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Hsd17b7 Hsd17b7 Tm7sf2 Tm7sf2 Srebf2 Srebf2 Npc1l1 Npc1l1 Klf5 Klf5 Aldoc Aldoc Yy1 Yy1 Hmgcr Hmgcr Pdhb Pdhb Sqle Sqle Pnpla3 Pnpla3 Nr0b2 Nr0b2 Dhcr24 Dhcr24 Hdac3 Hdac3 Pklr Pklr Abcg8 Abcg8 Acsl1 Acsl1 Msmo1 Msmo1 Nsdhl Nsdhl Aacs Aacs Aldob Aldob Acss2 Acss2 Fabp5 Fabp5 Cpt1a Cpt1a Gpam Gpam Tkfc Tkfc Fdft1 Fdft1 Hmgcs1 Hmgcs1 Cyp1a1 Cyp1a1 Fdps Fdps Idi1 Idi1 Wt1 Wt1 Ppargc1a Ppargc1a Cyp51 Cyp51 Apoc3 Apoc3 Nfyc Nfyc Mvk Mvk Tm6sf2 Tm6sf2 Ppara Ppara Acly Acly Acacb Acacb Acaca Acaca Scarb1 Scarb1 Dhcr7 Dhcr7 Elovl6 Elovl6 Abcg5 Abcg5 Klf13 Klf13 Acox1 Acox1 Insig1 Insig1 Creb1 Creb1 Sc5d Sc5d Fasn Fasn
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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from curated databases
experimentally determined
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Hsd17b73-keto-steroid reductase; Responsible for the reduction of the keto group on the C-3 of sterols; Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. ERG27 subfamily. (334 aa)
Tm7sf2Delta(14)-sterol reductase TM7SF2; Catalyzes the reduction of the C14-unsaturated bond of lanosterol, as part of the metabolic pathway leading to cholesterol biosynthesis; Belongs to the ERG4/ERG24 family. (418 aa)
Srebf2Processed sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2; Transcriptional activator required for lipid homeostasis. Regulates transcription of the LDL receptor gene as well as the cholesterol and to a lesser degree the fatty acid synthesis pathway. Binds the sterol regulatory element 1 (SRE-1) (5'-ATCACCCCAC-3') found in the flanking region of the LDRL and HMG-CoA synthase genes. (1130 aa)
Npc1l1NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1; Plays a major role in cholesterol homeostasis. Is critical for the uptake of both phytosterol and cholesterol across the plasma membrane of the intestinal enterocyte. Is the direct molecular target of ezetimibe, a drug that inhibits cholesterol absorption (By similarity). The protein may have a function in the transport of multiple lipids and their homeostasis, and may play a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism. Acts as a negative regulator of NPC2 and down-regulates its expression and secretion by inhibiting its maturation an [...] (1333 aa)
Klf5Krueppel-like factor 5; Transcription factor that binds to GC box promoter elements. Activates the transcription of these genes. (446 aa)
AldocFructose-bisphosphate aldolase C; Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family. (363 aa)
Yy1Transcriptional repressor protein YY1; Multifunctional transcription factor that exhibits positive and negative control on a large number of cellular and viral genes by binding to sites overlapping the transcription start site. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-CCGCCATNTT-3'; some genes have been shown to contain a longer binding motif allowing enhanced binding; the initial CG dinucleotide can be methylated greatly reducing the binding affinity. The effect on transcription regulation is depending upon the context in which it binds and diverse mechanisms of action include direct activa [...] (414 aa)
Hmgcr3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase; Transmembrane glycoprotein that is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis as well as in the biosynthesis of nonsterol isoprenoids that are essential for normal cell function including ubiquinone and geranylgeranyl proteins; Belongs to the HMG-CoA reductase family. (887 aa)
PdhbPyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial; The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle. (359 aa)
SqleSqualene monooxygenase; Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of squalene to (S)- 2,3-epoxysqualene, and is considered to be a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. (572 aa)
Pnpla31-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase Pnpla3; Specifically catalyzes coenzyme A (CoA)-dependent acylation of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (2-lysophosphatidic acid/LPA) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), an important metabolic intermediate and precursor for both triglycerides and glycerophospholipids. Does not esterify other lysophospholipids. Acyl donors are long chain (at least C16) fatty acyl-CoAs: arachidonoyl-CoA, linoleoyl-CoA, oleoyl-CoA and at a lesser extent palmitoyl-CoA. Additionally possesses low triacylglycerol lipase and CoA-independent acylglycerol transacylase [...] (384 aa)
