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| | Nlrc3 | Protein NLRC3; Negative regulator of the innate immune response. Attenuates signaling pathways activated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the DNA sensor STING/TMEM173 in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as intracellular poly(dA:dT), but not poly(I:C), or in response to DNA virus infection, including that of Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1). May affect TLR4 signaling by acting at the level of TRAF6 ubiquitination, decreasing the activating 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination and leaving unchanged the degradative 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitination. Inhibits the PI3K-AKT-mTOR [...] (1102 aa) |
| | Tbc1d23 | TBC1 domain family member 23; Putative Rab GTPase-activating protein which plays a role in vesicular trafficking. Involved in endosome-to-Golgi trafficking. Acts as a bridging protein by binding simultaneously to golgins, including GOLGA1 and GOLGA4, located at the trans-Golgi, and to the WASH complex, located on endosome-derived vesicles. Together with WDR11 complex facilitates the golgin-mediated capture of vesicles generated using AP-1 (By similarity). Plays a role in brain development, including in cortical neuron positioning. May also be important for neurite outgrowth, possibly t [...] (684 aa) |
| | Trim38 | Tripartite motif-containing 38. (471 aa) |
| | Pomc | Corticotropin-like intermediary peptide; [Corticotropin]: Stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol. [Melanocyte-stimulating hormone beta]: Increases the pigmentation of skin by increasing melanin production in melanocytes. [Met-enkephalin]: Endogenous opiate. (235 aa) |
| | Prf1 | Perforin-1; Plays a key role in secretory granule-dependent cell death, and in defense against virus-infected or neoplastic cells. Can insert into the membrane of target cells in its calcium-bound form, oligomerize and form large pores. Promotes cytolysis and apoptosis of target cells by facilitating the uptake of cytotoxic granzymes. (554 aa) |
| | Zg16 | Zymogen granule membrane protein 16; May play a role in protein trafficking. May act as a linker molecule between the submembranous matrix on the luminal side of zymogen granule membrane (ZGM) and aggregated secretory proteins during granule formation in the TGN (By similarity); Belongs to the jacalin lectin family. (167 aa) |
| | Ash1l | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASH1L; Histone methyltransferase specifically trimethylating 'Lys- 36' of histone H3 forming H3K36me3 (By similarity). Also monomethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me1) in vitro. The physiological significance of the H3K9me1 activity is unclear (Probable). (2958 aa) |
| | Rab27a | Ras-related protein Rab-27A; Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate homeostasis of late endocytic pathway, including endosomal positioning, maturation and secretion. Plays a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes. Required for both granule maturation and granule docking and priming at the immunologic synapse. (221 aa) |
| | Il6st | Interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta; Signal-transducing molecule. The receptor systems for IL6, LIF, OSM, CNTF, IL11, CTF1 and BSF3 can utilize IL6ST for initiating signal transmission. Binding of IL6 to IL6R induces IL6ST homodimerization and formation of a high-affinity receptor complex, which activates Janus kinases. That causes phosphorylation of IL6ST tyrosine residues which in turn activates STAT3. Mediates signals which regulate immune response, hematopoiesis, pain control and bone metabolism. Has a role in embryonic development. Does not bind IL6 (By similarity). Essential for [...] (917 aa) |
| | Atg7 | Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7; E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates ATG12 for its conjugation with ATG5 as well as the ATG8 family proteins for their conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Required for autophagic death induced by caspase-8 inhibition. Required for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria [...] (741 aa) |
| | Wwp2 | NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Polyubiquitinates POU5F1 by 'Lys-63'-linked conjugation and promotes it to proteasomal degradation; regulates POU5F1 protein level during differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs) but not in undifferentiated ECCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Ubiquitinates EGR2 and promotes it to proteasomal degradation; in T-cells the ubiquitination inhibits acti [...] (870 aa) |
| | Lrrc4c | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 4C; May promote neurite outgrowth of developing thalamic neurons. (640 aa) |
