb-mediated transactivation, in B-lymphocytes. Adapter p [...] (530 aa) |
| | Vav1 | Proto-oncogene vav; Couples tyrosine kinase signals with the activation of the Rho/Rac GTPases, thus leading to cell differentiation and/or proliferation. (845 aa) |
| | Id3 | DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-3; Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation. Involved in myogenesis by inhibiting skeletal muscle and cardiac myocyte differentiation and promoting muscle precursor cells proliferation. Inhibits the [...] (119 aa) |
| | Pax5 | Paired box protein Pax-5; May play an important role in B-cell differentiation as well as neural development and spermatogenesis. Involved in the regulation of the CD19 gene, a B-lymphoid-specific target gene. (391 aa) |
| | Tmprss6 | Transmembrane protease serine 6; Serine protease which hydrolyzes a range of proteins including type I collagen, fibronectin and fibrinogen. Can also activate urokinase-type plasminogen activator with low efficiency. May play a specialized role in matrix remodeling processes in liver. Through the cleavage of HJV, a regulator of the expression of the iron absorption-regulating hormone hepicidin/HAMP, plays a role in iron homeostasis. (811 aa) |
| | Stk4 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 18kDa subunit; Stress-activated, pro-apoptotic kinase which, following caspase-cleavage, enters the nucleus and induces chromatin condensation followed by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Key component of the Hippo signaling pathway which plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regul [...] (487 aa) |
| | Tnfsf13 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF13B/TACI and to TNFRSF17/BCMA. Plays a role in the regulation of tumor cell growth. May be involved in monocyte/macrophage-mediated immunological processes. (240 aa) |
| | Cd22 | B-cell receptor CD22; Mediates B-cell B-cell interactions. May be involved in the localization of B-cells in lymphoid tissues. Binds sialylated glycoproteins; one of which is CD45. Preferentially binds to alpha-2,6- linked sialic acid. The sialic acid recognition site can be masked by cis interactions with sialic acids on the same cell surface. Upon ligand induced tyrosine phosphorylation in the immune response seems to be involved in regulation of B-cell antigen receptor signaling. Plays a role in positive regulation through interaction with Src family tyrosine kinases and may also ac [...] (868 aa) |
| | Nfkbia | NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha; Inhibits the activity of dimeric NF-kappa-B/REL complexes by trapping REL dimers in the cytoplasm through masking of their nuclear localization signals. On cellular stimulation by immune and proinflammatory responses, becomes phosphorylated promoting ubiquitination and degradation, enabling the dimeric RELA to translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription. (314 aa) |
| | Prkch | Protein kinase C eta type; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation in keratinocytes and pre-B cell receptor, mediates regulation of epithelial tight junction integrity and foam cell formation, and is required for glioblastoma proliferation and apoptosis prevention in MCF-7 cells. In keratinocytes, binds and activates the tyrosine kinase FYN, which in turn blocks epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and leads to keratinocyte growth arrest and differentia [...] (683 aa) |
| | Dnajc3 | DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3; Involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Acts as a negative regulator of the EIF2AK4/GCN2 kinase activity by preventing the phosphorylation of eIF- 2-alpha at 'Ser-52' and hence attenuating general protein synthesis under ER stress, hypothermic and amino acid starving stress conditions. Co-chaperone of HSPA8/HSC70, it stimulates its ATPase activity. May inhibit both the autophosphorylation of EIF2AK2/PKR and the ability of EIF2AK2 to catalyze phosphorylation of the EIF2A. May inhibit EIF2AK3/PERK activi [...] (504 aa) |
| | Prkdc | DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a molecular sensor for DNA damage (By similarity). Involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break (DSB) repair and V(D)J recombination (By similarity). Must be bound to DNA to express its catalytic properties (By similarity). Promotes processing of hairpin DNA structures in V(D)J recombination by activation of the hairpin endonuclease artemis (DCLRE1C) (By similarity). The assembly of the DNA-PK complex at DNA ends is also required for the NHEJ ligation step [...] (4128 aa) |
| | Lmbr1l | Protein LMBR1L; Plays an essential role in lymphocyte development by negatively regulating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In association with UBAC2 and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase AMFR, promotes the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of CTNNB1 and Wnt receptors FZD6 and LRP6. LMBR1L stabilizes the beta-catenin destruction complex that is required for regulating CTNNB1 levels. Acts as a LCN1 receptor and can mediate its endocytosis (By similarity); Belongs to the LIMR family. (489 aa) |
| | Tap2 | Antigen peptide transporter 2; Involved in the transport of antigens from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum for association with MHC class I molecules. Also acts as a molecular scaffold for the final stage of MHC class I folding, namely the binding of peptide. Nascent MHC class I molecules associate with TAP via tapasin (By similarity); Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCB family. MHC peptide exporter (TC 3.A.1.209) subfamily. (702 aa) |
| | Tnf | Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...] (235 aa) |
