STRINGSTRING
Smad9 Smad9 Nodal Nodal Atf2 Atf2 Hes1 Hes1 Chrd Chrd Tgfbr3 Tgfbr3 Tmem100 Tmem100 Tgfb2 Tgfb2 Bmp15 Bmp15 Lefty1 Lefty1 Dlx3 Dlx3 Chrdl1 Chrdl1 Acvr2a Acvr2a Gdf7 Gdf7 Sostdc1 Sostdc1 Gdf9 Gdf9 Gdf6 Gdf6 Pparg Pparg Smad6 Smad6 Bmp10 Bmp10 Sfrp2 Sfrp2 Bmp4 Bmp4 Slc33a1 Slc33a1 Tgfb3 Tgfb3 Lef1 Lef1 Bmp5 Bmp5 Dlx5 Dlx5 Fst Fst Smad5 Smad5 Zcchc12 Zcchc12 Twsg1 Twsg1 Bmp6 Bmp6 Hes5 Hes5 Ecsit Ecsit Hivep1 Hivep1 Acvr2b Acvr2b Pdcd4 Pdcd4 Bmpr1b Bmpr1b Hfe Hfe Sfrp1 Sfrp1 Msx2 Msx2 Smad7 Smad7 Smad1 Smad1 Notch2 Notch2 Egr1 Egr1 Zscan22 Zscan22 Gdf15 Gdf15 Gdf1 Gdf1 Fam83g Fam83g Tgfb1 Tgfb1 Sost Sost Hjv Hjv Bmp2 Bmp2 Scx Scx Nog Nog Smpd3 Smpd3 Dsg4 Dsg4 Ext1 Ext1 Usp15 Usp15 Etv2 Etv2 Bmpr2 Bmpr2 Smad3 Smad3 Bmper Bmper Ddx5 Ddx5 Slc39a5 Slc39a5 Abl1 Abl1 Bmp8b Bmp8b Bmp8a Bmp8a Gdf3 Gdf3 Id1 Id1 Vsir Vsir Runx2 Runx2 Rgma Rgma Nanog Nanog Gdf5 Gdf5 Rgmb Rgmb Comp Comp Ror2 Ror2 Smad9-2 Smad9-2 Mapk3 Mapk3 Bmp7 Bmp7 Lefty2 Lefty2 Usp9y Usp9y Usp9x Usp9x Acvr1 Acvr1 Gdf2 Gdf2 Acvrl1 Acvrl1 Smurf1 Smurf1 Fkbp8 Fkbp8 Megf8 Megf8 Smad4 Smad4 Bmpr1a Bmpr1a Smad2 Smad2 Cers1 Cers1
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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co-expression
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Smad9Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9; Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD9 is a receptor- regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) (By similarity). Has been shown to be activated by activin type I receptor-like kinase-2 (ALK-2) which stimulates heteromerization between SMAD9 and SMAD4. ALK-2 binds TGF-beta, activin and BMP; Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family. (430 aa)
NodalNodal growth differentiation factor. (354 aa)
Atf2Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2; Transcriptional activator which regulates the transcription of various genes, including those involved in anti-apoptosis, cell growth, and DNA damage response. Dependent on its binding partner, binds to CRE (cAMP response element) consensus sequences (5'-TGACGTCA- 3') or to AP-1 (activator protein 1) consensus sequences (5'-TGACTCA- 3'). In the nucleus, contributes to global transcription and the DNA damage response, in addition to specific transcriptional activities that are related to cell development, proliferation and death. In the c [...] (487 aa)
Hes1Transcription factor HES-1; Transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription. May act as a negative regulator of myogenesis by inhibiting the functions of MYOD1 and ASH1. Binds DNA on N-box motifs: 5'-CACNAG-3' with high affinity and on E-box motifs: 5'- CANNTG-3' with low affinity. May play a role in a functional FA core complex response to DNA cross-link damage, being required for the stability and nuclear localization of FA core complex proteins, as well as for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in response to DNA damage (By similarity). (281 aa)
ChrdChordin; Dorsalizing factor. Key developmental protein that dorsalizes early vertebrate embryonic tissues by binding to ventralizing TGF-beta family bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and sequestering them in latent complexes (By similarity); Belongs to the chordin family. (948 aa)
Tgfbr3Transforming growth factor beta receptor type 3; Binds to TGF-beta. Could be involved in capturing and retaining TGF-beta for presentation to the signaling receptors. (853 aa)
Tmem100Transmembrane protein 100; Plays a role during embryonic arterial endothelium differentiation and vascular morphogenesis through the ACVRL1 receptor- dependent signaling pathway upon stimulation by bone morphogenetic proteins, such as GDF2/BMP9 and BMP10. Involved in the regulation of nociception, acting as a modulator of the interaction between TRPA1 and TRPV1, two molecular sensors and mediators of pain signals in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Mechanistically, it weakens their interaction, thereby releasing the inhibition of TRPA1 by TRPV1 and increasing the single-channel open [...] (134 aa)
Tgfb2Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-2, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-2: Multifunctional protein that regulates various processes such as angiogenesis and heart development (By similarity). Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transfor [...] (442 aa)
Bmp15Bone morphogenetic protein 15. (391 aa)
Lefty1Left-right determination factor. (368 aa)
Dlx3Distal-less homeobox 3 (Predicted). (287 aa)
Chrdl1Chordin-like protein 1; Seems to antagonize the function of BMP4 by binding to it and preventing its interaction with receptors. Alters the fate commitment of neural stem cells from gliogenesis to neurogenesis. Contributes to neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells in the brain by preventing the adoption of a glial fate. May play a crucial role in dorsoventral axis formation. May play a role in embryonic bone formation. Plays a role during anterior segment eye development (By similarity). (521 aa)