Nr0b2Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2; Transcriptional regulator that acts as a negative regulator of receptor-dependent signaling pathways. Specifically inhibits transactivation of the nuclear receptor with which it interacts. Inhibits transcriptional activity of NEUROD1 on E-box-containing promoter by interfering with the coactivation function of the p300/CBP-mediated transcription complex for NEUROD1 (By similarity). Essential component of the liver circadian clock which via its interaction with NR1D1 and RORG regulates NPAS2- mediated hepatic lipid metabolism. Regulates the [...] (260 aa)
Dhcr24Delta(24)-sterol reductase; Catalyzes the reduction of the delta-24 double bond of sterol intermediates during cholesterol biosynthesis. In addition to its cholesterol-synthesizing activity, can protects cells from oxidative stress by reducing caspase 3 activity during apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Also protects against amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis (By similarity). (516 aa)
Hdac3Histone deacetylase 3; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), and some other non-histone substrates. Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Participates in the BCL6 transcriptional repressor activity by deacetylating the H3 'Lys-27' (H3K27) on enhancer elements, antagonizing EP300 acetyltransferase activi [...] (428 aa)
PklrPyruvate kinase PKLR; Plays a key role in glycolysis. (574 aa)
Abcg8ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 8; ABCG5 and ABCG8 form an obligate heterodimer that mediates Mg(2+)- and ATP-dependent sterol transport across the cell membrane. Plays an essential role in the selective transport of the dietary cholesterol in and out of the enterocytes and in the selective sterol excretion by the liver into bile. Plays an important role in preventing the accumulation of dietary plant sterols in the body. Required for normal sterol homeostasis. The heterodimer with ABCG5 has ATPase activity. (673 aa)
Acsl1Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1; Catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation (By similarity). Preferentially uses palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate (By similarity). Preferentially activates arachidonate than epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) or hydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (HETEs); Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (699 aa)
Msmo1Methylsterol monooxygenase 1; Catalyzes the first step in the removal of the two C-4 methyl groups of 4,4-dimethylzymosterol; Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. (293 aa)
NsdhlSterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase, decarboxylating; Involved in the sequential removal of two C-4 methyl groups in post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis. (362 aa)
AacsAcetoacetyl-CoA synthetase; Activates acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA. May be involved in utilizing ketone body for the fatty acid-synthesis during adipose tissue development (By similarity). (672 aa)
AldobFructose-bisphosphate aldolase B. (364 aa)
Acss2Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from short-chain fatty acids. Acetate is the preferred substrate but can also utilize propionate with a much lower affinity ; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (701 aa)
Fabp5Fatty acid-binding protein 5; Intracellular carrier for long-chain fatty acids and related active lipids, such as the endocannabinoid, that regulates the metabolism and actions of the ligands they bind. In addition to the cytosolic transport, selectively delivers specific fatty acids from the cytosol to the nucleus, wherein they activate nuclear receptors (By similarity). Delivers retinoic acid to the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta; which promotes proliferation and survival. May also serve as a synaptic carrier of endocannabinoid at central synapses a [...] (135 aa)
Cpt1aCarnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform; Catalyzes the transfer of the acyl group of long-chain fatty acid-CoA conjugates onto carnitine, an essential step for the mitochondrial uptake of long-chain fatty acids and their subsequent beta-oxidation in the mitochondrion. Plays an important role in triglyceride metabolism; Belongs to the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family. (773 aa)
GpamGlycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial; Esterifies acyl-group from acyl-ACP to the sn-1 position of glycerol-3-phosphate, an essential step in glycerolipid biosynthesis. Belongs to the GPAT/DAPAT family. (827 aa)
TkfcATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinase; Catalyzes both the phosphorylation of dihydroxyacetone and of glyceraldehyde, and the splitting of ribonucleoside diphosphate-X compounds among which FAD is the best substrate. Represses IFIH1- mediated cellular antiviral response. (578 aa)
Fdft1Squalene synthase; Critical branch point enzyme of isoprenoid biosynthesis that is thought to regulate the flux of isoprene intermediates through the sterol pathway; Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family. (416 aa)