| | Inpp5d | Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 1; Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphatase that specifically hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) to produce PtdIns(3,4)P2, thereby negatively regulating the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathways (By similarity). Able also to hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. Acts as a negative regulator of B-cell antigen receptor signaling. Mediates signaling from the FC-gamma-RIIB receptor (FCGR2B), p [...] (1191 aa) |
| | Becn1 | Beclin-1-C 35 kDa; Plays a central role in autophagy. Acts as core subunit of different PI3K complex forms that mediate formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 (By similarity). Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K comp [...] (448 aa) |
| | Tnfaip8 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8; Acts as a negative mediator of apoptosis. Suppresses the TNF- mediated apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-8 activity but not the processing of procaspase-8, subsequently resulting in inhibition of BID cleavage and caspase-3 activation (By similarity). (212 aa) |
| | Ppargc1a | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Greatly increases the transcriptional activity of PPARG and thyroid hormone receptor on the uncoupling protein promoter. Can regulate key mitochondrial genes that contribute to the program of adaptive thermogenesis. Plays an essential role in metabolic reprogramming in response to dietary availability through coordination of the expression of a wide array of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Induces the expression of PERM1 in [...] (797 aa) |
| | Snrk | SNF-related serine/threonine-protein kinase; May play a role in hematopoietic cell proliferation or differentiation. Potential mediator of neuronal apoptosis (By similarity). (748 aa) |
| | Stk38 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase 38; Negative regulator of MAP3K1/2 signaling. Converts MAP3K2 from its phosphorylated form to its non-phosphorylated form and inhibits autophosphorylation of MAP3K2 (By similarity). (465 aa) |
| | Sh3bp2 | SH3 domain-binding protein 2; Binds differentially to the SH3 domains of certain proteins of signal transduction pathways. Binds to phosphatidylinositols; linking the hemopoietic tyrosine kinase fes to the cytoplasmic membrane in a phosphorylation dependent mechanism (By similarity). (615 aa) |
| | Foxp3 | Forkhead box protein P3, C-terminally processed; Transcriptional regulator which is crucial for the development and inhibitory function of regulatory T-cells (Treg). Plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system by allowing the acquisition of full suppressive function and stability of the Treg lineage, and by directly modulating the expansion and function of conventional T-cells. Can act either as a transcriptional repressor or a transcriptional activator depending on its interactions with other transcription factors, histone acetylases and deacetylases. The s [...] (429 aa) |
| | Il1rn | Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein; Inhibits the activity of interleukin-1 by binding to receptor IL1R1 and preventing its association with the coreceptor IL1RAP for signaling. Has no interleukin-1 like activity; Belongs to the IL-1 family. (178 aa) |
| | Trem2 | Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; Forms a receptor signaling complex with TYROBP which mediates signaling and cell activation following ligand binding. Acts as a receptor for amyloid-beta protein 42, a cleavage product of the amyloid-beta precursor protein APP, and mediates its uptake and degradation by microglia. Binding to amyloid-beta 42 mediates microglial activation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis and expression of pro- inflammatory cytokines, such as IL6R and CCL3, and the anti- inflammatory cytokine ARG1. Acts as a receptor for lipoprotein particles such as [...] (249 aa) |
| | Atg16l1 | Autophagy-related protein 16-1; Plays an essential role in autophagy: interacts with ATG12- ATG5 to mediate the conjugation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to LC3 (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B or MAP1LC3C), to produce a membrane-bound activated form of LC3 named LC3-II. Thereby, controls the elongation of the nascent autophagosomal membrane. Regulates mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS)-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) production (By similarity). Negatively regulates NOD1- and NOD2-driven inflammatory cytokine response. Instead, promotes with NOD2 an autophagy-dependent antibacterial pa [...] (623 aa) |
| | Tlr7 | Toll-like receptor 7; Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll- like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR7 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by single-stranded RNA. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. (1050 aa) |
