STRINGSTRING
Phb Phb Gna12 Gna12 Stac3 Stac3 Cnksr2 Cnksr2 St14 St14 Ctnna1 Ctnna1 Ctnna2 Ctnna2 Gna11 Gna11 Gna15 Gna15 Kcnip1 Kcnip1 Gnat3 Gnat3 Syap1 Syap1 Esyt2 Esyt2 Rgs1 Rgs1 Epn3 Epn3 Cyth1 Cyth1 Crkl Crkl Gnb2 Gnb2 Gnaz Gnaz Nptx2 Nptx2 Cyth3 Cyth3 Rac1 Rac1 Cabp1 Cabp1 Cdh11 Cdh11 Cdh6 Cdh6 Iqgap1 Iqgap1 Cdh5 Cdh5 Arsa Arsa Scube1 Scube1 Esyt3 Esyt3 Fes Fes S100a6 S100a6 Farp1 Farp1 Usp8 Usp8 Gngt1 Gngt1 Olfm1 Olfm1 Cdh10 Cdh10 Stoml2 Stoml2 Tf Tf Kras Kras Fcnb Fcnb Hck Hck Cnr2 Cnr2 Gnb5 Gnb5 Tenm2 Tenm2 Stac Stac Cdk16 Cdk16 Tiam1 Tiam1 Rs1 Rs1 Dtna Dtna Sytl2 Sytl2 Scrib Scrib Gnb1 Gnb1 Aak1 Aak1 Tdgf1 Tdgf1 Numb Numb ENSRNOP00000048585 ENSRNOP00000048585 Anxa2 Anxa2 S100a10 S100a10 Cdh15 Cdh15 Dgki Dgki Gnas Gnas Gramd2a Gramd2a Hip1 Hip1 Snap91 Snap91 Gng13 Gng13 Gramd1a Gramd1a Cyth2 Cyth2 Plekha4 Plekha4 Olfm2 Olfm2 Cdh1 Cdh1 Cdh3 Cdh3 Prss8 Prss8 Gnao1 Gnao1 Gnat2 Gnat2 Alox15 Alox15 Sytl3 Sytl3 Atp2a2 Atp2a2 Gnat1 Gnat1 Anxa1 Anxa1 Plg Plg Fcna Fcna H2bc1 H2bc1 Gnai2 Gnai2 Fer Fer Epn1 Epn1 Cdh2 Cdh2 Serpine2 Serpine2 Kpna2 Kpna2 Gng10 Gng10 Nlrp10 Nlrp10 Cdh20 Cdh20 Gnaq Gnaq Cyld Cyld Stxbp5 Stxbp5 Cdh7 Cdh7 Gna13 Gna13 Numa1 Numa1 Ryr2 Ryr2 Tgm3 Tgm3 Magi2 Magi2 Mfge8 Mfge8 Snx18 Snx18 Rnf10 Rnf10 Rtbdn Rtbdn Gphn Gphn Snx9 Snx9 Snx5 Snx5 Rhoa Rhoa Racgap1 Racgap1 Cdh13 Cdh13 Myzap Myzap Ctnnb1 Ctnnb1 Stac2 Stac2 Gnb3 Gnb3 Gnas-2 Gnas-2 Fermt2 Fermt2 Ctnnd1 Ctnnd1 Ctnna2-2 Ctnna2-2 Jup Jup Wnt2 Wnt2 Fmr1 Fmr1 Apc2 Apc2 Eea1 Eea1 Apoe Apoe Src Src Mycbpap Mycbpap Cdh8 Cdh8 Kcnab1 Kcnab1 Sytl1 Sytl1 Errfi1 Errfi1 Eno1 Eno1 Gnal Gnal Akap9 Akap9 Dnaja3 Dnaja3 Ryr1 Ryr1 Kcnab2 Kcnab2 Rgs8 Rgs8 Gnai1 Gnai1 Cdh4 Cdh4 Apc Apc Gnb4 Gnb4 Osbpl2 Osbpl2 Cav2 Cav2 Picalm Picalm
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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PhbProhibitin; Prohibitin inhibits DNA synthesis. It has a role in regulating proliferation. As yet it is unclear if the protein or the mRNA exhibits this effect. May play a role in regulating mitochondrial respiration activity and in aging. (272 aa)
Gna12Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF12/LARG) (By similarity). GNA12- dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP- 1 (activating protein-1). GNA12-dependent Rho signaling also regulates protein phosphatese 2A activation causing dephosphorylation of its target proteins (By similarity). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activat [...] (379 aa)
Stac3SH3 and cysteine rich domain 3 (Predicted). (361 aa)
Cnksr2Connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of ras 2; May function as an adapter protein or regulator of Ras signaling pathways, in synaptic junctions. (1032 aa)
St14Suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein homolog; Degrades extracellular matrix. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (855 aa)
Ctnna1Catenin (Cadherin-associated protein), alpha 1, isoform CRA_b. (908 aa)
Ctnna2Catenin alpha 2. (476 aa)
Gna11Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. (359 aa)
Gna15Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-15; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems; Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(q) subfamily. (374 aa)
Kcnip1Kv channel-interacting protein 1; Regulatory subunit of Kv4/D (Shal)-type voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. Regulates channel density, inactivation kinetics and rate of recovery from inactivation in a calcium-dependent and isoform-specific manner. Modulates KCND2/Kv4.2 currents. In vitro, modulates KCND1/Kv4.1 currents (By similarity). Increases the presence of KCND2 at the cell surface. (236 aa)
Gnat3Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit playing a prominent role in bitter and sweet taste transduction as well as in umami (monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, and inosine monophosphate) taste transduction. Transduction by this alpha subunit involves coupling of specific cell-surface receptors with a cGMP- phosphodiesterase; Activation of phosphodiesterase lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP which may open a cyclic nucleotide-suppressible cation channel leading to influx of calcium, ultim [...] (354 aa)
Syap1Synapse associated protein 1, isoform CRA_a. (360 aa)
Esyt2Extended synaptotagmin 2. (845 aa)
