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| | B4galt1 | Processed beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1; The Golgi complex form catalyzes the production of lactose in the lactating mammary gland and could also be responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins as well as the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 7 family. (399 aa) |
| | Txnrd3 | Thioredoxin reductase 3; Displays thioredoxin reductase, glutaredoxin and glutathione reductase activities. Catalyzes disulfide bond isomerization. Promotes disulfide bond formation between GPX4 and various sperm proteins and may play a role in sperm maturation by promoting formation of sperm structural components; Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. (615 aa) |
| | Aox1 | Aldehyde oxidase 1; Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide, N-methylphthalazinium and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. Plays a role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Participates in the bioactivation of prodrugs such as famciclovir, catalyzing the oxidation step from 6-deoxypenciclovir to penciclovir, which is a potent antiviral agent. Also plays a role in the reductive metabolism of the xenobiotic imid [...] (1333 aa) |
| | Uck1 | Uridine-cytidine kinase 1; Phosphorylates uridine and cytidine to uridine monophosphate and cytidine monophosphate. Does not phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides or purine ribonucleosides. Can use ATP or GTP as a phosphate donor. Can also phosphorylate cytidine and uridine nucleoside analogs such as 6- azauridine, 5-fluorouridine, 4-thiouridine, 5-bromouridine, N(4)- acetylcytidine, N(4)-benzoylcytidine, 5-fluorocytidine, 2-thiocytidine, 5-methylcytidine, and N(4)-anisoylcytidine (By similarity). (283 aa) |
| | Gdf15 | Growth/differentiation factor 15; Regulates food intake, energy expenditure and body weight in response to metabolic and toxin-induced stresses. Binds to its receptor, GFRAL, and activates GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem. It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which contitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes feeding responses to stressful conditions. On hepatocytes, inhibits growth hormone signaling. (303 aa) |
| | Adh1 | Alcohol dehydrogenase 1; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-I subfamily. (375 aa) |
| | G6pdx | Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase X; Cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of the oxidative branch within the pentose phosphate pathway/shunt, an alternative route to glycolysis for the dissimilation of carbohydrates and a major source of reducing power and metabolic intermediates for fatty acid and nucleic acid biosynthetic processes. (515 aa) |
| | Gpx6 | Glutathione peroxidase 6; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (221 aa) |
| | Plod3 | Multifunctional procollagen lysine hydroxylase and glycosyltransferase LH3; Multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes a series of post- translational modifications on Lys residues in procollagen. Plays a redundant role in catalyzing the formation of hydroxylysine residues in -Xaa-Lys-Gly- sequences in collagens. Plays a redundant role in catalyzing the transfer of galactose onto hydroxylysine groups, giving rise to galactosyl 5- hydroxylysine (By similarity). Has an essential role by catalyzing the subsequent transfer of glucose moieties, giving rise to 1,2- glucosylgalactosyl-5-hydroxylys [...] (741 aa) |
| | Adh5 | Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3; Catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione. Also oxidizes long chain omega-hydroxy fatty acids, such as 20-HETE, producing both the intermediate aldehyde, 20-oxoarachidonate and the end product, a dicarboxylic acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenedioate. Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol. (374 aa) |
| | Ggt1 | Glutathione hydrolase 1 heavy chain; Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bond of extracellular glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly), glutathione conjugates, and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. The metabolism of glutathione releases free glutamate and the dipeptide cysteinyl-glycine, which is hydrolyzed to cysteine and glycine by dipeptidases. In the presence of high concentrations of dipeptides and some amino acids, can also catalyze a transpeptidation reaction, transferring the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid to form a new gamma-glutamyl compound. Initiates extracellular glutathione [...] (568 aa) |
| | Akr1b7 | Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B7; Reduces a broad range of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols. Reduces prostaglandins. May play a role in the metabolism of xenobiotic aromatic aldehydes (By similarity); Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. (316 aa) |
| | Adh4 | All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4; Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of either all-trans- retinol or 9-cis-retinol (By similarity). Also oxidizes long chain omega-hydroxy fatty acids, such as 20-HETE, producing both the intermediate aldehyde, 20-oxoarachidonate and the end product, a dicarboxylic acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenedioate. Also catalyzes the reduction of benzoquinones (By similarity); Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-II subfamily. (377 aa) |
