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| | Ccl3 | C-C motif chemokine 3; Monokine with inflammatory, pyrogenic and chemokinetic properties. Has a potent chemotactic activity for eosinophils. Binding to a high-affinity receptor activates calcium release in neutrophils; Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. (92 aa) |
| | Ptpn6 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6; Modulates signaling by tyrosine phosphorylated cell surface receptors such as KIT and the EGF receptor/EGFR. The SH2 regions may interact with other cellular components to modulate its own phosphatase activity against interacting substrates. Together with MTUS1, induces UBE2V2 expression upon angiotensin II stimulation. Plays a key role in hematopoiesis; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class 2 subfamily. (597 aa) |
| | Hmox1 | Heme oxygenase 1; Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed. Exhibits cytoprotective effects since excess of free heme sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis. (289 aa) |
| | Il27ra | Interleukin-27 receptor subunit alpha; Receptor for IL27. Requires IL6ST/gp130 to mediate signal transduction in response to IL27. This signaling system acts through STAT3 and STAT1. Involved in the regulation of Th1-type immune responses. Also appears to be involved in innate defense mechanisms. (623 aa) |
| | Adh5 | Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3; Catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione. Also oxidizes long chain omega-hydroxy fatty acids, such as 20-HETE, producing both the intermediate aldehyde, 20-oxoarachidonate and the end product, a dicarboxylic acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenedioate. Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol. (374 aa) |
| | Cav1 | Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes (By similarity). Forms a stable heterooligomeric complex with CAV2 that targets to lipid rafts and drives caveolae formation. Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN proteins (CAVIN1/2/3/4) to the caveolae. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependen [...] (178 aa) |
| | Pten | Phosphatase and tensin homolog; In motile cells, suppresses the formation of lateral pseudopods and thereby promotes cell polarization and directed movement (By similarity). Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine- phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4- diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5- tetrakisphosphate with order of subst [...] (403 aa) |
| | Ctsg | Cathepsin G; This vimentin-specific protease may regulate the reorganization of vimentin filaments, occurring during cell differentiation, movement and mitosis. (261 aa) |
| | Itgb2 | Integrin beta-2; Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for ICAM1, ICAM2, ICAM3 and ICAM4. Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is also a receptor for the secreted form of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15; the interaction is mediated by ITGAL (By similarity). Integrins ITGAM/ITGB2 and ITGAX/ITGB2 are receptors for the iC3b fragment of the third complement component and for fibrinogen. Integrin ITGAX/ITGB2 recognizes the sequence G-P-R in fibrinogen alpha-chain. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 recognizes P1 and P2 peptides of fibrinogen gamma chain. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is also a receptor for factor X. Integrin ITGAD/ITG [...] (770 aa) |
| | Cd274 | Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; Plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self. As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1/PD-1, modulates the activation threshold of T-cells and limits T-cell effector response. Through a yet unknown activating receptor, may costimulate T-cell subsets that predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL10) ; Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. BTN/MOG family. (290 aa) |
| | Mapkapk2 | MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2; Stress-activated serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in cytokine production, endocytosis, reorganization of the cytoskeleton, cell migration, cell cycle control, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response and transcriptional regulation. Following stress, it is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase p38-alpha/MAPK14, leading to phosphorylation of substrates. Phosphorylates serine in the peptide sequence, Hyd-X-R-X(2)-S, where Hyd is a large hydrophobic residue. Phosphorylates ALOX5, CDC25B, CDC25C, CEP131, ELAVL1, HNRNPA0, HSP27/HSPB1, KRT1 [...] (386 aa) |
| | Mmp9 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9; Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase M10A family. (730 aa) |
| | Trpv2 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2; Calcium-permeable, non-selective cation channel with an outward rectification. Seems to be regulated, at least in part, by IGF- I, PDGF and neuropeptide head activator. May transduce physical stimuli in mast cells. Activated by temperatures higher than 52 degrees Celsius; is not activated by vanilloids and acidic pH. Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. TrpV subfamily. TRPV2 sub-subfamily. (756 aa) |
| | Mmp7 | Matrilysin; Degrades casein, gelatins of types I, III, IV, and V, and fibronectin. Activates procollagenase (By similarity). (267 aa) |
| | Cxcl16 | C-X-C motif chemokine 16; Induces a strong chemotactic response. Induces calcium mobilization. Binds to CXCR6/Bonzo. Also acts as a scavenger receptor on macrophages, which specifically binds to OxLDL (oxidized low density lipoprotein), suggesting that it may be involved in pathophysiology such as atherogenesis; Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family. (246 aa) |
| | Arg1 | Arginase-1; Key element of the urea cycle converting L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine, which is further metabolized into metabolites proline and polyamides that drive collagen synthesis and bioenergetic pathways critical for cell proliferation, respectively; the urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys. (323 aa) |
| | Ifngr1 | Interferon gamma receptor 1; Associates with IFNGR2 to form a receptor for the cytokine interferon gamma (IFNG). Ligand binding stimulates activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway (By similarity). (477 aa) |
| | Tbk1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1; Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to foreign agents. Following activation of toll-like receptors by viral or bacterial components, associates with TRAF3 and TANK and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) IRF3 and IRF7 as well as DDX3X (By similarity). This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the IRFs leading to transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes including IFNA and IFNB (By similarity). In order to establish such [...] (729 aa) |
| | Il13 | Interleukin-13; Cytokine. Inhibits inflammatory cytokine production. Synergizes with IL2 in regulating interferon-gamma synthesis. May be critical in regulating inflammatory and immune responses (By similarity). Positively regulates IL31RA expression in macrophages ; Belongs to the IL-4/IL-13 family. (131 aa) |
| | Sdc1 | Syndecan-1; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate and that links the cytoskeleton to the interstitial matrix. Regulates exosome biogenesis in concert with SDCBP and PDCD6IP. (311 aa) |
| | Nfkbia | NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha; Inhibits the activity of dimeric NF-kappa-B/REL complexes by trapping REL dimers in the cytoplasm through masking of their nuclear localization signals. On cellular stimulation by immune and proinflammatory responses, becomes phosphorylated promoting ubiquitination and degradation, enabling the dimeric RELA to translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription. (314 aa) |
| | Gsdmd | Gasdermin-D, C-terminal; [Gasdermin-D, N-terminal]: Promotes pyroptosis in response to microbial infection and danger signals. Produced by the cleavage of gasdermin-D by inflammatory caspases CASP1 or CASP4 in response to canonical, as well as non-canonical (such as cytosolic LPS) inflammasome activators. After cleavage, moves to the plasma membrane where it strongly binds to membrane inner leaflet lipids, including monophosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, such as phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, bisphosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, such as phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [...] (487 aa) |
