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| | Bag3 | Bcl2-associated athanogene 3. (574 aa) |
| | Vps51 | VPS51 GARP complex subunit. (781 aa) |
| | Gramd1a | Protein Aster-A; Cholesterol transporter that mediates non-vesicular transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane (PM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (By similarity). Contains unique domains for binding cholesterol and the PM, thereby serving as a molecular bridge for the transfer of cholesterol from the PM to the ER (By similarity). Plays a crucial role in cholesterol homeostasis and has the unique ability to localize to the PM based on the level of membrane cholesterol (By similarity). In lipid-poor conditions localizes to the ER membrane and in response to excess cholesterol [...] (807 aa) |
| | Vps16 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act as a core component of the putative HOPS and CORVET endosomal tethering complexes. Belongs to the VPS16 family. (839 aa) |
| | Nhlrc1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NHLRC1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Together with the phosphatase EPM2A/laforin, appears to be involved in the clearance of toxic polyglucosan and protein aggregates via multiple pathways. In complex with EPM2A/laforin and HSP70, suppresses the cellular toxicity of misfolded proteins by promoting their degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Ubiquitinates the glycogen-targeting protein phosphatase subunits PPP1R3C/PTG and PPP1R3D in a laforin- dependent manner and targets them for proteasome-dependent degradation, thus decreasing glycogen [...] (396 aa) |
| | Yod1 | Ubiquitin thioesterase OTU1; Hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from proteins and participates in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) for misfolded lumenal proteins. May act by triming the ubiquitin chain on the associated substrate to facilitate their threading through the VCP/p97 pore. Ubiquitin moieties on substrates may present a steric impediment to the threading process when the substrate is transferred to the VCP pore and threaded through VCP's axial channel. Mediates deubiquitination of 'Lys-27'-, 'Lys-29'- and 'Lys-33'-linked polyubiquitin chains. A [...] (343 aa) |
| | Map1lc3a | Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation. (121 aa) |
| | Atg9b | Autophagy-related protein 9; Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Plays a key role in the organization of the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. Belongs to the ATG9 family. (924 aa) |
| | Usp30 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 30; Deubiquitinating enzyme tethered to the mitochondrial outer membrane that acts as a key inhibitor of mitophagy by counteracting the action of parkin (PRKN): hydrolyzes ubiquitin attached by parkin on target proteins, such as RHOT1/MIRO1 and TOMM20, thereby blocking parkin's ability to drive mitophagy. Preferentially cleaves 'Lys-6'- and 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains, 2 types of linkage that participate to mitophagic signaling. Does not cleave efficiently polyubiquitin phosphorylated at 'Ser-65' (By similarity). Acts as negative regulator [...] (517 aa) |
| | Plekhm1 | Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1; Proposed to act as a multivalent adapter protein that regulates Rab7-dependent and HOPS complex-dependent fusion events in the endolysosomal system and couples autophagic and the endocytic trafficking pathways. Required for late stages of endolysosomal maturation, facilitating both endocytosis-mediated degradation of growth factor receptors and autophagosome clearance. Seems to be involved in the terminal maturation of autophagosomes and to mediate autophagosome-lysosome fusion (By similarity). Positively regulates lysosome perip [...] (1059 aa) |
| | Rubcnl | Rubicon-like autophagy enhancer. (681 aa) |
| | Fundc2 | FUN14 domain-containing 2. (151 aa) |
| | Ddrgk1 | Similar to chromosome 20 open reading frame 116 (Predicted). (339 aa) |
| | Chmp2a | Similar to RIKEN cDNA 1500016L11 (Predicted), isoform CRA_c. (222 aa) |
| | Ambra1 | Autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1. (1300 aa) |
| | Gabarapl2 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in intra-Golgi traffic. Modulates intra-Golgi transport through coupling between NSF activity and SNAREs activation. It first stimulates the ATPase activity of NSF which in turn stimulates the association with GOSR1. Involved in autophagy. Plays a role in mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation o [...] (117 aa) |
| | Vcp | Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase; Necessary for the fragmentation of Golgi stacks during mitosis and for their reassembly after mitosis. Involved in the formation of the transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER). The transfer of membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus occurs via 50-70 nm transition vesicles which derive from part-rough, part-smooth transitional elements of the endoplasmic reticulum (tER). Vesicle budding from the tER is an ATP-dependent process. The ternary complex containing UFD1, VCP and NPLOC4 binds ubiquitinated proteins and is neces [...] (806 aa) |
| | Lgals8 | Galectin-8; Beta-galactoside-binding lectin that acts as a sensor of membrane damage caused by infection and restricts the proliferation of infecting pathogens by targeting them for autophagy. Detects membrane rupture by binding beta-galactoside ligands located on the lumenal side of the endosome membrane; these ligands becoming exposed to the cytoplasm following rupture. Restricts infection by initiating autophagy via interaction with CALCOCO2/NDP52. Required to restrict infection of bacterial invasion such as S.typhimurium. Also required to restrict infection of Picornaviridae viruse [...] (316 aa) |
| | Hspa8 | Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. (645 aa) |
| | Ei24 | Etoposide-induced protein 2.4 homolog; Acts as a negative growth regulator via p53-mediated apoptosis pathway. Regulates formation of degradative autolysosomes during autophagy. (340 aa) |
| | Hmgb1-2 | High mobility group protein B1; Multifunctional redox sensitive protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. In the nucleus is one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins and acts as a DNA chaperone involved in replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair and genome stability. Proposed to be an universal biosensor for nucleic acids. Promotes host inflammatory response to sterile and infectious signals and is involved in the coordination and integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the cytoplasm functio [...] (213 aa) |
| | Drd2 | D(2) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. (444 aa) |
| | LOC108350839 | High mobility group protein B1-like. (214 aa) |
| | Optn | Optineurin; Plays an important role in the maintenance of the Golgi complex, in membrane trafficking, in exocytosis, through its interaction with myosin VI and Rab8. Links myosin VI to the Golgi complex and plays an important role in Golgi ribbon formation. Negatively regulates the induction of IFNB in response to RNA virus infection. Plays a neuroprotective role in the eye and optic nerve. Probably part of the TNF-alpha signaling pathway that can shift the equilibrium toward induction of cell death. May act by regulating membrane trafficking and cellular morphogenesis via a complex th [...] (647 aa) |
| | Sec16b | Protein transport protein Sec16B; Plays a role in the organization of the endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERES), also known as transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER). Required for secretory cargo traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Involved in peroxisome biogenesis. Regulates the transport of peroxisomal biogenesis factors PEX3 and PEX16 from the ER to peroxisomes. (1057 aa) |
| | Vps4a | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A; Involved in late steps of the endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVB) pathway. Recognizes membrane-associated ESCRT-III assemblies and catalyzes their disassembly, possibly in combination with membrane fission. Redistributes the ESCRT-III components to the cytoplasm for further rounds of MVB sorting. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth fact [...] (510 aa) |
