STRINGSTRING
Ccdc62 Ccdc62 Sept12 Sept12 Ulk4 Ulk4 Dpy19l2 Dpy19l2 Baz1a Baz1a Cmtm4 Cmtm4 Agfg1 Agfg1 Scgb3a2 Scgb3a2 Cabyr Cabyr Oaz3 Oaz3 Eno4 Eno4 Zfp42 Zfp42 Csnk2a2 Csnk2a2 Cfap54 Cfap54 Cenpj Cenpj Qk Qk Dnah8 Dnah8 Tctn2 Tctn2 Kif3a Kif3a Sirt1 Sirt1 Ahr Ahr Iqcg Iqcg Slc26a8 Slc26a8 Cetn2 Cetn2 Odf2 Odf2 Tcte1 Tcte1 Adgrg2 Adgrg2 Pdcd6ip Pdcd6ip Neurl1a Neurl1a Tctn1 Tctn1 Clip1 Clip1 Atp1a4 Atp1a4 Prnd Prnd Mkks Mkks Atmin Atmin Foxn1 Foxn1 Fhl5 Fhl5 Dcun1d1 Dcun1d1 Bbs7 Bbs7 Ift80 Ift80 Pip5k1a Pip5k1a Stk33 Stk33 Lrp8 Lrp8 Ccp110 Ccp110 Cep131 Cep131 Esr1 Esr1 Col18a1 Col18a1 Dnaic1 Dnaic1 Cfap157 Cfap157 B9d1 B9d1 Tekt2 Tekt2 Ppp1cc Ppp1cc Ttll9 Ttll9 Cfap44 Cfap44 Arl6 Arl6 Brwd1 Brwd1 Sox2 Sox2 Gm3417 Gm3417 Gpx4 Gpx4 Grid2 Grid2 Egr4 Egr4 Tmf1 Tmf1 Ccnyl1 Ccnyl1 Cfap65 Cfap65 Ranbp9 Ranbp9 Tbx6 Tbx6 Qrich2 Qrich2 Slc22a14 Slc22a14 Ap1g1 Ap1g1 Pick1 Pick1 Rimbp3 Rimbp3 Bscl2 Bscl2 Pih1d3 Pih1d3 4833427G06Rik 4833427G06Rik Rfx3 Rfx3 Ptbp1 Ptbp1 Armc2 Armc2 Mkrn2 Mkrn2 Gmcl1 Gmcl1 Ift46 Ift46 Krt19 Krt19 Tssk4 Tssk4 Vdac3 Vdac3 Dynll1 Dynll1 Spatc1l Spatc1l Taf7l Taf7l Zmynd10 Zmynd10 Pifo Pifo Cfap97d1 Cfap97d1 Dll1 Dll1 Cul4a Cul4a Ttll1 Ttll1 Sept4 Sept4 Gopc Gopc Ros1 Ros1 Herc4 Herc4 Tysnd1 Tysnd1 Zpbp Zpbp Tpgs1 Tpgs1 Theg Theg Ube2b Ube2b Dnaaf2 Dnaaf2 Adam7 Adam7 Cby1 Cby1 Rabl2 Rabl2 Spag6l Spag6l Rsph9 Rsph9 Prss21 Prss21 Tekt4 Tekt4 Dync2li1 Dync2li1 Npc1 Npc1 Cyp17a1 Cyp17a1 Bbs4 Bbs4 Katnal2 Katnal2 Taldo1 Taldo1 Ica1l Ica1l Tnp1 Tnp1 Adcy10 Adcy10 Gorasp2 Gorasp2 Ttbk2 Ttbk2 Nphp1 Nphp1 Kif3b Kif3b Sun5 Sun5 Ccdc39 Ccdc39 Nup210l Nup210l Mfsd14a Mfsd14a Spaca1 Spaca1 Cfap206 Cfap206 Ppp3r2 Ppp3r2 Invs Invs Hook1 Hook1 Nsun7 Nsun7 Gnrhr Gnrhr Golga3 Golga3 Wasl Wasl Figla Figla Mbd4 Mbd4 Fkbp4 Fkbp4 Oca2 Oca2 Cdk16 Cdk16 Ido1 Ido1 Pmfbp1 Pmfbp1 Bbs2 Bbs2 Arl2bp Arl2bp Katnb1 Katnb1 Jhy Jhy Mns1 Mns1 Ttc21a Ttc21a Spef2 Spef2 Smap2 Smap2 Fam170a Fam170a Spag4 Spag4 Rxrb Rxrb Spata6 Spata6 Foxj1 Foxj1 Fshr Fshr Cnbd2 Cnbd2 Ttc29 Ttc29 Tekt3 Tekt3 Traf3ip1 Traf3ip1 Spata20 Spata20 Scgb3a1 Scgb3a1 Spata16 Spata16 Cluap1 Cluap1 Mks1 Mks1 Ift122 Ift122 Gm17018 Gm17018 Hydin Hydin Rsph6a Rsph6a Camk4 Camk4 Ift57 Ift57 Cc2d2a Cc2d2a Ttll5 Ttll5 Ift172 Ift172 Ccdc63 Ccdc63 Akap4 Akap4 Rfx4 Rfx4 Gk2 Gk2 Tmem67 Tmem67 Ar Ar Tnp2 Tnp2 Cfap69 Cfap69 Drc7 Drc7 Cdc42 Cdc42 Henmt1 Henmt1 Bbs1 Bbs1 Atat1 Atat1 Cetn1 Cetn1 Sstr3 Sstr3 Foxi1 Foxi1 Efcab9 Efcab9 C2cd3 C2cd3 Lrguk Lrguk Spink2 Spink2 Gykl1 Gykl1 Ccdc88c Ccdc88c Osbp2 Osbp2 Pfdn5 Pfdn5 Pla2g3 Pla2g3 Vps13a Vps13a Spag16 Spag16 Meig1 Meig1 Cfap58 Cfap58 Gsk3a Gsk3a Nectin2 Nectin2 Tpte Tpte Ppp3cc Ppp3cc Nme5 Nme5 Ing2 Ing2 Odf1 Odf1 Kif19a Kif19a Dnah11 Dnah11 Wdr35 Wdr35 Stk36 Stk36 Zic3 Zic3 Noto Noto Gmnc Gmnc Efcab1 Efcab1 Intu Intu Slirp Slirp Cfap43 Cfap43 Kif6 Kif6 Ttc26 Ttc26 Selenop Selenop Cadm1 Cadm1 Bicc1 Bicc1 Dcaf17 Dcaf17 Pms2 Pms2 2700049A03Rik 2700049A03Rik Sgms1 Sgms1 Cnot7 Cnot7 Ccdc42 Ccdc42 Ift88 Ift88 Best1 Best1
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Ccdc62Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 62; Nuclear receptor coactivator that can enhance preferentially estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2 transactivation. Modulates also progesterone/PGR, glucocorticoid/NR3C1 and androgen/AR receptors transactivation, although at lower level; little effect on vitamin D receptor/VDR (By similarity). (701 aa)
Sept12Septin 12; Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family. (317 aa)
Ulk4Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK4; May be involved in the remodeling of cytoskeletal components, such as alpha-tubulin, and in this way regulates neurite branching and elongation, as well as cell motility; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. APG1/unc-51/ULK1 subfamily. (1275 aa)
Dpy19l2Probable C-mannosyltransferase DPY19L2; Probable C-mannosyltransferase that mediates C-mannosylation of tryptophan residues on target proteins. Required during spermatogenesis for sperm head elongation and acrosome formation (By similarity). (773 aa)
Baz1aBromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 1A; Component of the ACF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex, that regulates spacing of nucleosomes using ATP to generate evenly spaced nucleosomes along the chromatin. The ATPase activity of the complex is regulated by the length of flanking DNA. Also involved in facilitating the DNA replication process. BAZ1A is the accessory, non-catalytic subunit of the complex which can enhance and direct the process provided by the ATPase subunit, SMARCA5, probably through targeting pericentromeric heterochromatin in late S pha [...] (1552 aa)
Cmtm4CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 4; Acts as a backup for CMTM6 to regulate plasma membrane expression of PD-L1/CD274, an immune inhibitory ligand critical for immune tolerance to self and antitumor immunity. May protect PD- L1/CD274 from being polyubiquitinated and targeted for degradation. (208 aa)
Agfg1Arf-GAP domain and FG repeat-containing protein 1; Required for vesicle docking or fusion during acrosome biogenesis. May play a role in RNA trafficking or localization. (559 aa)
Scgb3a2Secretoglobin family 3A member 2; Secreted cytokine-like protein (By similarity). Binds to the scavenger receptor MARCO (By similarity). Can also bind to pathogens including the Gram-positive bacterium L.monocytogenes, the Gram- negative bacterium P.aeruginosa, and yeast (By similarity). Strongly inhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2G1B) activity. Seems to have anti-inflammatory effects in respiratory epithelium. Also has anti-fibrotic activity in lung. May play a role in fetal lung development and maturation. Promotes branching morphogenesis during early stages of lung development. In the p [...] (113 aa)
CabyrCalcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein; May function as a regulator of both motility- and head- associated functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. May bind calcium in vitro (By similarity). (453 aa)
Oaz3Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3; Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) antizyme protein that negatively regulates ODC activity and intracellular polyamine biosynthesis and uptake in response to increased intracellular polyamine levels. Binds to ODC monomers, inhibiting the assembly of the functional ODC homodimers. Does not target the ODC monomers for degradation, which allows a protein synthesis-independent restoration of ODC activity. Stabilizes AZIN2 by interfering with its ubiquitination. Involved in the translocation of AZNI2 from ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to the cytoso [...] (243 aa)
Eno4Enolase 4; Required for sperm motility, function and male fertility. May be involved in the normal assembly of the sperm fibrous sheath and provides most of the enolase activity in sperm. (618 aa)
Zfp42Zinc finger protein 42; Involved in the reprogramming of X-chromosome inactivation during the acquisition of pluripotency. Required for efficient elongation of TSIX, a non-coding RNA antisense to XIST. Binds DXPas34 enhancer within the TSIX promoter. Involved in ES cell self-renewal. (288 aa)
Csnk2a2Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoin [...] (350 aa)
Cfap54Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 54; Required for assembly and function of cilia and flagella. (3171 aa)
CenpjCentromere protein J; Plays an important role in cell division and centrosome function by participating in centriole duplication. Inhibits microtubule nucleation from the centrosome. Involved in the regulation of slow processive growth of centriolar microtubules. Acts as microtubule plus-end tracking protein that stabilizes centriolar microtubules and inhibits microtubule polymerization and extension from the distal ends of centrioles. Required for centriole elongation and for STIL-mediated centriole amplification. Required for the recruitment of CEP295 to the proximal end of new-born [...] (1344 aa)
QkProtein quaking; RNA-binding protein that plays a central role in myelinization. Also required for visceral endoderm function and blood vessel development. Binds to the 5'-NACUAAY-N(1,20)- UAAY-3' RNA core sequence. Acts by regulating pre- mRNA splicing, mRNA export, mRNA stability and protein translation, as well as cellular processes including apoptosis, cell cycle, glial cell fate and development. Required to protect and promote stability of mRNAs such as MBP and CDKN1B which promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation. Participates in mRNA transport by regulating the nuclear export of [...] (341 aa)
Dnah8Dynein heavy chain 8, axonemal; Force generating protein of respiratory cilia. Produces force towards the minus ends of microtubules. Dynein has ATPase activity; the force-producing power stroke is thought to occur on release of ADP. Involved in sperm motility; implicated in sperm flagellar assembly. (4731 aa)
Tctn2Tectonic-2; Component of the tectonic-like complex, a complex localized at the transition zone of primary cilia and acting as a barrier that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes. Required for hedgehog signaling transduction. (699 aa)
Kif3aKinesin-like protein KIF3A; Microtubule-based anterograde translocator for membranous organelles. Plus end-directed microtubule sliding activity in vitro. Plays a role in primary cilia formation. Plays a role in centriole cohesion and subdistal appendage organization and function. Regulates the formation of the subdistal appendage via recruitment of DCTN1 to the centriole. Also required for ciliary basal feet formation and microtubule anchoring to mother centriole. (701 aa)
Sirt1NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase that links transcriptional regulation directly to intracellular energetics and participates in the coordination of several separated cellular functions such as cell cycle, response to DNA damage, metabolism, apoptosis and autophagy. Can modulate chromatin function through deacetylation of histones and can promote alterations in the methylation of histones and DNA, leading to transcriptional repression (By similarity). Deacetylates a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, thereby regulating ta [...] (737 aa)
AhrAryl hydrocarbon receptor; Ligand-activated transcriptional activator. Binds to the XRE promoter region of genes it activates. Activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Involved in cell-cycle regulation. Likely to play an important role in the development and maturation of many tissues. Regulates the circadian clock by inhibiting the basal and circadian expression of the core circadian component PER1. Inhibits PER1 by repressing [...] (805 aa)