| | Hsd11b1 | Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1; Catalyzes reversibly the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. (292 aa) |
| | Mfng | Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase manic fringe; Glycosyltransferase that initiates the elongation of O-linked fucose residues attached to EGF-like repeats in the extracellular domain of Notch molecules. Modulates NOTCH1 activity by modifying O- fucose residues at specific EGF-like domains resulting in inhibition of NOTCH1 activation by JAG1 and enhancement of NOTCH1 activation by DLL1 via an increase in its binding to DLL1. (321 aa) |
| | Aldh3a1 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring; ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol- derived acetaldehyde (Probable). They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation (Probable). Oxidizes medium and long chain aldehydes into non-toxic fatty acids. Preferentially oxidizes aromatic aldehyde substrates. Comprises about 50 percent of corneal epithelial soluble proteins. May play a role in preventing corneal damage caused by ultraviolet light. (453 aa) |
| | Upp1 | Uridine phosphorylase 1; Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylytic cleavage of uridine and deoxyuridine to uracil and ribose- or deoxyribose-1-phosphate. The produced molecules are then utilized as carbon and energy sources or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis; Belongs to the PNP/UDP phosphorylase family. (311 aa) |
| | Igfbp1 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1; IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors. Promotes cell migration (By similarity). (272 aa) |
| | Akr1c18 | Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C18; Catalyzes the conversion of progesterone into 20-alpha- dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-OHP); Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. (323 aa) |
| | Mrs2 | Magnesium transporter MRS2 homolog, mitochondrial; Magnesium transporter that mediates the influx of magnesium into the mitochondrial matrix. Required for normal expression of the mitochondrial respiratory complex I subunits. (434 aa) |
| | Tpmt | Thiopurine S-methyltransferase; Catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs such as 6- mercaptopurine (also called mercaptopurine, 6-MP or its brand name Purinethol) using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. TPMT activity modulates the cytotoxic effects of thiopurine prodrugs. A natural substrate for this enzyme has yet to be identified; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TPMT family. (240 aa) |
| | Gpx8 | Probable glutathione peroxidase 8; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (209 aa) |
| | Cryl1 | Lambda-crystallin homolog; Belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. (319 aa) |
| | Dgat1 | Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1; Catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. In contrast to DGAT2 it is not essential for survival. May be involved in VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) assembly. In liver, plays a role in esterifying exogenous fatty acids to glycerol. Functions as the major acyl-CoA retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) in the skin, where it acts to maintain retinoid homeostasis and prevent retinoid toxicity leading to skin and hair disorders. (498 aa) |
| | Umps | Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the OMP decarboxylase family. (481 aa) |
| | St6gal1 | Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1; Transfers sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose- containing acceptor substrates. (403 aa) |
| | Xdh | Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase; Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. (1335 aa) |
| | St6gal2 | Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2; Transfers sialic acid from the donor of substrate CMP-sialic acid to galactose containing acceptor substrates. Has alpha-2,6- sialyltransferase activity toward oligosaccharides that have the Gal- beta-1,4-GlcNAc sequence at the non-reducing end of their carbohydrate groups, but it has weak or no activities toward glycoproteins and glycolipids. (524 aa) |
| | Tnf | Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...] (235 aa) |
| | Fbn2 | Fibrillin-2 C-terminal peptide; [Fibrillin-2]: Fibrillins are structural components of 10-12 nm extracellular calcium-binding microfibrils, which occur either in association with elastin or in elastin-free bundles. Fibrillin-2- containing microfibrils regulate the early process of elastic fiber assembly. Regulates osteoblast maturation by controlling TGF-beta bioavailability and calibrating TGF-beta and BMP levels, respectively. (2907 aa) |
| | Maoa | Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A; Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine (By similarity). (526 aa) |