| | Ifnar1 | Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1; Component of the receptor for type I interferons, including interferons alpha, IFNB1 and IFNW1. Functions in general as heterodimer with IFNAR2 (By similarity). Type I interferon binding activates the JAK-STAT signaling cascade, and triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins including JAKs, TYK2, STAT proteins and the IFNR alpha- and beta- subunits themselves. Can form an active IFNB1 receptor by itself and activate a signaling cascade that does not involve activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Contributes to modulate the innate immune res [...] (590 aa) |
| | Pla2g7 | Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase; Modulates the action of platelet-activating factor (PAF) by hydrolyzing the sn-2 ester bond to yield the biologically inactive lyso-PAF. Has a specificity for substrates with a short residue at the sn-2 position. It is inactive against long-chain phospholipids; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family. (440 aa) |
| | C3 | Complement C3c alpha' chain fragment 1; C3 plays a central role in the activation of the complement system. Its processing by C3 convertase is the central reaction in both classical and alternative complement pathways. After activation C3b can bind covalently, via its reactive thioester, to cell surface carbohydrates or immune aggregates. [C3-beta-c]: Acts as a chemoattractant for neutrophils in chronic inflammation. (1663 aa) |
| | Ltb | Lymphotoxin-beta; Cytokine that binds to LTBR/TNFRSF3. May play a specific role in immune response regulation. Provides the membrane anchor for the attachment of the heterotrimeric complex to the cell surface. (306 aa) |
| | Tnf | Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...] (235 aa) |
| | Lta | Lymphotoxin-alpha; Cytokine that in its homotrimeric form binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1, TNFRSF1B/TNFBR and TNFRSF14/HVEM (By similarity). In its heterotrimeric form with LTB binds to TNFRSF3/LTBR. Lymphotoxin is produced by lymphocytes and is cytotoxic for a wide range of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. (202 aa) |
| | Cblif | Cobalamin binding intrinsic factor; Promotes absorption of the essential vitamin cobalamin (Cbl) in the ileum. After interaction with CUBN, the CBLIF-cobalamin complex is internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis (By similarity). Belongs to the eukaryotic cobalamin transport proteins family. (417 aa) |
| | Msr1 | Macrophage scavenger receptor types I and II; Membrane glycoproteins implicated in the pathologic deposition of cholesterol in arterial walls during atherogenesis. Two types of receptor subunits exist. These receptors mediate the endocytosis of a diverse group of macromolecules, including modified low density lipoproteins (LDL). (458 aa) |
| | Il23a | Interleukin-23 subunit alpha; Associates with IL12B to form the IL-23 interleukin, a heterodimeric cytokine which functions in innate and adaptive immunity. IL-23 may constitute with IL-17 an acute response to infection in peripheral tissues. IL-23 binds to a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of IL12RB1 and IL23R, activates the Jak-Stat signaling cascade, stimulates memory rather than naive T-cells and promotes production of proinflammatory cytokines. IL-23 induces autoimmune inflammation and thus may be responsible for autoimmune inflammatory diseases and may be important for tu [...] (196 aa) |
| | Il6 | Interleukin-6; Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasm [...] (211 aa) |
| | Ccr1 | C-C chemokine receptor type 1; Receptor for a C-C type chemokine. Binds to MIP-1-alpha, RANTES, and less efficiently, to MIP-1-beta or MCP-1 and subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ions level. Responsible for affecting stem cell proliferation. (355 aa) |
| | Casp12 | Caspase-12; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (419 aa) |
| | Il1r1 | Interleukin-1 receptor type 1, membrane form; Receptor for IL1A, IL1B and IL1RN. After binding to interleukin-1 associates with the coreceptor IL1RAP to form the high affinity interleukin-1 receptor complex which mediates interleukin-1- dependent activation of NF-kappa-B, MAPK and other pathways. Signaling involves the recruitment of adapter molecules such as TOLLIP, MYD88, and IRAK1 or IRAK2 via the respective TIR domains of the receptor/coreceptor subunits. Binds ligands with comparable affinity and binding of antagonist IL1RN prevents association with IL1RAP to form a signaling comp [...] (576 aa) |
| | Inpp1 | Inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase. (396 aa) |
| | Stat4 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4; Carries out a dual function: signal transduction and activation of transcription. (748 aa) |
| | Slc11a1 | Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1; Divalent transition metal (iron and manganese) transporter involved in iron metabolism and host resistance to certain pathogens. Macrophage-specific membrane transport function. Controls natural resistance to infection with intracellular parasites. Pathogen resistance involves sequestration of Fe(2+) and Mn(2+), cofactors of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic catalases and superoxide dismutases, not only to protect the macrophage against its own generation of reactive oxygen species, but to deny the cations to the pathogen for synthesis [...] (548 aa) |
| | Mr1 | Major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein; Antigen-presenting molecule specialized in presenting microbial vitamin B metabolites (By similarity). Involved in the development and expansion of a small population of T-cells expressing an invariant T-cell receptor alpha chain called mucosal-associated invariant T-cells (MAIT). MAIT lymphocytes are preferentially located in the gut lamina propria and therefore may be involved in monitoring commensal flora or serve as a distress signal. Expression and MAIT cell recognition seem to be ligand-dependent. (341 aa) |
| | Apcs | Serum amyloid P-component; Belongs to the pentraxin family. (224 aa) |
| | Fcnb | Ficolin-2; May function in innate immunity through activation of the lectin complement pathway. Calcium-dependent and GlcNAc-binding lectin (By similarity); Belongs to the ficolin lectin family. (314 aa) |
| | Fcna | Ficolin-1; Extracellular lectin functioning as a pattern-recognition receptor in innate immunity. Binds the sugar moieties of pathogen- associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) displayed on microbes and activates the lectin pathway of the complement system. May also activate monocytes through a G protein-coupled receptor, FFAR2, inducing the secretion of interleukin-8/IL-8. Binds preferentially to 9-O-acetylated 2-6-linked sialic acid derivatives and to various glycans containing sialic acid engaged in a 2-3 linkage (By similarity). (334 aa) |
| | Itgav | Integrin alpha-V heavy chain; The alpha-V (ITGAV) integrins are receptors for vitronectin, cytotactin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase- 2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, TGFB1 and vWF. They recognize the sequence R-G- D in a wide array of ligands. Alpha-V integrins may play a role in embryo implantation, angiogenesis and wound healing. ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to fractalkine (CX3CL1) and may act as its coreceptor in CX3CR1-dependent fractalkine signaling (By similarity). ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to NRG1 (via EGF domain) and this binding is essentia [...] (1044 aa) |
| | Siglec1 | Sialoadhesin; Acts as an endocytic receptor mediating clathrin dependent endocytosis. Macrophage-restricted adhesion molecule that mediates sialic-acid dependent binding to lymphocytes, including granulocytes, monocytes, natural killer cells, B-cells and CD8 T-cells (By similarity). Preferentially binds to alpha-2,3-linked sialic acid. Binds to SPN/CD43 on T-cells. May play a role in hematopoiesis. May act as a counter-receptor for CLEC10A in lymph node. (1701 aa) |