Rgs1Regulator of G-protein signaling 1; Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades, including signaling downstream of the N-formylpeptide chemoattractant receptors and leukotriene receptors. Inhibits B cell chemotaxis toward CXCL12 (By similarity). Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form (By similarity). (209 aa)
Epn3Epsin-3; Belongs to the epsin family. (608 aa)
Cyth1Cytohesin-1; Promotes guanine-nucleotide exchange on ARF1, ARF5 and ARF6. Promotes the activation of ARF factors through replacement of GDP with GTP. Plays an important role in membrane trafficking, during junctional remodeling and epithelial polarization, through regulation of ARF6 activity. (397 aa)
CrklCrk-like protein; May mediate the transduction of intracellular signals. Belongs to the CRK family. (303 aa)
Gnb2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa)
GnazGuanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. (355 aa)
Nptx2Neuronal pentraxin-2; Likely to play role in the modification of cellular properties that underlie long-term plasticity. Binds to agar matrix in a calcium-dependent manner. (432 aa)
Cyth3Cytohesin-3; Promotes guanine-nucleotide exchange on ARF1. Promotes the activation of ARF factors through replacement of GDP with GTP (By similarity). (388 aa)
Rac1Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity [...] (192 aa)
Cabp1Calcium-binding protein 1; Modulates calcium-dependent activity of inositol 1,4,5- triphosphate receptors (ITPRs). Inhibits agonist-induced intracellular calcium signaling (By similarity). Enhances inactivation and does not support calcium-dependent facilitation of voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channels. Causes calcium-dependent facilitation and inhibits inactivation of L-type calcium channels by binding to the same sites as calmodulin in the C-terminal domain of CACNA1C, but has an opposite effect on channel function. Suppresses the calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1D. Inhi [...] (314 aa)
Cdh11Cadherin 11; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. (796 aa)
Cdh6Cadherin-6; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (791 aa)
Iqgap1IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (Predicted), isoform CRA_b. (1657 aa)
Cdh5Cadherin 5; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. (776 aa)
ArsaArylsulfatase A, isoform CRA_a. (507 aa)
Scube1Signal peptide, CUB domain and EGF-like domain-containing 1. (1018 aa)
Esyt3Extended synaptotagmin 3. (890 aa)
FesTyrosine-protein kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Fes/fps subfamily. (822 aa)
S100a6Protein S100-A6; May function as calcium sensor and modulator, contributing to cellular calcium signaling. May function by interacting with other proteins, such as TPR-containing proteins, and indirectly play a role in many physiological processes such as the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and in cell motility. Binds 2 calcium ions. Calcium binding is cooperative (By similarity); Belongs to the S-100 family. (89 aa)
Farp1FERM, ARHGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 1; May play a role in semaphorin signaling (By similarity). Functions as guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAC1. Plays a role in the assembly and disassembly of dendritic filopodia, the formation of dendritic spines, regulation of dendrite length and ultimately the formation of synapses. (1049 aa)
Usp8Ubiquitin specific protease 8 (Predicted); Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. (1081 aa)
Gngt1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (74 aa)
Olfm1Noelin; Contributes to the regulation of axonal growth in the embryonic and adult central nervous system by inhibiting interactions between RTN4R and LINGO1. Inhibits RTN4R-mediated axon growth cone collapse (By similarity). May play an important role in regulating the production of neural crest cells by the neural tube (By similarity). May be required for normal responses to olfactory stimuli (By similarity). (485 aa)
Cdh10Cadherin 10; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. (788 aa)
Stoml2Stomatin-like protein 2, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial protein that probably regulates the biogenesis and the activity of mitochondria. Stimulates cardiolipin biosynthesis, binds cardiolipin-enriched membranes where it recruits and stabilizes some proteins including prohibitin and may therefore act in the organization of functional microdomains in mitochondrial membranes. Through regulation of the mitochondrial function may play a role into several biological processes including cell migration, cell proliferation, T-cell activation, calcium homeostasis and cellular response to stress. M [...] (353 aa)