| | Dcxr | L-xylulose reductase; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of several pentoses, tetroses, trioses, alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and L-xylulose. Participates in the uronate cycle of glucose metabolism. May play a role in the water absorption and cellular osmoregulation in the proximal renal tubules by producing xylitol, an osmolyte, thereby preventing osmolytic stress from occurring in the renal tubules. (244 aa) |
| | Rfng | Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase radical fringe; Glycosyltransferase that initiates the elongation of O-linked fucose residues attached to EGF-like repeats in the extracellular domain of Notch molecules. Modulates NOTCH1 activity by modifying O- fucose residues at specific EGF-like domains resulting in enhancement of NOTCH1 activation by DLL1 and JAG1. May be involved in limb formation and in neurogenesis (By similarity). (332 aa) |
| | Nat1 | Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1; Participates in the detoxification of a plethora of hydrazine and arylamine drugs. Isoniazid, 2-aminofluorene and anisidine are preferred substrates for NAT-1. No activity with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) nor SMZ. (290 aa) |
| | Dtymk | Thymidylate kinase; Catalyzes the conversion of dTMP to dTDP; Belongs to the thymidylate kinase family. (212 aa) |
| | Fmo9 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming]. (539 aa) |
| | Aldh9a1 | 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase; Converts gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde into gamma- butyrobetaine with high efficiency (in vitro). Can catalyze the irreversible oxidation of a broad range of aldehydes to the corresponding acids in an NAD-dependent reaction, but with low efficiency. (518 aa) |
| | Fmo3 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3; Essential hepatic enzyme that catalyzes the oxygenation of a wide variety of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds including drugs as well as dietary compounds. Plays an important role in the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), via the production of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) metabolite. TMA is generated by the action of gut microbiota using dietary precursors such as choline, choline containing compounds, betaine or L-carnitine. By regulating TMAO concentration, FMO3 directly impacts both platelet responsiveness and rate of thr [...] (534 aa) |
| | F2 | Activation peptide fragment 1; Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing (By similarity). (618 aa) |
| | Ggt7 | Glutathione hydrolase 7 heavy chain; Cleaves glutathione conjugates. (662 aa) |
| | Lrat | Lecithin retinol acyltransferase; Transfers the acyl group from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to all-trans retinol, producing all-trans retinyl esters (By similarity). Retinyl esters are storage forms of vitamin A (By similarity). LRAT plays a critical role in vision (By similarity). It provides the all-trans retinyl ester substrates for the isomerohydrolase which processes the esters into 11-cis-retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium; due to a membrane-associated alcohol dehydrogenase, 11 cis-retinol is oxidized and converted into 11-cis- retinaldehyde which is the chrom [...] (231 aa) |
| | St3gal3 | CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-1,4-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase; Catalyzes the formation of the NeuAc-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,4- GlcNAc-, NeuAc-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,3-GlcNAc- and NeuAc-alpha-2,3-Gal- beta-1,3-GalNAc- sequences found in terminal carbohydrate groups of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The highest activity is toward Gal-beta- 1,3-GlcNAc and the lowest toward Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc. (374 aa) |
| | B4galt2 | Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 2; Responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins as well as the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids. Can produce lactose (By similarity). (369 aa) |
| | Txndc12 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12; Possesses significant protein thiol-disulfide oxidase activity. (170 aa) |
| | Gpx7 | Glutathione peroxidase 7; It protects esophageal epithelia from hydrogen peroxide- induced oxidative stress. It suppresses acidic bile acid-induced reactive oxigen species (ROS) and protects against oxidative DNA damage and double-strand breaks (By similarity). (186 aa) |
| | Ugdh | UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the formation of UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate, a constituent of complex glycosaminoglycans. Required for the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate. Required for embryonic development via its role in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans ; Belongs to the UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase family. (493 aa) |
| | Ugt2b34 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (532 aa) |
| | Ugt2b1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (529 aa) |
| | Ugt2b35 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (529 aa) |
| | Ugt2a3 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A3; UDP-glucuronosyltransferases catalyze phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase water solubility and enhance excretion. They are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds (By similarity); Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (534 aa) |