Acvr2aActivin receptor type-2A; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for activin A, activin B and inhibin A. Mediates induction of adipogenesis by GDF6; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (513 aa)
Gdf7Growth differentiation factor 7. (449 aa)
Sostdc1Sclerostin domain-containing protein 1; Directly antagonizes activity of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6 and BMP7 in a dose-dependent manner (By similarity). May be involved in the onset of endometrial receptivity for implantation/sensitization for the decidual cell reaction. Enhances Wnt signaling and inhibits TGF-beta signaling; Belongs to the sclerostin family. (206 aa)
Gdf9Growth differentiation factor 9. (440 aa)
Gdf6Growth/differentiation factor 6; Growth factor that controls proliferation and cellular differentiation in the retina and bone formation. Plays a key role in regulating apoptosis during retinal development. Establishes dorsal- ventral positional information in the retina and controls the formation of the retinotectal map. Required for normal formation of bones and joints in the limbs, skull, digits and axial skeleton. Plays a key role in establishing boundaries between skeletal elements during development. Regulation of GDF6 expression seems to be a mechanism for evolving species-speci [...] (452 aa)
PpargPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut ho [...] (505 aa)
Smad6Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog. (457 aa)
Bmp10Bone morphogenetic protein 10; Required for maintaining the proliferative activity of embryonic cardiomyocytes by preventing premature activation of the negative cell cycle regulator CDKN1C/p57KIP and maintaining the required expression levels of cardiogenic factors such as MEF2C and NKX2-5. Acts as a ligand for ACVRL1/ALK1, BMPR1A/ALK3 and BMPR1B/ALK6, leading to activation of SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD8 transcription factors. Inhibits endothelial cell migration and growth. May reduce cell migration and cell matrix adhesion in breast cancer cell lines. Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (364 aa)
Sfrp2Secreted frizzled-related protein 2. (295 aa)
Bmp4Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction (By similarity). (408 aa)
Slc33a1Acetyl-coenzyme A transporter 1; Probable acetyl-CoA transporter necessary for O-acetylation of gangliosides. Negatively regulates BMP signaling (By similarity). (550 aa)
Tgfb3Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-beta-3) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-3, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-3: Multifunctional protein that regulates embryogenesis and cell differentiation and is required in various processes such as secondary palate development (By similarity). Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi appa [...] (412 aa)
Lef1Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1; Participates in the Wnt signaling pathway. Activates transcription of target genes in the presence of CTNNB1 and EP300. May play a role in hair cell differentiation and follicle morphogenesis. TLE1, TLE2, TLE3 and TLE4 repress transactivation mediated by LEF1 and CTNNB1. Regulates T-cell receptor alpha enhancer function. Binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner. PIASG antagonizes both Wnt-dependent and Wnt-independent activation by LEF1 (By similarity). (397 aa)
Bmp5Bone morphogenetic protein 5. (302 aa)
Dlx5Homeobox protein DLX-5; Transcriptional factor involved in bone development. Acts as an immediate early BMP-responsive transcriptional activator essential for osteoblast differentiation. Stimulates ALPL promoter activity in a RUNX2-independent manner during osteoblast differentiation. Stimulates SP7 promoter activity during osteoblast differentiation. Promotes cell proliferation by up-regulating MYC promoter activity. Involved as a positive regulator of both chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy in the endochondral skeleton. Binds to the homeodomain-response element of the ALPL an [...] (289 aa)
FstFollistatin; Binds directly to activin and functions as an activin antagonist. Specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis and secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). (344 aa)
Smad5Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5; Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD5 is a receptor- regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) (By similarity). (465 aa)