| | Il1b | Interleukin-1 beta; Potent proinflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B- cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells; Belongs to the IL-1 family. (269 aa) |
| | Kat14 | Cysteine-rich protein 2-binding protein; Component of the ATAC complex, a complex with histone acetyltransferase activity on histones H3 and H4. May function as a scaffold for the ATAC complex to promote ATAC complex stability. Has also weak histone acetyltransferase activity toward histone H4. Required for the normal progression through G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle (By similarity). (779 aa) |
| | Tlr2 | Toll-like receptor 2; Cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components. Cooperates with TLR1 or TLR6 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (By similarity). May also promote apoptosis in response to lipoproteins (By similarity). Forms activation clusters composed of several receptors depending on the ligand, these clusters trigger signaling from the cell surface [...] (784 aa) |
| | Cd1d1 | Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d1; Antigen-presenting protein that binds self and non-self glycolipids and presents them to T-cell receptors on natural killer T- cells. (336 aa) |
| | Rorc | Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma; Nuclear receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to ROR response elements (RORE) containing a single core motif half-site 5'-AGGTCA-3' preceded by a short A-T-rich sequence. Key regulator of cellular differentiation, immunity, peripheral circadian rhythm as well as lipid, steroid, xenobiotics and glucose metabolism. Considered to have intrinsic transcriptional activity, have some natural ligands like oxysterols that act as agonists (25-hydroxycholesterol) or inverse agonists (7-oxygenated sterols), enhancing or repressing the transcriptional activity, respective [...] (516 aa) |
| | Nfkb1 | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dime [...] (971 aa) |
| | Gbp2b | Guanylate-binding protein 1; Hydrolyzes GTP to GMP in 2 consecutive cleavage reactions. Exhibits antiviral activity against influenza virus (By similarity). Promotes oxidative killing and delivers antimicrobial peptides to autophagolysosomes, providing broad host protection against different pathogen classes; Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. GB1/RHD3-type GTPase family. GB1 subfamily. (589 aa) |
| | Tnfrsf1b | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B; Receptor with high affinity for TNFSF2/TNF-alpha and approximately 5-fold lower affinity for homotrimeric TNFSF1/lymphotoxin-alpha. The TRAF1/TRAF2 complex recruits the apoptotic suppressors BIRC2 and BIRC3 to TNFRSF1B/TNFR2 (By similarity). (474 aa) |
| | Mycl | Protein L-Myc. (368 aa) |
| | Nos3 | Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is implicated in vascular smooth muscle relaxation through a cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. NO mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in coronary vessels and promotes blood clotting through the activation of platelets. May play a significant role in normal and abnormal limb development; Belongs to the NOS family. (1202 aa) |
| | Antxr2 | Anthrax toxin receptor 2; Necessary for cellular interactions with laminin and the extracellular matrix; Belongs to the ATR family. (487 aa) |
| | Cxcl5 | C-X-C motif chemokine 5; May participate in the recruitment of inflammatory cells by injured or infected tissue. GCP-2(1-78) and, more potent, GCP-2(9-78) attract neutrophils and are involved in neutrophil activation. (132 aa) |
| | Gkn2 | Gastrokine-2. (184 aa) |
| | Usp18 | Ubl carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 18; Involved in the regulation of inflammatory response to interferon type 1. Can efficiently cleave only ISG15 fusions including native ISG15 conjugates linked via isopeptide bonds. Necessary to maintain a critical cellular balance of ISG15-conjugated proteins in both healthy and stressed organisms; Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. (368 aa) |
| | Clec4d | C-type lectin domain family 4 member D; A calcium-dependent lectin involved in innate recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Interacts with signaling adapter Fc receptor gamma chain/FCER1G, likely via CLEC4E, to form a functional complex in antigen presenting cells. Binding of mycobacterial trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) to this receptor complex leads to phosphorylation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of FCER1G, triggering activation of SYK, CARD9 and NF-kappa-B, consequently driving maturation of antigen-presenting cells and shapin [...] (219 aa) |
| | Gucy2c | Heat-stable enterotoxin receptor; Receptor for the E.coli heat-stable enterotoxin (E.coli enterotoxin markedly stimulates the accumulation of cGMP in mammalian cells expressing GC-C). Also activated by the endogenous peptide guanylin (By similarity). (1072 aa) |
| | Ltbr | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 3; Receptor for the heterotrimeric lymphotoxin containing LTA and LTB, and for TNFS14/LIGHT. Promotes apoptosis via TRAF3 and TRAF5. May play a role in the development of lymphoid organs (By similarity). (415 aa) |
| | Tnfrsf1a | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A; Receptor for TNFSF2/TNF-alpha and homotrimeric TNFSF1/lymphotoxin-alpha. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis (By similarity). (454 aa) |
| | Pglyrp1 | Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1; Pattern receptor that binds to murein peptidoglycans (PGN) of Gram-positive bacteria. Has bactericidal activity towards Gram-positive bacteria. May kill Gram-positive bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Binds also to Gram-negative bacteria. Involved in innate immunity. May function in intracellular killing of bacteria. The soluble form triggers apoptosis in vitro. Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (182 aa) |
| | Siglece | Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 12; Putative adhesion molecule that mediates sialic-acid dependent binding to cells. The sialic acid recognition site may be masked by cis interactions with sialic acids on the same cell surface. In the immune response, may act as an inhibitory receptor upon ligand induced tyrosine phosphorylation by recruiting cytoplasmic phosphatase(s) via their SH2 domain(s) that block signal transduction through dephosphorylation of signaling molecules. (467 aa) |
| | Nfkbib | NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta; Inhibits NF-kappa-B by complexing with and trapping it in the cytoplasm. However, the unphosphorylated form resynthesized after cell stimulation is able to bind NF-kappa-B allowing its transport to the nucleus and protecting it to further NFKBIA-dependent inactivation. Association with inhibitor kappa B-interacting NKIRAS1 and NKIRAS2 prevent its phosphorylation rendering it more resistant to degradation, explaining its slower degradation. (359 aa) |
| | Btk | Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK; Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker prote [...] (659 aa) |
| | N4bp1 | NEDD4-binding protein 1; Inhibitor of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ITCH. Acts by interacting with the second WW domain of ITCH, leading to compete with ITCH's substrates and impairing ubiquitination of substrates. Belongs to the N4BP1 family. (893 aa) |
| | Il15 | Interleukin-15; Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-lymphocytes. Stimulation by IL-15 requires interaction of IL-15 with components of IL-2R, including IL-2R beta and probably IL-2R gamma but not IL-2R alpha (By similarity). In neutrophils, stimulates phagocytosis probably by signaling through the IL15 receptor, composed of the subunits IL15RA, IL2RB and IL2RG, which results in kinase SYK activation (By similarity); Belongs to the IL-15/IL-21 family. (162 aa) |
| | Psmb10 | Proteasome subunit beta type-10; The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit is involved in antigen processing to generate class I binding peptides. Plays a role in determining the T-cell repertoire for an antiviral T-cell response; Belongs to the peptidase T1B family. (273 aa) |