IqcgDynein regulatory complex protein 9; Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), a key regulator of ciliary/flagellar motility which maintains the alignment and integrity of the distal axoneme and regulates microtubule sliding in motile axonemes. Binds calmodulin when cellular Ca(2+) levels are low and thereby contributes to the regulation of calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4) activity; contributes to the regulation of CAMK4 signaling cascades (By similarity). Required for normal axoneme assembly in sperm flagella, normal sperm tail formation and f [...] (419 aa)
Slc26a8Testis anion transporter 1; Acts as a DIDS-sensitive anion exchanger mediating chloride, sulfate and oxalate transport. May fulfill critical anion exchange functions in male germ line during meiosis and hence may play a role in spermatogenesis. May be involved in a new regulatory pathway linking sulfate transport to RhoGTPase signaling in male germ cells. A critical component of the sperm annulus that is essential for correct sperm tail differentiation and motility and hence male fertility. May form a molecular complex involved in the regulation of chloride and bicarbonate ions fluxes [...] (999 aa)
Cetn2Centrin-2; Plays a fundamental role in microtubule organizing center structure and function. Required for centriole duplication and correct spindle formation. Has a role in regulating cytokinesis and genome stability via cooperation with CALM1 and CCP110 (By similarity). The XPC complex is proposed to represent the first factor bound at the sites of DNA damage and together with other core recognition factors, Xpa, RPA and the TFIIH complex, is part of the pre-incision (or initial recognition) complex. The XPC complex recognizes a wide spectrum of damaged DNA characterized by distortio [...] (172 aa)
Odf2Outer dense fiber protein 2; Seems to be a major component of sperm tail outer dense fibers (ODF). ODFs are filamentous structures located on the outside of the axoneme in the midpiece and principal piece of the mammalian sperm tail and may help to maintain the passive elastic structures and elastic recoil of the sperm tail. May have a modulating influence on sperm motility. Functions as a general scaffold protein that is specifically localized at the distal/subdistal appendages of mother centrioles. Component of the centrosome matrix required for the localization of PLK1 and NIN to th [...] (826 aa)
Tcte1Dynein regulatory complex subunit 5; Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) a key regulator of ciliary/flagellar motility which maintains the alignment and integrity of the distal axoneme and regulates microtubule sliding in motile axonemes. May play a role in the assembly of N-DRC (By similarity). Required for sperm motility. (498 aa)
Adgrg2Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor G2; Orphan receptor. Could be involved in a signal transduction pathway controlling epididymal function and male fertility. May regulate fluid exchange within epididymis. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (ADGR) subfamily. (1009 aa)
Pdcd6ipProgrammed cell death 6-interacting protein; Multifunctional protein involved in endocytosis, multivesicular body biogenesis, membrane repair, cytokinesis, apoptosis and maintenance of tight junction integrity. Class E VPS protein involved in concentration and sorting of cargo proteins of the multivesicular body (MVB) for incorporation into intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome. Binds to the phospholipid lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) which is abundant in MVBs internal membranes. The MVB pathway requires [...] (874 aa)
Neurl1aE3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEURL1; Plays a role in hippocampal-dependent synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Involved in the formation of spines and functional synaptic contacts by modulating the translational activity of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein CPEB3. Promotes ubiquitination of CPEB3, and hence induces CPEB3-dependent mRNA translation activation of glutamate receptor GRIA1 and GRIA2. Can function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase to activate monoubiquitination of JAG1 (in vitro), thereby regulating the Notch pathway. Acts as a tumor suppressor; i [...] (574 aa)
Tctn1Tectonic-1; Component of the tectonic-like complex, a complex localized at the transition zone of primary cilia and acting as a barrier that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes. Regulator of Hedgehog (Hh), required for both activation and inhibition of the Hh pathway in the patterning of the neural tube. During neural tube development, it is required for formation of the most ventral cell types and for full Hh pathway activation. Functions in Hh signal transduction to fully activate the pathway in the presence of high Hh levels and to rep [...] (593 aa)
Clip1CAP-Gly domain-containing linker protein 1; Binds to the plus end of microtubules and regulates the dynamics of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Promotes microtubule growth and microtubule bundling. Links cytoplasmic vesicles to microtubules and thereby plays an important role in intracellular vesicle trafficking. Plays a role macropinocytosis and endosome trafficking. (1391 aa)
Atp1a4Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4; This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients. Plays a role in sperm motility (By similarity); Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIC subfamily. (1032 aa)
PrndPrion-like protein doppel; Required for normal acrosome reaction and for normal male fertility. Can bind Cu(2+) (By similarity). (179 aa)
MkksMcKusick-Kaufman/Bardet-Biedl syndromes putative chaperonin; Probable molecular chaperone that assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis (By similarity). Plays a role in the assembly of BBSome, a complex involved in ciliogenesis regulating transports vesicles to the cilia. May play a role in protein processing in limb, cardiac and reproductive system development. May play a role in cytokinesis (By similarity). (570 aa)
AtminATM interactor; Transcription factor. Plays a crucial role in cell survival and RAD51 foci formation in response to methylating DNA damage. Involved in regulating the activity of ATM in the absence of DNA damage. May play a role in stabilizing ATM (By similarity). Binds to the DYNLL1 promoter and activates its transcription. (818 aa)
Foxn1Forkhead box protein N1; Transcriptional regulator which regulates the development, differentiation, and function of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) both in the prenatal and postnatal thymus. Acts as a master regulator of the TECs lineage development and is required from the onset of differentiation in progenitor TECs in the developing fetus to the final differentiation steps through which TECs mature to acquire their full functionality. Regulates, either directly or indirectly the expression of a variety of genes that mediate diverse aspects of thymus development and function, includin [...] (648 aa)
Fhl5Four and a half LIM domains protein 5; May be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Stimulates CREM transcriptional activity in a phosphorylation- independent manner (By similarity). (284 aa)
Dcun1d1DCN1-like protein 1; Part of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex for neddylation. Promotes neddylation of cullin components of E3 cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes. Acts by binding to cullin-RBX1 complexes in the cytoplasm and promoting their nuclear translocation, enhancing recruitment of E2-NEDD8 (UBE2M-NEDD8) thioester to the complex, and optimizing the orientation of proteins in the complex to allow efficient transfer of NEDD8 from the E2 to the cullin substrates. Involved in the release of inhibitory effets of CAND1 on cullin-RING ligase E3 complex assembly and activity (By simila [...] (259 aa)
Bbs7Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7 protein homolog; The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Firstly the BBSome associates with the ciliary membrane and binds to RAB3IP/Rabin8, the gua [...] (715 aa)
Ift80Intraflagellar transport protein 80 homolog; Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B, which is essential for the development and maintenance of motile and sensory cilia. (777 aa)
Pip5k1aPhosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 alpha; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4- phosphate (PtdIns4P) to form phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). PtdIns(4,5)P2 is involved in a variety of cellular processes and is the substrate to form phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5- trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3), another second messenger. The majority of PtdIns(4,5)P2 is thought to occur via type I phosphatidylinositol 4- phosphate 5-kinases given the abundance of PtdIns4P. Participates in a variety of cellular processes such as actin cytoskeleton organ [...] (547 aa)
Stk33Serine/threonine-protein kinase 33; Serine/threonine protein kinase which phosphorylates VIME. May play a specific role in the dynamic behavior of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton by phosphorylation of VIME. (491 aa)
Lrp8Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8; Cell surface receptor for Reelin (RELN) and apolipoprotein E (apoE)-containing ligands. LRP8 participates in transmitting the extracellular Reelin signal to intracellular signaling processes, by binding to DAB1 on its cytoplasmic tail. Reelin acts via both the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) and LRP8 to regulate DAB1 tyrosine phosphorylation and microtubule function in neurons. LRP8 has higher affinity for Reelin than VLDLR. LRP8 is thus a key component of the Reelin pathway which governs neuronal layering of the forebrain during embryonic brai [...] (870 aa)
Ccp110Centriolar coiled-coil protein of 110 kDa; Necessary for centrosome duplication at different stages of procentriole formation. Acts as a key negative regulator of ciliogenesis in collaboration with CEP97 by capping the mother centriole thereby preventing cilia formation. Also involved in promoting ciliogenesis. May play a role in the assembly of the mother centriole subdistal appendages (SDA) thereby effecting the fusion of recycling endosomes to basal bodies during cilia formation. Required for correct spindle formation and has a role in regulating cytokinesis and genome stability via [...] (1004 aa)
