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| Nlgn2 | Neuroligin-2; Transmembrane scaffolding protein involved in cell-cell interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Mediates cell-cell interactions both in neurons and in other types of cells, such as Langerhans beta cells. Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, especially via gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(A) receptors). Functions by recruiting and clustering synaptic proteins. Promotes clustering of postsynaptic GABRG2 and GPHN. Promotes clustering of postsynaptic LHFPL4 (By similarity). Modulates signaling by inhibitory synapses [...] (876 aa) | ||||
| Src | Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. Due to functional redundancy bet [...] (542 aa) | ||||
| Begain | Brain-enriched guanylate kinase-associated protein; May sustain the structure of the postsynaptic density (PSD). (611 aa) | ||||
| Shank3 | SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3; Major scaffold postsynaptic density protein which interacts with multiple proteins and complexes to orchestrate the dendritic spine and synapse formation, maturation and maintenance. Interconnects receptors of the postsynaptic membrane including NMDA-type and metabotropic glutamate receptors via complexes with GKAP/PSD-95 and HOMER, respectively, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the structural and functional organization of the dendritic spine and synaptic junction through the interaction with Arp2/3 and WAVE1 complex [...] (1741 aa) | ||||
| Psca | Prostate stem cell antigen. (123 aa) | ||||
| Rasgrf1 | Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1; Promotes the exchange of Ras-bound GDP by GTP. (1244 aa) | ||||
| Ephb2 | Eph receptor B2. (986 aa) | ||||
| Park7 | Protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Acts on early glycation intermediates (hemithioacetals and aminoca [...] (214 aa) | ||||
| Dlg4 | Disks large homolog 4; Interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA receptor subunits and shaker-type potassium channels. Required for synaptic plasticity associated with NMDA receptor signaling. Overexpression or depletion of DLG4 changes the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses in hippocampal neurons. May reduce the amplitude of ASIC3 acid-evoked currents by retaining the channel intracellularly. May regulate the intracellular trafficking of ADR1B. Also regulates AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) immobilization at postsynaptic density keeping the channels in an activated stat [...] (729 aa) | ||||
| Chrna4 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodium ions. (630 aa) | ||||
| Dlgap1 | Disks large-associated protein 1; Part of the postsynaptic scaffold in neuronal cells. (992 aa) | ||||
| Dapk1 | Death-associated protein kinase 1. (1442 aa) | ||||
| Akap9 | A-kinase-anchoring protein 9. (3847 aa) | ||||
| Slc6a9 | Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1; Terminates the action of glycine by its high affinity sodium- dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. May play a role in regulation of glycine levels in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission; Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A9 subfamily. (638 aa) | ||||
| Rasgrf2 | Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2; Functions as a calcium-regulated nucleotide exchange factor activating both Ras and RAC1 through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Preferentially activates HRAS in vivo compared to RRAS based on their different types of prenylation. Functions in synaptic plasticity by contributing to the induction of long term potentiation. (849 aa) | ||||
| Pink1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial; Protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress by phosphorylating mitochondrial proteins. Involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) by mediating activation and translocation of PRKN. Targets PRKN to dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria through the phosphorylation of MFN2 (By similarity). Activates PRKN in 2 steps: (1) by mediating phosphorylation at 'Ser-65' of PRKN and (2) mediating phosphorylation of ubiquitin, converting PRKN to its fully-active form (By similarity) [...] (580 aa) | ||||
| Cacng7 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit; Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit (By similarity). Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization and by mediating their resensitization. Shows specificity only for GRIA1 and GRIA2 (By similarity). Belongs to the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family. CACNG subfamily. (275 aa) | ||||
| Oprm1 | Mu-type opioid receptor; Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone. Agonist binding to the receptor induces coupling to an inactive GDP-bound heterotrimeric G-protein complex and subsequent exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit leading to dissociation of the G-protein complex with the free GTP-bound G-protein alpha and the G-protein beta-gamma dimer activating downstream cellular effectors. The agonist- and cell typ [...] (468 aa) | ||||
| Lynx1 | Ly6/neurotoxin 1 (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (116 aa) | ||||