TfSerotransferrin; Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from sites of absorption and heme degradation to those of storage and utilization. Serum transferrin may also have a further role in stimulating cell proliferation. (979 aa)
KrasGTPase KRas, N-terminally processed; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304- dependent manner (By similarity). (189 aa)
FcnbFicolin-2; May function in innate immunity through activation of the lectin complement pathway. Calcium-dependent and GlcNAc-binding lectin (By similarity); Belongs to the ficolin lectin family. (319 aa)
HckTyrosine-protein kinase HCK; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase found in hematopoietic cells that transmits signals from cell surface receptors and plays an important role in the regulation of innate immune responses, including neutrophil, monocyte, macrophage and mast cell functions, phagocytosis, cell survival and proliferation, cell adhesion and migration. Acts downstream of receptors that bind the Fc region of immunoglobulins, such as FCGR1A and FCGR2A, but also CSF3R, PLAUR, the receptors for IFNG, IL2, IL6 and IL8, and integrins, such as ITGB1 and ITGB2. During the phagocytic p [...] (503 aa)
Cnr2Cannabinoid receptor 2; Heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptor for endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol mediating inhibition of adenylate cyclase. May function in inflammatory response, nociceptive transmission and bone homeostasis (By similarity). (410 aa)
Gnb5Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5; Enhances GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, hence involved in the termination of the signaling initiated by the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) by accelerating the GTP hydrolysis on the G-alpha subunits, thereby promoting their inactivation (Probable). Increases RGS9 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity, hence contributes to the deactivation of G protein signaling initiated by D(2) dopamine receptors (By similarity). May play an important role in neuronal signaling, incl [...] (352 aa)
Tenm2Ten-2 intracellular domain; Involved in neural development, regulating the establishment of proper connectivity within the nervous system. Promotes the formation of filopodia and enlarged growth cone in neuronal cells. Mediates axon guidance and homophilic and heterophilic cell-cell adhesion. May function as a cellular signal transducer (By similarity). Acts as a ligand of the ADGRL1 receptor; Belongs to the tenascin family. Teneurin subfamily. (2603 aa)
StacSH3 and cysteine-rich domain. (367 aa)
Cdk16Cyclin-dependent kinase 16; Protein kinase that plays a role in vesicle-mediated transport processes and exocytosis. Can phosphorylate CCNY at 'Ser-336' (in vitro) Plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to changes in blood glucose levels. Regulates GH1 release by brain neurons. Required for normal spermatogenesis. Regulates neuron differentiation and dendrite development (By similarity). Phosphorylates NSF, and thereby regulates NSF oligomerization. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily. (496 aa)
Tiam1TIAM Rac1-associated GEF 1. (1590 aa)
Rs1RCG36316, isoform CRA_a. (224 aa)
DtnaDystrobrevin. (626 aa)
Sytl2Synaptotagmin-like 2. (376 aa)
ScribSimilar to PDZ-domain protein scribble (Predicted), isoform CRA_b. (1663 aa)
Gnb1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa)
Aak1AP2-associated protein kinase 1; Regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis by phosphorylating the AP2M1/mu2 subunit of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2) which ensures high affinity binding of AP-2 to cargo membrane proteins during the initial stages of endocytosis. Regulates phosphorylation of other AP-2 subunits as well as AP-2 localization and AP-2-mediated internalization of ligand complexes. Phosphorylates NUMB and regulates its cellular localization, promoting NUMB localization to endosomes. Binds to and stabilizes the activated form of NOTCH1, increases its localization in endos [...] (963 aa)