| | Mavs | Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein; Required for innate immune defense against viruses. Acts downstream of DHX33, DDX58/RIG-I and IFIH1/MDA5, which detect intracellular dsRNA produced during viral replication, to coordinate pathways leading to the activation of NF- kappa-B, IRF3 and IRF7, and to the subsequent induction of antiviral cytokines such as IFN-beta and RANTES (CCL5). Peroxisomal and mitochondrial MAVS act sequentially to create an antiviral cellular state (By similarity). Upon viral infection, peroxisomal MAVS induces the rapid interferon-independent expression of def [...] (503 aa) |
| | Irf1 | Interferon regulatory factor 1; Transcriptional regulator which displays a remarkable functional diversity in the regulation of cellular responses. These include the regulation of IFN and IFN-inducible genes, host response to viral and bacterial infections, regulation of many genes expressed during hematopoiesis, inflammation, immune responses and cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of the cell cycle and induction of growth arrest and programmed cell death following DNA damage. Stimulates both innate and acquired immune responses through the activation of specific target [...] (329 aa) |
| | Trp53 | Cellular tumor antigen p53; Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Its pro-apoptotic activity is activated via its intera [...] (390 aa) |
| | Arrb2 | Beta-arrestin-2; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (421 aa) |
| | Cxcr2 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2; Receptor for interleukin-8 which is a powerful neutrophil chemotactic factor. Binding of IL-8 to the receptor causes activation of neutrophils. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Binds to IL-8 with high affinity. Also binds with high affinity to CXCL3, GRO/MGSA and NAP-2. (359 aa) |
| | Nfe2l2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; Transcription factor that plays a key role in the response to oxidative stress: binds to antioxidant response (ARE) elements present in the promoter region of many cytoprotective genes, such as phase 2 detoxifying enzymes, and promotes their expression, thereby neutralizing reactive electrophiles. In normal conditions, ubiquitinated and degraded in the cytoplasm by the BCR(KEAP1) complex. In response to oxidative stress, electrophile metabolites inhibit activity of the BCR(KEAP1) complex, promoting nuclear accumulation of NFE2L2/NRF2, hetero [...] (597 aa) |
| | Rhbdd3 | Rhomboid domain-containing protein 3. (385 aa) |
| | Nlrp3 | NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; As the sensor component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of NLRP3, PYCARD and CASP1 (or possibly CASP4/CASP11). Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1-catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and secretion in the extracellular milieu. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion. The active cytokines a [...] (1033 aa) |
| | Thbd | Thrombomodulin; Thrombomodulin is a specific endothelial cell receptor that forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with thrombin. This complex is responsible for the conversion of protein C to the activated protein C (protein Ca). Once evolved, protein Ca scissions the activated cofactors of the coagulation mechanism, factor Va and factor VIIIa, and thereby reduces the amount of thrombin generated. (577 aa) |
| | Elavl1 | ELAV-like protein 1; RNA-binding protein that binds to the 3'-UTR region of mRNAs and increases their stability. Involved in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation: preferentially binds mRNAs that are not methylated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), stabilizing them, promoting ESCs differentiation. Binds to poly-U elements and AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs. Binds avidly to the AU- rich element in FOS and IL3/interleukin-3 mRNAs. In the case of the FOS AU-rich element, binds to a core element of 27 nucleotides that contain AUUUA, AUUUUA, and AUUUUUA motifs. Binds [...] (326 aa) |
| | Ramp1 | Receptor activity-modifying protein 1; Transports the calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor (CALCRL) to the plasma membrane. Acts as a receptor for calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) together with CALCRL. Belongs to the RAMP family. (148 aa) |
| | Dusp22 | Dual specificity protein phosphatase 22; Activates the Jnk signaling pathway. Dephosphorylates and deactivates p38 and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK). (205 aa) |
| | Rubcn | Run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein; Inhibits PIK3C3 activity; under basal conditions negatively regulates PI3K complex II (PI3KC3-C2) function in autophagy. Negatively regulates endosome maturation and degradative endocytic trafficking and impairs autophagosome maturation process. Can sequester UVRAG from association with a class C Vps complex (possibly the HOPS complex) and negatively regulates Rab7 activation (By similarity). (956 aa) |