| | Diaph1 | Protein diaphanous homolog 1; Actin nucleation and elongation factor required for the assembly of F-actin structures, such as actin cables and stress fibers. Binds to the barbed end of the actin filament and slows down actin polymerization and depolymerization. Required for cytokinesis, and transcriptional activation of the serum response factor. DFR proteins couple Rho and Src tyrosine kinase during signaling and the regulation of actin dynamics. Functions as a scaffold protein for MAPRE1 and APC to stabilize microtubules and promote cell migration. Has neurite outgrowth promoting act [...] (1264 aa) |
| | Fas | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6; Receptor for TNFSF6/FASLG. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. FAS-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen- stimulated suicide of mature T-cells, or both (By similarity). (327 aa) |
| | Dock8 | Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 8; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which specifically activates small GTPase CDC42 by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. During immune responses, required for interstitial dendritic cell (DC) migration by locally activating CDC42 at the leading edge membrane of DC. Required for CD4(+) T-cell migration in response to chemokine stimulation by promoting CDC42 activation at T cell leading edge membrane. Is involved in NK cell cytotoxicity controlling polarization of microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), and possibly regulating CCDC88B-mediated lyti [...] (2100 aa) |
| | Ctla4 | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4; Inhibitory receptor acting as a major negative regulator of T-cell responses. The affinity of CTLA4 for its natural B7 family ligands, CD80 and CD86, is considerably stronger than the affinity of their cognate stimulatory coreceptor CD28. (223 aa) |
| | Stk17b | Serine/threonine-protein kinase 17B; Acts as a positive regulator of apoptosis. Phosphorylates myosin light chains (By similarity); Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. DAP kinase subfamily. (372 aa) |
| | Zap70 | Tyrosine-protein kinase ZAP-70; Tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulation of the adaptive immune response. Regulates motility, adhesion and cytokine expression of mature T-cells, as well as thymocyte development. Contributes also to the development and activation of primary B- lymphocytes. When antigen presenting cells (APC) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), a serie of phosphorylations lead to the recruitment of ZAP70 to the doubly phosphorylated TCR component CD3Z through ITAM motif at the plasma membrane. This recruitment serves to localization to the stimulated TCR an [...] (618 aa) |
| | Xrcc5 | X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5; Single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent helicase. Has a role in chromosome translocation. The DNA helicase II complex binds preferentially to fork-like ends of double-stranded DNA in a cell cycle-dependent manner. It works in the 3'-5' direction. Binding to DNA may be mediated by XRCC6. Involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. The XRCC5/6 dimer acts as regulatory subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK by increasing the affinity of the catalytic s [...] (732 aa) |
| | Rassf5 | Ras association domain-containing protein 5; Potential tumor suppressor. Seems to be involved in lymphocyte adhesion by linking RAP1A activation upon T-cell receptor or chemokine stimulation to integrin activation. Isoform 2 stimulates lymphocyte polarization and the patch-like distribution of ITGAL/LFA-1, resulting in an enhanced adhesion to ICAM1. Together with RAP1A may participate in regulation of microtubule growth. The association of isoform 2 with activated RAP1A is required for directional movement of endothelial cells during wound healing (By similarity). May be involved in re [...] (413 aa) |
| | Parp1 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1; Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates poly-ADP- ribosylation of proteins and plays a key role in DNA repair. Mainly mediates glutamate and aspartate ADP-ribosylation of target proteins: the ADP-D-ribosyl group of NAD(+) is transferred to the acceptor carboxyl group of glutamate and aspartate residues and further ADP- ribosyl groups are transferred to the 2'-position of the terminal adenosine moiety, building up a polymer with an average chain length of 20-30 units. Mediates the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a number of proteins, including itself, APLF an [...] (1014 aa) |
| | Il2ra | Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha; Receptor for interleukin-2. The receptor is involved in the regulation of immune tolerance by controlling regulatory T cells (TREGs) activity. TREGs suppress the activation and expansion of autoreactive T-cells. (268 aa) |
| | Duoxa2 | Dual oxidase maturation factor 2; Required for the maturation and the transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane of functional DUOX2. May play a role in thyroid hormone synthesis (By similarity). Belongs to the DUOXA family. (320 aa) |
| | Ptpn22 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22; Acts as negative regulator of T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling by direct dephosphorylation of the Src family kinases LCK and FYN, ITAMs of the TCRz/CD3 complex, as well as ZAP70, VAV, VCP and other key signaling molecules (By similarity). Associates with and probably dephosphorylates CBL (By similarity). Dephosphorylates LCK at its activating 'Tyr-394' residue (By similarity). Dephosphorylates ZAP70 at its activating 'Tyr-492' residue (By similarity). Dephosphorylates the immune system activator SKAP2 (By similarity). Positively regulat [...] (802 aa) |
| | Rorc | Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma; Nuclear receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to ROR response elements (RORE) containing a single core motif half-site 5'-AGGTCA-3' preceded by a short A-T-rich sequence. Key regulator of cellular differentiation, immunity, peripheral circadian rhythm as well as lipid, steroid, xenobiotics and glucose metabolism. Considered to have intrinsic transcriptional activity, have some natural ligands like oxysterols that act as agonists (25-hydroxycholesterol) or inverse agonists (7-oxygenated sterols), enhancing or repressing the transcriptional activity, respective [...] (516 aa) |
