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Pfn1 | Profilin-1; Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations. By binding to PIP2, it inhibits the formation of IP3 and DG. Inhibits androgen receptor (AR) and HTT aggregation and binding of G-actin is essential for its inhibition of AR (By similarity). (140 aa) | ||||
Vmp1 | Vacuole membrane protein 1; Stress-induced protein that, when overexpressed, promotes formation of intracellular vacuoles followed by cell death (By similarity). May be involved in the cytoplasmic vacuolization of acinar cells during the early stage of acute pancreatitis. Involved in cell-cell adhesion. Plays an essential role in formation of cell junctions. Plays a role in the initial stages of the autophagic process through its interaction with BECN1. Required for autophagosome formation (By similarity); Belongs to the VMP1 family. (406 aa) | ||||
Scin | Adseverin; Ca(2+)-dependent actin filament-severing protein that has a regulatory function in exocytosis by affecting the organization of the microfilament network underneath the plasma membrane. Severing activity is inhibited by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis- phosphate (PIP2) (By similarity). In vitro, also has barbed end capping and nucleating activities in the presence of Ca(2+). Required for megakaryocyte differentiation, maturation, polyploidization and apoptosis with the release of platelet-like particles (By similarity). Plays a role in osteoclastogenesis (OCG) and actin cytoskel [...] (715 aa) | ||||
Twf2 | Twinfilin-2; Actin-binding protein involved in motile and morphological processes. Inhibits actin polymerization, likely by sequestering G- actin. By capping the barbed ends of filaments, it also regulates motility. Seems to play an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and distribution of endocytic organelles. May play a role in regulating the mature length of the middle and short rows of stereocilia; Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. Twinfilin subfamily. (349 aa) | ||||
Pfn5 | Profilin; Belongs to the profilin family. (152 aa) | ||||
Cfl1 | Cofilin-1; Binds to F-actin and exhibits pH-sensitive F-actin depolymerizing activity. Regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Important for normal progress through mitosis and normal cytokinesis. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required for the up-regulation of atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation (By similarity). Required for neural tube morphogenesis and neural crest cell migration ; Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. (166 aa) | ||||
Csn2 | Beta-casein; Important role in determination of the surface properties of the casein micelles. (231 aa) | ||||
Pfn4 | Profilin-4; Binds to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) and phosphatidic acid (PA). Does not bind to actin, contrary to other family members (By similarity). (129 aa) | ||||
Sumo3 | Small ubiquitin-related modifier 3; Ubiquitin-like protein which can be covalently attached to target lysines either as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. Does not seem to be involved in protein degradation and may function as an antagonist of ubiquitin in the degradation process. Plays a role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Covalent attachment to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I, and can be promoted by an E3 ligase such [...] (113 aa) | ||||
Diaph3 | Protein diaphanous homolog 3; Actin nucleation and elongation factor required for the assembly of F-actin structures, such as actin cables and stress fibers. Required for cytokinesis, stress fiber formation and transcriptional activation of the serum response factor. Binds to GTP-bound form of Rho and to profilin: acts in a Rho-dependent manner to recruit profilin to the membrane, where it promotes actin polymerization. DFR proteins couple Rho and Src tyrosine kinase during signaling and the regulation of actin dynamics. Also acts as an actin nucleation and elongation factor in the nuc [...] (1171 aa) | ||||
Gapdh | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubu [...] (359 aa) | ||||
Tmsb4x | Hematopoietic system regulatory peptide; Plays an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton. Binds to and sequesters actin monomers (G actin) and therefore inhibits actin polymerization. (44 aa) | ||||
Wasf1 | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 1; Downstream effector molecule involved in the transmission of signals from tyrosine kinase receptors and small GTPases to the actin cytoskeleton. Promotes formation of actin filaments. Part of the WAVE complex that regulates lamellipodia formation. The WAVE complex regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with the Arp2/3 complex (By similarity). As component of the WAVE1 complex, required for BDNF-NTRK2 endocytic trafficking and signaling from early endosomes ; Belongs to the SCAR/WAVE family. (559 aa) | ||||
Pde7a | High affinity cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7A; Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. May have a role in muscle signal transduction (By similarity). (482 aa) | ||||
Icam1 | Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; ICAM proteins are ligands for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1 (integrin alpha-L/beta-2). During leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, ICAM1 engagement promotes the assembly of endothelial apical cups through ARHGEF26/SGEF and RHOG activation (By similarity). (537 aa) | ||||
Daam1 | Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1; Binds to disheveled (Dvl) and Rho, and mediates Wnt-induced Dvl-Rho complex formation. May play a role as a scaffolding protein to recruit Rho-GDP and Rho-GEF, thereby enhancing Rho-GTP formation. Can direct nucleation and elongation of new actin filaments (By similarity). Involved in building functional cilia. Involved in the organization of the subapical actin network in multiciliated epithelial cells (By similarity). Together with DAAM2, required for myocardial maturation and sarcomere assembly. Belongs to the formin homology family. (1077 aa) | ||||
Cfl2 | Cofilin-2; Controls reversibly actin polymerization and depolymerization in a pH-sensitive manner. It has the ability to bind G- and F-actin in a 1:1 ratio of cofilin to actin. It is the major component of intranuclear and cytoplasmic actin rods. Required for muscle maintenance. May play a role during the exchange of alpha-actin forms during the early postnatal remodeling of the sarcomere. (166 aa) | ||||
Actg1 | Actin, cytoplasmic 2, N-terminally processed; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (375 aa) | ||||
Pfn2 | Profilin-2; Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations. By binding to PIP2, it inhibits the formation of IP3 and DG. (140 aa) | ||||
Pfn3 | Profilin-3; Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. Binds to poly-L-proline, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P). Slightly reduces actin polymerization. May be involved in spermatogenesis. (137 aa) | ||||
Ctrb1 | Chymotrypsin B chain A; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (263 aa) | ||||
Vasp | Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein; Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance, lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics, platelet activation and cell migration. VASP promotes actin filament elongation. It protects the barbed end of growing actin filaments against capping and increases the rate of actin polymerization in the presence of capping protein. VASP stimulates actin filament elongation by promoting the transfer of profilin-bound actin monomers onto the barbed end [...] (375 aa) | ||||
Gsn | Gelsolin; Calcium-regulated, actin-modulating protein that binds to the plus (or barbed) ends of actin monomers or filaments, preventing monomer exchange (end-blocking or capping). It can promote the assembly of monomers into filaments (nucleation) as well as sever filaments already formed. Plays a role in ciliogenesis; Belongs to the villin/gelsolin family. (780 aa) | ||||
Diaph1 | Protein diaphanous homolog 1; Actin nucleation and elongation factor required for the assembly of F-actin structures, such as actin cables and stress fibers. Binds to the barbed end of the actin filament and slows down actin polymerization and depolymerization. Required for cytokinesis, and transcriptional activation of the serum response factor. DFR proteins couple Rho and Src tyrosine kinase during signaling and the regulation of actin dynamics. Functions as a scaffold protein for MAPRE1 and APC to stabilize microtubules and promote cell migration. Has neurite outgrowth promoting act [...] (1264 aa) | ||||
Twf1 | Twinfilin-1; Actin-binding protein involved in motile and morphological processes. Inhibits actin polymerization, likely by sequestering G- actin. By capping the barbed ends of filaments, it also regulates motility. Seems to play an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and distribution of endocytic organelles. (350 aa) |