| | Myd88 | Myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88; Adapter protein involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7 and TRAF6, leading to NF- kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Increases IL-8 transcription. Involved in IL-18-mediated signaling pathway. Isoform 2 is defective in its ability to induce IRAK phosphorylation and NF- kappa-B activation and can function as a negative regulator of activation by IL-1 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Activates IRF1 resulting in it [...] (296 aa) |
| | Mst1r | Macrophage-stimulating protein receptor alpha chain; Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to MST1 ligand. Regulates many physiological processes including cell survival, migration and differentiation. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces autophosphorylation of RON on its intracellular domain that provides docking sites for downstream signaling molecules. Following activation by ligand, interacts with the PI3-kinase subunit PIK3R1, PLCG1 or the adapter GAB1. Recruitment of these downstream effectors by RON lea [...] (1378 aa) |
| | Pklr | Pyruvate kinase PKLR; Plays a key role in glycolysis. (574 aa) |
| | Slfn2 | Schlafen family member 2. (378 aa) |
| | Sstr1 | Somatostatin receptor type 1; Receptor for somatostatin with higher affinity for somatostatin-14 than -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. In addition it stimulates phosphotyrosine phosphatase and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger via pertussis toxin insensitive G proteins. (391 aa) |
| | Rag2 | V(D)J recombination-activating protein 2; Core component of the RAG complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the DNA cleavage phase during V(D)J recombination. V(D)J recombination assembles a diverse repertoire of immunoglobulin and T- cell receptor genes in developing B and T-lymphocytes through rearrangement of different V (variable), in some cases D (diversity), and J (joining) gene segments. DNA cleavage by the RAG complex occurs in 2 steps: a first nick is introduced in the top strand immediately upstream of the heptamer, generating a 3'-hydroxyl group that can attack the pho [...] (527 aa) |
| | Elane | Neutrophil elastase; Medullasin modifies the functions of natural killer cells, monocytes and granulocytes. Inhibits C5a-dependent neutrophil enzyme release and chemotaxis (By similarity). Capable of killing E.coli; probably digests outer membrane protein A (ompA) in E.coli ; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Elastase subfamily. (265 aa) |
| | Rdh7 | Retinol dehydrogenase 7; Acts on androgens and retinols, i.e. has steroid 3-alpha- and 17-beta-dehydrogenase and cis/trans-retinol catalytic activities. (316 aa) |
| | Il25 | Interleukin 25. (169 aa) |
| | Tnfsf10 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2, TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4 and possibly also to TNFRSF11B/OPG. Induces apoptosis. Its activity may be modulated by binding to the decoy receptors TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4 and TNFRSF11B/OPG that cannot induce apoptosis. (291 aa) |
| | Aicda | Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase; Single-stranded DNA-specific cytidine deaminase. Involved in somatic hypermutation (SHM), gene conversion, and class-switch recombination (CSR) in B-lymphocytes by deaminating C to U during transcription of Ig-variable (V) and Ig-switch (S) region DNA. Required for several crucial steps of B-cell terminal differentiation necessary for efficient antibody responses. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation. (198 aa) |
| | Rbpj | Recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless; Transcriptional regulator that plays a central role in Notch signaling, a signaling pathway involved in cell-cell communication that regulates a broad spectrum of cell-fate determinations. Acts as a transcriptional repressor when it is not associated with Notch proteins. When associated with some NICD product of Notch proteins (Notch intracellular domain), it acts as a transcriptional activator that activates transcription of Notch target genes. Probably represses or activates transcription via the recruitment of chromatin remodeling [...] (526 aa) |
| | Mif | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Pro-inflammatory cytokine. Involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. The expression of MIF at sites of inflammation suggests a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense. Counteracts the anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro), but the physiological substrate is not known. It is not clear whether the tautomerase activity has any physiological relevance, and whether it is important for cytokine activity (By simi [...] (115 aa) |
| | Bahd1 | Bromo adjacent homology domain-containing 1 protein; Heterochromatin protein that acts as a transcription repressor and has the ability to promote the formation of large heterochromatic domains. May act by recruiting heterochromatin proteins such as CBX5 (HP1 alpha), HDAC5 and MBD1. Represses IGF2 expression by binding to its CpG-rich P3 promoter and recruiting heterochromatin proteins (By similarity). (772 aa) |
| | Tlr4 | Toll-like receptor 4; Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS- independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate. In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding t [...] (835 aa) |
| | Ptpn13 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13; Tyrosine phosphatase which regulates negatively FAS-induced apoptosis and NGFR-mediated pro-apoptotic signaling. May regulate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling through dephosphorylation of PIK3R2; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class subfamily. (2451 aa) |
| | Fcmr | Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 3; May play a role in the immune system processes. Protects cells from FAS-, TNF alpha- and FADD-induced apoptosis without increasing expression of the inhibitors of apoptosis BCL2 and BCLXL. Seems to activate an inhibitory pathway that prevents CASP8 activation following FAS stimulation, rather than blocking apoptotic signals downstream. May inhibit FAS-induced apoptosis by preventing CASP8 processing through CFLAR up-regulation (By similarity). (422 aa) |
| | Cftr | Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; Epithelial ion channel that plays an important role in the regulation of epithelial ion and water transport and fluid homeostasis. Mediates the transport of chloride ions across the cell membrane. Channel activity is coupled to ATP hydrolysis. The ion channel is also permeable to HCO(3-); selectivity depends on the extracellular chloride concentration. Exerts its function also by modulating the activity of other ion channels and transporters. Contributes to the regulation of the pH and the ion content of the epithelial fluid layer. M [...] (1476 aa) |
| | Pilra | Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha; Paired receptors consist of highly related activating and inhibitory receptors and are widely involved in the regulation of the immune system. Receptor for CD99 and PIANP. (302 aa) |
| | Hectd3 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HECTD3; E3 ubiquitin ligases accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin- conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Mediates ubiquitination of TRIOBP and its subsequent proteasomal degradation, thus facilitating cell cycle progression by regulating the turn-over of TRIOBP (By similarity). Mediates also ubiquitination of STX8. (861 aa) |
| | Terf2ip | Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2-interacting protein 1; Acts both as a regulator of telomere function and as a transcription regulator. Involved in the regulation of telomere length and protection as a component of the shelterin complex (telosome). In contrast to other components of the shelterin complex, it is dispensible for telomere capping and does not participate in the protection of telomeres against non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)- mediated repair. Instead, it is required to negatively regulate telomere recombination and is essential for repressing homology- directed repair ( [...] (393 aa) |
| | Fpr1 | fMet-Leu-Phe receptor; High affinity receptor for N-formyl-methionyl peptides (fMLP), which are powerful neutrophil chemotactic factors. Binding of fMLP to the receptor stimulates intracellular calcium mobilization and superoxide anion release. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Receptor for TAFA4, mediates its effects on chemoattracting macrophages, promoting phagocytosis and increasing ROS release (By similarity). (364 aa) |