| | Nfkb1 | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dime [...] (971 aa) |
| | Dck | Deoxycytidine kinase; Required for the phosphorylation of the deoxyribonucleosides deoxycytidine (dC), deoxyguanosine (dG) and deoxyadenosine (dA). (260 aa) |
| | Nup210 | Nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210; Nucleoporin essential for nuclear pore assembly and fusion, nuclear pore spacing, as well as structural integrity; Belongs to the NUP210 family. (1886 aa) |
| | Nfkbib | NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta; Inhibits NF-kappa-B by complexing with and trapping it in the cytoplasm. However, the unphosphorylated form resynthesized after cell stimulation is able to bind NF-kappa-B allowing its transport to the nucleus and protecting it to further NFKBIA-dependent inactivation. Association with inhibitor kappa B-interacting NKIRAS1 and NKIRAS2 prevent its phosphorylation rendering it more resistant to degradation, explaining its slower degradation. (359 aa) |
| | Lat | Linker for activation of T-cells family member 1; Required for TCR (T-cell antigen receptor)- and pre-TCR- mediated signaling, both in mature T-cells and during their development. Involved in FCGR3 (low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III)-mediated signaling in natural killer cells and FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor)-mediated signaling in mast cells. Couples activation of these receptors and their associated kinases with distal intracellular events such as mobilization of intracellular calcium stores, PKC activation, MAPK activation or cytoskeleta [...] (242 aa) |
| | Fgl1 | Fibrinogen-like protein 1; Immune suppressive molecule that inhibits antigen-specific T- cell activation by acting as a major ligand of LAG3. Responsible for LAG3 T-cell inhibitory function. Binds LAG3 independently from MHC class II (MHC-II). Secreted by, and promotes growth of, hepatocytes (By similarity). (314 aa) |
| | Irf2 | Interferon regulatory factor 2; Specifically binds to the upstream regulatory region of type I IFN and IFN-inducible MHC class I genes (the interferon consensus sequence (ICS)) and represses those genes. Also acts as an activator for several genes including H4 and IL7. Constitutively binds to the ISRE promoter to activate IL7. Involved in cell cycle regulation through binding the site II (HiNF-M) promoter region of H4 and activating transcription during cell growth. Antagonizes IRF1 transcriptional activation. (349 aa) |
| | Il15 | Interleukin-15; Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-lymphocytes. Stimulation by IL-15 requires interaction of IL-15 with components of IL-2R, including IL-2R beta and probably IL-2R gamma but not IL-2R alpha (By similarity). In neutrophils, stimulates phagocytosis probably by signaling through the IL15 receptor, composed of the subunits IL15RA, IL2RB and IL2RG, which results in kinase SYK activation (By similarity); Belongs to the IL-15/IL-21 family. (162 aa) |
| | St14 | Suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein homolog; Degrades extracellular matrix. Exhibits trypsin-like activity as defined by cleavage of synthetic substrates with Arg or Lys as the P1 site (By similarity). Involved in the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes through prostasin (PRSS8) activation and filaggrin (FLG) processing (By similarity). (855 aa) |
| | Nckap1l | Nck-associated protein 1-like; Essential hematopoietic-specific regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. Controls lymphocyte development, activation, proliferation and homeostasis, erythrocyte membrane stability, as well as phagocytosis and migration by neutrophils and macrophages. Component of the WAVE2 complex which signals downstream of RAC to stimulate F-actin polymerization. Required for stabilization and/or translation of the WAVE2 complex proteins in hematopoietic cells. Exhibits complex cycles of activation and inhibition to generate waves of propagating the assembly with actin. Al [...] (1134 aa) |
| | Rac2 | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses, such as secretory processes, phagocytose of apoptotic cells and epithelial cell polarization. Augments the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase. (192 aa) |
| | Zc3h12a | Endoribonuclease ZC3H12A; Endoribonuclease involved in various biological functions such as cellular inflammatory response and immune homeostasis, glial differentiation of neuroprogenitor cells, cell death of cardiomyocytes, adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Functions as an endoribonuclease involved in mRNA decay. Modulates the inflammatory response by promoting the degradation of a set of translationally active cytokine-induced inflammation-related mRNAs, such as IL6 and IL12B, during the early phase of inflammation. Prevents aberrant T-cell-mediated immune reaction by degradation of mul [...] (596 aa) |
| | Lepr | Leptin receptor; Receptor for hormone LEP/leptin (Probable). On ligand binding, mediates LEP central and peripheral effects through the activation of different signaling pathways such as JAK2/STAT3 and MAPK cascade/FOS. In the hypothalamus, LEP acts as an appetite- regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive fu [...] (1162 aa) |
| | Map3k7 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Plays an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by changes in the environment. Mediates signal transduction of TRAF6, various cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB), TGFB-related factors like BMP2 and BMP4, toll-like receptors (TLR), tumor necrosis factor receptor CD40 and B-cell receptor (BCR). Ceramides are also able to activate MAP3K7/TAK1. Once activated, acts as a [...] (606 aa) |