| | Aldh2 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Is capable of converting retinaldehyde to retinoic acid. (519 aa) |
| | Lfng | Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase lunatic fringe; Glycosyltransferase that initiates the elongation of O-linked fucose residues attached to EGF-like repeats in the extracellular domain of Notch molecules. Modulates NOTCH1 activity by modifying O- fucose residues at specific EGF-like domains resulting in inhibition of NOTCH1 activation by JAG1 and enhancement of NOTCH1 activation by DLL1 via an increase in its binding to DLL1. Decreases the binding of JAG1 to NOTCH2 but not that of DLL1 (By similarity). Essential mediator of somite segmentation and patterning. During somite bound [...] (378 aa) |
| | Cyp11a1 | Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes the side-chain hydroxylation and cleavage of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the precursor of most steroid hormones. Catalyzes three sequential oxidation reactions of cholesterol, namely the hydroxylation at C22 followed with the hydroxylation at C20 to yield 20R,22R- hydroxycholesterol that is further cleaved between C20 and C22 to yield the C21-steroid pregnenolone and 4-methylpentanal. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate and reducing the se [...] (526 aa) |
| | Pomt2 | Protein O-mannosyl-transferase 2; Transfers mannosyl residues to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues. Coexpression of both POMT1 and POMT2 is necessary for enzyme activity, expression of either POMT1 or POMT2 alone is insufficient. Essentially dedicated to O-mannosylation of alpha-DAG1 and few other proteins but not of cadherins and protocaherins. (820 aa) |
| | Ugt1a2 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-2; UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. (533 aa) |
| | Fmo1 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1; This protein is involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides. Form I catalyzes the N-oxygenation of secondary and tertiary amines. (532 aa) |
| | Pomt1 | Protein O-mannosyl-transferase 1; Transfers mannosyl residues to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues. Coexpression of both POMT1 and POMT2 is necessary for enzyme activity, expression of either POMT1 or POMT2 alone is insufficient. Essentially dedicated to O-mannosylation of alpha-DAG1 and few other proteins but not of cadherins and protocaherins. (746 aa) |
| | Akr1b10 | Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B10 (aldose reductase). (316 aa) |
| | Dpyd | Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]; Involved in pyrimidine base degradation. Catalyzes the reduction of uracil and thymine (By similarity). (1025 aa) |
| | Gm4847 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming]. (537 aa) |
| | Akr1b8 | Aldose reductase-related protein 2. (316 aa) |
| | Maob | Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B; Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOB preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine (By similarity). (520 aa) |
| | Aldh1b1 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial; ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol- derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation (By similarity). (519 aa) |
| | Blvrb | Flavin reductase (NADPH); Broad specificity oxidoreductase that catalyzes the NADPH- dependent reduction of a variety of flavins, such as riboflavin, FAD or FMN, biliverdins, methemoglobin and PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone). Contributes to heme catabolism and metabolizes linear tetrapyrroles. Can also reduce the complexed Fe(3+) iron to Fe(2+) in the presence of FMN and NADPH. In the liver, converts biliverdin to bilirubin. (206 aa) |
| | Fmo2 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 2; This protein is involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides. Shows catalytic activity towards methimazole, thiourea, trimethylamine, and the insecticide phorate; Belongs to the FMO family. (535 aa) |
| | Igfbp2 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2; Inhibits IGF-mediated growth and developmental rates (By similarity). IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors. (305 aa) |
| | Xylb | Xylulose kinase; Phosphorylates D-xylulose to produce D-xylulose 5-phosphate, a molecule that may play an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and lipogenesis. (551 aa) |
| | Akr1d1 | Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1; Catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reduction of the C4-C5 double bond of bile acid intermediates and steroid hormones carrying a delta(4)-3-one structure to yield an A/B cis-ring junction. This cis-configuration is crucial for bile acid biosynthesis and plays important roles in steroid metabolism. Capable of reducing a broad range of delta-(4)-3-ketosteroids from C18 (such as, 17beta- hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one) to C27 (such as, 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3- one); Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. (325 aa) |