Hmgcs1Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, cytoplasmic; This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase. (520 aa)
Cyp1a1Cytochrome P450 1A1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy [...] (524 aa)
FdpsFarnesyl pyrophosphate synthase; Key enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis which catalyzes the formation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), a precursor for several classes of essential metabolites including sterols, dolichols, carotenoids, and ubiquinones. FPP also serves as substrate for protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation. Catalyzes the sequential condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate with the allylic pyrophosphates, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, and then with the resultant geranylpyrophosphate to the ultimate product farnesyl pyrophosphate (By similarity). (353 aa)
Idi1Isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase 1; Catalyzes the 1,3-allylic rearrangement of the homoallylic substrate isopentenyl (IPP) to its highly electrophilic allylic isomer, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). (283 aa)
Wt1Wilms tumor protein homolog; Transcription factor that plays an important role in cellular development and cell survival. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'- GCG(T/G)GGGCG-3' (By similarity). Regulates the expression of numerous target genes, including EPO. Plays an essential role for development of the urogenital system. It has a tumor suppressor as well as an oncogenic role in tumor formation. Function may be isoform- specific: isoforms lacking the KTS motif may act as transcription factors. Isoforms containing the KTS motif may bind mRNA and play a role in mRNA metabolism o [...] (517 aa)
Ppargc1aPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Greatly increases the transcriptional activity of PPARG and thyroid hormone receptor on the uncoupling protein promoter. Can regulate key mitochondrial genes that contribute to the program of adaptive thermogenesis. Plays an essential role in metabolic reprogramming in response to dietary availability through coordination of the expression of a wide array of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Induces the expression of PERM1 in [...] (797 aa)
Cyp51Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in sterol biosynthesis. Catalyzes 14-alpha demethylation of lanosterol and 24,25- dihydrolanosterol likely through sequential oxidative conversion of 14- alpha methyl group to hydroxymethyl, then to carboxylaldehyde, followed by the formation of the delta 14,15 double bond in the sterol core and concomitant release of formic acid. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P45 [...] (503 aa)
Apoc3Apolipoprotein C-III; Component of triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma. Plays a multifaceted role in triglyceride homeostasis. Intracellularly, promotes hepatic very low density lipoprotein 1 (VLDL1) assembly and secretion; extracellularly, attenuates hydrolysis and clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). Impairs the lipolysis of TRLs by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and the hepatic uptake of TRLs by remnant receptors. Formed of several curved helices connected via semiflexible hinges, so that it can wrap tigh [...] (137 aa)
NfycNuclear transcription factor Y subunit gamma; Component of the sequence-specific heterotrimeric transcription factor (NF-Y) which specifically recognizes a 5'-CCAAT-3' box motif found in the promoters of its target genes. NF-Y can function as both an activator and a repressor, depending on its interacting cofactors. (335 aa)
MvkMevalonate kinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of mevalonate to mevalonate 5- phosphate, a key step in isoprenoid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. Mevalonate kinase subfamily. (407 aa)
Tm6sf2Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2; Regulator of liver fat metabolism influencing triglyceride secretion and hepatic lipid droplet content. May function as sterol isomerase; Belongs to the TM6SF family. (378 aa)
PparaPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn- glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety. Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and [...] (468 aa)
AclyATP-citrate synthase; Catalyzes the cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, the latter serving as common substrate for de novo cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase alpha subunit family. (1101 aa)