| | Tnfsf9 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 9; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF9. Induces the proliferation of activated peripheral blood T-cells. May have a role in activation- induced cell death (AICD). May play a role in cognate interactions between T-cells and B-cells/macrophages. (309 aa) |
| | Tent4a | Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 4A; Terminal nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes preferentially the transfert of ATP and GTP on RNA 3' poly(A) tail creating a heterogeneous 3' poly(A) tail leading to mRNAs stabilization by protecting mRNAs from active deadenylation (By similarity). Also functions as a catalytic subunit of a TRAMP-like complex which has a poly(A) RNA polymerase activity and is involved in a post- transcriptional quality control mechanism. Polyadenylation with short oligo(A) tails is required for the degradative activity of the exosome on several of its nuclear RNA sub [...] (542 aa) |
| | Zbtb1 | Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 1; Acts as a transcriptional repressor (By similarity). Represses cAMP-responsive element (CRE)-mediated transcriptional activation (By similarity). In addition, has a role in translesion DNA synthesis. Requires for UV-inducible RAD18 loading, PCNA monoubiquitination, POLH recruitment to replication factories and efficient translesion DNA synthesis (By similarity). Plays a key role in the transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development. (713 aa) |
| | Ddx58 | Antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I; Innate immune receptor that senses cytoplasmic viral nucleic acids and activates a downstream signaling cascade leading to the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Forms a ribonucleoprotein complex with viral RNAs on which it homooligomerizes to form filaments. The homooligomerization allows the recruitment of RNF135 an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that activates and amplifies the RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling in an RNA length-dependent manner through ubiquitination-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Up [...] (926 aa) |
| | Dicer1 | Endoribonuclease Dicer; Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) endoribonuclease playing a central role in short dsRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing. Cleaves naturally occurring long dsRNAs and short hairpin pre-microRNAs (miRNA) into fragments of twenty-one to twenty-three nucleotides with 3' overhang of two nucleotides, producing respectively short interfering RNAs (siRNA) and mature microRNAs. SiRNAs and miRNAs serve as guide to direct the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to complementary RNAs to degrade them or prevent their translation. Gene silencing mediated by siRNAs, al [...] (1906 aa) |
| | Pnp | Purine nucleoside phosphorylase; The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta- (deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine bases and pentose-1-phosphate. (289 aa) |
| | Grap2 | GRB2-related adaptor protein 2; Interacts with SLP-76 to regulate NF-AT activation. Binds to tyrosine-phosphorylated shc; Belongs to the GRB2/sem-5/DRK family. (322 aa) |
| | Lat2 | Linker for activation of T-cells family member 2; Involved in FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor)-mediated signaling in mast cells. May also be involved in BCR (B-cell antigen receptor)-mediated signaling in B-cells and FCGR1 (high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I)-mediated signaling in myeloid cells. Couples activation of these receptors and their associated kinases with distal intracellular events through the recruitment of GRB2. (203 aa) |
| | Tespa1 | Protein TESPA1; May play a role in the regulation of inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca(2+) release and mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake via the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) compartment (By similarity). Required for the development and maturation of T-cells, its function being essential for the late stages of thymocyte development. Plays a role in T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-mediated activation of the ERK and NFAT signaling pathways, possibly by serving as a scaffolding protein that promotes the assembly of the LAT signalosome in thymocytes. (458 aa) |
| | Dusp5 | Dual specificity protein phosphatase; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (384 aa) |
| | Cog6 | Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 6; Required for normal Golgi function. (657 aa) |
| | E2f2 | Transcription factor E2F2; Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3' found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The DRTF1/E2F complex functions in the control of cell-cycle progression from g1 to s phase. E2F2 binds specifically to RB1 in a cell-cycle dependent manner. (443 aa) |
| | Tnfsf15 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 15; Receptor for TNFRSF25 and TNFRSF6B. Mediates activation of NF-kappa-B. Inhibits vascular endothelial growth and angiogenesis (in vitro). Promotes activation of caspases and apoptosis (By similarity). Promotes splenocyte alloactivation; Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. (270 aa) |
| | Pik3r1 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha; Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. Necessary for the insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Plays an important role in signaling in response to FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KITLG/SCF, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Likewise, plays a role in ITGB2 signaling (By similarity). Modulates the cellular response to ER stress by promoting nucle [...] (724 aa) |
| | Il31ra | Interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha; Associates with OSMR to form the interleukin-31 receptor which activates STAT3 and to a lower extent STAT1 and STAT5. May function in skin immunity. Mediates IL31-induced itch, probably in a manner dependent on cation channels TRPA1 and TRPV1. Positively regulates numbers and cycling status of immature subsets of myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow in vivo and enhances myeloid progenitor cell survival in vitro. (716 aa) |
