Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

Caspase-4 subunit p10; Proinflammatory caspase. Essential effector of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion in response to non- canonical activators, such as UVB radiation, cholera enterotoxin subunit B and cytosolic LPS, as well as infection with Gram-negative bacteria. Independently of NLRP3 inflammasome and CASP1, promotes pyroptosis, through GSDMD cleavage and activation, and IL1A, IL18 and HMGB1 release in response to non-canonical inflammasome activators. Plays a crucial role in the restriction of Salmonella typhimurium replication in colonic e [...]

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

Gasdermin-A; May promote pyroptosis. Upon cleavage in vitro of genetically engineered GSDMA, the released N-terminal moiety binds to some types of lipids, such as possibly phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate. Homooligomerizes within the membrane and forms pores of 10 -15 nanometers (nm) of inner diameter, triggering cell death. Also binds to bacterial and mitochondrial lipids, including cardiolipin, and exhibits bactericidal activity. The physiological relevance of these observations is unknown; Belongs to the gasdermin family.

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

Gasdermin-C; The N-terminal moiety promotes pyroptosis and exhibits bactericidal activity. The physiological relevance of these observations is unknown; Belongs to the gasdermin family.

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

Gasdermin-D, C-terminal; [Gasdermin-D, N-terminal]: Promotes pyroptosis in response to microbial infection and danger signals. Produced by the cleavage of gasdermin-D by inflammatory caspases CASP1 or CASP4 in response to canonical, as well as non-canonical (such as cytosolic LPS) inflammasome activators. After cleavage, moves to the plasma membrane where it strongly binds to membrane inner leaflet lipids, including monophosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, such as phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, bisphosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, such as phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [...]

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

Gasdermin-E, C-terminal; Plays a role in the TP53-regulated cellular response to DNA damage probably by cooperating with TP53.

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

Interleukin-18; A proinflammatory cytokine primarily involved in polarized T- helper 1 (Th1) cell and natural killer (NK) cell immune responses. Upon binding to IL18R1 and IL18RAP, forms a signaling ternary complex which activates NF-kappa-B, triggering synthesis of inflammatory mediators. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Belongs to the IL-1 family.

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

Interleukin-1 beta; Potent proinflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B- cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells; Belongs to the IL-1 family.

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4; Key component of inflammasomes that indirectly senses specific proteins from pathogenic bacteria and fungi and responds by assembling an inflammasome complex that promotes caspase-1 activation, cytokine production and macrophage pyroptosis. The NLRC4 inflammasome is activated as part of the innate immune response to a range of intracellular bacteria. It senses pathogenic proteins of the type III secretion system (T3SS) and type IV secretion system (T4SS) such as flagellin and PrgJ-like rod proteins via the Naip proteins (Naip1, Naip2 or Naip [...]

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 2.

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

Pejvakin; Essential in the activity of auditory pathway neurons; Belongs to the gasdermin family.

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; Functions as key mediator in apoptosis and inflammation. Promotes caspase-mediated apoptosis involving predominantly caspase-8 and also caspase-9 in a probable cell type-specific manner. Involved in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, promotes caspase-8- dependent proteolytic maturation of BID independently of FADD in certain cell types and also mediates mitochondrial translocation of BAX and activates BAX-dependent apoptosis coupled to activation of caspase- 9, -2 and -3. Involved in macrophage pyroptosis, a cas [...]

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...]

Calpain-1 catalytic subunit; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease which catalyzes limited proteolysis of substrates involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and signal transduction.

Caspase-2 subunit p12; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Might function by either activating some proteins required for cell death or inactivating proteins necessary for cell survival. Associates with PIDD1 and CRADD to form the PIDDosome, a complex that activates CASP2 and triggers apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress (By similarity).

Caspase-2 subunit p12; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Might function by either activating some proteins required for cell death or inactivating proteins necessary for cell survival. Associates with PIDD1 and CRADD to form the PIDDosome, a complex that activates CASP2 and triggers apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress (By similarity).

Calpain-1 catalytic subunit; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease which catalyzes limited proteolysis of substrates involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and signal transduction.