| | Aox4 | Aldehyde oxidase 4; Aldehyde oxidase able to catalyze the oxidation of retinaldehyde into retinoate. Is responsible for the major all-trans- retinaldehyde-metabolizing activity in the Harderian gland, and contributes a significant amount of the same activity in the skin. Is devoid of pyridoxal-oxidizing activity, in contrast to the other aldehyde oxidases. Acts as a negative modulator of the epidermal trophism. May be able to oxidize a wide variety of aldehydes into their corresponding carboxylates and to hydroxylate azaheterocycles. Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family. (1336 aa) |
| | Aox3 | Aldehyde oxidase 3; Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal and pyridoxal. Plays a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Is probably involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. May be a prominent source of superoxide generation via the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. Also may catalyze nitric oxide (NO) production via the reduction of nitrite to NO with N [...] (1335 aa) |
| | Uckl1 | Uridine-cytidine kinase-like 1; May contribute to UTP accumulation needed for blast transformation and proliferation. (548 aa) |
| | Cpox | Oxygen-dependent coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase, mitochondrial; Involved in the heme biosynthesis. Catalyzes the aerobic oxidative decarboxylation of propionate groups of rings A and B of coproporphyrinogen-III to yield the vinyl groups in protoporphyrinogen- IX (By similarity). (443 aa) |
| | Aldh3b1 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1; Oxidizes medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated aldehydes. Metabolizes also benzaldehyde (By similarity). Low activity towards acetaldehyde and 3,4- dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (By similarity). May not metabolize short chain aldehydes. Can use both NADP(+) and NAD(+) as electron acceptor (By similarity). May have a protective role against the cytotoxicity induced by lipid peroxidation (By similarity). (468 aa) |
| | Igfals | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile subunit; May have an important role in regulating the access of circulating IGFs to the tissues. (603 aa) |
| | Uck2 | Uridine-cytidine kinase 2; Phosphorylates uridine and cytidine to uridine monophosphate and cytidine monophosphate. Does not phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides or purine ribonucleosides. Can use ATP or GTP as a phosphate donor. Can also phosphorylate cytidine and uridine nucleoside analogs such as 6- azauridine, 5-fluorouridine, 4-thiouridine, 5-bromouridine, N(4)- acetylcytidine, N(4)-benzoylcytidine, 5-fluorocytidine, 2-thiocytidine, 5-methylcytidine, and N(4)-anisoylcytidine (By similarity). (261 aa) |
| | Gulo | L-gulonolactone oxidase; Oxidizes L-gulono-1,4-lactone to hydrogen peroxide and L- xylo-hexulonolactone which spontaneously isomerizes to L-ascorbate. Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (440 aa) |
| | Ifng | Interferon gamma; Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. (155 aa) |
| | Aldh7a1 | Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase; Multifunctional enzyme mediating important protective effects. Metabolizes betaine aldehyde to betaine, an important cellular osmolyte and methyl donor. Protects cells from oxidative stress by metabolizing a number of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes. Involved in lysine catabolism (By similarity). (539 aa) |
| | Alas2 | 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial. (587 aa) |
| | Ugt2b5 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17; UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. (530 aa) |
| | Nat3 | Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 3; Participates in the detoxification of a plethora of hydrazine and arylamine drugs. (290 aa) |
| | Ggt5 | Glutathione hydrolase 5 heavy chain; Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl peptide bond of glutathione conjugates, but maybe not glutathione itself. Converts leukotriene C4 (LTC4) to leukotriene D4 (LTD4). (573 aa) |
| | Ugt2b38 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B38. (530 aa) |
| | Ugt1a1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1; UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. (535 aa) |
| | Ppox | Protoporphyrinogen oxidase; Catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen-IX to form protoporphyrin-IX. (477 aa) |
| | Ugt1a9 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9; UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. (528 aa) |
| | Aldh3a2 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A2; Catalyzes the oxidation of medium and long-chain aliphatic aldehydes to fatty acids. Active on a variety of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes between 6 and 24 carbons in length. Responsible for conversion of the sphingosine 1- phosphate (S1P) degradation product hexadecenal to hexadecenoic acid. (484 aa) |
| | Gfral | GDNF family receptor alpha-like; Brainstem-restricted receptor for GDF15 which regulates food intake, energy expenditure and body weight in response to metabolic and toxin-induced stresses. Upon interaction with its ligand, GDF15, interacts with RET and induces cellular signaling through activation of MAPK- and AKT- signaling pathways. Belongs to the GDNFR family. (393 aa) |