Cep131Centrosomal protein of 131 kDa; Component of centriolar satellites contributing to the building of a complex and dynamic network required to regulate cilia/flagellum formation. In proliferating cells, MIB1-mediated ubiquitination induces its sequestration within centriolar satellites, precluding untimely cilia formation initiation. In contrast, during normal and ultraviolet or heat shock cellular stress-induced ciliogenesis, its non-ubiquitinated form is rapidly displaced from centriolar satellites and recruited to centrosome/basal bodies in a microtubule- and p38 MAPK-dependent manner [...] (1059 aa)
Esr1Estrogen receptor; Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE- independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial a [...] (599 aa)
Col18a1Collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain; Probably plays a major role in determining the retinal structure as well as in the closure of the neural tube. Endostatin: Potently inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. May inhibit angiogenesis by binding to the heparan sulfate proteoglycans involved in growth factor signaling. Inhibits VEGFA isoform VEGF165-induced endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Seems to inhibit VEGFA-mediated signaling by blocking the interaction of VEGFA to its receptor KDR/VEGFR2. Modulates endothelial cell migration in an integrin-dependent manner [...] (1527 aa)
Dnaic1Dynein intermediate chain 1, axonemal; Part of the dynein complex of respiratory cilia. (701 aa)
Cfap157Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 157; Specifically required during spermatogenesis for flagellum morphogenesis and sperm motility. May be required to suppress the formation of supernumerary axonemes and ensure a correct ultrastructure ; Belongs to the CFAP157 family. (523 aa)
B9d1B9 domain-containing protein 1; Component of the tectonic-like complex, a complex localized at the transition zone of primary cilia and acting as a barrier that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes. Required for ciliogenesis and sonic hedgehog/SHH signaling; Belongs to the B9D family. (204 aa)
Tekt2Tektin-2; Structural component of ciliary and flagellar microtubules. Plays a key role in the assembly or attachment of the inner dynein arm to microtubules in sperm flagella and tracheal cilia. Forms filamentous polymers in the walls of ciliary and flagellar microtubules. Belongs to the tektin family. (430 aa)
Ppp1ccSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit; Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Dephosphorylates RPS6KB1. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density- asso [...] (323 aa)
Ttll9Probable tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL9; Probable tubulin polyglutamylase that forms polyglutamate side chains on tubulin. Acts when complexed with other proteins (Probable). By mediating tubulin polyglutamylation, plays a role in the establishment of microtubule heterogeneity in sperm flagella. (464 aa)
Cfap44Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 44; Flagellar protein involved in sperm flagellum axoneme organization and function; Belongs to the CFAP44 family. (1843 aa)
Arl6ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6; Involved in membrane protein trafficking at the base of the ciliary organelle (By similarity). Mediates recruitment onto plasma membrane of the BBSome complex which would constitute a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia (By similarity). Together with BBS1, is necessary for correct trafficking of PKD1 to primary cilia. Together with the BBSome complex and LTZL1, controls SMO ciliary trafficking and contributes to the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway regulation (By similarity). May regulate cilia assembl [...] (193 aa)
Brwd1Bromodomain and WD repeat-containing protein 1; May be a transcriptional activator. May be involved in chromatin remodeling. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required in the control of cell shape. (2304 aa)
Sox2Transcription factor SOX-2; Transcription factor that forms a trimeric complex with POU5F1 (OCT3/4) on DNA and controls the expression of a number of genes involved in embryonic development such as YES1, FGF4, UTF1 and ZFP206. Binds to the proximal enhancer region of NANOG. Critical for early embryogenesis and for embryonic stem cell pluripotency (By similarity). Downstream SRRT target that mediates the promotion of neural stem cell self-renewal. Keeps neural cells undifferentiated by counteracting the activity of proneural proteins and suppresses neuronal differentiation (By similarit [...] (319 aa)
Gm3417Tctex1 domain-containing protein 3; May be an accessory component of axonemal dynein and cytoplasmic dynein 1. Candidate for involvement in male sterility. (191 aa)
Gpx4Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; Essential antioxidant peroxidase that directly reduces phospholipid hydroperoxide even if they are incorporated in membranes and lipoproteins. Can also reduce fatty acid hydroperoxide, cholesterol hydroperoxide and thymine hydroperoxide (By similarity). Plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation. Required to prevent cells from ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death resulting from an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species. The presence of selenocysteine (Se [...] (253 aa)
Grid2Glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2; Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. Promotes synaptogenesis and mediates the D-Serine-dependent long term depression signals and AMPA receptor endocytosis of cerebellar parallel fiber- Purkinje cell (PF-PC) synapses through the beta-NRX1-CBLN1-GRID2 triad complex. (1007 aa)
Egr4Early growth response protein 4; Transcriptional regulator. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-GCGGGGGCG-3' (GSG). Activates the transcription of target genes whose products are required for mitogenesis and differentiation (By similarity); Belongs to the EGR C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (478 aa)
Tmf1TATA element modulatory factor; Potential coactivator of the androgen receptor. May play critical roles in two RAB6-dependent retrograde transport processes: one from endosomes to the Golgi and the other from the Golgi to the ER (By similarity). Mediates STAT3 degradation. (1091 aa)
Ccnyl1Cyclin Y-like 1. (291 aa)
Cfap65Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 65; May play a role in sperm motility. Belongs to the CFAP65 family. (1847 aa)
Ranbp9Ran-binding protein 9; May act as scaffolding protein, and as adapter protein to couple membrane receptors to intracellular signaling pathways. Acts as a mediator of cell spreading and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Core component of the CTLH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that selectively accepts ubiquitin from UBE2H and mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the transcription factor HBP1. May be involved in signaling of ITGB2/LFA-1 and other integrins. Enhances HGF-MET signaling by recruiting Sos and activating the Ras pathway. Enhances dihydrotesto [...] (710 aa)
Tbx6T-box transcription factor TBX6; T-box transcription factor that plays an essential role in the determination of the fate of axial stem cells: neural vs mesodermal. Acts in part by down-regulating, a specific enhancer (N1) of SOX2, to inhibit neural development. Seems to play also an essential role in left/right axis determination and acts through effects on Notch signaling around the node as well as through an effect on the morphology and motility of the nodal cilia. (436 aa)
Qrich2Glutamine-rich protein 2; Has an essential role in the formation of sperm flagella and flagellar structure maintainance. It acts as a suppressor of ubiquitination and degradation of proteins involved in flagellar development and motility. (592 aa)
Slc22a14Solute carrier family 22 (Organic cation transporter), member 14. (629 aa)
Ap1g1AP-1 complex subunit gamma-1; Subunit of clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex 1 that plays a role in protein sorting in the late-Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN) and/or endosomes. The AP complexes mediate both the recruitment of clathrin to membranes and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. (825 aa)
Pick1PRKCA-binding protein; Probable adapter protein that bind to and organize the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins containing some PDZ recognition sequence. Involved in the clustering of various receptors, possibly by acting at the receptor internalization level. Plays a role in synaptic plasticity by regulating the trafficking and internalization of AMPA receptors. May be regulated upon PRKCA activation. May regulate ASIC1/ASIC3 channel. Regulates actin polymerization by inhibiting the actin-nucleating activity of the Arp2/3 complex; the function is competetive w [...] (416 aa)
Rimbp3RIMS-binding protein 3; Component of the manchette, a microtubule-based structure which plays a key role in sperm head morphogenesis during late stages of sperm development. Important for male fertility ; Belongs to the RIMBP family. (1606 aa)
Bscl2Seipin; Is a regulator of lipid catabolism essential for adipocyte differentiation. Necessary for correct lipid storage and lipid droplets maintenance; may play a tissue-autonomous role in controlling lipid storage in adipocytes and in preventing ectopic lipid droplet formation in non-adipose tissues. May also be involved in the central regulation of energy homeostasis. (443 aa)
Pih1d3Protein PIH1D3; Plays a role in cytoplasmic pre-assembly of axonemal dynein. (218 aa)
4833427G06RikUPF0722 protein C11orf88 homolog; Belongs to the UPF0722 family. (168 aa)
Rfx3Transcription factor RFX3; Transcription factor required for ciliogenesis and islet cell differentiation during endocrine pancreas development. Essential for the differentiation of nodal monocilia and left-right asymmetry specification during embryogenesis. Required for the biogenesis of motile cilia by governing growth and beating efficiency of motile cells. Also required for ciliated ependymal cell differentiation. Together with RFX6, participates in the differentiation of 4 of the 5 islet cell types during endocrine pancreas development, with the exception of pancreatic PP (polypept [...] (749 aa)