| | Il1f9 | Interleukin-36 gamma; Functions as an agonist of NF-kappa B activation through the orphan IL-1-receptor-related protein 2/IL1RL2. Part of the IL-36 signaling system that is thought to be present in epithelial barriers and to take part in local inflammatory response; similar to the IL-1 system with which it shares the coreceptor IL1RAP (By similarity). Seems to be involved in skin inflammatory response by acting on keratinocytes, dendritic cells and indirectly on T-cells to drive tissue infiltration, cell maturation and cell proliferation. May play a role in proinflammatory responses du [...] (193 aa) |
| | Ticam1 | TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1; Involved in innate immunity against invading pathogens. Adapter used by TLR3, TLR4 (through TICAM2) and TLR5 to mediate NF- kappa-B and interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) activation, and to induce apoptosis. Ligand binding to these receptors results in TRIF recruitment through its TIR domain. Distinct protein-interaction motifs allow recruitment of the effector proteins TBK1, TRAF6 and RIPK1, which in turn, lead to the activation of transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7, NF-kappa-B and FADD respectively. Phosphorylation by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif [...] (732 aa) |
| | Hamp | Hepcidin; Liver-produced hormone that constitutes the main circulating regulator of iron absorption and distribution across tissues. Acts by promoting endocytosis and degradation of ferroportin, leading to the retention of iron in iron-exporting cells and decreased flow of iron into plasma. Controls the major flows of iron into plasma: absorption of dietary iron in the intestine, recycling of iron by macrophages, which phagocytose old erythrocytes and other cells, and mobilization of stored iron from hepatocytes; Belongs to the hepcidin family. (83 aa) |
| | Arhgap15 | Rho GTPase-activating protein 15; GTPase activator for the Rho-type GTPases by converting them to an inactive GDP-bound state. Has activity toward RAC1. Overexpression results in an increase in actin stress fibers and cell contraction (By similarity). (481 aa) |
| | Cd14 | Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14; Coreceptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide. In concert with LBP, binds to monomeric lipopolysaccharide and delivers it to the LY96/TLR4 complex, thereby mediating the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MyD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Acts as a coreceptor for TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer in response to diacylated lipopeptides and for TLR2:TLR1 heterodimer in response to triacylated lipopeptides, these clusters trigger signaling from the cell su [...] (366 aa) |
| | Ifnb1 | Interferon beta; Has antiviral, antibacterial and anticancer activities; Belongs to the alpha/beta interferon family. (182 aa) |
| | Vtcn1 | V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1; Negatively regulates T-cell-mediated immune response by inhibiting T-cell activation, proliferation, cytokine production and development of cytotoxicity. When expressed on the cell surface of tumor macrophages, plays an important role, together with regulatory T- cells (Treg), in the suppression of tumor-associated antigen-specific T-cell immunity. Involved in promoting epithelial cell transformation. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. BTN/MOG family. (283 aa) |
| | Siglech | Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin H. (309 aa) |
| | Jak3 | Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3; Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, or differentiation. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity and plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis during T-cells development. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors sharing the common subunit gamma such as IL2R, IL4R, IL7R, IL9R, IL15R and IL21R. Following ligand binding to cell surface receptors, phosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tails o [...] (1100 aa) |
| | Il17re | Interleukin-17 receptor E; Specific functional receptor for IL17C, signaling through the NF-kappa-B and MAPK pathways. Requires TRAF3IP2 /ACT1 for signaling. Crucial regulator in innate immunity to bacterial pathogens, such as Citrobacter rodentium. Isoform 4 and isoform 5 may be either cytoplasmic inactive or dominant active forms. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 may act as soluble decoy receptors. (637 aa) |
| | Lao1 | Amine oxidase. (523 aa) |
| | Clec12a | C-type lectin domain family 12 member A; Cell surface receptor that modulates signaling cascades and mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of target MAP kinases. (267 aa) |
| | Ifng | Interferon gamma; Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. (155 aa) |
| | March2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCHF2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may mediate ubiquitination of TFRC and CD86, and promote their subsequent endocytosis and sorting to lysosomes via multivesicular bodies. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfer the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. May be involved in endosomal trafficking through interaction with STX6. (287 aa) |
| | Fam49b | Protein FAM49B. (324 aa) |
| | Lif | Leukemia inhibitory factor; LIF has the capacity to induce terminal differentiation in leukemic cells. Its activities include the induction of hematopoietic differentiation in normal and myeloid leukemia cells, the induction of neuronal cell differentiation, and the stimulation of acute-phase protein synthesis in hepatocytes; Belongs to the LIF/OSM family. (203 aa) |
| | C4b | Complement C4 alpha chain; Non-enzymatic component of C3 and C5 convertases and thus essential for the propagation of the classical complement pathway. Covalently binds to immunoglobulins and immune complexes and enhances the solubilization of immune aggregates and the clearance of IC through CR1 on erythrocytes. Catalyzes the transacylation of the thioester carbonyl group to form ester bonds with carbohydrate antigens (By similarity). (1738 aa) |
| | Cebpb | CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta; Important transcription factor regulating the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Plays also a significant role in adipogenesis, as well as in the gluconeogenic pathway, liver regeneration, and hematopoiesis. The consensus recognition site is 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3'. Its functional capacity is governed by protein interactions and post-translational protein modifications. During early embryogenesis, plays essential and redundant functions with CEBPA. Has a promitotic effect on many cell types such as hepatocytes and adipo [...] (296 aa) |
| | Ptafr | Platelet-activating factor receptor; Receptor for platelet activating factor, a chemotactic phospholipid mediator that possesses potent inflammatory, smooth-muscle contractile and hypotensive activity. Seems to mediate its action via a G protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. (341 aa) |
| | Adgre5 | CD97 antigen subunit alpha; Receptor potentially involved in both adhesion and signaling processes early after leukocyte activation. Plays an essential role in leukocyte migration. (818 aa) |
| | Serpinb1a | Leukocyte elastase inhibitor A; Neutrophil serine protease inhibitor that plays an essential role in the regulation of the innate immune response, inflammation and cellular homeostasis. Acts primarily to protect the cell from proteases released in the cytoplasm during stress or infection. These proteases are important in killing microbes but when released from granules, these potent enzymes also destroy host proteins and contribute to mortality. Regulates the activity of the neutrophil proteases elastase, cathepsin G, proteinase-3, chymase, chymotrypsin, and kallikrein-3. Acts also as [...] (379 aa) |
| | Entpd7 | Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 7; Preferentially hydrolyzes nucleoside 5'-triphosphates. The order of activity with respect to possible substrates is UTP > GTP > CTP (By similarity). (606 aa) |