| | Irgm | Immunity-related GTPase family M protein; Putative GTPase which is required for IFNG-mediated clearance of acute protozoan and bacterial infections. Functions in innate immune response probably through regulation of autophagy. May regulate proinflammatory cytokine production and prevent endotoxemia upon infection. May also play a role in macrophages adhesion and motility (By similarity); Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. IRG family. (411 aa) |
| | Srpx | Sushi repeat-containing protein SRPX. (464 aa) |
| | Rnf213 | Ring finger protein 213. (5136 aa) |
| | Tmem39a | Transmembrane protein 39A. (497 aa) |
| | Map1lc3b | Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B. (416 aa) |
| | Tollip | Toll-interacting protein; Component of the signaling pathway of IL-1 and Toll-like receptors. Inhibits cell activation by microbial products. Recruits IRAK1 to the IL-1 receptor complex. Inhibits IRAK1 phosphorylation and kinase activity. Connects the ubiquitin pathway to autophagy by functioning as a ubiquitin-ATG8 family adapter and thus mediating autophagic clearance of ubiquitin conjugates. The TOLLIP-dependent selective autophagy pathway plays an important role in clearance of cytotoxic polyQ proteins aggregates (By similarity). (274 aa) |
| | D3ZGW6_RAT | Uncharacterized protein. (212 aa) |
| | Pik3c2b | Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 beta; Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. (1621 aa) |
| | Pik3c2a | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, C2 domain containing, alpha polypeptide (Predicted), isoform CRA_a; Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. (1687 aa) |
| | Tp53inp2 | Tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2; Dual regulator of transcription and autophagy. Positively regulates autophagy and is required for autophagosome formation and processing. May act as a scaffold protein that recruits MAP1LC3A, GABARAP and GABARAPL2 and brings them to the autophagosome membrane by interacting with VMP1 where, in cooperation with the BECN1-PI3-kinase class III complex, they trigger autophagosome development. Acts as a transcriptional activator of THRA. (221 aa) |
| | Fnbp1l | Formin-binding protein 1-like; Required to coordinate membrane tubulation with reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during endocytosis. May bind to lipids such as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylserine and promote membrane invagination and the formation of tubules. Also promotes CDC42-induced actin polymerization by activating the WASL-WASPIP complex, the predominant form of WASL/N-WASP in cells. Actin polymerization may promote the fission of membrane tubules to form endocytic vesicles. Essential for autophagy of intracellular bacterial pathogens (By similari [...] (605 aa) |
| | Hdac10 | Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10; Polyamine deacetylase (PDAC), which acts preferentially on N(8)-acetylspermidine, and also on acetylcadaverine and acetylputrescine. Exhibits attenuated catalytic activity toward N(1),N(8)-diacetylspermidine and very low activity, if any, toward N(1)-acetylspermidine. Histone deacetylase activity has been observed in vitro. Has also been shown to be involved in MSH2 deacetylation. The physiological relevance of protein/histone deacetylase activity is unclear and could be very weak. May play a role in the promotion of late stages of autophagy, possibly auto [...] (588 aa) |
| | Lix1l | LIX1-like protein; Belongs to the LIX1 family. (338 aa) |
| | Ulk1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. APG1/unc-51/ULK1 subfamily. (1051 aa) |
| | Snx14 | Sorting nexin 14. (680 aa) |
| | Pacs2 | Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2. (870 aa) |
| | Retreg2 | Reticulophagy regulator 2. (541 aa) |
| | Becn2 | Beclin 2. (419 aa) |
| | Pjvk | Pejvakin. (351 aa) |
| | Ufm1 | Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1; Ubiquitin-like modifier which can be covalently attached via an isopeptide bond to substrate proteins as a monomer or a lysine- linked polymer. The so-called ufmylation, requires the UFM1-activating E1 enzyme UBA5, the UFM1-conjugating E2 enzyme UFC1, and the UFM1- ligase E3 enzyme UFL1. This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins may play a crucial role in a number of cellular processes. TRIP4 ufmylation may for instance play a role in nuclear receptors-mediated transcription. Other substrates may include DDRGK1 with which it may play [...] (85 aa) |
| | Spata33 | Spermatogenesis-associated 33. (136 aa) |
| | D3ZC69_RAT | Uncharacterized protein. (211 aa) |
| | Sqstm1 | Sequestosome-1; Autophagy receptor required for selective macroautophagy (aggrephagy). Functions as a bridge between polyubiquitinated cargo and autophagosomes. Interacts directly with both the cargo to become degraded and an autophagy modifier of the MAP1 LC3 family. Required both for the formation and autophagic degradation of polyubiquitin- containing bodies, called ALIS (aggresome-like induced structures) and links ALIS to the autophagic machinery (By similarity). Involved in midbody ring degradation (By similarity). May regulate the activation of NFKB1 by TNF-alpha, nerve growth f [...] (439 aa) |
| | LOC294154 | Similar to chromosome 6 open reading frame 106 isoform a. (216 aa) |
| | Stk11 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11; Tumor suppressor serine/threonine-protein kinase that controls the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family members, thereby playing a role in various processes such as cell metabolism, cell polarity, apoptosis and DNA damage response. Acts by phosphorylating the T-loop of AMPK family proteins, thus promoting their activity: phosphorylates PRKAA1, PRKAA2, BRSK1, BRSK2, MARK1, MARK2, MARK3, MARK4, NUAK1, NUAK2, SIK1, SIK2, SIK3 and SNRK but not MELK. Also phosphorylates non-AMPK family proteins such as STRADA, PTEN and possibly p53/TP [...] (436 aa) |
| | Ubqln1 | Ubiquilin-1; Plays an important role in the regulation of different protein degradation mechanisms and pathways including ubiquitin- proteasome system (UPS), autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. Mediates the proteasomal targeting of misfolded or accumulated proteins for degradation by binding (via UBA domain) to their polyubiquitin chains and by interacting (via ubiquitin-like domain) with the subunits of the proteasome. Plays a role in the ERAD pathway via its interaction with ER-localized proteins UBXN4, VCP and HERPUD1 and may form a lin [...] (582 aa) |
| | Anxa7 | Annexin. (463 aa) |
| | LOC680121 | Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein; Molecular chaperone implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including protection of the proteome from stress, folding and transport of newly synthesized polypeptides, activation of proteolysis of misfolded proteins and the formation and dissociation of protein complexes. Plays a pivotal role in the protein quality control system, ensuring the correct folding of proteins, the re-folding of misfolded proteins and controlling the targeting of proteins for subsequent degradation. This is achieved through cycles of ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis a [...] (646 aa) |
| | Epm2a | Laforin; Plays an important role in preventing glycogen hyperphosphorylation and the formation of insoluble aggregates, via its activity as glycogen phosphatase, and by promoting the ubiquitination of proteins involved in glycogen metabolism via its interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase NHLRC1/malin. Dephosphorylates phosphotyrosine and synthetic substrates, such as para-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP), and has low activity with phosphoserine and phosphothreonine substrates (in vitro). Has also been shown to dephosphorylate MAPT. Shows strong phosphatase activity towards complex carbohy [...] (331 aa) |