Ptbp1Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1; Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing and in the regulation of alternative splicing events. Activates exon skipping of its own pre- mRNA during muscle cell differentiation. Binds to the polypyrimidine tract of introns. May promote RNA looping when bound to two separate polypyrimidine tracts in the same pre-mRNA. May promote the binding of U2 snRNP to pre-mRNA. Cooperates with RAVER1 to modulate switching between mutually exclusive exons during maturation of the TPM1 pre- mRNA. Represses the splicing of MAPT/Tau exon 10. (555 aa)
Armc2Armadillo repeat-containing protein 2; Required for sperm flagellum axoneme organization and function. Involved in axonemal central pair complex assembly and/or stability. (99 aa)
Mkrn2Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-2; E3 ubiquitin ligase catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. (416 aa)
Gmcl1Germ cell-less protein-like 1; Possible function in spermatogenesis. Enhances the degradation of MDM2 and increases the amount of p53 probably by modulating the nucleocytoplasmic transport. (524 aa)
Ift46Intraflagellar transport protein 46 homolog; Forms part of a complex involved in intraflagellar transport (IFT), the bi-directional movement of particles required for the assembly, maintenance and functioning of primary cilia. May play a role in chondrocyte maturation and skeletogenesis. (301 aa)
Krt19Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19; Involved in the organization of myofibers. Together with KRT8, helps to link the contractile apparatus to dystrophin at the costameres of striated muscle (By similarity). (403 aa)
Tssk4Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 4; [Isoform 1]: Serine/threonine kinase which is involved in male germ cell development and in mature sperm function. May be involved in the Cre/Creb signaling pathway. Phosphorylates CREB1 on 'Ser-133' in vitro and can stimulate Cre/Creb pathway in cells (By similarity). Phosphorylates CREM on 'Ser-116' in vitro. Phosphorylates ODF2 on 'Ser-95'. [Isoform 3]: Catalytically inactive. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (292 aa)
Vdac3Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3; Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane that allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules. (283 aa)
Dynll1Dynein light chain 1, cytoplasmic; Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. May play a role in changing or maintaining the spatial distribution of cytoskeletal structures (By similarity). Promotes transactivation functions of ESR1 and plays a role in the nuclear localization of ESR1; Belongs to th [...] (89 aa)
Spatc1lSperiolin-like protein; Belongs to the speriolin family. (342 aa)
Taf7lTranscription initiation factor TFIID subunit 7-like; Probably functions as a spermatogenesis-specific component of the DNA-binding general transcription factor complex TFIID, a multimeric protein complex that plays a central role in mediating promoter responses to various activators and repressors. May play a role in spermatogenesis; Belongs to the TAF7 family. (471 aa)
Zmynd10Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10; Plays a role in axonemal structure organization and motility. Involved in axonemal pre-assembly of inner and outer dynein arms (IDA and ODA, respectively) for proper axoneme building for cilia motility. May act by indirectly regulating transcription of dynein proteins (By similarity); Belongs to the ZMYND10 family. (440 aa)
PifoProtein pitchfork; During primary cilia disassembly, involved in cilia disassembly. Required specifically to control cilia retraction as well as the liberation and duplication of the basal body/centrosome. May act by stimulating AURKA activity at the basal body in a cell cycle- dependent manner. (246 aa)
Cfap97d1Uncharacterized protein CFAP97D1; Belongs to the CFAP97 family. (164 aa)
Dll1Dll1-derived cell-associated form; Transmembrane ligand protein of NOTCH1, NOTCH2 and NOTCH3 receptors that binds the extracellular domain (ECD) of Notch receptor in a cis and trans fashion manner. Following transinteraction, ligand cells produce mechanical force that depends of a clathrin-mediated endocytosis, requiring ligand ubiquitination, EPN1 interaction, and actin polymerisation; these events promote Notch receptor extracellular domain (NECD) transendocytosis and triggers Notch signaling through induction of cleavage, hyperphosphorylation, and nuclear accumulation of the intrace [...] (722 aa)
Cul4aCullin-4A; Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhibited by the association of the deneddylated cullin subunit with TIP120A/CAND1. The functional specificity of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex depends [...] (759 aa)
Ttll1Probable tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL1; Catalytic subunit of the neuronal tubulin polyglutamylase complex. Modifies alpha- and beta-tubulin, generating side chains of glutamate on the gamma-carboxyl groups of specific glutamate residues within the C-terminal tail of alpha- and beta-tubulin. (423 aa)
Sept4Septin-4; Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase. Forms a filamentous structure with SEPTIN12, SEPTIN6, SEPTIN2 and probably SEPTIN4 at the sperm annulus which is required for the structural integrity and motility of the sperm tail during postmeiotic differentiation (By similarity). May play a role in cytokinesis (Potential). May play a role in platelet secretion (By similarity). (478 aa)
GopcGolgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif-containing protein; Plays a role in intracellular protein trafficking and degradation. May regulate CFTR chloride currents and acid-induced ASIC3 currents by modulating cell surface expression of both channels. May also regulate the intracellular trafficking of the ADR1B receptor. May play a role in autophagy. Overexpression results in CFTR intracellular retention and degradation in the lysosomes. (455 aa)
Ros1Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS; Orphan receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that plays a role in epithelial cell differentiation and regionalization of the proximal epididymal epithelium. May activate several downstream signaling pathways related to cell differentiation, proliferation, growth and survival including the PI3 kinase-mTOR signaling pathway. Mediates the phosphorylation of PTPN11, an activator of this pathway. May also phosphorylate and activate the transcription factor STAT3 to control anchorage-independent cell growth. Mediates the phosphorylation and the activation [...] (2340 aa)
Herc4Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HERC4; Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in either protein trafficking or in the distribution of cellular structures. Required for spermatozoon maturation and fertility, and for the removal of the cytoplasmic droplet of the spermatozoon. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfer it to targeted substrates. (1049 aa)
Tysnd1Peroxisomal leader peptide-processing protease, 10 kDa form; Peroxisomal protease that mediates both the removal of the leader peptide from proteins containing a PTS2 target sequence and processes several PTS1-containing proteins. Catalyzes the processing of PTS1-proteins involved in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids (By similarity); Belongs to the peptidase S1B family. (568 aa)
ZpbpZona pellucida-binding protein 1; Plays a role in acrosome compaction and sperm morphogenesis. Is implicated in sperm-oocyte interaction during fertilization. Belongs to the zona pellucida-binding protein Sp38 family. (408 aa)
Tpgs1Tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit 1; May act in the targeting of the tubulin polyglutamylase complex. Required for the development of the spermatid flagellum. (303 aa)
ThegTesticular haploid expressed gene protein; May be involved (but not essential) in spermatogenesis. (375 aa)
Ube2bUbiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 B; Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In association with the E3 enzyme BRE1 (RNF20 and/or RNF40), it plays a role in transcription regulation by catalyzing the monoubiquitination of histone H2B at 'Lys- 120' to form H2BK120ub1. H2BK120ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, elongation by RNA polymerase II, telomeric silencing, and is also a prerequisite for H3K4me and H3K79me formation. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys-11'-, as well as 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiqui [...] (152 aa)
Dnaaf2Protein kintoun; Required for cytoplasmic pre-assembly of axonemal dyneins, thereby playing a central role in motility in cilia and flagella. Involved in pre-assembly of dynein arm complexes in the cytoplasm before intraflagellar transport loads them for the ciliary compartment. Belongs to the PIH1 family. Kintoun subfamily. (814 aa)
Adam7Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 7; May play an important role in male reproduction including sperm maturation and gonadotrope function. This is a non catalytic metalloprotease-like protein. (789 aa)
Cby1Protein chibby homolog 1; Inhibits the Wnt/Wingless pathway by binding to CTNNB1/beta- catenin and inhibiting beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation through competition with TCF/LEF transcription factors. Has also been shown to play a role in regulating the intracellular trafficking of polycystin-2/PKD2 and possibly of other intracellular proteins. Promotes adipocyte and cardiomyocyte differentiation. Belongs to the chibby family. (127 aa)
Rabl2Rab-like protein 2A; Plays an essential role in male fertility, sperm intra- flagellar transport, and tail assembly. Binds, in a GTP-regulated manner, to a specific set of effector proteins including key proteins involved in cilia development and function and delivers them into the growing sperm tail. (223 aa)
Spag6lSperm-associated antigen 6; Important for structural integrity of the central apparatus in the sperm tail and for flagellar motility. (507 aa)
Rsph9Radial spoke head protein 9 homolog; Probable component of the axonemal radial spoke head (By similarity). Radial spokes are regularly spaced along cilia, sperm and flagella axonemes. They consist of a thin stalk, which is attached to a subfiber of the outer doublet microtubule, and a bulbous head, which is attached to the stalk and appears to interact with the projections from the central pair of microtubules. (276 aa)