| | Jak3 | Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3; Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, or differentiation. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity and plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis during T-cells development. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors sharing the common subunit gamma such as IL2R, IL4R, IL7R, IL9R, IL15R and IL21R. Following ligand binding to cell surface receptors, phosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tails o [...] (1100 aa) |
| | Themis | Protein THEMIS; Plays a central role in late thymocyte development by controlling both positive and negative T-cell selection. Required to sustain and/or integrate signals required for proper lineage commitment and maturation of T-cells. Regulates T-cell development through T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling and in particular through the regulation of calcium influx and phosphorylation of Erk. (636 aa) |
| | Tgfbr2 | TGF-beta receptor type-2; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase forming with the TGF- beta type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, TGFBR1, the non- promiscuous receptor for the TGF-beta cytokines TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3. Transduces the TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes including cell cycle arrest in epithelial and hematopoietic cells, control of mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinoge [...] (592 aa) |
| | Nfil3 | Nuclear factor interleukin-3-regulated protein; Acts as a transcriptional regulator that recognizes and binds to the sequence 5'-[GA]TTA[CT]GTAA[CT]-3', a sequence present in many cellular and viral promoters. Represses transcription from promoters with activating transcription factor (ATF) sites (By similarity). Represses promoter activity in osteoblasts. Represses transcriptional activity of PER1. Represses transcriptional activity of PER2 via the B- site on the promoter. Activates transcription from the interleukin-3 promoter in T-cells (By similarity). Competes for the same consens [...] (462 aa) |
| | Cd8b1 | T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 beta chain; Integral membrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in the immune response and serves multiple functions in responses against both external and internal offenses. In T-cells, functions primarily as a coreceptor for MHC class I molecule:peptide complex. The antigens presented by class I peptides are derived from cytosolic proteins while class II derived from extracellular proteins. Interacts simultaneously with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC class I proteins presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). In turn, recruits the Src [...] (213 aa) |
| | Tg | Thyroglobulin; Acts as a substrate for the production of iodinated thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) (By similarity). The synthesis of T3 and T4 involves iodination of selected tyrosine residues of TG/thyroglobulin followed by their oxidative coupling (By similarity). Following TG re-internalization and lysosomal-mediated proteolysis, T3 and T4 are released from the polypeptide backbone leading to their secretion into the bloodstream (Probable). (2766 aa) |
| | Elmo1 | Engulfment and cell motility protein 1; Involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements required for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility. Acts in association with DOCK1 and CRK. Was initially proposed to be required in complex with DOCK1 to activate Rac Rho small GTPases. May enhance the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of DOCK1 (By similarity). (727 aa) |
| | Pepd | Xaa-Pro dipeptidase; Splits dipeptides with a prolyl or hydroxyprolyl residue in the C-terminal position. Plays an important role in collagen metabolism because of the high level of iminoacids in collagen; Belongs to the peptidase M24B family. Eukaryotic-type prolidase subfamily. (493 aa) |
| | Ikzf1 | DNA-binding protein Ikaros; Transcription regulator of hematopoietic cell differentiation. Binds gamma-satellite DNA. Binds with higher affinity to gamma satellite A. Plays a role in the development of lymphocytes, B- and T-cells. Binds and activates the enhancer (delta-A element) of the CD3-delta gene. Repressor of the TDT (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase) gene during thymocyte differentiation. Regulates transcription through association with both HDAC-dependent and HDAC-independent complexes. Targets the 2 chromatin-remodeling complexes, NuRD and BAF (SWI/SNF), in a single compl [...] (515 aa) |
| | Rag1 | V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1; Catalytic component of the RAG complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the DNA cleavage phase during V(D)J recombination. V(D)J recombination assembles a diverse repertoire of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in developing B and T- lymphocytes through rearrangement of different V (variable), in some cases D (diversity), and J (joining) gene segments. In the RAG complex, RAG1 mediates the DNA-binding to the conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) and catalyzes the DNA cleavage activities by introducing a double-strand break [...] (1040 aa) |
| | Lin28b | Protein lin-28 homolog B; Suppressor of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, including that of let-7 and possibly of miR107, miR-143 and miR-200c. Binds primary let-7 transcripts (pri-let-7), including pri-let-7g and pri-let-7a-1, and sequester them in the nucleolus, away from the microprocessor complex, hence preventing their processing into mature miRNA. Does not act on pri-miR21. The repression of let-7 expression is required for normal development and contributes to maintain the pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells by preventing let-7-mediated differentiation. When overexpressed, recr [...] (271 aa) |