| | Vti1a | Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs homolog 1A; V-SNARE that mediates vesicle transport pathways through interactions with t-SNAREs on the target membrane. These interactions are proposed to mediate aspects of the specificity of vesicle trafficking and to promote fusion of the lipid bilayers. Involved in vesicular transport from the late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Along with VAMP7, involved in an non-conventional RAB1-dependent traffic route to the cell surface used by KCNIP1 and KCND2 (By similarity). May be concerned with increased secretion of cytokines as [...] (212 aa) |
| | LOC100911485 | Mitofusin-2; Mitochondrial outer membrane GTPase that mediates mitochondrial clustering and fusion. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, and their morphology is determined by the equilibrium between mitochondrial fusion and fission events. Overexpression induces the formation of mitochondrial networks. Membrane clustering requires GTPase activity and may involve a major rearrangement of the coiled coil domains (By similarity). Plays a central role in mitochondrial metabolism and may be associated with obesity and/or apoptosis processes. Plays an important role in the regulation [...] (762 aa) |
| | Rab12 | Ras-related protein Rab-12; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab may play a role in protein transport from recycling endosomes to lysosomes regulating, for instance, the degradation of the transferrin receptor. Involved in autophagy (By simi [...] (245 aa) |
| | Rb1cc1 | RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1 (Predicted). (1588 aa) |
| | Trim17 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM17; May function as a ubiquitin E3 ligase. Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (500 aa) |
| | Sec16a | Protein transport protein sec16; Plays a role in the organization of the endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERES), also known as transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER). Required for secretory cargo traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. (2346 aa) |
| | Pik3c3 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; Catalytic subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 (By similarity). Involved in the transport of lysosomal enzyme precursors to [...] (887 aa) |
| | Fis1 | Mitochondrial fission 1 protein; Involved in the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and its perinuclear clustering. Plays a minor role in the recruitment and association of the fission mediator dynamin-related protein 1 (DNM1L) to the mitochondrial surface and mitochondrial fission. Can induce cytochrome c release from the mitochondrion to the cytosol, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Also mediates peroxisomal fission (By similarity); Belongs to the FIS1 family. (179 aa) |
| | Vps11 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act as a core component of the putative HOPS and CORVET endosomal tethering complexes. Belongs to the VPS11 family. (878 aa) |
| | Sting1 | Stimulator of interferon genes protein; Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm (By similarity). Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di- GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol [...] (379 aa) |
| | Vps41 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport pathways. (772 aa) |
| | Atg7 | Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7; E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates ATG12 for its conjugation with ATG5 as well as the ATG8 family proteins for their conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Required for autophagic death induced by caspase-8 inhibition. Required for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria [...] (698 aa) |
| | Calm1 | Calmodulin 1. (149 aa) |
| | Gba | Glucosylceramidase. (515 aa) |
| | Gaa | Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase; Essential for the degradation of glycogen in lysosomes. Has highest activity on alpha-1,4-linked glycosidic linkages, but can also hydrolyze alpha-1,6-linked glucans. (953 aa) |
| | Atg4d | Cysteine protease; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy; Belongs to the peptidase C54 family. (473 aa) |
| | M0R9G9_RAT | Cysteine protease; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy; Belongs to the peptidase C54 family. (408 aa) |
| | Cisd2 | Similar to RIKEN cDNA 1500009M05 (Predicted). (135 aa) |
| | M0RCB1_RAT | Uncharacterized protein; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. (641 aa) |
| | Chmp4b | Uncharacterized protein. (222 aa) |
| | Capn10 | Calpain-10; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease which catalyzes limited proteolysis of substrates involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and signal transduction. May play a role in insulin- stimulated glucose uptake (By similarity). (620 aa) |
| | Rab1b | Ras-related protein Rab-1B; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion (By similarity). Plays a role in the initial events of the autophagic vacuole development which take place at specialized regions of the endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). Regulates [...] (201 aa) |
| | Acbd5 | Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 5; Binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters. (470 aa) |
| | Herc1 | HECT and RLD domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 1. (4852 aa) |
| | A0A0G2JU55_RAT | Uncharacterized protein. (160 aa) |
| | Snx30 | Sorting nexin family member 30. (470 aa) |
| | A0A0G2JUH9_RAT | SKICH domain-containing protein. (231 aa) |
| | Rufy4 | RUN and FYVE domain-containing 4. (563 aa) |
| | Retreg1 | Reticulophagy regulator 1; Endoplasmic reticulum-anchored autophagy receptor that mediates ER delivery into lysosomes through sequestration into autophagosomes. Promotes membrane remodeling and ER scission via its membrane bending capacity and targets the fragments into autophagosomes via interaction with ATG8 family proteins. Required for long-term survival of nociceptive and autonomic ganglion neurons. (347 aa) |
| | Pink1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial; Protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress by phosphorylating mitochondrial proteins. Involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) by mediating activation and translocation of PRKN. Targets PRKN to dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria through the phosphorylation of MFN2 (By similarity). Activates PRKN in 2 steps: (1) by mediating phosphorylation at 'Ser-65' of PRKN and (2) mediating phosphorylation of ubiquitin, converting PRKN to its fully-active form (By similarity) [...] (580 aa) |
| | Tgfbrap1 | Transforming growth factor, beta receptor-associated protein 1. (860 aa) |
| | Stx12 | Syntaxin-12; SNARE that acts to regulate protein transport between endosomes and the trans-Golgi network (By similarity). The SNARE complex containing STX6, STX12, VAMP4 and VTI1A mediates vesicle fusion (in vitro). Through complex formation with GRIP1, GRIA2 and NSG1 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit toward recycling and membrane targeting. (285 aa) |
| | RGD1305938 | Similar to expressed sequence AW549877 (Predicted). (251 aa) |
| | Hmgb1 | High mobility group protein B1. (214 aa) |
| | Fbxl4 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 4 (Predicted), isoform CRA_c. (621 aa) |
| | Pmp22 | Peripheral myelin protein 22; Might be involved in growth regulation, and in myelinization in the peripheral nervous system. (160 aa) |
| | Sirt2 | NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase, which deacetylates internal lysines on histone and alpha-tubulin as well as many other proteins such as key transcription factors. Participates in the modulation of multiple and diverse biological processes such as cell cycle control, genomic integrity, microtubule dynamics, cell differentiation, metabolic networks, and autophagy. Plays a major role in the control of cell cycle progression and genomic stability. Functions in the antephase checkpoint preventing precocious mitotic entry in response to microtu [...] (388 aa) |
| | Tmbim6 | Bax inhibitor 1; Suppressor of apoptosis. Modulates unfolded protein response signaling. Modulates ER calcium homeostasis by acting as a calcium-leak channel. Negatively regulates autophagy and autophagosome formation, especially during periods of nutrient deprivation, and reduces cell survival during starvation; Belongs to the BI1 family. (400 aa) |