Prss21Testisin; Could regulate proteolytic events associated with testicular germ cell maturation; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (324 aa)
Tekt4Tektin-4; May be a structural component of the sperm flagellum. Contributes to normal sperm motility. (447 aa)
Dync2li1Cytoplasmic dynein 2 light intermediate chain 1; Required for correct intraflagellar transport (IFT), the bi- directional movement of particles required for the assembly, maintenance and functioning of primary cilia. Involved in the regulation of ciliary length (By similarity). Belongs to the dynein light intermediate chain family. (351 aa)
Npc1NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1; Intracellular cholesterol transporter which acts in concert with NPC2 and plays an important role in the egress of cholesterol from the endosomal/lysosomal compartment. Unesterified cholesterol that has been released from LDLs in the lumen of the late endosomes/lysosomes is transferred by NPC2 to the cholesterol-binding pocket in the N-terminal domain of NPC1. Cholesterol binds to NPC1 with the hydroxyl group buried in the binding pocket (By similarity). May play a role in vesicular trafficking in glia, a process that may be crucial for main [...] (1277 aa)
Cyp17a1Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in corticoid and androgen biosynthesis. Catalyzes 17-alpha hydroxylation of C21 steroids, which is common for both pathways. A second oxidative step, required only for androgen synthesis, involves an acyl-carbon cleavage. The 17-alpha hydroxy intermediates, as part of adrenal glucocorticoids biosynthesis pathway, are precursors of cortisol. Hydroxylates steroid hormones, pregnenolone and progesterone to form 17-alpha hydroxy metabolites, followed by the cleavage of the C17-C20 bond to form C19 steroids, [...] (507 aa)
Bbs4Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4 protein homolog; The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Firstly the BBSome associates with the ciliary membrane and binds to RAB3IP/Rabin8, the gua [...] (520 aa)
Katnal2Katanin p60 ATPase-containing subunit A-like 2; Severs microtubules in vitro in an ATP-dependent manner. This activity may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays; Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Katanin p60 subunit A1 subfamily. A-like 2 sub-subfamily. (409 aa)
Taldo1Transaldolase; Transaldolase is important for the balance of metabolites in the pentose-phosphate pathway. (337 aa)
Ica1lIslet cell autoantigen 1-like protein. (431 aa)
Tnp1Spermatid nuclear transition protein 1; Plays a key role in the replacement of histones to protamine in the elongating spermatids of mammals. In condensing spermatids, loaded onto the nucleosomes, where it promotes the recruitment and processing of protamines, which are responsible for histone eviction. The histone H2AB1-H2BC1/TH2B dimer is required for loading of TNP1 onto chromatin. (55 aa)
Adcy10Adenylate cyclase type 10; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP. May function as sensor that mediates responses to changes in cellular bicarbonate and CO(2) levels (By similarity). Has a critical role in mammalian spermatogenesis by producing the cAMP which regulates cAMP- responsive nuclear factors indispensable for sperm maturation in the epididymis. Induces capacitation, the maturational process that sperm undergo prior to fertilization. Involved in ciliary beat regulation (By similarity). Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family. (1614 aa)
Gorasp2Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2; Plays a role in assembly and membrane stacking of the Golgi cisternae, and in the process by which Golgi stacks reform after breakdown during mitosis and meiosis. May regulate the intracellular transport and presentation of a defined set of transmembrane proteins, such as transmembrane TGFA (By similarity). Required for normal acrosome formation during spermiogenesis and normal male fertility, probably by promoting colocalization of JAM2 and JAM3 at contact sites between germ cells and Sertoli cells. Mediates ER stress-induced unconventional (ER/Gol [...] (451 aa)
Ttbk2Tau-tubulin kinase 2; Serine/threonine kinase that acts as a key regulator of ciliogenesis: controls the initiation of ciliogenesis by binding to the distal end of the basal body and promoting the removal of CCP110, which caps the mother centriole, leading to the recruitment of IFT proteins, which build the ciliary axoneme. Has some substrate preference for proteins that are already phosphorylated on a Tyr residue at the +2 position relative to the phosphorylation site. Able to phosphorylate tau on serines in vitro. (1312 aa)
Nphp1Nephrocystin-1; Together with BCAR1 it may play a role in the control of epithelial cell polarity. Involved in the organization of apical junctions in kidney cells, together with NPHP4 and RPGRIP1L/NPHP8. Does not seem to be strictly required for ciliogenesis. Seems to help to recruit PTK2B/PYK2 to cell matrix adhesions, thereby initiating phosphorylation of PTK2B/PYK2 and PTK2B/PYK2-dependent signaling. May play a role in the regulation of intraflagellar transport (IFT) during cilia assembly. Required for normal retina development. In connecting photoreceptor cilia influences the move [...] (691 aa)
Kif3bKinesin-like protein KIF3B, N-terminally processed; Involved in tethering the chromosomes to the spindle pole and in chromosome movement. Microtubule-based anterograde translocator for membranous organelles. Plus end-directed microtubule sliding activity in vitro (By similarity); Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Kinesin II subfamily. (747 aa)
Sun5SUN domain-containing protein 5; Plays an essential role in anchoring sperm head to the tail. Is responsible for the attachment of the coupling apparatus to the sperm nuclear envelope. (348 aa)
Ccdc39Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 39; Required for assembly of dynein regulatory complex (DRC) and inner dynein arm (IDA) complexes, which are responsible for ciliary beat regulation, thereby playing a central role in motility in cilia and flagella. Probably acts together with CCDC40 to form a molecular ruler that determines the 96 nanometer (nm) repeat length and arrangements of components in cilia and flagella. Not required for outer dynein arm complexes assembly. (937 aa)
Nup210lNuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210-like. (1881 aa)
Mfsd14aHippocampus abundant transcript 1 protein. (490 aa)
Spaca1Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1; Plays a role in acrosome expansion and establishment of normal sperm morphology during spermatogenesis. Important for male fertility. (305 aa)
Cfap206Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 206; May regulate cilium motility through its role in the assembly of the axonemal radial spokes. (622 aa)
Ppp3r2Calcineurin subunit B type 2; Regulatory subunit of calcineurin, a calcium-dependent, calmodulin stimulated protein phosphatase. Confers calcium sensitivity. (179 aa)
InvsInversin; Required for normal renal development and establishment of left-right axis. Probably acts as a molecular switch between different Wnt signaling pathways. Inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway by targeting cytoplasmic disheveled (DVL1) for degradation by the ubiquitin- proteasome. This suggests that it is required in renal development to oppose the repression of terminal differentiation of tubular epithelial cells by Wnt signaling (By similarity). Involved in the organization of apical junctions in kidney cells together with NPHP1, NPHP4 and RPGRIP1L/NPHP8. Does not seem to be st [...] (1062 aa)
Hook1Protein Hook homolog 1; Required for spermatid differentiation. Probably involved in the positioning of the microtubules of the manchette and the flagellum in relation to the membrane skeleton. Component of the FTS/Hook/FHIP complex (FHF complex). The FHF complex may function to promote vesicle trafficking and/or fusion via the homotypic vesicular protein sorting complex (the HOPS complex) (By similarity). (728 aa)
Nsun7Putative methyltransferase NSUN7; May have S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyl-transferase activity. (705 aa)
GnrhrGonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor; Receptor for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) that mediates the action of GnRH to stimulate the secretion of the gonadotropic hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This receptor mediates its action by association with G- proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. (327 aa)
Golga3Golgin subfamily A member 3; Plays an important role in spermatogenesis and/or testis development. Probably identical with the serologically detectable male antigen (SDM). Probably involved in maintaining Golgi structure. (1487 aa)
WaslNeural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein; Regulates actin polymerization by stimulating the actin- nucleating activity of the Arp2/3 complex. Involved in various processes, such as mitosis and cytokinesis, via its role in the regulation of actin polymerization. Together with CDC42, involved in the extension and maintenance of the formation of thin, actin-rich surface projections called filopodia. In addition to its role in the cytoplasm, also plays a role in the nucleus by regulating gene transcription, probably by promoting nuclear actin polymerization (By similarity). Binds to HSF1/HS [...] (501 aa)
FiglaFactor in the germline alpha; Germ-line specific transcription factor implicated in postnatal oocyte-specific gene expression. Plays a key regulatory role in the expression of multiple oocyte-specific genes, including those that initiate folliculogenesis and those that encode the zona pellucida (ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3) required for fertilization and early embryonic survival. Essential for oocytes to survive and form primordial follicles. The persistence of FIGLA in adult females suggests that it may regulate additional pathways that are essential for normal ovarian development. Binds to the [...] (194 aa)
Mbd4Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 4; Mismatch-specific DNA N-glycosylase involved in DNA repair. Has thymine glycosylase activity and is specific for G:T mismatches within methylated and unmethylated CpG sites. Can also remove uracil or 5-fluorouracil in G:U mismatches. Has no lyase activity. Was first identified as methyl-CpG-binding protein. (554 aa)