Tdgf1Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1. (167 aa)
NumbProtein numb homolog; Plays a role in the process of neurogenesis. Required throughout embryonic neurogenesis to maintain neural progenitor cells, also called radial glial cells (RGCs), by allowing their daughter cells to choose progenitor over neuronal cell fate. Not required for the proliferation of neural progenitor cells before the onset of neurogenesis. Also involved postnatally in the subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis by regulating SVZ neuroblasts survival and ependymal wall integrity. May also mediate local repair of brain ventricular wall damage (By similarity). (653 aa)
ENSRNOP00000048585Synaptotagmin-like 2. (376 aa)
Anxa2Annexin A2; Calcium-regulated membrane-binding protein whose affinity for calcium is greatly enhanced by anionic phospholipids. It binds two calcium ions with high affinity. May be involved in heat-stress response. Inhibits PCSK9-enhanced LDLR degradation, probably reduces PCSK9 protein levels via a translational mechanism but also competes with LDLR for binding with PCSK9. (339 aa)
S100a10Protein S100-A10; Because S100A10 induces the dimerization of ANXA2/p36, it may function as a regulator of protein phosphorylation in that the ANXA2 monomer is the preferred target (in vitro) of tyrosine-specific kinase. (95 aa)
Cdh15Cadherin 15; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. (784 aa)
DgkiDiacylglycerol kinase. (1050 aa)
GnasNeuroendocrine secretory protein 55; Belongs to the NESP55 family. (256 aa)
Gramd2aSimilar to HCV NS3-transactivated protein 2 (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (301 aa)
Hip1Huntingtin interacting protein 1, isoform CRA_a. (1030 aa)
Snap91Clathrin coat assembly protein AP180; Adaptins are components of the adapter complexes which link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. Clathrin-associated protein complexes are believed to interact with the cytoplasmic tails of membrane proteins, leading to their selection and concentration. Binding of AP180 to clathrin triskelia induces their assembly into 60- 70 nm coats; Belongs to the PICALM/SNAP91 family. (918 aa)
Gng13G protein subunit gamma 13. (67 aa)
Gramd1aProtein Aster-A; Cholesterol transporter that mediates non-vesicular transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane (PM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (By similarity). Contains unique domains for binding cholesterol and the PM, thereby serving as a molecular bridge for the transfer of cholesterol from the PM to the ER (By similarity). Plays a crucial role in cholesterol homeostasis and has the unique ability to localize to the PM based on the level of membrane cholesterol (By similarity). In lipid-poor conditions localizes to the ER membrane and in response to excess cholesterol [...] (807 aa)
Cyth2Cytohesin-2; Acts as a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). Promotes guanine-nucleotide exchange on ARF1, ARF3 and ARF6. Promotes the activation of ARF factors through replacement of GDP with GTP. The cell membrane form, in association with ARL4 proteins, recruits ARF6 to the plasma membrane (By similarity). Involved in neurite growth (By similarity). (400 aa)
Plekha4Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 4; Binds specifically to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P), but not to other phosphoinositides. (779 aa)
Olfm2Noelin-2; Involved in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)- induced smooth muscle differentiation. TGF-beta induces expression and nuclear translocation of OLFM2 where it binds to SRF, causing its dissociation from the transcriptional repressor HEY2/HERP1 and facilitating binding of SRF to target genes. Plays a role in AMPAR complex organization. Is a regulator of vascular smooth-muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching, that acts by promoting RUNX2 and inhibiting MYOCD binding to SRF. SMC phenotypic switching is the process through which vascular SMCs undergo transition between a [...] (478 aa)
Cdh1Cadherin-1; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7. (886 aa)
Cdh3Cadherin 3, type 1, P-cadherin (Placental); Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. (822 aa)