| | LOC365778 | Similar to RIKEN cDNA 1700034I23. (219 aa) |
| | Mfsd8 | Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 8. (524 aa) |
| | Vti1b | Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs homolog 1B; V-SNARE that mediates vesicle transport pathways through interactions with t-SNAREs on the target membrane. These interactions are proposed to mediate aspects of the specificity of vesicle trafficking and to promote fusion of the lipid bilayers. (201 aa) |
| | Lrba | LPS-responsive beige-like anchor protein. (2783 aa) |
| | Mfn2 | Mitofusin 2. (762 aa) |
| | Epg5 | Ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5 homolog. (2575 aa) |
| | Spg11 | SPG11 vesicle-trafficking-associated, spatacsin. (2465 aa) |
| | Ubxn6 | UBX domain protein 6. (524 aa) |
| | Arl8b | ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 8B; Plays a role in lysosome motility (By similarity). In neurons, mediates the anterograde axonal long-range transport of presynaptic lysosome-related vesicles required for presynaptic biogenesis and synaptic function (By similarity). May play a role in chromosome segregation (By similarity). (186 aa) |
| | Taz | Tafazzin family protein; Some isoforms may be involved in cardiolipin metabolism. (262 aa) |
| | Becn1 | Beclin-1-C 35 kDa; Plays a central role in autophagy. Acts as core subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2. Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K complex f [...] (448 aa) |
| | Rab1a | RAB1A, member RAS oncogene family. (323 aa) |
| | Clu | Clusterin alpha chain; Functions as extracellular chaperone that prevents aggregation of non native proteins. Prevents stress-induced aggregation of blood plasma proteins. Inhibits formation of amyloid fibrils by APP, APOC2, B2M, CALCA, CSN3, SNCA and aggregation-prone LYZ variants (in vitro). Does not require ATP. Maintains partially unfolded proteins in a state appropriate for subsequent refolding by other chaperones, such as HSPA8/HSC70. Does not refold proteins by itself. Binding to cell surface receptors triggers internalization of the chaperone-client complex and subsequent lysos [...] (447 aa) |
| | Rab23 | RAB23, member RAS oncogene family (Predicted). (237 aa) |
| | Ogt | UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit; Catalyzes the transfer of a single N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-GlcNAc to a serine or threonine residue in cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins resulting in their modification with a beta-linked N- acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Has 3 distinct KM values for UDP-GlcNAc; GlcNAc concentration modulates its affinity for different substrates. Glycosylates a large and diverse number of proteins including histone H2B, AKT1, EZH2, PFKL, KMT2E/MLL5, MAPT/TAU and HCFC1. Can regulate their cellular processes via cross-ta [...] (1046 aa) |
| | Acbd5-2 | Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 5; Acyl-CoA binding protein which acts as the peroxisome receptor for pexophagy but is dispensable for aggrephagy and nonselective autophagy. Binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters (By similarity). (508 aa) |
| | LOC103689968 | Zinc finger protein 622; May behave as an activator of the bound transcription factor, MYBL2, and be involved in embryonic development. (751 aa) |
| | Drd3 | D(3) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation (By similarity). (446 aa) |
| | Atg2a | Autophagy-related 2A. (1916 aa) |
| | Itgb4 | Integrin beta-4; Integrin alpha-6/beta-4 is a receptor for laminin. It plays a critical structural role in the hemidesmosome of epithelial cells. Is required for the regulation of keratinocyte polarity and motility. ITGA6:ITGB4 binds to NRG1 (via EGF domain) and this binding is essential for NRG1-ERBB signaling. ITGA6:ITGB4 binds to IGF1 and this binding is essential for IGF1 signaling. ITGA6:ITGB4 binds to IGF2 and this binding is essential for IGF2 signaling. (1807 aa) |
| | Myo5a | Unconventional myosin-Va; Processive actin-based motor that can move in large steps approximating the 36-nm pseudo-repeat of the actin filament. Involved in melanosome transport. Also mediates the transport of vesicles to the plasma membrane. May also be required for some polarization process involved in dendrite formation. (1828 aa) |
| | Nod2 | Caspase recruitment domain family, member 15 (Predicted). (989 aa) |
| | Wdr45b | WD repeat domain 45B. (344 aa) |
| | Vps33a | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act as a core component of the putative HOPS and CORVET endosomal tethering complexes which are proposed to be involved in the Rab5-to-Rab7 endosome conversion probably implicating MON1A/B, and via binding SNAREs and SNARE complexes to mediate tethering and docking events during SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. The HOPS complex is proposed to be recruited to Rab7 on the late endosom [...] (599 aa) |
| | Smurf1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. (731 aa) |
| | Rubcn | Rubicon autophagy regulator. (962 aa) |
| | Hmg1l1 | High-mobility group (nonhistone chromosomal) protein 1-like 1. (214 aa) |
| | Tbc1d5 | TBC1 domain family, member 5. (827 aa) |
| | Tp53 | Cellular tumor antigen p53; Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Its pro-apoptotic activity is activated via its intera [...] (391 aa) |
| | Zfyve26 | Zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 26; Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding protein required for the abcission step in cytokinesis: recruited to the midbody during cytokinesis and acts as a regulator of abcission. May also be required for efficient homologous recombination DNA double-strand break repair (By similarity); Belongs to the ZFYVE26 family. (2542 aa) |
| | Park7 | Protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Acts on early glycation intermediates (hemithioacetals and aminoca [...] (214 aa) |
| | Wdfy3 | WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing 3. (3506 aa) |
| | Map1lc3b2 | Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). Plays a role in mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation. Promotes primary ciliogenesis by removing OFD1 from centriolar satellit [...] (125 aa) |
| | Atg16l1 | Autophagy-related 16-like 1. (623 aa) |
| | Prkn | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin; Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins, such as BCL2, SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPTIN5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746 and AIMP2. Mediates monoubiquitination as well as 'Lys-6', 'Lys-11', 'Lys-48'-linked and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context. Participates in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of mi [...] (289 aa) |
| | Clec16a | C-type lectin domain-containing 16A. (979 aa) |
| | Gabarapl1 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1; Ubiquitin-like modifier that increases cell-surface expression of kappa-type opioid receptor through facilitating anterograde intracellular trafficking of the receptor. Involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation (By similarity). (117 aa) |
| | Vps39 | VPS39 subunit of HOPS complex. (886 aa) |
| | Atg5 | Autophagy protein 5; Involved in autophagic vesicle formation. Conjugation with ATG12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3- like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. Involved in mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, and in subsequent cellular longevity. Plays a critical role in multiple aspects of lymphocyte development and is ess [...] (245 aa) |
| | Hsp90aa1 | Heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1. (733 aa) |
| | Atg12 | Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12; Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate also regulates negatively the innate antiviral immune response by blocking the type I IFN production pathway through direct [...] (141 aa) |