Fkbp4Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP4, N-terminally processed; Immunophilin protein with PPIase and co-chaperone activities. Component of steroid receptors heterocomplexes through interaction with heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90). May play a role in the intracellular trafficking of heterooligomeric forms of steroid hormone receptors between cytoplasm and nuclear compartments. The isomerase activity controls neuronal growth cones via regulation of TRPC1 channel opening. Acts also as a regulator of microtubule dynamics by inhibiting MAPT/TAU ability to promote microtubule assembly. May [...] (458 aa)
Oca2P protein; Could be involved in the transport of tyrosine, the precursor to melanin synthesis, within the melanocyte. Regulates the pH of melanosome and the melanosome maturation. One of the components of the mammalian pigmentary system. Seems to regulate the postranslational processing of tyrosinase, which catalyzes the limiting reaction in melanin synthesis. It can modulate intracellular glutathione metabolism; Belongs to the CitM (TC 2.A.11) transporter family. (833 aa)
Cdk16Cyclin-dependent kinase 16; Protein kinase that plays a role in vesicle-mediated transport processes and exocytosis. Can phosphorylate CCNY at 'Ser-336' (in vitro) (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to changes in blood glucose levels. Regulates GH1 release by brain neurons. Phosphorylates NSF, and thereby regulates NSF oligomerization. Required for normal spermatogenesis. Regulates neuron differentiation and dendrite development. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily. (496 aa)
Ido1Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1; Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. Involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to maintain homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology that would result from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses. Tryptophan shortage inhibits T lymphocytes division and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis and differentiation of regulatory T-cells. Acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity. Limits the growth of int [...] (407 aa)
Pmfbp1Polyamine-modulated factor 1-binding protein 1; Required for normal spermatogenesis. It functions as a scaffold protein that attaches the sperm head-tail connecting piece to the nuclear envelope, thus maintaining sperm head and tail integrity. May also be involved in the general organization of cellular cytoskeleton. (1022 aa)
Bbs2Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2 protein homolog; The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Firstly the BBSome associates with the ciliary membrane and binds to RAB3IP/Rabin8, the gua [...] (721 aa)
Arl2bpADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 2-binding protein; Together with ARL2, plays a role in the nuclear translocation, retention and transcriptional activity of STAT3. May play a role as an effector of ARL2 (By similarity). (163 aa)
Katnb1Katanin p80 WD40 repeat-containing subunit B1; Participates in a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. May act to target the enzymatic subunit of this complex to sites of action such as the centrosome. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation. Microtubule release from the mitotic spindle poles may allow depolymerization of the microtubule end proximal to the spindle pole, leading to poleward microtubule flux and poleward motion of chromosome. The [...] (658 aa)
JhyJhy protein; Required for the normal development of cilia in brain ependymal cells lining the ventricular surfaces. (770 aa)
Mns1Meiosis-specific nuclear structural protein 1; May play a role in the control of meiotic division and germ cell differentiation through regulation of pairing and recombination during meiosis. (491 aa)
Ttc21aTetratricopeptide repeat protein 21A; Intraflagellar transport (IFT)-associated protein required for spermatogenesis. Required for sperm flagellar formation and intraflagellar transport. Belongs to the TTC21 family. (1314 aa)
Spef2Sperm flagellar protein 2; Required for correct axoneme development in spermatozoa. Important for normal development of the manchette and sperm head morphology. Essential for male fertility. Plays a role in localization of the intraflagellar transport protein IFT20 to the manchette, suggesting function as an adapter for dynein-mediated protein transport during spermatogenesis. Also plays a role in bone growth where it seems to be required for normal osteoblast differentiation. (875 aa)
Smap2Stromal membrane-associated protein 2; GTPase activating protein that acts on ARF1. Can also activate ARF6 (in vitro). May play a role in clathrin-dependent retrograde transport from early endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. (428 aa)
Fam170aProtein FAM170A; Acts as a nuclear transcription factor that positively regulates the expression of heat shock genes. Binds to heat shock promoter elements (HSE). (333 aa)
Spag4Sperm-associated antigen 4 protein; Involved in spermatogenesis. Required for sperm head formation but not required to establish and maintain general polarity of the sperm head. Required for anchoring and organization of the manchette. Required for targeting of SUN3 and probably SYNE1 through a probable SUN1:SYNE3 LINC complex to the nuclear envelope and involved in accurate posterior sperm head localization of the complex. May anchor SUN3 the nuclear envelope. Involved in maintenance of the nuclear envelope integrity. May assist the organization and assembly of outer dense fibers (ODF [...] (443 aa)
RxrbRetinoic acid receptor RXR-beta; Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE); Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily. (524 aa)
Spata6Spermatogenesis-associated protein 6; Required for formation of the sperm connecting piece during spermiogenesis. Sperm connecting piece is essential for linking the developing flagellum to the head during late spermiogenesis. May be involved in myosin-based microfilament transport through interaction with myosin subunits. (488 aa)
Foxj1Forkhead box protein J1; Transcription factor specifically required for the formation of motile cilia. Acts by activating transcription of genes that mediate assembly of motile cilia, such as CFAP157. Binds the DNA consensus sequences 5'- HWDTGTTTGTTTA-3' or 5'-KTTTGTTGTTKTW-3' (where H is not G, W is A or T, D is not C, and K is G or T). Activates the transcription of a variety of ciliary proteins in the developing brain and lung. (421 aa)
FshrFollicle-stimulating hormone receptor; G protein-coupled receptor for follitropin, the follicle- stimulating hormone. Through cAMP production activates the downstream PI3K-AKT and ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathways. (692 aa)
Cnbd2Cyclic nucleotide-binding domain-containing protein 2; Essential for male fertility. Plays an important role in spermatogenesis and regulates sperm motility by controlling the development of the flagellar bending of sperm. (673 aa)
Ttc29Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 29. (471 aa)
Tekt3Tektin-3; May be a structural component of the sperm flagellum. Required for normal sperm mobility; Belongs to the tektin family. (490 aa)
Traf3ip1TRAF3-interacting protein 1; Plays an inhibitory role on IL13 signaling by binding to IL13RA1. Involved in suppression of IL13-induced STAT6 phosphorylation, transcriptional activity and DNA-binding. Recruits TRAF3 and DISC1 to the microtubules (By similarity). Involved in epithelial morphogenesis and in the regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Is a negative regulator of microtubule stability, acting through the control of MAP4 levels. Involved in ciliogenesis ; Belongs to the TRAF3IP1 family. (625 aa)
Spata20Spermatogenesis-associated protein 20; May play a role in fertility regulation. (790 aa)
Scgb3a1Secretoglobin family 3A member 1; Secreted cytokine-like protein. Inhibits cell growth in vitro. (104 aa)
Spata16Spermatogenesis-associated protein 16; Involved in the formation of sperm acrosome, which implicated its potential role in spermatogenesis and sperm-egg fusion. Belongs to the SPATA16 family. (571 aa)
Cluap1Clusterin-associated protein 1; Required for cilia biogenesis. Appears to function within the multiple intraflagellar transport complex B (IFT-B). Key regulator of hedgehog signaling. (413 aa)
Mks1Meckel syndrome type 1 protein homolog; Component of the tectonic-like complex, a complex localized at the transition zone of primary cilia and acting as a barrier that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes. Involved in centrosome migration to the apical cell surface during early ciliogenesis. Required for ciliary structure and function, including a role in regulating length and appropriate number through modulating centrosome duplication. Required for cell branching morphology. (561 aa)
Ift122Intraflagellar transport protein 122 homolog; As a component of the IFT complex A (IFT-A), a complex required for retrograde ciliary transport and entry into cilia of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), it is required in ciliogenesis and ciliary protein trafficking (By similarity). Involved in cilia formation during neuronal patterning. Acts as a negative regulator of Shh signaling. Required to recruit TULP3 to primary cilia. (1183 aa)
Gm17018Protein DPCD; May play a role in the formation or function of ciliated cells; Belongs to the DPCD family. (203 aa)
HydinHydrocephalus-inducing protein; Required for ciliary motility. (5154 aa)
Rsph6aRadial spoke head protein 6 homolog A. (708 aa)
Camk4Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that operates in the calcium-triggered CaMKK-CaMK4 signaling cascade and regulates, mainly by phosphorylation, the activity of several transcription activators, such as CREB1, MEF2D, JUN and RORA, which play pivotal roles in immune response, inflammation, and memory consolidation. In the thymus, regulates the CD4(+)/CD8(+) double positive thymocytes selection threshold during T-cell ontogeny. In CD4 memory T-cells, is required to link T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling to the productio [...] (469 aa)