| | Ugt2b37 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (530 aa) |
| | Ggt6 | Glutathione hydrolase 6 heavy chain; Cleaves glutathione conjugates; Belongs to the gamma-glutamyltransferase family. (497 aa) |
| | Hmbs | Porphobilinogen deaminase; Tetrapolymerization of the monopyrrole PBG into the hydroxymethylbilane pre-uroporphyrinogen in several discrete steps; Belongs to the HMBS family. (361 aa) |
| | Ugt2a2 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A2; UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. (528 aa) |
| | Impdh2 | Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2; Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth. Could also have a single-stranded nucleic acid-binding activity and could play a role in RNA and/or DNA metabolism. It may also have a role in the development of malignancy and the growth progression of some tumors. Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family. (514 aa) |
| | Gpx1 | Glutathione peroxidase 1; Protects the hemoglobin in erythrocytes from oxidative breakdown. (201 aa) |
| | Gpx3 | Glutathione peroxidase 3; Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. (226 aa) |
| | Gpx2 | Glutathione peroxidase 2. (190 aa) |
| | Fut9 | 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 9; Catalyzes the transfer of L-fucose, from a guanosine diphosphate-beta-L-fucose, to the N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) of a distal lactosamine unit of a glycoprotein or a glycolipid-linked polylactosamine chains through an alpha-1,3 glycosidic linkage and participates in particular to the Lewis x (Lex)/CD15 epitope biosynthesis in neurons which allows cell differentiation, cell adhesion, and initiation of neurite outgrowth. Also fucosylates di-, tri- and tetraantennary N-glycans linked to glycoproteins and the inner lacto [...] (359 aa) |
| | Adh7 | All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH7; Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of all-trans-retinol, alcohol, aldehyde and omega-hydroxy fatty acids and their derivatives. Oxidizes preferentially all trans-retinol, all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol, 9-cis-retinol, 2-hexenol, and long chain omega-hydroxy fatty acids such as juniperic acid. In vitro can also catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of all-trans-retinal and aldehydes and their derivatives. Reduces preferentially all trans-retinal, all-trans-4-oxoretinal and hexanal. Catalyzes in the oxidative direction with higher efficiency [...] (374 aa) |
| | Ugt2b36 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (530 aa) |
| | Gpx4 | Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; Essential antioxidant peroxidase that directly reduces phospholipid hydroperoxide even if they are incorporated in membranes and lipoproteins. Can also reduce fatty acid hydroperoxide, cholesterol hydroperoxide and thymine hydroperoxide (By similarity). Plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation. Required to prevent cells from ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death resulting from an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species. The presence of selenocysteine (Se [...] (253 aa) |
| | Ugt1a5 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (529 aa) |
| | Idh1 | Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (414 aa) |
| | Ugp2 | UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; Plays a central role as a glucosyl donor in cellular metabolic pathways. (508 aa) |
| | Akr1b3 | Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols. Displays enzymatic activity towards endogenous metabolites such as aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, ketones, monosacharides, bile acids and xenobiotics substrates. Key enzyme in the polyol pathway, catalyzes reduction of glucose to sorbitol during hyperglycemia. Reduces steroids and their derivatives and prostaglandins. Displays low enzymatic activity toward all-trans-retinal, 9-cis-retinal, and 13-cis- retinal. Catalyzes t [...] (316 aa) |
| | Igf1 | Insulin-like growth factor I; The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation (By similarity). Ca(2 [...] (159 aa) |
| | Tomt | Transmembrane O-methyltransferase homolog; Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Required for auditory function. Component of the cochlear hair cell's mechanotransduction (MET) machinery. Involved in the assembly of the asymmetric tip-link MET complex. Required for transportation of TMC1 and TMC2 proteins into the mechanically sensitive stereocilia of the hair cells. The function in MET is independent of the enzymatic activity ; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-de [...] (258 aa) |
| | Fmo5 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 5; In contrast with other forms of FMO it does not seem to be a drug-metabolizing enzyme. (533 aa) |
| | Idh2 | Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial; Plays a role in intermediary metabolism and energy production. It may tightly associate or interact with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (452 aa) |
| | Ppara | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn- glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety. Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and [...] (468 aa) |