| Mef2c | Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C; Transcription activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element present in the regulatory regions of many muscle-specific genes. Controls cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis, and is also involved in vascular development. Enhances transcriptional activation mediated by SOX18. Plays an essential role in hippocampal- dependent learning and memory by suppressing the number of excitatory synapses and thus regulating basal and evoked synaptic transmission. Crucial for normal neuronal development, distribution, and electrical activity in the neocorte [...] (393 aa) | ||||
| Pate1 | Prostate and testis expressed protein. (125 aa) | ||||
| Nrxn1 | Neurexin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions, exocytosis of secretory granules and regulation of signal transmission. Function is isoform-specific. Alpha-type isoforms have a long N- terminus with six laminin G-like domains and play an important role in synaptic signal transmission. Alpha-type isoforms play a role in the regulation of calcium channel activity and Ca(2+)-triggered neurotransmitter release at synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. They play an important role in Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis of secretory granules in pituitary gland. They may effect [...] (922 aa) | ||||
| Homer1 | Homer protein homolog 1; Postsynaptic density scaffolding protein. Binds and cross- links cytoplasmic regions of GRM1, GRM5, ITPR1, DNM3, RYR1, RYR2, SHANK1 and SHANK3. By physically linking GRM1 and GRM5 with ER- associated ITPR1 receptors, it aids the coupling of surface receptors to intracellular calcium release. May also couple GRM1 to PI3 kinase through its interaction with AGAP2. Differentially regulates the functions of the calcium activated channel ryanodine receptors RYR1 and RYR2. Isoform 1 decreases the activity of RYR2, and increases the activity of RYR1, whereas isoform 3 [...] (366 aa) | ||||
| Shisa8 | Shisa family member 8. (399 aa) | ||||
| Arc | Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein; Master regulator of synaptic plasticity that self-assembles into virion-like capsids that encapsulate RNAs and mediate intercellular RNA transfer in the nervous system. ARC protein is released from neurons in extracellular vesicles that mediate the transfer of ARC mRNA into new target cells, where ARC mRNA can undergo activity-dependent translation. ARC capsids are endocytosed and are able to transfer ARC mRNA into the cytoplasm of neurons. Acts as a key regulator of synaptic plasticity: required for protein synthesis-dependent forms [...] (396 aa) | ||||
| Cfl1 | Cofilin-1; Binds to F-actin and exhibits pH-sensitive F-actin depolymerizing activity. Regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Important for normal progress through mitosis and normal cytokinesis. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required for the up-regulation of atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. Required for neural tube morphogenesis and neural crest cell migration (By similarity). (166 aa) | ||||
| Reln | Reelin; Extracellular matrix serine protease that plays a role in layering of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Regulates microtubule function in neurons and neuronal migration. Affects migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, where it seems to act as a barrier to neuronal migration. Enzymatic activity is important for the modulation of cell adhesion. Binding to the extracellular domains of lipoprotein receptors VLDLR and LRP8/APOER2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of DAB1 and modulation of TAU phosphorylation (By similarity). (3462 aa) | ||||
| Pate4 | Seminal vesicle protein, secretion 7 (Predicted). (102 aa) | ||||
| Dlgap2 | Disks large-associated protein 2; May play a role in the molecular organization of synapses and neuronal cell signaling. Could be an adapter protein linking ion channel to the subsynaptic cytoskeleton. May induce enrichment of PSD- 95/SAP90 at the plasma membrane. (1003 aa) | ||||
| Shisa6 | Shisa family member 6. (521 aa) | ||||
| Mapk8ip2 | C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 2; The JNK-interacting protein (JIP) group of scaffold proteins selectively mediates JNK signaling by aggregating specific components of the MAPK cascade to form a functional JNK signaling module. JIP2 inhibits IL1 beta-induced apoptosis in insulin-secreting cells. (835 aa) | ||||
| Mink1 | Misshapen-like kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as a negative regulator of Ras-related Rap2-mediated signal transduction to control neuronal structure and AMPA receptor trafficking. Required for normal synaptic density, dendrite complexity, as well as surface AMPA receptor expression in hippocampal neurons. Can activate the JNK and MAPK14/p38 pathways and mediates stimulation of the stress-activated protein kinase MAPK14/p38 MAPK downstream of the Raf/ERK pathway. Phosphorylates: TANC1 upon stimulation by RAP2A, MBP and SMAD1. Has an essential function in negative selection [...] (1354 aa) | ||||