| | Cr2 | Complement receptor type 2; Receptor for complement C3d and for HNRNPU. Participates in B lymphocytes activation; Belongs to the receptors of complement activation (RCA) family. (1032 aa) |
| | Cd209b | CD209 antigen-like protein B; Probable pathogen-recognition receptor. May mediate the endocytosis of pathogens which are subsequently degraded in lysosomal compartments. May recognize in a calcium-dependent manner high mannose N-linked oligosaccharides in a variety of pathogen antigens. Is a receptor for ICAM3, probably by binding to mannose-like carbohydrates. (325 aa) |
| | Plekhm2 | Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 2; May play a role in the regulation of conventional kinesin activity. Required for maintenance of the Golgi apparatus organization. May play a role in membrane tubulation. May play a role in lysosomes movement and localization at the cell periphery. (1033 aa) |
| | Icam1 | Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; ICAM proteins are ligands for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1 (integrin alpha-L/beta-2). During leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, ICAM1 engagement promotes the assembly of endothelial apical cups through ARHGEF26/SGEF and RHOG activation (By similarity). (537 aa) |
| | Spp1 | Osteopontin; Binds tightly to hydroxyapatite. Appears to form an integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction; Belongs to the osteopontin family. (295 aa) |
| | Ncoa3 | Nuclear receptor coactivator 3; Nuclear receptor coactivator that directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone- dependent fashion. Plays a central role in creating a multisubunit coactivator complex, probably via remodeling of chromatin. Involved in the coactivation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (GR and ER), retinoids (RARs and RXRs), thyroid hormone (TRs), vitamin D3 (VDR) and prostanoids (PPARs). Displays histone acetyltransferase activity. Also involved in the coactivation of the NF-kappa-B pathway via its interac [...] (1403 aa) |
| | Hrh1 | Histamine H1 receptor; In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamine release from adrenal medulla, as well as mediating neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Involved in circadian rhythm of locomotor activity and exploratory behavior. Also involved in responsiveness to pertussis toxin through its control of susceptibility to histamine hypersensitivity and enhancement of antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. (488 aa) |
| | Gpr15 | G-protein coupled receptor 15; Probable chemokine receptor; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (360 aa) |
| | Ptprz1 | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta; Protein tyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulates oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation in the embryonic spinal cord. Required for normal differentiation of the precursor cells into mature, fully myelinating oligodendrocytes. May play a role in protecting oligondendrocytes against apoptosis. May play a role in the establishment of contextual memory, probably via the dephosphorylation of proteins that are part of important signaling cascades. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 5 subfamily. (2312 aa) |
| | Otud7b | OTU domain-containing protein 7B; Negative regulator of the non-canonical NF-kappa-B pathway that acts by mediating deubiquitination of TRAF3, an inhibitor of the NF-kappa-B pathway, thereby acting as a negative regulator of B-cell responses. In response to non-canonical NF-kappa-B stimuli, deubiquitinates 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains of TRAF3, preventing TRAF3 proteolysis and over-activation of non-canonical NF- kappa-B. Negatively regulates mucosal immunity against infections. Deubiquitinates ZAP70, and thereby regulates T cell receptor (TCR) signaling that leads to the activ [...] (840 aa) |
| | Scrn3 | Secernin-3; Belongs to the peptidase C69 family. Secernin subfamily. (418 aa) |
| | Il22 | Interleukin-22; Cytokine that contributes to the inflammatory response in vivo; Belongs to the IL-10 family. (179 aa) |
| | Ccr6 | C-C chemokine receptor type 6; Receptor for the C-C type chemokine CCL20. Binds to CCL20 and subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ion levels. Although CCL20 is its major ligand it can also act as a receptor for non-chemokine ligands such as beta-defensins. Binds to defensin DEFB1 leading to increase in intracellular calcium ions and cAMP levels. Its binding to DEFB1 is essential for the function of DEFB1 in regulating sperm motility and bactericidal activity (By similarity). Binds to defensins DEFB4 and DEFB4A/B and mediates their chemotactic effects [...] (367 aa) |
| | Mbtps1 | Membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease; Serine protease that catalyzes the first step in the proteolytic activation of the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). Other known substrates are BDNF, GNPTAB and ATF6. Cleaves after hydrophobic or small residues, provided that Arg or Lys is in position P4. Cleaves known substrates after Arg-Ser-Val-Leu (SERBP-2), Arg-His-Leu-Leu (ATF6), Arg-Gly-Leu-Thr (BDNF) and its own propeptide after Arg-Arg-Leu-Leu. Mediates the protein cleavage of GNPTAB into subunit alpha and beta, thereby participating in biogenesis of lysos [...] (1052 aa) |
| | Plekhf1 | Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family F member 1; May induce apoptosis through the lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway. Translocates to the lysosome initiating the permeabilization of lysosomal membrane (LMP) and resulting in the release of CTSD and CTSL to the cytoplasm. Triggers the caspase-independent apoptosis by altering mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) resulting in the release of PDCD8 (By similarity). (279 aa) |
| | Pias1 | E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS1; Functions as an E3-type small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase, stabilizing the interaction between UBE2I and the substrate, and as a SUMO-tethering factor. Plays a crucial role as a transcriptional coregulation in various cellular pathways, including the STAT pathway, the p53 pathway and the steroid hormone signaling pathway. In vitro, binds A/T-rich DNA (By similarity). The effects of this transcriptional coregulation, transactivation or silencing, may vary depending upon the biological context. Sumoylates PML (at'Lys-65' and 'Lys-160') and PML-RAR [...] (651 aa) |
| | Thbd | Thrombomodulin; Thrombomodulin is a specific endothelial cell receptor that forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with thrombin. This complex is responsible for the conversion of protein C to the activated protein C (protein Ca). Once evolved, protein Ca scissions the activated cofactors of the coagulation mechanism, factor Va and factor VIIIa, and thereby reduces the amount of thrombin generated. (577 aa) |
| | Rhbdf2 | Inactive rhomboid protein 2; Regulates ADAM17 protease, a sheddase of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligands and TNF, thereby plays a role in sleep, cell survival, proliferation, migration and inflammation. Does not exhibit any protease activity on its own. Belongs to the peptidase S54 family. (827 aa) |
| | Ccr7 | C-C chemokine receptor type 7; Receptor for the MIP-3-beta chemokine. (378 aa) |
| | B2m | Beta-2-microglobulin; Component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system; Belongs to the beta-2-microglobulin family. (119 aa) |
| | Plcb2 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. This protein may be involved in the transduction of bitter taste stimuli (By similarity). (1181 aa) |
| | Cd47 | Leukocyte surface antigen CD47; Has a role in both cell adhesion by acting as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, and in the modulation of integrins. Plays an important role in memory formation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Receptor for SIRPA, binding to which prevents maturation of immature dendritic cells and inhibits cytokine production by mature dendritic cells. Interaction with SIRPG mediates cell-cell adhesion, enhances superantigen-dependent T-cell-mediated proliferation and costimulates T-cell activation. May play a role in membrane transport and/or integ [...] (324 aa) |