| | Gpx5 | Epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase; Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against peroxide damage in sperm membrane lipids. (221 aa) |
| | Sord | Sorbitol dehydrogenase; Polyol dehydrogenase that catalyzes the reversible NAD(+)- dependent oxidation of various sugar alcohols (By similarity). Is active with D-sorbitol (D-glucitol) leading to the C2-oxidized product D-fructose. Is a key enzyme in the polyol pathway that interconverts glucose and fructose via sorbitol, which constitutes an important alternate route for glucose metabolism (By similarity). May play a role in sperm motility by using sorbitol as an alternative energy source for sperm motility and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Has no activity on ethanol. Cannot use N [...] (357 aa) |
| | Fmo4 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 4; This protein is involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides; Belongs to the FMO family. (560 aa) |
| | Ugt1a6a | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6; UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Conjugates small planar phenolic molecules such as 4- nitrophenol, 1-naphthol, and 4-methylumbelliferone. The bulky phenol 4- hydroxybiphenyl, androgens and estrogens are not substrates. 2- hydroxybiphenyl is an excellent substrate; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (531 aa) |
| | Ugt1a6b | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (531 aa) |
| | Ugt1a8 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-7C; UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols. (530 aa) |
| | Ugt1a10 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (530 aa) |
| | Aox2 | Aldehyde oxidase 2; Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde and retinal. Cannot use hypoxanthine as substrate. (1345 aa) |
| | Ugt2a1 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A1; UDP-glucuronosyltransferases catalyze phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase water solubility and enhance excretion. They are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Active on odorants and seems to be involved in olfaction; it could help clear lipophilic odorant molecules from the sensory epithelium. (528 aa) |
| | Aldh3b2 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2; Oxidizes medium and long chain aldehydes into non-toxic fatty acids; Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (479 aa) |
| | St3gal6 | Type 2 lactosamine alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase; Involved in the synthesis of sialyl-paragloboside, a precursor of sialyl-Lewis X determinant. Has a alpha-2,3- sialyltransferase activity toward Gal-beta1,4-GlcNAc structure on glycoproteins and glycolipids. Has a restricted substrate specificity, it utilizes Gal-beta1,4-GlcNAc on glycoproteins, and neolactotetraosylceramide and neolactohexaosylceramide, but not lactotetraosylceramide, lactosylceramide or asialo-GM1 (By similarity). Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family. (329 aa) |
| | Alas1 | 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (642 aa) |
| | Gm4846 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming]. (538 aa) |
| | Impdh1 | Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1; Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth. Could also have a single-stranded nucleic acid-binding activity and could play a role in RNA and/or DNA metabolism. It may also have a role in the development of malignancy and the growth progression of some tumors. (514 aa) |
| | Nat2 | Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2; Participates in the detoxification of a plethora of hydrazine and arylamine drugs. 2-aminofluorene and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) are preferred substrates for NAT-2. Less activity with anisidine and barely detectable with SMZ. (290 aa) |
| | Comt | Catechol O-methyltransferase; Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA and isoproterenol; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family. (265 aa) |
| | G6pd2 | Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 2; Cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of the oxidative branch within the pentose phosphate pathway/shunt, an alternative route to glycolysis for the dissimilation of carbohydrates and a major source of reducing power and metabolic intermediates for fatty acid and nucleic acid biosynthetic processes. (513 aa) |
| | Hsd17b3 | Testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase 3; Favors the reduction of androstenedione to testosterone. Uses NADPH while the two other EDH17B enzymes use NADH. Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. 17-beta-HSD 3 subfamily. (305 aa) |
| | Aldh3b3 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B3; Oxidizes medium and long chain aldehydes into non-toxic fatty acids. (479 aa) |
| | Fmo6 | Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming]. (532 aa) |
| | Txnrd2 | Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial; Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. Implicated in the defenses against oxidative stress. May play a role in redox-regulated cell signaling. (527 aa) |
| | Txnrd1 | Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic; Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. (499 aa) |