| Klhl24 | Kelch-like protein 24; Necessary to maintain the balance between intermediate filament stability and degradation, a process that is essential for skin integrity (By similarity). As part of the BCR(KLHL24) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, mediates ubiquitination of KRT14 and controls its levels during keratinocytes differentiation (By similarity). Specifically reduces kainate receptor-mediated currents in hippocampal neurons, most probably by modulating channel properties. (599 aa) | ||||
| Grin2a | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition; channels containing GRIN1 and GRIN2A have higher sensitivity to glutamate and faster kineti [...] (1307 aa) | ||||
| Cnih3 | Protein cornichon homolog 3; Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA- selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by regulating their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Belongs to the cornichon family. (160 aa) | ||||
| Dlgap4 | Disks large-associated protein 4; May play a role in the molecular organization of synapses and neuronal cell signaling. Could be an adapter protein linking ion channel to the subsynaptic cytoskeleton. May induce enrichment of PSD- 95/SAP90 at the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SAPAP family. (992 aa) | ||||
| Prrt1 | Proline-rich transmembrane protein 1. (306 aa) | ||||
| Nptx2 | Neuronal pentraxin-2; Likely to play role in the modification of cellular properties that underlie long-term plasticity. Binds to agar matrix in a calcium-dependent manner. (432 aa) | ||||
| Rph3a | Rabphilin-3A; Plays an essential role in docking and fusion steps of regulated exocytosis. At the presynaptic level, RPH3A is recruited by RAB3A to the synaptic vesicle membrane in a GTP-dependent manner where it modulates synaptic vesicle trafficking and calcium-triggered neurotransmitter release. In the post-synaptic compartment, forms a ternary complex with GRIN2A and DLG4 and regulates NMDA receptor stability. Plays also a role in the exocytosis of arginine vasopressin hormone. (684 aa) | ||||
| Ifngr2 | Interferon gamma receptor 2 (Predicted). (330 aa) | ||||
| Cacng4 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit; Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit (By similarity). Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs), including GRIA1 and GRIA4. Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization and by mediating their resensitization. Belongs to the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family. CACNG subfamily. (327 aa) | ||||
| Cacng5 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit; Regulates the gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Modulates their gating properties by accelerating their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Displays subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation. Shows specificity for GRIA1, GRIA4 and the long isoform of GRIA2. According to shows only specificity for GRIA2 and specifically to the form of GRIA2 for which a single amino acid in the pore region has been edited from a glutamine to an arginine residue. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel i [...] (275 aa) | ||||
| Slurp2 | Similar to secreted Ly6/uPAR related protein 2 (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (97 aa) | ||||
| Ptk2b | Protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta; Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarization, cell migration, adhesion, spreading and bone remodeling. Plays a role in the regulation of the humoral immune response, and is required for normal levels of marginal B-cells in the spleen and normal migration of splenic B-cells. Required for normal macrophage polarization and migration towards sites of inflammation. Regulates cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell spreading in T-cells, and contributes to the regulation of T-cell responses. Promot [...] (1009 aa) | ||||
| Homer3 | Homer protein homolog 3; Postsynaptic density scaffolding protein. Binds and cross- links cytoplasmic regions of GRM1, GRM5, ITPR1, DNM3, RYR1, RYR2, SHANK1 and SHANK3. By physically linking GRM1 and GRM5 with ER- associated ITPR1 receptors, it aids the coupling of surface receptors to intracellular calcium release (By similarity). Negatively regulates T cell activation by inhibiting the calcineurin-NFAT pathway. Acts by competing with calcineurin/PPP3CA for NFAT protein binding, hence preventing NFAT activation by PPP3CA (By similarity); Belongs to the Homer family. (358 aa) | ||||
| Cnih2 | Protein cornichon homolog 2; Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA- selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by regulating their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Blocks CACNG8-mediated resensitization of AMPA receptors. (160 aa) | ||||
| Shank1 | SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1; Seems to be an adapter protein in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses that interconnects receptors of the postsynaptic membrane including NMDA-type and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the structural and functional organization of the dendritic spine and synaptic junction. Overexpression promotes maturation of dendritic spines and the enlargement of spine heads via its ability to recruit Homer to postsynaptic sites, and enhances presynaptic function. (2167 aa) | ||||