Ift57Intraflagellar transport protein 57 homolog; Required for the formation of cilia. Plays an indirect role in sonic hedgehog signaling, cilia being required for all activity of the hedgehog pathway. Has pro-apoptotic function via its interaction with HIP1, leading to recruit caspase-8 (CASP8) and trigger apoptosis. Has the ability to bind DNA sequence motif 5'-AAAGACATG-3' present in the promoter of caspase genes such as CASP1, CASP8 and CASP10, suggesting that it may act as a transcription regulator; however the relevance of such function remains unclear. Belongs to the IFT57 family. (429 aa)
Cc2d2aCoiled-coil and C2 domain-containing protein 2A; Component of the tectonic-like complex, a complex localized at the transition zone of primary cilia and acting as a barrier that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes. Required for ciliogenesis and sonic hedgehog/SHH signaling. (1633 aa)
Ttll5Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL5; Polyglutamylase which preferentially modifies alpha-tubulin. Involved in the side-chain initiation step of the polyglutamylation reaction rather than in the elongation step. Required for CCSAP localization to both spindle and cilia microtubules (By similarity). Increases the effects of NCOA2 in glucocorticoid receptor-mediated repression and induction and in androgen receptor-mediated induction (By similarity). Belongs to the tubulin--tyrosine ligase family. (1328 aa)
Ift172Intraflagellar transport protein 172 homolog; Required for the maintenance and formation of cilia. Plays an indirect role in hedgehog (Hh) signaling, cilia being required for all activity of the hedgehog pathway. (1749 aa)
Ccdc63Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 63; Plays a role in spermiogenesis. Involved in the elongation of flagella and the formation of sperm heads. (582 aa)
Akap4A-kinase anchor protein 4; Major structural component of sperm fibrous sheath. Plays a role in sperm motility. (849 aa)
Rfx4Transcription factor RFX4; [Isoform 1]: Transcription factor that plays a role in early brain development. May activate transcription by interacting directly with the X-box. May activate transcription from CX3CL1 promoter through the X-box during brain development; Belongs to the RFX family. (735 aa)
Gk2Glycerol kinase 2; Key enzyme in the regulation of glycerol uptake and metabolism; Belongs to the FGGY kinase family. (554 aa)
Tmem67Meckelin; Part of the tectonic-like complex which is required for tissue-specific ciliogenesis and may regulate ciliary membrane composition. Involved in centrosome migration to the apical cell surface during early ciliogenesis. Required for ciliary structure and function, including a role in regulating length and appropriate number through modulating centrosome duplication. Required for cell branching morphology. Essential for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of surfactant protein C (sftpc). (995 aa)
ArAndrogen receptor; Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins like ZBTB7A that recruits NCOR1 and NCOR2 to the androgen response elements/ARE on target genes, negatively regulating androgen receptor signaling and androgen-induced cell proliferation. Transcription activation is also down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DA [...] (899 aa)
Tnp2Nuclear transition protein 2; Plays a key role in the replacement of histones to protamine in the elongating spermatids of mammals. In condensing spermatids, loaded onto the nucleosomes, where it promotes the recruitment and processing of protamines, which are responsible for histone eviction. The histone H2AB1-H2BC1/TH2B dimer is required for loading of TNP2 onto chromatin. Belongs to the nuclear transition protein 2 family. (117 aa)
Cfap69Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 69; Cilium- and flagellum-associated protein. In the olfactory epithelium, regulates the speed of activation and termination of the odor response and thus contributes to the robustness of olfactory transduction pathways. Required for sperm flagellum assembly and stability. (942 aa)
Drc7Dynein regulatory complex subunit 7; Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) a key regulator of ciliary/flagellar motility which maintains the alignment and integrity of the distal axoneme and regulates microtubule sliding in motile axonemes. Involved in the regulation of flagellar motility. (876 aa)
Cdc42Cell division control protein 42 homolog; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In its active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. Regulates the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores before chromosome congression in metaphase. Regulates cell migration (By similarity). In neurons, plays a role in the extension and maintenance of the formation of filopodia, thin and actin-rich surface projections. Req [...] (191 aa)
Henmt1Small RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase; Methyltransferase that adds a 2'-O-methyl group at the 3'-end of piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequence elements. This probably protects the 3'-end of piRNAs from uridylation activity and subsequent degradation. Stabilization of piRNAs is essential for gametogenesis. Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. HEN1 family. (395 aa)
Bbs1Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 protein homolog; The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Firstly the BBSome associates with the ciliary membrane and binds to RAB3IP/Rabin8, the gua [...] (593 aa)
Atat1Alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase 1; Specifically acetylates 'Lys-40' in alpha-tubulin on the lumenal side of microtubules. Promotes microtubule destabilization and accelerates microtubule dynamics; this activity may be independent of acetylation activity. Acetylates alpha-tubulin with a slow enzymatic rate, due to a catalytic site that is not optimized for acetyl transfer. Enters the microtubule through each end and diffuses quickly throughout the lumen of microtubules. Acetylates only long/old microtubules because of its slow acetylation rate since it does not have time to act on dyn [...] (421 aa)
Cetn1Centrin-1; Plays a fundamental role in microtubule-organizing center structure and function (By similarity). Plays a role in sperm cilia formation ; Belongs to the centrin family. (172 aa)
Sstr3Somatostatin receptor type 3; Receptor for somatostatin-14 and -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. (428 aa)
Foxi1Forkhead box protein I1; Transcriptional activator required for the development of normal hearing, sense of balance and kidney function. Required for the expression of SLC26A4/PDS, JAG1 and COCH in a subset of epithelial cells and the development of the endolymphatic system in the inner ear. Also required for the expression of SLC4A1/AE1, SLC4A9/AE4, ATP6V1B1 and the differentiation of intercalated cells in the epithelium of distal renal tubules. (372 aa)
Efcab9EF-hand calcium-binding domain-containing protein 9; pH-dependent Ca(2+) sensor required to activate the CatSper channel, a complex involved in sperm cell hyperactivation. Sperm cell hyperactivation is needed for sperm motility which is essential late in the preparation of sperm for fertilization. Associates with the CatSper complex via direct interaction with CATSPERZ, and senses intracellular Ca(2+). Together with CATSPERZ, associates with the CatSper channel pore and is required for the two-row structure of each single CatSper channel. (216 aa)
C2cd3C2 domain-containing protein 3; Component of the centrioles that acts as a positive regulator of centriole elongation. Promotes assembly of centriolar distal appendage, a structure at the distal end of the mother centriole that acts as an anchor of the cilium, and is required for recruitment of centriolar distal appendages proteins CEP83, SCLT1, CEP89, FBF1 and CEP164. Not required for centriolar satellite integrity or RAB8 activation. Required for primary cilium formation. Required for sonic hedgehog/SHH signaling and for proteolytic processing of GLI3. (2323 aa)
LrgukLeucine-rich repeat and guanylate kinase domain-containing protein; Involved in multiple aspects of sperm assembly including acrosome attachment, shaping of the sperm head and in the early aspects of axoneme development. Not essential for primary cilium biogenesis. (820 aa)
Spink2Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 2; As a strong inhibitor of acrosin, it is required for normal spermiogenesis. It probably hinders premature activation of proacrosin and other proteases, thus preventing the cascade of events leading to spermiogenesis defects. May be involved in the regulation of serine protease-dependent germ cell apoptosis. It also inhibits trypsin. (86 aa)
Gykl1Glycerol kinase-like 1; Belongs to the FGGY kinase family. (549 aa)
Ccdc88cProtein Daple; Required for activation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) during non-canonical Wnt signaling. Binds to ligand-activated Wnt receptor FZD7, displacing DVL1 from the FZD7 receptor and leading to inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling. Acts as a non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor by also binding to guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) alpha (Gi-alpha) subunits, leading to their activation. Binding to Gi-alpha subunits displaces the beta and gamma subunits from the heterotrimeric G-protein complex, triggering non-canonical Wnt responses such [...] (2009 aa)
Osbp2Oxysterol-binding protein 2; Binds 7-ketocholesterol; Belongs to the OSBP family. (908 aa)
Pfdn5Prefoldin subunit 5; Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins. Represses the transcriptional activity of MYC (By similarity). (154 aa)
Pla2g3Phospholipase A2, group III. (504 aa)
Vps13aVacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13A; May play a role in the control of protein cycling through the trans-Golgi network to early and late endosomes, lysosomes and plasma membrane. (3166 aa)
Spag16Sperm-associated antigen 16 protein; Necessary for sperm flagellar function. Plays a role in motile ciliogenesis. May help to recruit STK36 to the cilium or apical surface of the cell to initiate subsequent steps of construction of the central pair apparatus of motile cilia. (639 aa)
Meig1Meiosis-expressed gene 1 protein; Essential for spermiogenesis; Belongs to the MEIG1 family. (88 aa)
Cfap58Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 58. (873 aa)
Gsk3aGlycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha; Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle. M [...] (490 aa)