| | Ncoa3 | Nuclear receptor coactivator 3; Nuclear receptor coactivator that directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone- dependent fashion. Plays a central role in creating a multisubunit coactivator complex, probably via remodeling of chromatin. Involved in the coactivation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (GR and ER), retinoids (RARs and RXRs), thyroid hormone (TRs), vitamin D3 (VDR) and prostanoids (PPARs). Displays histone acetyltransferase activity. Also involved in the coactivation of the NF-kappa-B pathway via its interac [...] (1403 aa) |
| | Scarb1 | Scavenger receptor class B member 1; Receptor for different ligands such as phospholipids, cholesterol ester, lipoproteins, phosphatidylserine and apoptotic cells (By similarity). Both isoform 1 and isoform 2 act as receptors for HDL, mediating selective uptake of cholesteryl ether and HDL-dependent cholesterol efflux. Also facilitates the flux of free and esterified cholesterol between the cell surface and apoB-containing lipoproteins and modified lipoproteins, although less efficiently than HDL. May be involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, via its phosphatidylserine bindin [...] (509 aa) |
| | Hmgb1 | High mobility group protein B1; Multifunctional redox sensitive protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. In the nucleus is one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins and acts as a DNA chaperone involved in replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair and genome stability. Proposed to be an universal biosensor for nucleic acids. Promotes host inflammatory response to sterile and infectious signals and is involved in the coordination and integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the cytoplasm functio [...] (215 aa) |
| | Cebpb | CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta; Important transcription factor regulating the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Plays also a significant role in adipogenesis, as well as in the gluconeogenic pathway, liver regeneration, and hematopoiesis. The consensus recognition site is 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3'. Its functional capacity is governed by protein interactions and post-translational protein modifications. During early embryogenesis, plays essential and redundant functions with CEBPA. Has a promitotic effect on many cell types such as hepatocytes and adipo [...] (296 aa) |
| | Ghr | Growth hormone-binding protein; Receptor for pituitary gland growth hormone involved in regulating postnatal body growth. On ligand binding, couples to, and activates the JAK2/STAT5 pathway (By similarity). (650 aa) |
| | Timd4 | T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 4; Phosphatidylserine receptor that enhances the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Involved in regulating T-cell proliferation and lymphotoxin signaling. Ligand for HAVCR1/TIMD1. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. TIM family. (343 aa) |
| | Lif | Leukemia inhibitory factor; LIF has the capacity to induce terminal differentiation in leukemic cells. Its activities include the induction of hematopoietic differentiation in normal and myeloid leukemia cells, the induction of neuronal cell differentiation, and the stimulation of acute-phase protein synthesis in hepatocytes; Belongs to the LIF/OSM family. (203 aa) |
| | Fam49b | Protein FAM49B. (324 aa) |
| | March2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCHF2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may mediate ubiquitination of TFRC and CD86, and promote their subsequent endocytosis and sorting to lysosomes via multivesicular bodies. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfer the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. May be involved in endosomal trafficking through interaction with STX6. (287 aa) |
| | Junb | Transcription factor jun-B; Transcription factor involved in regulating gene activity following the primary growth factor response. Binds to the DNA sequence 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'; Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily. (344 aa) |
| | Ifng | Interferon gamma; Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. (155 aa) |
| | Crh | Corticoliberin; Hormone regulating the release of corticotropin from pituitary gland. Induces NLRP6 in intestinal epithelial cells, hence may influence gut microbiota profile. (187 aa) |
| | Ptpn11 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11; Acts downstream of various receptor and cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases to participate in the signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Positively regulates MAPK signal transduction pathway. Dephosphorylates GAB1, ARHGAP35 and EGFR. Dephosphorylates ROCK2 at 'Tyr-722' resulting in stimulatation of its RhoA binding activity. Dephosphorylates CDC73. (597 aa) |
| | Mc4r | Melanocortin receptor 4; Receptor specific to the heptapeptide core common to adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH. Plays a central role in energy homeostasis and somatic growth. This receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase (cAMP). (332 aa) |