| | Lamp2 | Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2; Plays an important role in chaperone-mediated autophagy, a process that mediates lysosomal degradation of proteins in response to various stresses and as part of the normal turnover of proteins with a long biological half-live. Binds target proteins, such as GAPDH, and targets them for lysosomal degradation. Plays a role in lysosomal protein degradation in response to starvation. Required for the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes during autophagy. Cells that lack LAMP2 express normal levels of VAMP8, but fail to accumulate STX17 on aut [...] (411 aa) |
| | Nrbf2 | Nuclear receptor-binding factor 2; May modulate transcriptional activation by target nuclear receptors. Can act as transcriptional activator (in vitro). Belongs to the NRBF family. (287 aa) |
| | Chmp2b | Charged multivesicular body protein 2B. (213 aa) |
| | Mcoln1 | Mucolipin 1 (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (580 aa) |
| | Tecpr1 | Tectonin beta-propeller repeat-containing protein 1; Tethering factor involved in autophagy. Involved in autophagosome maturation by promoting the autophagosome fusion with lysosomes: acts by associating with both the ATG5-ATG12 conjugate and phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) present at the surface of autophagosomes. Also involved in selective autophagy against bacterial pathogens, by being required for phagophore/preautophagosomal structure biogenesis and maturation (By similarity); Belongs to the TECPR1 family. (1166 aa) |
| | Wipi2 | WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2; Component of the autophagy machinery that controls the major intracellular degradation process by which cytoplasmic materials are packaged into autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Involved in an early step of the formation of preautophagosomal structures. Binds and is activated by phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) forming on membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum upon activation of the upstream ULK1 and PI3 kinases. Once activated, WIPI2 recruits at phagophore assembly sites the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 [...] (445 aa) |
| | Ap4m1 | AP-4 complex subunit mu-1; Component of the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4). Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components involved both in vesicle formation and cargo selection. They control the vesicular transport of proteins in different trafficking pathways. AP-4 forms a non clathrin- associated coat on vesicles departing the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and may be involved in the targeting of proteins from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the endosomal-lysosomal system. It is also involved in protein sorting to the basolateral membrane in epithelial cells and the proper asym [...] (453 aa) |
| | Snap29 | Synaptosomal-associated protein 29; SNAREs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors, are essential proteins for fusion of cellular membranes. SNAREs localized on opposing membranes assemble to form a trans-SNARE complex, an extended, parallel four alpha-helical bundle that drives membrane fusion. SNAP29 is a SNARE involved in autophagy through the direct control of autophagosome membrane fusion with the lysososome membrane. Plays also a role in ciliogenesis by regulating membrane fusions. (257 aa) |
| | Spata18 | Mitochondria-eating protein; Key regulator of mitochondrial quality that mediates the repairing or degradation of unhealthy mitochondria in response to mitochondrial damage. Mediator of mitochondrial protein catabolic process (also named MALM) by mediating the degradation of damaged proteins inside mitochondria by promoting the accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix of hydrolases that are characteristic of the lysosomal lumen. Also involved in mitochondrion degradation of damaged mitochondria by promoting the formation of vacuole-like structures (named MIV), which engulf and degrade [...] (605 aa) |
| | Atg3 | Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3; E2 conjugating enzyme required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Responsible for the E2-like covalent binding of phosphatidylethanolamine to the C- terminal Gly of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A). The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate plays a role of an E3 and promotes the transfer of ATG8-like proteins from ATG3 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). This step is required for the membrane association of ATG8-like proteins. The formation of the ATG8- phosphatidylethanolamine conju [...] (314 aa) |
| | Stbd1 | Starch-binding domain-containing protein 1; Acts as a cargo receptor for glycogen. Delivers its cargo to an autophagic pathway called glycophagy, resulting in the transport of glycogen to lysosomes. (333 aa) |
| | Vps4b | Vacuolar protein sorting 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae); Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (444 aa) |
| | Ulk2 | Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 2. (1037 aa) |
| | Wdr81 | WD repeat-containing protein 81; Functions as a negative regulator of the PI3 kinase/PI3K activity associated with endosomal membranes via BECN1, a core subunit of the PI3K complex. By modifying the phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate/PtdInsP3 content of endosomal membranes may regulate endosome fusion, recycling, sorting and early to late endosome transport. It is for instance, required for the delivery of cargos like BST2/tetherin from early to late endosome and thereby participates indirectly to their degradation by the lysosome. May also play a role in aggrephagy, the macroautophagic [...] (1933 aa) |
| | Fundc1 | FUN14 domain-containing protein 1; Acts as an activator of hypoxia-induced mitophagy, an important mechanism for mitochondrial quality control. (155 aa) |
| | Ufc1 | Ubiquitin-fold modifier-conjugating enzyme 1; E2-like enzyme which forms an intermediate with UFM1 via a thioester linkage; Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UFC1 subfamily. (167 aa) |
| | Wipi1 | WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide-interacting 1. (446 aa) |
| | Arsg | Arylsulfatase G; Displays arylsulfatase activity with pseudosubstrates at acidic pH, such as p-nitrocatechol sulfate. (526 aa) |
| | Chmp6 | Chromatin modifying protein 6 (Predicted). (200 aa) |
| | Vmp1 | Vacuole membrane protein 1; Stress-induced protein that, when overexpressed, promotes formation of intracellular vacuoles followed by cell death. May be involved in the cytoplasmic vacuolization of acinar cells during the early stage of acute pancreatitis. Involved in cell-cell adhesion (By similarity). Plays an essential role in formation of cell junctions (By similarity). Plays a role in the initial stages of the autophagic process through its interaction with BECN1. Required for autophagosome formation (By similarity). (406 aa) |
| | Cltc | Clathrin heavy chain 1; Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles. Two different adapter protein complexes link the clathrin lattice either to the plasma membrane or to the trans- Golgi network (By similarity). Acts as component of the TACC3/ch- TOG/clathrin complex proposed to contribute to stabilization of kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle by acting as inter- microtubule bridge. The TACC3/ch- TOG/clathrin complex is required for the maintenance of kinetochore fiber tension (By similarity). Plays a role in early autophagosome formation (B [...] (1675 aa) |
| | Ppargc1a | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Greatly increases the transcriptional activity of PPARG and thyroid hormone receptor on the uncoupling protein promoter. Can regulate key mitochondrial genes that contribute to the program of adaptive thermogenesis. Plays an essential role in metabolic reprogramming in response to dietary availability through coordination of the expression of a wide array of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Induces the expression of PERM1 in [...] (796 aa) |
| | Atg2b | Autophagy related 2B. (1977 aa) |
| | Fbxo7 | F-box only protein 7; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Recognizes BIRC2 and DLGAP5. Plays a role downstream of PINK1 in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) by targeting PRKN to dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria. Promotes MFN1 ubiquitination (By similarity). (522 aa) |