Zcchc12Zinc finger CCHC domain-containing protein 12; Transcriptional coactivator in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signaling pathway. It positively modulates BMP signaling by interacting with SMAD1 and associating with CBP in the transcription complex. It contributes to the BMP-induced enhancement of cholinergic- neuron-specific gene expression (By similarity); Belongs to the ZCCHC12 family. (401 aa)
Twsg1Twisted gastrulation homolog 1 (Drosophila) (Predicted), isoform CRA_b. (222 aa)
Bmp6Bone morphogenetic protein 6; Induces cartilage and bone formation. (506 aa)
Hes5Transcription factor HES-5; Transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription. Plays an important role as neurogenesis negative regulator (By similarity). (166 aa)
EcsitEvolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathway, mitochondrial; Adapter protein of the Toll-like and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway that is involved in the activation of NF-kappa-B via MAP3K1. Promotes proteolytic activation of MAP3K1. Involved in the BMP signaling pathway. Required for normal embryonic development. Belongs to the ECSIT family. (434 aa)
Hivep1HIVEP zinc finger 1. (2110 aa)
Acvr2bActivin receptor type-2B; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase activin type-2 receptor forming an activin receptor complex with activin type-1 serine/threonine kinase receptors (ACVR1, ACVR1B or ACVR1c). Transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Activin is also thought to [...] (512 aa)
Pdcd4Programmed cell death protein 4; Inhibits translation initiation and cap-dependent translation. May excert its function by hindering the interaction between EIF4A1 and EIF4G. Inhibits the helicase activity of EIF4A. Modulates the activation of JUN kinase. Down-regulates the expression of MAP4K1, thus inhibiting events important in driving invasion, namely, MAPK85 activation and consequent JUN-dependent transcription. May play a role in apoptosis. Tumor suppressor. Inhibits tumor promoter-induced neoplastic transformation. Binds RNA (By similarity). Belongs to the PDCD4 family. (469 aa)
Bmpr1bSerine/threonine-protein kinase receptor; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (502 aa)
HfeHereditary hemochromatosis protein homolog; Binds to transferrin receptor (TFR) and reduces its affinity for iron-loaded transferrin. (360 aa)
Sfrp1Secreted frizzled-related protein 1; Soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPS) function as modulators of Wnt signaling through direct interaction with Wnts. They have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in specific cell types. SFRP1 decreases intracellular beta-catenin levels (By similarity). Has antiproliferative effects on vascular cells, in vitro and in vivo, and can induce, in vivo, an angiogenic response. In vascular cell cycle, delays the G1 phase and entry into the S phase. In kidney development, inhibits tubule formation and bud growth in metanephroi. Inhibits [...] (313 aa)
Msx2Homeobox protein MSX-2; Acts as a transcriptional regulator in bone development. Represses the ALPL promoter activity and antagonizes the stimulatory effect of DLX5 on ALPL expression during osteoblast differentiation. Probable morphogenetic role. May play a role in limb-pattern formation. In osteoblasts, suppresses transcription driven by the osteocalcin FGF response element (OCFRE). Binds to the homeodomain-response element of the ALPL promoter (By similarity). (267 aa)
Smad7Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7; Antagonist of signaling by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) type 1 receptor superfamily members; has been shown to inhibit TGF-beta (Transforming growth factor) and activin signaling by associating with their receptors thus preventing SMAD2 access. Functions as an adapter to recruit SMURF2 to the TGF-beta receptor complex. Also acts by recruiting the PPP1R15A-PP1 complex to TGFBR1, which promotes its dephosphorylation. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a [...] (426 aa)
Smad1Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1; Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD1 is a receptor- regulated SMAD (R-SMAD). Has been shown to be also activated by TGF- beta (transforming growth factor) type I receptor kinase in rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC 4-1). SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1. May act synergistically with SMAD4 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)- mediated cardiac-specific gene expression (By similarity). (468 aa)
Notch2Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2; Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged-1 (JAG1), Jagged-2 (JAG2) and Delta-1 (DLL1) to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. Affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs (By similarity). Involved in bone remodeling and homeostasis. In collaboration with RELA/p65 enhances NFATc1 promoter activity and pos [...] (2471 aa)