AcacbAcetyl-CoA carboxylase 2; Mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA and plays a central role in fatty acid metabolism (By similarity). Catalyzes a 2 steps reaction starting with the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the biotin carried by the biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain followed by the transfer of the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to acetyl-CoA (By similarity). Through the production of malonyl-CoA that allosterically inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 at the mitochondria, negatively regulates fatty acid oxidation. Together [...] (2448 aa)
AcacaAcetyl-CoA carboxylase 1; Cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl- CoA to malonyl-CoA, the first and rate-limiting step of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. This is a 2 steps reaction starting with the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the biotin carried by the biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain followed by the transfer of the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to acetyl-CoA. (2345 aa)
Scarb1Scavenger receptor class B member 1; Receptor for different ligands such as phospholipids, cholesterol ester, lipoproteins, phosphatidylserine and apoptotic cells (By similarity). Both isoform 1 and isoform 2 act as receptors for HDL, mediating selective uptake of cholesteryl ether and HDL-dependent cholesterol efflux. Also facilitates the flux of free and esterified cholesterol between the cell surface and apoB-containing lipoproteins and modified lipoproteins, although less efficiently than HDL. May be involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, via its phosphatidylserine bindin [...] (509 aa)
Dhcr77-dehydrocholesterol reductase; Production of cholesterol by reduction of C7-C8 double bond of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). (471 aa)
Elovl6Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6; Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Condensing enzyme that elongates fatty acids with 12, 14 and 16 carbons with higher activity toward C16:0 acyl-CoAs. Catalyzes the synthesis of unsaturated C16 long chain fatty acids and, to a lesser extent, C18:0 and those with low desaturation degre [...] (267 aa)
Abcg5ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5; ABCG5 and ABCG8 form an obligate heterodimer that mediates Mg(2+)- and ATP-dependent sterol transport across the cell membrane. Plays an essential role in the selective transport of dietary plant sterols and cholesterol in and out of the enterocytes and in the selective sterol excretion by the liver into bile. Required for normal sterol homeostasis. The heterodimer with ABCG8 has ATPase activity. (652 aa)
Klf13Krueppel-like factor 13; Transcription factor that activates expression from GC-rich minimal promoter regions, including genes in the cells of the erythroid lineage. (289 aa)
Acox1Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1, A chain; Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs (By similarity). Isoform 1 shows highest activity against medium-chain fatty acyl-CoAs and activity decreases with increasing chain length (By similarity). Isoform 2 is active against a much broader range of substrates and shows activity towards very long-chain acyl-CoAs (By similarity). (661 aa)
Insig1Insulin-induced gene 1 protein; Mediates feedback control of cholesterol synthesis by controlling SCAP and HMGCR. Functions by blocking the processing of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). Capable of retaining the SCAP-SREBF2 complex in the ER thus preventing it from escorting SREBPs to the Golgi. Initiates the sterol-mediated ubiquitin- mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of HMGCR via recruitment of the reductase to the ubiquitin ligase, AMFR/gp78. May play a role in growth and differentiation of tissues involved in metabolic control. May pla [...] (259 aa)
Creb1Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1; Phosphorylation-dependent transcription factor that stimulates transcription upon binding to the DNA cAMP response element (CRE), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Transcription activation is enhanced by the TORC coactivators which act independently of Ser-133 phosphorylation. Involved in different cellular processes including the synchronization of circadian rhythmicity and the differentiation of adipose cells. Belongs to the bZIP family. (341 aa)
Sc5dLathosterol oxidase; Catalyzes a dehydrogenation to introduce C5-6 double bond into lathosterol. (299 aa)
Fasn3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase; Fatty acid synthetase catalyzes the formation of long-chain fatty acids from acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and NADPH. This multifunctional protein has 7 catalytic activities as an acyl carrier protein. (2504 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
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