| | Plcg2 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. It is a crucial enzyme in transmembrane signaling (By similarity). (1265 aa) |
| | Arpc1b | Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B; Component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex mediates the formation of branched actin networks in the cytoplasm, providing the force for cell motility. In addition to its role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, the Arp2/3 complex also promotes actin polymerization in the nucleus, thereby regulating gene transcription and repair of damaged DNA. The Arp2/3 complex promotes homologous recombination (HR) repair in response to DN [...] (372 aa) |
| | Lair1 | Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1; Functions as an inhibitory receptor that plays a constitutive negative regulatory role on cytolytic function of natural killer (NK) cells, B-cells and T-cells. Activation by Tyr phosphorylation results in recruitment and activation of the phosphatases PTPN6 and PTPN11. It also reduces the increase of intracellular calcium evoked by B-cell receptor ligation. May also play its inhibitory role independently of SH2-containing phosphatases. Modulates cytokine production in CD4+ T- cells, down-regulating IL2 and IFNG production while induc [...] (263 aa) |
| | Man2a1 | Alpha-mannosidase 2; Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of complex N-glycans. It controls conversion of high mannose to complex N- glycans; the final hydrolytic step in the N-glycan maturation pathway. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 38 family. (1150 aa) |
| | Tpp2 | Tripeptidyl-peptidase 2; Component of the proteolytic cascade acting downstream of the 26S proteasome in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. May be able to complement the 26S proteasome function to some extent under conditions in which the latter is inhibited (By similarity). Stimulates adipogenesis. (1262 aa) |
| | Il2rb | Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta; Receptor for interleukin-2. This beta subunit is involved in receptor mediated endocytosis and transduces the mitogenic signals of IL2. Probably in association with IL15RA, involved in the stimulation of neutrophil phagocytosis by IL15 (By similarity). (539 aa) |
| | Dock2 | Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 2; Involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements required for lymphocyte migration in response of chemokines. Activates RAC1 and RAC2, but not CDC42, by functioning as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which exchanges bound GDP for free GTP. May also participate in IL2 transcriptional activation via the activation of RAC2. (1828 aa) |
| | Zbtb16 | Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 16. (673 aa) |
| | Sept9 | Septin-9; Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase (By similarity). May play a role in cytokinesis (Potential); Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family. (583 aa) |
| | Ccl21a | C-C motif chemokine 21a; Inhibits hemopoiesis and stimulates chemotaxis. Chemotactic in vitro for thymocytes and activated T-cells, but not for B-cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. Potent mesangial cell chemoattractant. Shows preferential activity towards naive T-cells. May play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs; Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. (133 aa) |
| | Lig4 | DNA ligase 4; Efficiently joins single-strand breaks in a double-stranded polydeoxynucleotide in an ATP-dependent reaction. Involved in DNA nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. The LIG4-XRCC4 complex is responsible for the NHEJ ligation step, and XRCC4 enhances the joining activity of LIG4. Binding of the LIG4-XRCC4 complex to DNA ends is dependent on the assembly of the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK to these DNA ends. (911 aa) |
| | Il20rb | Interleukin 20 receptor beta. (308 aa) |
| | Arhgef1 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1; Seems to play a role in the regulation of RhoA GTPase by guanine nucleotide-binding alpha-12 (GNA12) and alpha-13 (GNA13) subunits. Acts as GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GNA12 and GNA13, and as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase. Activated G alpha 13/GNA13 stimulates the RhoGEF activity through interaction with the RGS-like domain. This GEF activity is inhibited by binding to activated GNA12. Mediates angiotensin-2-induced RhoA activation. Isoform 3 and isoform 4 do not homooligomerize and show an enhanced RhoGEF activity. (979 aa) |
| | Rasgrp1 | RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1; Functions as a calcium- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Ras through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Activates the Erk/MAP kinase cascade. Regulates T-cell/B-cell development, homeostasis and differentiation by coupling T-lymphocyte/B-lymphocyte antigen receptors to Ras. Regulates NK cell cytotoxicity and ITAM-dependent cytokine production by activation of Ras-mediated ERK and JNK pathways (By similarity). Functions in mast cell degranulation and cytokine secretion, regulating FcERI-evoked allergic [...] (795 aa) |
| | Dph6 | Diphthine--ammonia ligase; Amidase that catalyzes the last step of diphthamide biosynthesis using ammonium and ATP. Diphthamide biosynthesis consists in the conversion of an L-histidine residue in the translation elongation factor 2 (EEF2) to diphthamide (By similarity). Belongs to the Diphthine--ammonia ligase family. (267 aa) |