| | Ubxn2a | RCG62119, isoform CRA_a. (258 aa) |
| | Stx17 | Syntaxin-17; SNAREs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors, are essential proteins for fusion of cellular membranes. SNAREs localized on opposing membranes assemble to form a trans-SNARE complex, an extended, parallel four alpha-helical bundle that drives membrane fusion. STX17 is a SNARE of the autophagosome involved in autophagy through the direct control of autophagosome membrane fusion with the lysosome membrane. May also play a role in the early secretory pathway where it may maintain the architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate [...] (301 aa) |
| | LOC103692716 | Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha; Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity which is essential for its chaperone activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co-chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. Engages with a ra [...] (733 aa) |
| | Atg101 | Autophagy-related protein 101; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation. Stabilizes ATG13, protecting it from proteasomal degradation. (218 aa) |
| | Chmp3 | Charged multivesicular body protein 3; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential function [...] (223 aa) |
| | Ufl1 | E3 UFM1-protein ligase 1; E3 protein ligase that mediates ufmylation, the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like modifier UFM1 to substrate proteins, a post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins that may play a crucial role in a number of cellular processes. Mediates DDRGK1 ufmylation and may regulate the proteasomal degradation of DDRGK1 and CDK5RAP3 thereby modulating NF-kappa-B signaling. May also play a role in nuclear receptor-mediated transcription through TRIP4 ufmylation. May play a role in the unfolded protein response, mediating the ufmylation of multip [...] (793 aa) |
| | Tp53inp1 | Tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 1; Antiproliferative and proapoptotic protein involved in cell stress response which acts as a dual regulator of transcription and autophagy. Acts as a positive regulator of autophagy. In response to cellular stress or activation of autophagy, relocates to autophagosomes where it interacts with autophagosome-associated proteins GABARAP, GABARAPL1/L2, MAP1LC3A/B/C and regulates autophagy. Acts as an antioxidant and plays a major role in p53/TP53-driven oxidative stress response. Possesses both a p53/TP53-independent intracellular reactive oxyg [...] (239 aa) |
| | Aup1 | Ancient ubiquitous protein 1; May play a role in the translocation of terminally misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen to the cytoplasm and their degradation by the proteasome. (410 aa) |
| | Plaa | Phospholipase A-2-activating protein; Plays a role in protein ubiquitination, sorting and degradation through its association with VCP (By similarity). Involved in ubiquitin-mediated membrane proteins trafficking to late endosomes in an ESCRT-dependent manner, and hence plays a role in synaptic vesicle recycling (By similarity). May play a role in macroautophagy, regulating for instance the clearance of damaged lysosomes (By similarity). Plays a role in cerebellar Purkinje cell development. Positively regulates cytosolic and calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activities in a tumor ne [...] (795 aa) |
| | Prkaa2 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts a [...] (552 aa) |
| | Atp13a2 | Cation-transporting ATPase; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type V subfamily. (1145 aa) |
| | Atg4c | Cysteine protease; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy; Belongs to the peptidase C54 family. (455 aa) |
| | Nsfl1c | NSFL1 cofactor p47; Reduces the ATPase activity of VCP. Necessary for the fragmentation of Golgi stacks during mitosis and for VCP-mediated reassembly of Golgi stacks after mitosis. May play a role in VCP-mediated formation of transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER). Inhibits the activity of CTSL (in vitro) (By similarity). Together with UBXN2B/p37, regulates the centrosomal levels of kinase AURKA/Aurora A during mitotic progression by promoting AURKA removal from centrosomes in prophase (By similarity). Also, regulates spindle orientation during mitosis (By similarity). (370 aa) |
| | Zfyve1 | Zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 1 (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (777 aa) |
| | Chmp5 | Charged multivesicular body protein 5; Probable peripherally associated component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the [...] (219 aa) |
| | Rab39a | RAB39, member RAS oncogene family (Predicted). (217 aa) |
| | Rab19 | Ras-related protein Rab-19. (217 aa) |
| | Psen1 | Presenilin-1 CTF subunit; Catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Requires the presence of the other members of the gamma-secretase complex for protease activity. Plays a role in Notch and Wnt signaling cascades and regulation of downstream processes via its role in processing key regulatory proteins, and by regulating cytosolic CTNNB1 levels. Stimulates cell-cell adhesion via its interaction with CDH1; this stabili [...] (468 aa) |
| | Ubxn2b | UBX domain-containing protein 2B; Adapter protein required for Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum biogenesis. Involved in Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum maintenance during interphase and in their reassembly at the end of mitosis. The complex formed with VCP has membrane fusion activity; membrane fusion activity requires USO1-GOLGA2 tethering and BET1L. VCPIP1 is also required, but not its deubiquitinating activity. Together with NSFL1C/p47, regulates the centrosomal levels of kinase AURKA/Aurora A during mitotic progression by promoting AURKA removal from centrosomes in prophase. Also, r [...] (331 aa) |
| | Ripk2 | Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Upon stimulation by bacterial peptidoglycans, NOD1 and NOD2 are activated, oligomerize and recruit RIPK2 through CARD-CARD domains. (539 aa) |
| | RGD1359108 | Guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog; Component of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex, a complex that has guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity and regulates autophagy. In the complex, C9orf72 and SMCR8 probably constitute the catalytic subunits that promote the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting inactive GDP-bound RAB8A and RAB39B into their active GTP-bound form, thereby promoting autophagosome maturation. The C9orf72-SMCR8 complex also acts as a regulator of autophagy initiation by interacting with the ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex and modulating its protein kinase activity. Po [...] (480 aa) |
| | Rab43 | Ras-related protein Rab-43; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. The low intrinsic GTPase activity of RAB43 is activated by USP6NL. Involved in retrograde transport from the endocytic pathway to the Golgi apparatus. Involved in the transport of Shiga [...] (210 aa) |
| | Wdr45 | WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4; Component of the autophagy machinery that controls the major intracellular degradation process by which cytoplasmic materials are packaged into autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Activated by the STK11/AMPK signaling pathway upon starvation, WDR45 is involved in autophagosome assembly downstream of WIPI2, regulating the size of forming autophagosomes. Probably recruited to membranes through its PtdIns3P activity. (360 aa) |
| | Chmp4c | Charged multivesicular body protein 4c; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (232 aa) |
| | Ctsb | Cathepsin B heavy chain; Thiol protease which is believed to participate in intracellular degradation and turnover of proteins. Cleaves matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein MEPE (By similarity). Involved in the solubilization of cross-linked TG/thyroglobulin in the thyroid follicle lumen (By similarity). Has also been implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase C1 family. (339 aa) |
| | Nod1 | Similar to Caspase recruitment domain protein 4 (Predicted). (953 aa) |