Egr1Early growth response protein 1; Transcriptional regulator. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-GCG(T/G)GGGCG-3'(EGR-site) in the promoter region of target genes (By similarity). Binds double-stranded target DNA, irrespective of the cytosine methylation status (By similarity). Regulates the transcription of numerous target genes, and thereby plays an important role in regulating the response to growth factors, DNA damage, and ischemia. Plays a role in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and cell death. Activates expression of p53/TP53 and TGFB1, and thereby helps pre [...] (536 aa)
Zscan22Zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing 22. (495 aa)
Gdf15Growth/differentiation factor 15; egulates food intake, energy expenditure and body weight in response to metabolic and toxin-induced stresses. Binds to its receptor, GFRAL, and activates GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem. It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which contitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes feeding responses to stressful conditions (Probable). On hepatocytes, inhibits growth hormone signaling (By similarity). (303 aa)
Gdf1Growth differentiation factor 1 protein. (357 aa)
Fam83gFamily with sequence similarity 83, member G. (814 aa)
Tgfb1Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration (By similarity). Activation into mature form fo [...] (390 aa)
SostSclerostin; Negative regulator of bone growth that acts through inhibition of Wnt signaling and bone formation; Belongs to the sclerostin family. (213 aa)
HjvHemojuvelin; Acts as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) coreceptor. Through enhancement of BMP signaling regulates hepcidin (HAMP) expression and regulates iron homeostasis. Belongs to the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family. (422 aa)
Bmp2Bone morphogenetic protein 2; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Stimulates the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts via the EIF2AK3-EIF2A- ATF4 pathway. BMP2 activation of EIF2AK3 stimulates phosphorylation of EIF2A which leads to increased expression of ATF4 which plays a central role in osteoblast differentiation. In addition stimulates TMEM119, which upregulates the expression of ATF4. Belongs to the TGF-beta family. (394 aa)
ScxScleraxis bHLH transcription factor. (209 aa)
NogNoggin; Essential for cartilage morphogenesis and joint formation. Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling which is required for growth and patterning of the neural tube and somite (By similarity). Inhibits chondrocyte differentiation through its interaction with GDF5 and, probably, GDF6 (By similarity). (232 aa)
Smpd3Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to form ceramide and phosphocholine. Ceramide mediates numerous cellular functions, such as apoptosis and growth arrest, and is capable of regulating these 2 cellular events independently. Also hydrolyzes sphingosylphosphocholine. Regulates the cell cycle by acting as a growth suppressor in confluent cells. Acts as a regulator of postnatal development and participates in bone and dentin mineralization. Overexpression enhances cell death, suggesting that it may be involved in apoptosis control. May be involved [...] (635 aa)
Dsg4Desmoglein-4; Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. Coordinates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in hair follicle keratinocytes (By similarity). (1040 aa)
Ext1Exostosin glycosyltransferase 1; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family. (746 aa)
Usp15Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15; Hydrolase that removes conjugated ubiquitin from target proteins and regulates various pathways such as the TGF-beta receptor signaling, NF-kappa-B and RNF41/NRDP1-PRKN pathways. Acts as a key regulator of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway, but the precise mechanism is still unclear: according to a report, acts by promoting deubiquitination of monoubiquitinated R-SMADs (SMAD1, SMAD2 and/or SMAD3), thereby alleviating inhibition of R-SMADs and promoting activation of TGF-beta target genes. According to another reports, regulates the TGF-beta r [...] (952 aa)
Etv2ETS variant transcription factor 2. (336 aa)
Bmpr2Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (1038 aa)
Smad3Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP- 1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and m [...] (425 aa)
BmperBMP-binding endothelial regulator (Predicted). (685 aa)
Ddx5DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 5. (615 aa)
Slc39a5Solute carrier family 39 (Metal ion transporter), member 5 (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (533 aa)
Abl1Tyrosine-protein kinase. (1143 aa)
Bmp8bBone morphogenetic protein 8b. (399 aa)