| | Tnip1 | TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1; Inhibits NF-kappa-B activation and TNF-induced NF-kappa-B- dependent gene expression by regulating A20/TNFAIP3-mediated deubiquitination of IKBKG; proposed to link A20/TNFAIP3 to ubiquitinated IKBKG. Involved in regulation of EGF-induced ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathway; blocks MAPK3/MAPK1 nuclear translocation and MAPK1- dependent transcription. Increases cell surface CD4(T4) antigen expression. Involved in the anti-inflammatory response of macrophages and positively regulates TLR-induced activation of CEBPB. Involved in the prevention of autoimmunity; this f [...] (647 aa) |
| | Cd3e | T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain; Part of the TCR-CD3 complex present on T-lymphocyte cell surface that plays an essential role in adaptive immune response. When antigen presenting cells (APCs) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), TCR- mediated signals are transmitted across the cell membrane by the CD3 chains CD3D, CD3E, CD3G and CD3Z. All CD3 chains contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their cytoplasmic domain. Upon TCR engagement, these motifs become phosphorylated by Src family protein tyrosine kinases LCK and FYN, resulting in the activation o [...] (189 aa) |
| | Rel | Proto-oncogene c-Rel; Proto-oncogene that may play a role in differentiation and lymphopoiesis. NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell types and is involved in many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferen [...] (588 aa) |
| | Dclre1c | Protein artemis; Required for V(D)J recombination, the process by which exons encoding the antigen-binding domains of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptor proteins are assembled from individual V, (D), and J gene segments. V(D)J recombination is initiated by the lymphoid specific RAG endonuclease complex, which generates site specific DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). These DSBs present two types of DNA end structures: hairpin sealed coding ends and phosphorylated blunt signal ends. These ends are independently repaired by the non homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to form coding and [...] (705 aa) |
| | Lexm | Lymphocyte expansion molecule. (414 aa) |
| | Cxcr2 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2; Receptor for interleukin-8 which is a powerful neutrophil chemotactic factor. Binding of IL-8 to the receptor causes activation of neutrophils. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Binds to IL-8 with high affinity. Also binds with high affinity to CXCL3, GRO/MGSA and NAP-2. (359 aa) |
| | Bach2 | Transcription regulator protein BACH2; Transcriptional regulator that acts as repressor or activator. Binds to Maf recognition elements (MARE). Plays an important role in coordinating transcription activation and repression by MAFK. Induces apoptosis in response to oxidative stress through repression of the antiapoptotic factor HMOX1 (By similarity). Positively regulates the nuclear import of actin. Is a key regulator of adaptive immunity, crucial for the maintenance of regulatory T-cell function and B-cell maturation ; Belongs to the bZIP family. CNC subfamily. (839 aa) |
| | Nlrp1a | NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 1a; As a potential sensor component of the NLRP1 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of Nlrp1b, CASP1, and possibly PYCARD. Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1-catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and secretion in the extracellular milieu. Activation of NLRP1 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion. The active cytokines and HMGB [...] (1182 aa) |
| | Itk | Tyrosine-protein kinase ITK/TSK; Tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulation of the adaptive immune response. Regulates the development, function and differentiation of conventional T-cells and nonconventional NKT-cells. When antigen presenting cells (APC) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), a series of phosphorylation lead to the recruitment of ITK to the cell membrane, in the vicinity of the stimulated TCR receptor, where it is phosphorylated by LCK. Phosphorylation leads to ITK autophosphorylation and full activation. Once activated, phosphorylates PLCG1, leading to the a [...] (625 aa) |
| | Bcl2l1 | Bcl-2-like protein 1; Potent inhibitor of cell death. Inhibits activation of caspases. Appears to regulate cell death by blocking the voltage- dependent anion channel (VDAC) by binding to it and preventing the release of the caspase activator, CYC1, from the mitochondrial membrane. Also acts as a regulator of G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosis. Isoform Bcl-X(S) promotes apoptosis; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (233 aa) |
| | Trp53bp1 | TP53-binding protein 1; Double-strand break (DSB) repair protein involved in response to DNA damage, telomere dynamics and class-switch recombination (CSR) during antibody genesis. Plays a key role in the repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) in response to DNA damage by promoting non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)- mediated repair of DSBs and specifically counteracting the function of the homologous recombination (HR) repair protein BRCA1. In response to DSBs, phosphorylation by ATM promotes interaction with RIF1 and dissociation from NUDT16L1/TIRR, leading to recruitment to DSBs s [...] (1969 aa) |
| | Tnfrsf9 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9; Receptor for TNFSF9/4-1BBL. Possibly active during T cell activation. (256 aa) |
| | Gk5 | Putative glycerol kinase 5. (516 aa) |
| | Bcl3 | B-cell lymphoma 3 protein homolog; Contributes to the regulation of transcriptional activation of NF-kappa-B target genes. In the cytoplasm, inhibits the nuclear translocation of the NF-kappa-B p50 subunit (By similarity). In the nucleus, acts as transcriptional activator that promotes transcription of NF-kappa-B target genes. Contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation. (448 aa) |
| | Fbxo7 | F-box only protein 7; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Recognizes BIRC2 and DLGAP5. Plays a role downstream of PINK1 in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) by targeting PRKN to dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria. Promotes MFN1 ubiquitination (By similarity). (523 aa) |