| | Trafd1 | TRAF-type zinc finger domain-containing protein 1; Negative feedback regulator that controls excessive innate immune responses. Regulates both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and DDX58/RIG1-like helicases (RLH) pathways. May inhibit the LTR pathway by direct interaction with TRAF6 and attenuation of NF-kappa-B activation. May negatively regulate the RLH pathway downstream from MAVS and upstream of NF-kappa-B and IRF3. (580 aa) |
| | Lat2 | Linker for activation of T-cells family member 2; Involved in FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor)-mediated signaling in mast cells. May also be involved in BCR (B-cell antigen receptor)-mediated signaling in B-cells and FCGR1 (high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I)-mediated signaling in myeloid cells. Couples activation of these receptors and their associated kinases with distal intracellular events through the recruitment of GRB2. (203 aa) |
| | Senp1 | Sentrin-specific protease 1; Protease that catalyzes two essential functions in the SUMO pathway. The first is the hydrolysis of an alpha-linked peptide bond at the C-terminal end of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) propeptides, SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 leading to the mature form of the proteins. The second is the deconjugation of SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 from targeted proteins, by cleaving an epsilon-linked peptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of the mature SUMO and the lysine epsilon-amino group of the target protein. Deconjugates SUMO1 from HIPK2 (By similarity). Deconjug [...] (640 aa) |
| | Stx11 | Syntaxin-11; SNARE that acts to regulate protein transport between late endosomes and the trans-Golgi network. (287 aa) |
| | Tlr4 | Toll-like receptor 4; Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS- independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate. In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding t [...] (835 aa) |
| | Atg5 | Autophagy protein 5; Involved in autophagic vesicle formation. Conjugation with ATG12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3- like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. Involved in mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, and in subsequent cellular longevity. Plays a critical role in multiple aspects of lymphocyte development and is ess [...] (275 aa) |
| | Bag4 | BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 4; Inhibits the chaperone activity of HSP70/HSC70 by promoting substrate release. Prevents constitutive TNFRSF1A signaling (By similarity). Negative regulator of PRKN translocation to damaged mitochondria (By similarity). (457 aa) |
| | Lsm3 | U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm3; Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA. (102 aa) |
| | Itln1 | Intelectin-1a; Lectin that specifically recognizes microbial carbohydrate chains in a calcium-dependent manner. Binds to microbial glycans that contain a terminal acyclic 1,2-diol moiety, including beta-linked D-galactofuranose (beta-Galf), D-phosphoglycerol- modified glycans, D-glycero-D-talo-oct-2-ulosonic acid (KO) and 3- deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (KDO). Binds to glycans from Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including K.pneumoniae, S.pneumoniae, Y.pestis, P.mirabilis and P.vulgaris. Does not bind mammalian glycans. Probably plays a role in the defense system agains [...] (313 aa) |
| | Flt3 | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for the cytokine FLT3LG and regulates differentiation, proliferation and survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells and of dendritic cells. Promotes phosphorylation of SHC1 and AKT1, and activation of the downstream effector MTOR. Promotes activation of RAS signaling and phosphorylation of downstream kinases, including MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. Promotes phosphorylation of FES, FER, PTPN6/SHP, PTPN11/SHP-2, PLCG1, and STAT5A and/or STAT5B. Activation of wild-type FLT3 causes only m [...] (1000 aa) |
| | Lyn | Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that transmits signals from cell surface receptors and plays an important role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, hematopoiesis, responses to growth factors and cytokines, integrin signaling, but also responses to DNA damage and genotoxic agents. Functions primarily as negative regulator, but can also function as activator, depending on the context. Required for the initiation of the B-cell response, but also for its down-regulation and termination. Plays an important role in the regulation of B-c [...] (512 aa) |
| | Lepr | Leptin receptor; Receptor for hormone LEP/leptin (Probable). On ligand binding, mediates LEP central and peripheral effects through the activation of different signaling pathways such as JAK2/STAT3 and MAPK cascade/FOS. In the hypothalamus, LEP acts as an appetite- regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive fu [...] (1162 aa) |