Bmp8aBone morphogenetic protein 8a. (399 aa)
Gdf3Similar to growth/differentiation factor GDF-3-mouse (Predicted). (366 aa)
Id1DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1; Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation. Inhibits skeletal muscle and cardiac myocyte differentiation. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the C [...] (148 aa)
VsirV-set immunoregulatory receptor. (309 aa)
Runx2Runt-related transcription factor 2; Transcription factor involved in osteoblastic differentiation and skeletal morphogenesis. Essential for the maturation of osteoblasts and both intramembranous and endochondral ossification. CBF binds to the core site, 5'-PYGPYGGT-3', of a number of enhancers and promoters, including murine leukemia virus, polyomavirus enhancer, T-cell receptor enhancers, osteocalcin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, alpha 1(I) collagen, LCK, IL-3 and GM-CSF promoters. Inhibits KAT6B-dependent transcriptional activation. In osteoblasts, supports transcription activati [...] (529 aa)
RgmaRGM domain family, member A (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (449 aa)
NanogNanog homeobox. (312 aa)
Gdf5Growth differentiation factor 5. (495 aa)
RgmbRepulsive guidance molecule BMP co-receptor b. (436 aa)
CompCartilage oligomeric matrix protein; May play a role in the structural integrity of cartilage via its interaction with other extracellular matrix proteins such as the collagens and fibronectin. Can mediate the interaction of chondrocytes with the cartilage extracellular matrix through interaction with cell surface integrin receptors. Could play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Potent suppressor of apoptosis in both primary chondrocytes and transformed cells. Suppresses apoptosis by blocking the activation of caspase-3 and by inducing the IAP family of survival proteins (BI [...] (755 aa)
Ror2Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Predicted); Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. ROR subfamily. (943 aa)
Smad9-2Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9. (430 aa)
Mapk3Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (380 aa)
Bmp7Bone morphogenetic protein 7. (430 aa)
Lefty2Left-right determination factor. (368 aa)
Usp9yUbiquitin-specific peptidase 9, Y-linked; Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. (2551 aa)
Usp9xUbiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked; Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. (2554 aa)
Acvr1Activin receptor type-1; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for activin. May be involved for left-right pattern formation during embryogenesis (By similarity). (528 aa)
Gdf2Similar to Growth/differentiation factor 2 (GDF-2) (Bone morphogenetic protein 9) (BMP-9). (430 aa)
Acvrl1Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3; Type I receptor for TGF-beta family ligands BMP9/GDF2 and BMP10 and important regulator of normal blood vessel development. On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. May bind activin as well; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (504 aa)
Smurf1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. (731 aa)
Fkbp8Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP8; Constitutively inactive PPiase, which becomes active when bound to calmodulin and calcium. Seems to act as a chaperone for BCL2, targets it to the mitochondria and modulates its phosphorylation state. The BCL2/FKBP8/calmodulin/calcium complex probably interferes with the binding of BCL2 to its targets. The active form of FKBP8 may therefore play a role in the regulation of apoptosis (By similarity). (403 aa)
Megf8Multiple epidermal growth factor-like domains protein 8; Acts as a negative regulator of hedgehog signaling. (2789 aa)
Smad4Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). Component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. Component of the multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex which forms at the AP1 promoter site; required for synergistic transcriptional activity in r [...] (550 aa)
Bmpr1aBone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1A; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for BMP2, BMP4, GDF5 and GDF6. Positively regulates chondrocyte differentiation through GDF5 interaction. Mediates induction of adipogenesis by GDF6. (532 aa)
Smad2Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator [...] (467 aa)
Cers1Longevity assurance-like protein 1. (350 aa)
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Rattus norvegicus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10116
Other names: Buffalo rat, Norway rat, R. norvegicus, Rattus PC12 clone IS, Rattus sp. strain Wistar, Sprague-Dawley rat, Wistar rats, brown rat, laboratory rat, rat, rats, zitter rats
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