Caspase-2 subunit p12; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Might function by either activating some proteins required for cell death or inactivating proteins necessary for cell survival. Associates with PIDD1 and CRADD to form the PIDDosome, a complex that activates CASP2 and triggers apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress (By similarity).

Interleukin-1 beta; Potent proinflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B- cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells; Belongs to the IL-1 family.

Caspase-2 subunit p12; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Might function by either activating some proteins required for cell death or inactivating proteins necessary for cell survival. Associates with PIDD1 and CRADD to form the PIDDosome, a complex that activates CASP2 and triggers apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress (By similarity).

Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...]

Caspase-4 subunit p10; Proinflammatory caspase. Essential effector of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion in response to non- canonical activators, such as UVB radiation, cholera enterotoxin subunit B and cytosolic LPS, as well as infection with Gram-negative bacteria. Independently of NLRP3 inflammasome and CASP1, promotes pyroptosis, through GSDMD cleavage and activation, and IL1A, IL18 and HMGB1 release in response to non-canonical inflammasome activators. Plays a crucial role in the restriction of Salmonella typhimurium replication in colonic e [...]

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2; Involved in innate immune response by recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA and inducing caspase-1-activating inflammasome formation in macrophages. Upon binding to DNA is thought to undergo oligomerization and to associate with PYCARD initiating the recruitment of caspase-1 precusrsor and processing of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-18. Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner. Can also trigger PYCARD-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8.

Caspase-4 subunit p10; Proinflammatory caspase. Essential effector of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion in response to non- canonical activators, such as UVB radiation, cholera enterotoxin subunit B and cytosolic LPS, as well as infection with Gram-negative bacteria. Independently of NLRP3 inflammasome and CASP1, promotes pyroptosis, through GSDMD cleavage and activation, and IL1A, IL18 and HMGB1 release in response to non-canonical inflammasome activators. Plays a crucial role in the restriction of Salmonella typhimurium replication in colonic e [...]

Gasdermin-A; May promote pyroptosis. Upon cleavage in vitro of genetically engineered GSDMA, the released N-terminal moiety binds to some types of lipids, such as possibly phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate. Homooligomerizes within the membrane and forms pores of 10 -15 nanometers (nm) of inner diameter, triggering cell death. Also binds to bacterial and mitochondrial lipids, including cardiolipin, and exhibits bactericidal activity. The physiological relevance of these observations is unknown; Belongs to the gasdermin family.

Caspase-4 subunit p10; Proinflammatory caspase. Essential effector of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion in response to non- canonical activators, such as UVB radiation, cholera enterotoxin subunit B and cytosolic LPS, as well as infection with Gram-negative bacteria. Independently of NLRP3 inflammasome and CASP1, promotes pyroptosis, through GSDMD cleavage and activation, and IL1A, IL18 and HMGB1 release in response to non-canonical inflammasome activators. Plays a crucial role in the restriction of Salmonella typhimurium replication in colonic e [...]

Gasdermin-C; The N-terminal moiety promotes pyroptosis and exhibits bactericidal activity. The physiological relevance of these observations is unknown; Belongs to the gasdermin family.

Caspase-4 subunit p10; Proinflammatory caspase. Essential effector of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion in response to non- canonical activators, such as UVB radiation, cholera enterotoxin subunit B and cytosolic LPS, as well as infection with Gram-negative bacteria. Independently of NLRP3 inflammasome and CASP1, promotes pyroptosis, through GSDMD cleavage and activation, and IL1A, IL18 and HMGB1 release in response to non-canonical inflammasome activators. Plays a crucial role in the restriction of Salmonella typhimurium replication in colonic e [...]

Gasdermin-D, C-terminal; [Gasdermin-D, N-terminal]: Promotes pyroptosis in response to microbial infection and danger signals. Produced by the cleavage of gasdermin-D by inflammatory caspases CASP1 or CASP4 in response to canonical, as well as non-canonical (such as cytosolic LPS) inflammasome activators. After cleavage, moves to the plasma membrane where it strongly binds to membrane inner leaflet lipids, including monophosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, such as phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, bisphosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, such as phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [...]