| | Nckap1l | Nck-associated protein 1-like; Essential hematopoietic-specific regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. Controls lymphocyte development, activation, proliferation and homeostasis, erythrocyte membrane stability, as well as phagocytosis and migration by neutrophils and macrophages. Component of the WAVE2 complex which signals downstream of RAC to stimulate F-actin polymerization. Required for stabilization and/or translation of the WAVE2 complex proteins in hematopoietic cells. Exhibits complex cycles of activation and inhibition to generate waves of propagating the assembly with actin. Al [...] (1134 aa) |
| | Ldlr | Low-density lipoprotein receptor; Binds LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits; Belongs to the LDLR family. (862 aa) |
| | Nlrx1 | NLR family member X1; Participates in antiviral signaling; Belongs to the NLRP family. (975 aa) |
| | Il10ra | Interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha; Cell surface receptor for the cytokine IL10 that participates in IL10-mediated anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Upon binding to IL10, induces a conformational change in IL10RB, allowing IL10RB to bind IL10 as well. In turn, the heterotetrameric assembly complex, composed of two subunits of IL10RA and IL10RB, activates the kinases JAK1 and TYK2 that are constitutively associated with IL10RA and IL10RB respectively. These kinases then phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues in the intracellul [...] (575 aa) |
| | Psmb10 | Proteasome subunit beta type-10; The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit is involved in antigen processing to generate class I binding peptides. Plays a role in determining the T-cell repertoire for an antiviral T-cell response; Belongs to the peptidase T1B family. (273 aa) |
| | N4bp1 | NEDD4-binding protein 1; Inhibitor of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ITCH. Acts by interacting with the second WW domain of ITCH, leading to compete with ITCH's substrates and impairing ubiquitination of substrates. Belongs to the N4BP1 family. (893 aa) |
| | Smg1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SMG1; Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in both mRNA surveillance and genotoxic stress response pathways. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Plays a central role in nonsense- mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons by phosphorylating UPF1/RENT1. Recruited by release factors to stalled ribosomes together with SMG8 and SMG9 (forming the SMG1C protein kinase complex), and UPF1 to form the transient SURF (SMG1-UPF1-eRF1-eRF3) complex. In EJC-dependent NMD, the SURF complex associates with the exon junction compl [...] (3658 aa) |
| | Ctsc | Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 exclusion domain chain; Thiol protease. Has dipeptidylpeptidase activity. Can act as both an exopeptidase and endopeptidase. Can degrade glucagon. Plays a role in the generation of cytotoxic lymphocyte effector function; Belongs to the peptidase C1 family. (462 aa) |
| | Siglece | Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 12; Putative adhesion molecule that mediates sialic-acid dependent binding to cells. The sialic acid recognition site may be masked by cis interactions with sialic acids on the same cell surface. In the immune response, may act as an inhibitory receptor upon ligand induced tyrosine phosphorylation by recruiting cytoplasmic phosphatase(s) via their SH2 domain(s) that block signal transduction through dephosphorylation of signaling molecules. (467 aa) |
| | Ing4 | Inhibitor of growth protein 4; Component of the HBO1 complex which has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3 and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Through chromatin acetylation it may function in DNA replication. May inhibit tumor progression by modulating the transcriptional output of signaling pathways which regulate cell proliferation. Can suppress brain tumor angiogenesis through transcriptional repression of RELA/NFKB3 target genes when complexed with RELA. May also specifically suppress loss of contact [...] (248 aa) |
| | Usp18 | Ubl carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 18; Involved in the regulation of inflammatory response to interferon type 1. Can efficiently cleave only ISG15 fusions including native ISG15 conjugates linked via isopeptide bonds. Necessary to maintain a critical cellular balance of ISG15-conjugated proteins in both healthy and stressed organisms; Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. (368 aa) |