| | Dap | Death-associated protein 1; Negative regulator of autophagy. Involved in mediating interferon-gamma-induced cell death (By similarity). (102 aa) |
| | Vps13a | Vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog A. (2335 aa) |
| | Arsb | Arylsulfatase B; Removes sulfate groups from chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) and regulates its degradation. In the central nervous system, is a regulator of neurite outgrowth and neuronal plasticity, acting through the control of sulfate glycosaminoglycans and neurocan levels. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, cell migration and invasion in colonic epithelium (By similarity). (528 aa) |
| | Uba5 | Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 5; E1-like enzyme which activates UFM1 and SUMO2. (403 aa) |
| | S100a9 | Protein S100-A9; S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid [...] (133 aa) |
| | S100a8 | Protein S100-A8; S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH- oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitat [...] (89 aa) |
| | Trappc4 | Trafficking protein particle complex subunit 4; May play a role in vesicular transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. (219 aa) |
| | Npc1 | NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1. (1278 aa) |
| | Tmem41b | Transmembrane protein 41B; Required for normal motor neuron development. Required for autophagosome formation; Belongs to the TMEM41 family. (291 aa) |
| | Atg14 | Beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator; Required for both basal and inducible autophagy. Determines the localization of the autophagy-specific PI3-kinase complex. Plays a role in autophagosome formation and MAP1LC3/LC3 conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine. Promotes BECN1 translocation from the trans- Golgi network to autophagosomes. Enhances PIK3C3 activity in a BECN1- dependent manner. Essential for the autophagy-dependent phosphorylation of BECN1. Stimulates the phosphorylation of BECN1, but suppresses the phosphorylation PIK3C3 by AMPK. Binds to STX17-SNAP29 binary t [...] (492 aa) |
| | Rab7a | Ras-related protein Rab-7a; Key regulator in endo-lysosomal trafficking. Governs early- to-late endosomal maturation, microtubule minus-end as well as plus-end directed endosomal migration and positioning, and endosome-lysosome transport through different protein-protein interaction cascades (By similarity). Plays a central role, not only in endosomal traffic, but also in many other cellular and physiological events, such as growth- factor-mediated cell signaling, nutrient-transportor mediated nutrient uptake, neurotrophin transport in the axons of neurons and lipid metabolism (By simi [...] (207 aa) |
| | Vamp8 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8; SNAREs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors, are essential proteins for fusion of cellular membranes. SNAREs localized on opposing membranes assemble to form a trans-SNARE complex, an extended, parallel four alpha-helical bundle that drives membrane fusion. VAMP8 is a SNARE involved in autophagy through the direct control of autophagosome membrane fusion with the lysososome membrane via its interaction with the STX17-SNAP29 binary t- SNARE complex (By similarity). Also required for dense-granule secretion in plat [...] (99 aa) |
| | Rab33b | RAB33B, member of RAS oncogene family (Predicted), isoform CRA_b. (229 aa) |
| | Lix1 | Limb and CNS-expressed 1. (282 aa) |
| | Phb2 | Prohibitin-2; Acts as a mediator of transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors via recruitment of histone deacetylases. Functions as an estrogen receptor (ER)-selective coregulator that potentiates the inhibitory activities of antiestrogens and represses the activity of estrogens. Competes with NCOA1 for modulation of ER transcriptional activity. Probably involved in regulating mitochondrial respiration activity and in aging (By similarity). In mitochondria, regulates cytochrome-c oxidase assembly (COX) and mitochondrial respiration. Binding to sphingoid 1-phosphate (SPP) [...] (299 aa) |
| | Prkaa1 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts a [...] (559 aa) |
| | Arsa | Arylsulfatase A, isoform CRA_a. (507 aa) |
| | Pip4k2b | Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 beta; Participates in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate. (416 aa) |
| | Tex264 | Testis expressed gene 264 homolog (Mouse), isoform CRA_a. (309 aa) |
| | Foxo1 | Forkhead box protein O1; Transcription factor that is the main target of insulin signaling and regulates metabolic homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. Binds to the insulin response element (IRE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTTG-3' and the related Daf-16 family binding element (DBE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTAC-3'. Activity suppressed by insulin. Main regulator of redox balance and osteoblast numbers and controls bone mass. Orchestrates the endocrine function of the skeleton in regulating glucose metabolism. Acts synergistically with ATF4 to suppress osteocalc [...] (649 aa) |
| | Rnf166 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF166; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes the ubiquitination of different substrates. In turn, participates in different biological processes including interferon production or autophagy. Plays a role in the activation of RNA virus-induced interferon-beta production by promoting the ubiquitination of TRAF3 and TRAF6. Plays also a role in the early recruitment of autophagy adapters to bacteria. Mediates 'Lys- 29' and 'Lys-33'-linked ubiquitination of SQSTM1 leading to xenophagic targeting of bacteria and inhibition of their replication. (237 aa) |
| | Pik3r4 | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4; Regulatory subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 (By similarity); Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (1358 aa) |
| | Snapin | SNARE-associated protein Snapin; Component of the BLOC-1 complex, a complex that is required for normal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LRO), such as platelet dense granules and melanosomes. In concert with the AP-3 complex, the BLOC-1 complex is required to target membrane protein cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals. The BLOC-1 complex, in association with SNARE proteins, is also proposed to be involved in neurite extension. Plays a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking and synaptic vesicle recycling. May modulate [...] (136 aa) |
| | Hmox1 | Heme oxygenase 1; Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed. Exhibits cytoprotective effects since excess of free heme sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis. (289 aa) |
| | Synpo2 | Synaptopodin-2; Has an actin-binding and actin-bundling activity. Can induce the formation of F-actin networks. At the sarcomeric Z lines is proposed to act as adapter protein that links nascent myofibers to the sarcolemma via ZYX and may play a role in early assembly and stabilization of the Z lines (By similarity). Involved in autophagosome formation. May play a role in chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) involved in Z lines maintenance in striated muscle under mechanical tension; may link the client-processing CASA chaperone machinery to a membrane-tethering and fusion com [...] (1262 aa) |
| | LOC690000 | Similar to CG3740-PA. (141 aa) |
| | Hap1 | Huntingtin-associated protein 1; Originally identified as neuronal protein that specifically associates with HTT/huntingtin and the binding is enhanced by an expanded polyglutamine repeat within HTT possibly affecting HAP1 interaction properties. Both HTT and HAP1 are involved in intracellular trafficking and HAP1 is proposed to link HTT to motor proteins and/or transport cargos. Seems to play a role in vesicular transport within neurons and axons such as from early endosomes to late endocytic compartments and to promote neurite outgrowth. The vesicular transport function via associati [...] (629 aa) |
| | Rab8a | Ras-related protein Rab-8A; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab is involved in polarized vesicular trafficking and neurotransmitter release. Together with RAB11A, RAB3IP, the exocyst complex, PARD3, PRKCI, ANXA2, CDC42 and DNMBP promotes t [...] (207 aa) |