| Adrb2 | Beta-2 adrenergic receptor; Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30- fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine. (418 aa) | ||||
| Crhbp | Corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein; Binds CRF and inactivates it. May prevent inappropriate pituitary-adrenal stimulation in pregnancy; Belongs to the CRF-binding protein family. (322 aa) | ||||
| Shisa7 | Shisa family member 7. (558 aa) | ||||
| Neto2 | Neuropilin and tolloid-like protein 2; Accessory subunit of neuronal kainate-sensitive glutamate receptors, GRIK2 and GRIK3. Increases kainate-receptor channel activity, slowing the decay kinetics of the receptors, without affecting their expression at the cell surface, and increasing the open probability of the receptor channels. Modulates the agonist sensitivity of kainate receptors. Slows the decay of kainate receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), thus directly influencing synaptic transmission. (525 aa) | ||||
| Neto1 | Similar to Neuropilin-and tolloid-like protein 1 (Predicted). (533 aa) | ||||
| Dlgap3 | Disks large-associated protein 3; May play a role in the molecular organization of synapses and neuronal cell signaling. Could be an adapter protein linking ion channel to the subsynaptic cytoskeleton. May induce enrichment of PSD- 95/SAP90 at the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SAPAP family. (966 aa) | ||||
| Crh | Corticoliberin; Hormone regulating the release of corticotropin from pituitary gland. Induces NLRP6 in intestinal epithelial cells, hence may influence gut microbiota profile (By similarity); Belongs to the sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor/urotensin I family. (187 aa) | ||||
| Cacng3 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit; Regulates the trafficking to the somatodendritic compartment and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state. (315 aa) | ||||
| Ifngr1 | Interferon gamma receptor 1. (464 aa) | ||||
| Ifng | Interferon gamma; Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons; Belongs to the type II (or gamma) interferon family. (156 aa) | ||||
| Ccl2 | C-C motif chemokine 2; Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 (By similarity). Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions (By similarity). Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils (By similarity). Plays an important role in mediating peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain (By similarity). Increases NMDA-mediated synaptic transmission in both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-containing neurons, which may be caused by MAPK/ERK-d [...] (148 aa) | ||||
| Cacng2 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit; Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA- selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state. (323 aa) | ||||
| Ppargc1a | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Greatly increases the transcriptional activity of PPARG and thyroid hormone receptor on the uncoupling protein promoter. Can regulate key mitochondrial genes that contribute to the program of adaptive thermogenesis. Plays an essential role in metabolic reprogramming in response to dietary availability through coordination of the expression of a wide array of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Induces the expression of PERM1 in [...] (796 aa) | ||||
| Nlgn3 | Neuroligin-3; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, and probably mediates its effects by recruiting and clustering other synaptic proteins. May promote the initial formation of synapses, but is not essential for this. May also play a role in glia-glia or glia-neuron interactions in the developing peripheral nervous system. Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. (848 aa) | ||||
| Rgs9 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 9; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Binds to GNAT1. Involved in phototransduction; key element in the recovery phase of visual transduction (By similarity). (677 aa) | ||||
| Nptx1 | Neuronal pentraxin-1; May be involved in mediating uptake of synaptic material during synapse remodeling or in mediating the synaptic clustering of AMPA glutamate receptors at a subset of excitatory synapses. (392 aa) | ||||
| Nptxr | Neuronal pentraxin receptor; May be involved in mediating uptake of synaptic material during synapse remodeling or in mediating the synaptic clustering of AMPA glutamate receptors at a subset of excitatory synapses. (494 aa) | ||||
| Cacng8 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit; Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit (By similarity). Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization and by mediating their resensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium ch [...] (421 aa) | ||||
| Nlgn1 | Neuroligin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, and probably mediates its effects by recruiting and clustering other synaptic proteins. May promote the initial formation of synapses, but is not essential for this. In vitro, triggers the de novo formation of presynaptic structures. May be involved in specification of excitatory synapses. Required to maintain wakefulness quality and normal synchrony of cerebral cortex activity during wakefulness and [...] (843 aa) | ||||