| | Wasl | Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein; Regulates actin polymerization by stimulating the actin- nucleating activity of the Arp2/3 complex. Involved in various processes, such as mitosis and cytokinesis, via its role in the regulation of actin polymerization. Together with CDC42, involved in the extension and maintenance of the formation of thin, actin-rich surface projections called filopodia. In addition to its role in the cytoplasm, also plays a role in the nucleus by regulating gene transcription, probably by promoting nuclear actin polymerization (By similarity). Binds to HSF1/HS [...] (501 aa) |
| | Smpdl3b | Acid sphingomyelinase-like phosphodiesterase 3b; Lipid-modulating phosphodiesterase. Active on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells and strongly influences macrophage lipid composition and membrane fluidity. Acts as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling. Has in vitro phosphodiesterase activity, but the physiological substrate is unknown. Lacks activity with phosphocholine-containing lipids, but can cleave CDP-choline, and can release phosphate from ATP and ADP (in vitro) ; Belongs to the acid sphingomyelinase family. (456 aa) |
| | Il6ra | Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha; Part of the receptor for interleukin 6. Binds to IL6 with low affinity, but does not transduce a signal. Signal activation necessitate an association with IL6ST. Activation may lead to the regulation of the immune response, acute-phase reactions and hematopoiesis. (460 aa) |
| | Procr | Endothelial protein C receptor; Binds activated protein C. Enhances protein C activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex; plays a role in the protein C pathway controlling blood coagulation. (242 aa) |
| | Sirt3 | NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase. Activates or deactivates mitochondrial target proteins by deacetylating key lysine residues. Known targets include ACSS1, IDH, GDH, PDHA1, SOD2, LCAD, SDHA and the ATP synthase subunit ATP5PO. Contributes to the regulation of the cellular energy metabolism. Important for regulating tissue-specific ATP levels. In response to metabolic stress, deacetylates transcription factor FOXO3 and recruits FOXO3 and mitochondrial RNA polymerase POLRMT to mtDNA to promote mtDNA transcription. Acts as a regulator of ceram [...] (257 aa) |
| | Otub1 | Ubiquitin thioesterase OTUB1; Hydrolase that can specifically remove compared to 'Lys-48'- linked conjugated ubiquitin from proteins and plays an important regulatory role at the level of protein turnover by preventing degradation. Regulator of T-cell anergy, a phenomenon that occurs when T-cells are rendered unresponsive to antigen rechallenge and no longer respond to their cognate antigen. Acts via its interaction with RNF128/GRAIL. Surprisingly, it regulates RNF128-mediated ubiquitination, but does not deubiquitinate polyubiquitinated RNF128. Deubiquitinates estrogen receptor alpha [...] (271 aa) |
| | Dusp1 | Dual specificity protein phosphatase 1; Dual specificity phosphatase that dephosphorylates MAP kinase MAPK1/ERK2 on both 'Thr-183' and 'Tyr-185', regulating its activity during the meiotic cell cycle; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (367 aa) |
| | Usp49 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 49; Specifically deubiquitinates histone H2B at 'Lys-120' (H2BK120Ub). H2BK120Ub is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and acts as a regulator of mRNA splicing. Deubiquitination is required for efficient cotranscriptional splicing of a large set of exons (By similarity); Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. (685 aa) |
| | Mep1a | Meprin A subunit alpha. (760 aa) |
| | March5 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCHF5; Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a crucial role in the control of mitochondrial morphology by acting as a positive regulator of mitochondrial fission. May play a role in the prevention of cell senescence acting as a regulator of mitochondrial quality control. Promotes ubiquitination of FIS1, DNM1L and MFN1. (278 aa) |
| | Sod1 | Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems; Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family. (154 aa) |
| | Itgb2 | Integrin beta-2; Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for ICAM1, ICAM2, ICAM3 and ICAM4. Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is also a receptor for the secreted form of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15; the interaction is mediated by ITGAL (By similarity). Integrins ITGAM/ITGB2 and ITGAX/ITGB2 are receptors for the iC3b fragment of the third complement component and for fibrinogen. Integrin ITGAX/ITGB2 recognizes the sequence G-P-R in fibrinogen alpha-chain. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 recognizes P1 and P2 peptides of fibrinogen gamma chain. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is also a receptor for factor X. Integrin ITGAD/ITG [...] (770 aa) |