| | Ifit2 | Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2; IFN-induced antiviral protein which inhibits expression of viral messenger RNAs lacking 2'-O-methylation of the 5' cap. The ribose 2'-O-methylation would provide a molecular signature to distinguish between self and non-self mRNAs by the host during viral infection. Viruses evolved several ways to evade this restriction system such as encoding their own 2'-O-methylase for their mRNAs or by stealing host cap containing the 2'-O-methylation (cap snatching mechanism). Binds AU-rich viral RNAs, with or without 5' triphosphorylati [...] (470 aa) |
| | Dcn | Decorin; May affect the rate of fibrils formation; Belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. SLRP class I subfamily. (354 aa) |
| | Trpm2 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2; Nonselective, voltage-independent cation channel that mediates Na(+) and Ca(2+) influx, leading to increased cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels. Functions as ligand-gated ion channel. Binding of ADP-ribose to the cytoplasmic Nudix domain causes a conformation change; the channel is primed but still requires Ca(2+) binding to trigger channel opening. Extracellular calcium passes through the channel and increases channel activity (By similarity). Also contributes to Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores in response to ADP-ribose [...] (1506 aa) |
| | Coro1a | Coronin-1A; May be a crucial component of the cytoskeleton of highly motile cells, functioning both in the invagination of large pieces of plasma membrane, as well as in forming protrusions of the plasma membrane involved in cell locomotion. In mycobacteria-infected cells, its retention on the phagosomal membrane prevents fusion between phagosomes and lysosomes. (461 aa) |
| | Cxcr2 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2; Receptor for interleukin-8 which is a powerful neutrophil chemotactic factor. Binding of IL-8 to the receptor causes activation of neutrophils. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Binds to IL-8 with high affinity. Also binds with high affinity to CXCL3, GRO/MGSA and NAP-2. (359 aa) |
| | Mmp28 | Matrix metallopeptidase 28 (epilysin). (520 aa) |
| | Foxn1 | Forkhead box protein N1; Transcriptional regulator which regulates the development, differentiation, and function of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) both in the prenatal and postnatal thymus. Acts as a master regulator of the TECs lineage development and is required from the onset of differentiation in progenitor TECs in the developing fetus to the final differentiation steps through which TECs mature to acquire their full functionality. Regulates, either directly or indirectly the expression of a variety of genes that mediate diverse aspects of thymus development and function, includin [...] (648 aa) |
| | Pilrb1 | Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor beta; Paired receptors consist of highly related activating and inhibitory receptors and are widely involved in the regulation of the immune system. PILRB is thought to act as a cellular signaling activating receptor that associates with ITAM-bearing adapter molecules on the cell surface. Seems to associate with DAP12 and is a receptor for CD99. May be involved in target cell recognition by natural killer cells and in activation of dendritic cells. (224 aa) |
| | Tlr5 | Toll-like receptor 5; Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) located on the cell surface that participates in the activation of innate immunity and inflammatory response. Recognizes small molecular motifs named pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) expressed by pathogens and microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) usually expressed by resident microbiota. Upon ligand binding such as bacterial flagellins, recruits intracellular adapter proteins MYD88 and TRIF leading to NF- kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and induction of the inflammatory response. Plays thereby an impo [...] (873 aa) |
| | Camp | Cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide; Acts as a potent antimicrobial peptide. (172 aa) |
| | Ace2 | Processed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Carboxypeptidase which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a peptide of unknown function, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, a vasodilator (By similarity). Also able to hydrolyze apelin-13 and dynorphin-13 with high efficiency (By similarity). By cleavage of angiotensin II, may be an important regulator of heart function. By cleavage of angiotensin II, may also have a protective role in acute lung injury. Plays an important role in amino acid transport by acting as binding partner of amino acid transporter SLC6A19, regulating its tr [...] (805 aa) |
| | Snca | Alpha-synuclein; Neuronal protein that plays several roles in synaptic activity such as regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release. Participates as a monomer in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by enhancing vesicle priming, fusion and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, acts by increasing local Ca(2+) release from microdomains which is essential for the enhancement of ATP-induced exocytosis. Acts also as a molecular chaperone in its multimeric membrane-bound state, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components called SNAREs [...] (140 aa) |
| | Il1rn | Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein; Inhibits the activity of interleukin-1 by binding to receptor IL1R1 and preventing its association with the coreceptor IL1RAP for signaling. Has no interleukin-1 like activity; Belongs to the IL-1 family. (178 aa) |
| | Timp1 | Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1; Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16. Does not act on MMP14 (By similarity). Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1. Plays a role in integrin signaling; Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 [...] (205 aa) |
| | Slc29a3 | Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3; Mediates both influx and efflux of nucleosides across the membrane (equilibrative transporter). Mediates transport of adenine, adenosine and uridine (By similarity); Belongs to the SLC29A/ENT transporter (TC 2.A.57) family. (475 aa) |
| | S100a9 | Protein S100-A9; S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid [...] (113 aa) |
| | Ank1 | Ankyrin-1; Attaches integral membrane proteins to cytoskeletal elements; binds to the erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2, to Na-K ATPase, to the lymphocyte membrane protein GP85, and to the cytoskeletal proteins fodrin, tubulin, vimentin and desmin. Erythrocyte ankyrins also link spectrin (beta chain) to the cytoplasmic domain of the erythrocytes anion exchange protein; they retain most or all of these binding functions. In skeletal muscle, isoform Mu7 together with obscurin may provide a molecular link between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils. (1907 aa) |
| | Stk38 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase 38; Negative regulator of MAP3K1/2 signaling. Converts MAP3K2 from its phosphorylated form to its non-phosphorylated form and inhibits autophosphorylation of MAP3K2 (By similarity). (465 aa) |
| | Nod2 | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; Involved in gastrointestinal immunity. Upon stimulation by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan, binds the proximal adapter receptor-interacting RIPK2, which recruits ubiquitin ligases as XIAP, BIRC2, BIRC3, INAVA and the LUBAC complex, triggering activation of MAP kinases and activation of NF-kappa-B signaling. This in turn leads to the transcriptional activation of hundreds of genes involved in immune response. Required for MDP-induced NLRP1-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B release in macroph [...] (1013 aa) |
| | Aim2 | Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8. (354 aa) |
| | Stat3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interleukins, KITLG/SCF, LEP and other growth factors (By similarity). Once activated, recruits coactivators, such as NCOA1 or MED1, to the promoter region of the target gene (By similarity). May mediate cellular responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4 (By similarity). Binds to the interleukin-6 (IL-6)- responsive elements identified in the promoters of various acute-phase protein genes (By similarity). Activated by IL31 through IL31RA (By s [...] (770 aa) |