| | Umod | Uromodulin, secreted form; [Uromodulin]: Functions in biogenesis and organization of the apical membrane of epithelial cells of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH), where it promotes formation of complex filamentous gel-like structure that may play a role in the water barrier permeability. May serve as a receptor for binding and endocytosis of cytokines (IL-1, IL-2) and TNF. Facilitates neutrophil migration across renal epithelia. (644 aa) |
| | Trappc8 | Trafficking protein particle complex 8. (1433 aa) |
| | Chmp1a | Charged multivesicular body protein 1A. (196 aa) |
| | Atg10 | RCG44366, isoform CRA_a. (214 aa) |
| | Uvrag | Similar to UV radiation resistance associated, isoform CRA_d. (698 aa) |
| | Pik3cb | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulation [...] (1070 aa) |
| | Pip4k2a | PIPK domain-containing protein. (194 aa) |
| | Usp10 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 10; Hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from target proteins such as p53/TP53, BECN1, SNX3 and CFTR. Acts as an essential regulator of p53/TP53 stability: in unstressed cells, specifically deubiquitinates p53/TP53 in the cytoplasm, leading to counteract MDM2 action and stabilize p53/TP53. Following DNA damage, translocates to the nucleus and deubiquitinates p53/TP53, leading to regulate the p53/TP53-dependent DNA damage response. Component of a regulatory loop that controls autophagy and p53/TP53 levels: mediates deubiquitination of BECN [...] (794 aa) |
| | Calm3 | Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Mediates calcium- dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium- activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. (149 aa) |
| | Atg13 | Autophagy-related protein 13; Belongs to the ATG13 family. Metazoan subfamily. (478 aa) |
| | Snx7 | Sorting nexin 7. (387 aa) |
| | Slc25a46 | Solute carrier family 25 member 46; May play a role in mitochondrial dynamics by controlling mitochondrial membrane fission; Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (418 aa) |
| | Trim5 | Similar to 9230105E10Rik protein. (511 aa) |
| | Chmp7 | CHMP family, member 7 (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (450 aa) |
| | Tcirg1 | V-type proton ATPase subunit a; Essential component of the vacuolar proton pump (V-ATPase), a multimeric enzyme that catalyzes the translocation of protons across the membranes. Required for assembly and activity of the V-ATPase. (834 aa) |
| | Gabarap | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein; Involved in apoptosis (By similarity). May play a role in intracellular transport of GABA(A) receptors and its interaction with the cytoskeleton. Involved in autophagy (By similarity). (117 aa) |
| | Dram2 | DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator protein 2; Plays a role in the initiation of autophagy. In the retina, might be involved in the process of photoreceptor cells renewal and recycling to preserve visual function. Induces apoptotic cell death when coexpressed with DRAM1; Belongs to the DRAM/TMEM150 family. (267 aa) |
| | Phf23 | PHD finger protein 23; Acts as a negative regulator of autophagy, through promoting ubiquitination and degradation of LRSAM1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes autophagy in response to starvation or infecting bacteria. Belongs to the PHF23 family. (334 aa) |
| | Atp2a2 | Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2; This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen. Isoform SERCA2A is involved in the regulation of the contraction/relaxation cycle. Acts as a regulator of TNFSF11-mediated Ca(2+) signaling pathways via its interaction with TMEM64 which is critical for the TNFSF11-induced CREB1 activation and mitochondrial ROS generation necessary for proper osteoclast generation. Association between TMEM64 and SERCA2 in the ER leads to cytos [...] (1043 aa) |
| | Arfip2 | Arfaptin-2; Plays a role in constitutive metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion from the trans Golgi network. May have important functions during vesicle biogenesis at certain cargo subdomains, which could be predominantly utilized by secreted MMPs, such as MMP7 and MMP2. Participates also in autophagy by regulating the starvation-depdendent trafficking of ATG9A vesicles which deliver the PI4-kinase to the autophagosome initiation site. In addition, plays a role in NF-kappa-B inhibition by interacting with IKBKB and IKBKG. (341 aa) |
| | Atg4b | Cysteine protease; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy; Belongs to the peptidase C54 family. (393 aa) |
| | Atg9a | Autophagy-related protein 9A; Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Plays a key role in the organization of the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. Cycles between a juxta-nuclear trans-Golgi network compartment and late endosomes. Nutrient starvation induces accumulation on autophagosomes. Starvation-dependent trafficking requires ULK1, ATG13 and SUPT20H (By similarity). (839 aa) |
| | Ulk3 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK3; Serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as a regulator of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling and autophagy. Acts as a negative regulator of SHH signaling in the absence of SHH ligand: interacts with SUFU, thereby inactivating the protein kinase activity and preventing phosphorylation of GLI proteins (GLI1, GLI2 and/or GLI3). Positively regulates SHH signaling in the presence of SHH: dissociates from SUFU, autophosphorylates and mediates phosphorylation of GLI2, activating it and promoting its nuclear translocation. Phosphorylates in vitro GLI2, as we [...] (472 aa) |
| | Cln3 | Battenin. (438 aa) |
| | Rnf185 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF185; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that regulates selective mitochondrial autophagy by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of BNIP1. Acts in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, which targets misfolded proteins that accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation. Protects cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. Responsible for the cotranslational ubiquitination and degradation of CFTR in the ERAD pathway. Preferentially associates with the E2 enzymes UB [...] (192 aa) |
| | Emc6 | ER membrane protein complex subunit 6. (110 aa) |
| | Ubqln2 | Ubiquilin 2 (Predicted). (638 aa) |
| | Atg16l2 | Autophagy-related 16-like 2. (623 aa) |
| | Tm9sf1 | Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1; Plays an essential role in autophagy; Belongs to the nonaspanin (TM9SF) (TC 9.A.2) family. (589 aa) |
| | Hsp90ab1 | Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta; Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co- chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. Engages with a range of client protein classes via its interact [...] (724 aa) |
| | Stub1 | STIP1 homology and U-Box containing protein 1, isoform CRA_b. (304 aa) |
| | Retreg3 | Reticulophagy regulator family member 3. (466 aa) |
| | Ctsd | Cathepsin D 12 kDa light chain; Acid protease active in intracellular protein breakdown. Plays a role in APP processing following cleavage and activation by ADAM30 which leads to APP degradation; Belongs to the peptidase A1 family. (407 aa) |
| | Syt11 | Synaptotagmin-11; Synaptotagmin family member involved in vesicular and membrane trafficking which does not bind Ca(2+). Inhibits clathrin-mediated and bulk endocytosis in neurons, functions to ensure precision in vesicle retrieval. Plays an important role in dopamine transmission by regulating endocytosis and the vesicle-recycling process. Essential component of a neuronal vesicular trafficking pathway that differs from the synaptic vesicle trafficking pathway but is crucial for development and synaptic plasticity. In macrophages and microglia, inhibits the conventional cytokine secre [...] (430 aa) |
| | 5330417C22Rik | RIKEN cDNA 5330417C22 gene. (1009 aa) |
| | Nbr1 | Next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein; Acts probably as a receptor for selective autophagosomal degradation of ubiquitinated targets. (983 aa) |