| | Unc93b1 | Protein unc-93 homolog B1; Plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity by regulating nucleotide-sensing Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Required for the transport of a subset of TLRs (including TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9) from the endoplasmic reticulum to endolysosomes where they can engage pathogen nucleotides and activate signaling cascades. May play a role in autoreactive B-cells removal. (619 aa) |
| | Ppp3cb | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform; Calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase which plays an essential role in the transduction of intracellular Ca(2+)-mediated signals. Dephosphorylates and activates transcription factor NFATC1. Dephosphorylates and inactivates transcription factor ELK1. Dephosphorylates DARPP32; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2B subfamily. (525 aa) |
| | Zc3h12c | Probable ribonuclease ZC3H12C; May function as RNase and regulate the levels of target RNA species. (903 aa) |
| | Inpp5d | Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 1; Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphatase that specifically hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) to produce PtdIns(3,4)P2, thereby negatively regulating the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathways (By similarity). Able also to hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. Acts as a negative regulator of B-cell antigen receptor signaling. Mediates signaling from the FC-gamma-RIIB receptor (FCGR2B), p [...] (1191 aa) |
| | Tnfsf12 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12, membrane form; Binds to FN14 and possibly also to TNRFSF12/APO3. Weak inducer of apoptosis in some cell types. Mediates NF-kappa-B activation. Promotes angiogenesis and the proliferation of endothelial cells. Also involved in induction of inflammatory cytokines. Promotes IL8 secretion (By similarity); Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. (249 aa) |
| | Ptprc | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C; Protein tyrosine-protein phosphatase required for T-cell activation through the antigen receptor. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation upon binding to DPP4. The first PTPase domain has enzymatic activity, while the second one seems to affect the substrate specificity of the first one. Upon T-cell activation, recruits and dephosphorylates SKAP1 and FYN (By similarity). Dephosphorylates LYN, and thereby modulates LYN activity. (1293 aa) |
| | Tcf12 | Transcription factor 12; Transcriptional regulator. Involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. Activates transcription by binding to the E box (5'-CANNTG-3'). (706 aa) |
| | Ncf2 | Neutrophil cytosol factor 2; NCF2, NCF1, and a membrane bound cytochrome b558 are required for activation of the latent NADPH oxidase (necessary for superoxide production). (525 aa) |
| | Casp8 | Caspase-8 subunit p10; Most upstream protease of the activation cascade of caspases responsible for the TNFRSF6/FAS mediated and TNFRSF1A induced cell death. Binding to the adapter molecule FADD recruits it to either receptor. The resulting aggregate called death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs CASP8 proteolytic activation. The active dimeric enzyme is then liberated from the DISC and free to activate downstream apoptotic proteases. Proteolytic fragments of the N-terminal propeptide (termed CAP3, CAP5 and CAP6) are likely retained in the DISC. Cleaves and activates CASP3, CA [...] (500 aa) |
| | Stat1 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signaling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to [...] (755 aa) |
| | Nub1 | NEDD8 ultimate buster 1; Specific down-regulator of the NEDD8 conjugation system. Recruits NEDD8, UBD, and their conjugates to the proteasome for degradation (By similarity). (638 aa) |
| | Hbs1l | HBS1-like protein. (682 aa) |
| | Ctsl | Cathepsin L1 heavy chain; Thiol protease important for the overall degradation of proteins in lysosomes (Probable). Involved in the solubilization of cross-linked TG/thyroglobulin and in the subsequent release of thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) by limited proteolysis of TG/thyroglobulin in the thyroid follicle lumen. Belongs to the peptidase C1 family. (334 aa) |
| | Pi4ka | Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha; Acts on phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) in the first committed step in the production of the second messenger inositol-1,4,5,- trisphosphate; Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. Type III PI4K subfamily. (2044 aa) |
| | Atm | Serine-protein kinase ATM; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon double strand breaks (DSBs), apoptosis and genotoxic stresses such as ionizing ultraviolet A light (UVA), thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]- Q. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX at double strand breaks (DSBs), thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Also plays a role in pre-B cell allelic exclusion, a process leading to expression of a single immunoglobulin heavy chain allele to enforce clonality and monospec [...] (3066 aa) |
| | Cdkn1a | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1; May be involved in p53/TP53 mediated inhibition of cellular proliferation in response to DNA damage. Binds to and inhibits cyclin- dependent kinase activity, preventing phosphorylation of critical cyclin-dependent kinase substrates and blocking cell cycle progression. Functions in the nuclear localization and assembly of cyclin D-CDK4 complex and promotes its kinase activity towards RB1. At higher stoichiometric ratios, inhibits the kinase activity of the cyclin D- CDK4 complex. Inhibits DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase delta by competing with POLD3 [...] (159 aa) |