| | Fbxo7 | F-box only protein 7; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Recognizes BIRC2 and DLGAP5. Plays a role downstream of PINK1 in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) by targeting PRKN to dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria. Promotes MFN1 ubiquitination (By similarity). (523 aa) |
| | Ucp2 | Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2; UCP are mitochondrial transporter proteins that create proton leaks across the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis. As a result, energy is dissipated in the form of heat (By similarity); Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (309 aa) |
| | Chit1 | Chitotriosidase-1; Degrades chitin, chitotriose and chitobiose. May participate in the defense against nematodes and other pathogens (By similarity). Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. Chitinase class II subfamily. (464 aa) |
| | Pheta2 | Sesquipedalian-2; Plays a role in endocytic trafficking. Required for receptor recycling from endosomes, both to the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane. (259 aa) |
| | Il12b | Interleukin-12 subunit beta; Cytokine that can act as a growth factor for activated T and NK cells, enhance the lytic activity of NK/lymphokine-activated killer cells, and stimulate the production of IFN-gamma by resting PBMC. (335 aa) |
| | Zfp148 | Zinc finger protein 148; Involved in transcriptional regulation. Represses the transcription of a number of genes including gastrin, stromelysin and enolase. Binds to the G-rich box in the enhancer region of these genes. Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (794 aa) |
| | Irf5 | Interferon regulatory factor 5; Transcription factor involved in the induction of interferons IFNA and INFB and inflammatory cytokines upon virus infection. Activated by TLR7 or TLR8 signaling (By similarity). (497 aa) |
| | Muc5b | Mucin 5, subtype B, tracheobronchial. (4800 aa) |
| | Tap1 | Antigen peptide transporter 1; Involved in the transport of antigens from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum for association with MHC class I molecules. Also acts as a molecular scaffold for the final stage of MHC class I folding, namely the binding of peptide. Nascent MHC class I molecules associate with TAP via tapasin (By similarity); Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCB family. MHC peptide exporter (TC 3.A.1.209) subfamily. (724 aa) |
| | Cd36 | Platelet glycoprotein 4; Multifunctional glycoprotein that acts as receptor for a broad range of ligands. Ligands can be of proteinaceous nature like thrombospondin, fibronectin, collagen or amyloid-beta as well as of lipidic nature such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), anionic phospholipids, long-chain fatty acids and bacterial diacylated lipopeptides. They are generally multivalent and can therefore engage multiple receptors simultaneously, the resulting formation of CD36 clusters initiates signal transduction and internalization of receptor-ligand complexes. The dependen [...] (472 aa) |
| | Sulf1 | Extracellular sulfatase Sulf-1; Exhibits arylsulfatase activity and highly specific endoglucosamine-6-sulfatase activity. It can remove sulfate from the C- 6 position of glucosamine within specific subregions of intact heparin. Diminishes HSPG (heparan sulfate proteoglycans) sulfation, inhibits signaling by heparin-dependent growth factors, diminishes proliferation, and facilitates apoptosis in response to exogenous stimulation (By similarity). (870 aa) |
| | Xcr1 | Chemokine XC receptor 1; Receptor for chemokines SCYC1 and SCYC2. Subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ions level. Receptor for XCL1/Lymphotactin (Probable). (322 aa) |
| | Plekha7 | Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 7; Required for zonula adherens biogenesis and maintenance. Acts via its interaction with CAMSAP3, which anchors microtubules at their minus-ends to zonula adherens, leading to the recruitment of KIFC3 kinesin to the junctional site (By similarity). Mediates docking of ADAM10 to zonula adherens through a PDZD11-dependent interaction with the ADAM10-binding protein TSPAN33. (1266 aa) |
| | Ash1l | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASH1L; Histone methyltransferase specifically trimethylating 'Lys- 36' of histone H3 forming H3K36me3 (By similarity). Also monomethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me1) in vitro. The physiological significance of the H3K9me1 activity is unclear (Probable). (2958 aa) |
| | Stat1 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signaling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to [...] (755 aa) |
| | Slamf6 | SLAM family member 6; Self-ligand receptor of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family. SLAM receptors triggered by homo- or heterotypic cell-cell interactions are modulating the activation and differentiation of a wide variety of immune cells and thus are involved in the regulation and interconnection of both innate and adaptive immune response. Activities are controlled by presence or absence of small cytoplasmic adapter proteins, SH2D1A/SAP and/or SH2D1B/EAT-2. Triggers cytolytic activity only in natural killer cells (NK) expressing high surface densities of natur [...] (351 aa) |
| | Cyld | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase CYLD; Deubiquitinase that specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'- and linear 'Met-1'-linked polyubiquitin chains and is involved in NF-kappa-B activation and TNF-alpha-induced necroptosis. Plays an important role in the regulation of pathways leading to NF-kappa-B activation. Contributes to the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and differentiation via its effects on NF-kappa-B activation. Negative regulator of Wnt signaling. Inhibits HDAC6 and thereby promotes acetylation of alpha-tubulin and stabilization of microtubules. Plays a role in the regul [...] (955 aa) |
| | Cx3cr1 | CX3C chemokine receptor 1; Receptor for the CX3C chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1); binds to CX3CL1 and mediates both its adhesive and migratory functions. (354 aa) |
| | Il18 | Interleukin-18; A proinflammatory cytokine primarily involved in polarized T- helper 1 (Th1) cell and natural killer (NK) cell immune responses. Upon binding to IL18R1 and IL18RAP, forms a signaling ternary complex which activates NF-kappa-B, triggering synthesis of inflammatory mediators. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Belongs to the IL-1 family. (192 aa) |
| | Usp15 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15; Hydrolase that removes conjugated ubiquitin from target proteins and regulates various pathways such as the TGF-beta receptor signaling, NF-kappa-B and RNF41/NRDP1-PRKN pathways. Acts as a key regulator of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway, but the precise mechanism is still unclear: according to a report, acts by promoting deubiquitination of monoubiquitinated R-SMADs (SMAD1, SMAD2 and/or SMAD3), thereby alleviating inhibition of R-SMADs and promoting activation of TGF-beta target genes. According to another reports, regulates the TGF-beta r [...] (981 aa) |
| | Prf1 | Perforin-1; Plays a key role in secretory granule-dependent cell death, and in defense against virus-infected or neoplastic cells. Can insert into the membrane of target cells in its calcium-bound form, oligomerize and form large pores. Promotes cytolysis and apoptosis of target cells by facilitating the uptake of cytotoxic granzymes. (554 aa) |
| | Trim38 | Tripartite motif-containing 38. (471 aa) |
| | Ebag9 | Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells; May participate in suppression of cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death through activation of interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteases. (213 aa) |
| | Gpr108 | Protein GPR108; Belongs to the LU7TM family. (569 aa) |
| | Pglyrp2 | N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; May play a scavenger role by digesting biologically active peptidoglycan (PGN) into biologically inactive fragments. Has no direct bacteriolytic activity; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (530 aa) |