| | Ptpn6 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6; Modulates signaling by tyrosine phosphorylated cell surface receptors such as KIT and the EGF receptor/EGFR. The SH2 regions may interact with other cellular components to modulate its own phosphatase activity against interacting substrates. Together with MTUS1, induces UBE2V2 expression upon angiotensin II stimulation. Plays a key role in hematopoiesis; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class 2 subfamily. (597 aa) |
| | Il27ra | Interleukin-27 receptor subunit alpha; Receptor for IL27. Requires IL6ST/gp130 to mediate signal transduction in response to IL27. This signaling system acts through STAT3 and STAT1. Involved in the regulation of Th1-type immune responses. Also appears to be involved in innate defense mechanisms. (623 aa) |
| | Cav1 | Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes (By similarity). Forms a stable heterooligomeric complex with CAV2 that targets to lipid rafts and drives caveolae formation. Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN proteins (CAVIN1/2/3/4) to the caveolae. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependen [...] (178 aa) |
| | Tnfaip8l2 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like protein 2; Acts as a negative regulator of innate and adaptive immunity by maintaining immune homeostasis. Negative regulator of Toll-like receptor and T-cell receptor function. Prevents hyperresponsiveness of the immune system and maintains immune homeostasis. Inhibits JUN/AP1 and NF-kappa-B activation. Promotes Fas-induced apoptosis. (184 aa) |
| | Cybb | Cytochrome b-245 heavy chain; Critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. It is the terminal component of a respiratory chain that transfers single electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH across the plasma membrane to molecular oxygen on the exterior. Also functions as a voltage-gated proton channel that mediates the H(+) currents of resting phagocytes. (570 aa) |
| | Il10 | Interleukin-10; Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in [...] (178 aa) |
| | Adora2b | Adenosine receptor A2b; Receptor for adenosine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (332 aa) |
| | Fis1 | Mitochondrial fission 1 protein; Involved in the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and its perinuclear clustering. Plays a minor role in the recruitment and association of the fission mediator dynamin-related protein 1 (DNM1L) to the mitochondrial surface and mitochondrial fission. May be not essential for the assembly of functional fission complexes and the subsequent membrane scission event. Can induce cytochrome c release from the mitochondrion to the cytosol, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Also mediates peroxisomal fission. (152 aa) |
| | Tnfaip3 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3; Ubiquitin-editing enzyme that contains both ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase activities. Involved in immune and inflammatory responses signaled by cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, or pathogens via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) through terminating NF-kappa-B activity. Essential component of a ubiquitin-editing protein complex, comprising also RNF11, ITCH and TAX1BP1, that ensures the transient nature of inflammatory signaling pathways. In cooperation with TAX1BP1 promotes disassembly of E2-E3 ubiquitin protein ligase complexes in [...] (775 aa) |
| | Ifngr1 | Interferon gamma receptor 1; Associates with IFNGR2 to form a receptor for the cytokine interferon gamma (IFNG). Ligand binding stimulates activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway (By similarity). (477 aa) |
| | Tbk1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1; Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to foreign agents. Following activation of toll-like receptors by viral or bacterial components, associates with TRAF3 and TANK and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) IRF3 and IRF7 as well as DDX3X (By similarity). This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the IRFs leading to transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes including IFNA and IFNB (By similarity). In order to establish such [...] (729 aa) |
| | Fos | Proto-oncogene c-Fos; Nuclear phosphoprotein which forms a tight but non-covalently linked complex with the JUN/AP-1 transcription factor. On TGF-beta activation, forms a multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex, at the AP1/SMAD-binding site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated signaling (By similarity). Has a critical function in regulating the development of cells destined to form and maintain the skeleton. It is thought to have an important role in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation. In growing cells, activates phospholipid synthesis, possibly by activating CDS1 and [...] (380 aa) |
| | Pcsk1 | Neuroendocrine convertase 1; Involved in the processing of hormone and other protein precursors at sites comprised of pairs of basic amino acid residues. Substrates include POMC, renin, enkephalin, dynorphin, somatostatin, insulin and AGRP. (753 aa) |