Nectin2Nectin-2; Modulator of T-cell signaling. Can be either a costimulator of T-cell function, or a coinhibitor, depending on the receptor it binds to. Upon binding to CD226, stimulates T-cell proliferation and cytokine production, including that of IL2, IL5, IL10, IL13, and IFNG. Upon interaction with PVRIG, inhibits T-cell proliferation. These interactions are competitive. Probable cell adhesion protein. (530 aa)
TpteTransmembrane phosphatase with tensin homology. (664 aa)
Ppp3ccSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform; Calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase which plays an essential role in the transduction of intracellular Ca(2+)-mediated signals. Dephosphorylates and activates transcription factor NFATC1. Dephosphorylates and inactivates transcription factor ELK1. Dephosphorylates DARPP32. (513 aa)
Nme5Nucleoside diphosphate kinase homolog 5; Does not seem to have NDK kinase activity. Confers protection from cell death by Bax and alters the cellular levels of several antioxidant enzymes including Gpx5. May play a role in spermiogenesis by increasing the ability of late-stage spermatids to eliminate reactive oxygen species. (211 aa)
Ing2Inhibitor of growth protein 2; Seems to be involved in p53/TP53 activation and p53/TP53- dependent apoptotic pathways, probably by enhancing acetylation of p53/TP53. Component of a mSin3A-like corepressor complex, which is probably involved in deacetylation of nucleosomal histones. ING2 activity seems to be modulated by binding to phosphoinositides (PtdInsPs) (By similarity); Belongs to the ING family. (281 aa)
Odf1Outer dense fiber protein 1; Component of the outer dense fibers (ODF) of spermatozoa. ODF are filamentous structures located on the outside of the axoneme in the midpiece and principal piece of the mammalian sperm tail and may help to maintain the passive elastic structures and elastic recoil of the sperm tail. (248 aa)
Kif19aKinesin-like protein KIF19; Plus end-directed microtubule-dependent motor protein that regulates the length of motile cilia by mediating depolymerization of microtubules at ciliary tips; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. (997 aa)
Dnah11Dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11. (4488 aa)
Wdr35WD repeat-containing protein 35; As a component of the IFT complex A (IFT-A), a complex required for retrograde ciliary transport and entry into cilia of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), it is involved in ciliogenesis and ciliary protein trafficking. May promote CASP3 activation and TNF-stimulated apoptosis (By similarity). (1181 aa)
Stk36Serine/threonine-protein kinase 36; Serine/threonine protein kinase which plays an important role in the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway by regulating the activity of GLI transcription factors. Controls the activity of the transcriptional regulators GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3 by opposing the effect of SUFU and promoting their nuclear localization. GLI2 requires an additional function of STK36 to become transcriptionally active, but the enzyme does not need to possess an active kinase catalytic site for this to occur. Required for postnatal development, possibly by regulating the homeostasis of c [...] (1316 aa)
Zic3Zinc finger protein ZIC 3; Acts as transcriptional activator. Required in the earliest stages in both axial midline development and left-right (LR) asymmetry specification. Binds to the minimal GLI-consensus sequence 5'-GGGTGGTC- 3'; Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (466 aa)
NotoHomeobox protein notochord; Transcription factor that controls node morphogenesis. Acts downstream of both FOXA2 and Brachyury (T) during notochord development. Is essential for cilia formation in the posterior notochord (PNC) and for left-right patterning; acts upstream of FOXJ1 and RFX3 in this process and is required for the expression of various components important for axonemal assembly and function. Plays a role in regulating axial versus paraxial cell fate. Activates the transcription of ciliary proteins C11orf97 homolog, FAM183B and SPACA9 in the embryonic ventral node. (240 aa)
GmncGeminin coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1; Regulator of DNA replication. Promotes initiation of chromosomal DNA replication by mediating TOPBP1- and CDK2-dependent recruitment of CDC45L onto replication origins (By similarity). Belongs to the GEMC1 family. (339 aa)
Efcab1EF-hand calcium-binding domain-containing protein 1. (212 aa)
IntuProtein inturned; Plays a key role in ciliogenesis and embryonic development. Regulator of cilia formation by controlling the organization of the apical actin cytoskeleton and the positioning of the basal bodies at the apical cell surface, which in turn is essential for the normal orientation of elongating ciliary microtubules. Plays a key role in definition of cell polarity via its role in ciliogenesis but not via conversion extension. Has an indirect effect on hedgehog signaling. Proposed to function as core component of the CPLANE (ciliogenesis and planar polarity effectors) complex [...] (942 aa)
SlirpSRA stem-loop-interacting RNA-binding protein, mitochondrial; RNA-binding protein that acts as a nuclear receptor corepressor. Probably acts by binding the SRA RNA, and repressing the SRA-mediated nuclear receptor coactivation. Binds the STR7 loop of SRA RNA. Also able to repress glucocorticoid (GR), androgen (AR), thyroid (TR) and VDR-mediated transactivation (By similarity). (112 aa)
Cfap43Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 43; Flagellar protein involved in sperm flagellum axoneme organization and function; Belongs to the CFAP43 family. (1682 aa)
Kif6Kinesin-like protein; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. (802 aa)
Ttc26Intraflagellar transport protein 56; Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B required for transport of proteins in the motile cilium. Required for transport of specific ciliary cargo proteins related to motility, while it is neither required for IFT complex B assembly or motion nor for cilium assembly. Required for efficient coupling between the accumulation of GLI2 and GLI3 at the ciliary tips and their dissociation from the negative regulator SUFU. Plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the IFT complex B and the proper ciliary localization of the IFT compl [...] (554 aa)
SelenopSelenoprotein P; Might be responsible for some of the extracellular antioxidant defense properties of selenium or might be involved in the transport of selenium (By similarity). May supply selenium to tissues such as brain and testis. (380 aa)
Cadm1Cell adhesion molecule 1; Mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion in a Ca(2+)- independent manner. Also mediates heterophilic cell-cell adhesion with CADM3 and NECTIN3 in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. Acts as a tumor suppressor in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Interaction with CRTAM promotes natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by CD8+ cells in vitro as well as NK cell-mediated rejection of tumors expressing CADM3 in vivo. May contribute to the less invasive phenotypes of lepidic growth tumor cells. In mast cells, may mediate attach [...] (474 aa)
Bicc1Protein bicaudal C homolog 1; Putative RNA-binding protein. May be involved in regulating gene expression during embryonic development; Belongs to the BicC family. (977 aa)
Dcaf17DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 17; May function as a substrate receptor for CUL4-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex. (519 aa)
Pms2Mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2; Component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR). Heterodimerizes with MLH1 to form MutL alpha. DNA repair is initiated by MutS alpha (MSH2-MSH6) or MutS beta (MSH2-MSH3) binding to a dsDNA mismatch, then MutL alpha is recruited to the heteroduplex. Assembly of the MutL-MutS-heteroduplex ternary complex in presence of RFC and PCNA is sufficient to activate endonuclease activity of PMS2. It introduces single-strand breaks near the mismatch and thus generates new entry points for the exonuclease EXO1 to degrade the strand containing th [...] (859 aa)
2700049A03RikProtein TALPID3; Required for ciliogenesis and sonic hedgehog/SHH signaling. Required for the centrosomal recruitment of RAB8A and for the targeting of centriole satellite proteins to centrosomes such as of PCM1. May play a role in early ciliogenesis in the disappearance of centriolar satellites that preceeds ciliary vesicle formation (By similarity). Involved in regulation of cell intracellular organization. Involved in regulation of cell polarity (By similarity). Required for asymmetrical localization of CEP120 to daughter centrioles. Belongs to the TALPID3 family. (1520 aa)
Sgms1Phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 1; Sphingomyelin synthases synthesize the sphingolipid, sphingomyelin, through transfer of the phosphatidyl head group, phosphatidylcholine, on to the primary hydroxyl of ceramide. The reaction is bidirectional depending on the respective levels of the sphingolipid and ceramide. Golgi apparatus SMS1 directly and specifically recognizes the choline head group on the substrate, requiring two fatty chains on the choline-P donor molecule in order to be recognized efficiently as a substrate. Major form in macrophages. Required for cell [...] (419 aa)
Cnot7CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 7; Has 3'-5' poly(A) exoribonuclease activity for synthetic poly(A) RNA substrate. Its function seems to be partially redundant with that of CNOT8. Catalytic component of the CCR4-NOT complex which is one of the major cellular mRNA deadenylases and is linked to various cellular processes including bulk mRNA degradation, miRNA-mediated repression, translational repression during translational initiation and general transcription regulation. During miRNA-mediated repression the complex seems also to act as translational repressor during translationa [...] (285 aa)
Ccdc42Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 42; Required for sperm development. Belongs to the CFAP73 family. (316 aa)
Ift88Intraflagellar transport protein 88 homolog; Involved in primary cilium biogenesis. Also involved in autophagy since it is required for trafficking of ATG16L and the expansion of the autophagic compartment. (825 aa)
Best1Bestrophin-1; Forms calcium-sensitive chloride channels. Permeable to bicarbonate (By similarity); Belongs to the bestrophin family. (551 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
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