Prss8Prostasin heavy chain; Possesses a trypsin-like cleavage specificity with a preference for poly-basic substrates. Stimulates epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity through activating cleavage of the gamma subunits (SCNN1G) (By similarity); Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (342 aa)
Gnao1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(o) protein function is not clear. Stimulated by RGS14 (By similarity); Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(i/o/t/z) subfamily. (354 aa)
Gnat2Guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha transducing 2 (Predicted), isoform CRA_b. (354 aa)
Alox15Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase; Non-heme iron-containing dioxygenase that catalyzes the stereo-specific peroxidation of free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids generating a spectrum of bioactive lipid mediators. Converts arachidonic acid into 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/12- HPETE and 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/15-HPETE. Also converts linoleic acid to 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid. May also act on (12S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/(12S)-HPETE to produce hepoxilin A3. Probably plays an important role in the immune and inflammatory responses. Through the o [...] (663 aa)
Sytl3Synaptotagmin-like 3. (608 aa)
Atp2a2Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2; This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen. Isoform SERCA2A is involved in the regulation of the contraction/relaxation cycle. Acts as a regulator of TNFSF11-mediated Ca(2+) signaling pathways via its interaction with TMEM64 which is critical for the TNFSF11-induced CREB1 activation and mitochondrial ROS generation necessary for proper osteoclast generation. Association between TMEM64 and SERCA2 in the ER leads to cytos [...] (1043 aa)
Gnat1G protein subunit alpha transducin 1. (350 aa)
Anxa1Annexin A1; Plays important roles in the innate immune response as effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses and regulator of the inflammatory process. Has anti-inflammatory activity. Plays a role in glucocorticoid-mediated down-regulation of the early phase of the inflammatory response. Promotes resolution of inflammation and wound healing (By similarity). Functions at least in part by activating the formyl peptide receptors and downstream signaling cascades. Promotes chemotaxis of granulocytes and monocytes via activation ofthe formyl peptide receptors (By similarity). Contribute [...] (346 aa)
PlgPlasmin heavy chain A, short form; Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In ovulation, weakens the walls of the Graafian follicle. It activates the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, collagenases and several complement zymogens, such as C1 and C5. Cleavage of fibronectin and laminin leads to cell detachment and apoptosis. Also cleaves fibrin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor. Its role in tissue remodeling and tumor invas [...] (812 aa)
FcnaFicolin-1; Extracellular lectin functioning as a pattern-recognition receptor in innate immunity. Binds the sugar moieties of pathogen- associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) displayed on microbes and activates the lectin pathway of the complement system. May also activate monocytes through a G protein-coupled receptor, FFAR2, inducing the secretion of interleukin-8/IL-8. Binds preferentially to 9-O-acetylated 2-6-linked sialic acid derivatives and to various glycans containing sialic acid engaged in a 2-3 linkage (By similarity). (335 aa)
H2bc1Histone H2B type 1-A; Variant histone specifically required to direct the transformation of dissociating nucleosomes to protamine in male germ cells. Entirely replaces classical histone H2B prior nucleosome to protamine transition and probably acts as a nucleosome dissociating factor that creates a more dynamic chromatin, facilitating the large- scale exchange of histones. Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcrip [...] (127 aa)
Gnai2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta- adrenergic stimuli. May play a role in cell division. (355 aa)
FerTyrosine-protein kinase Fer; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts downstream of cell surface receptors for growth factors and plays a role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, microtubule assembly, lamellipodia formation, cell adhesion, cell migration and chemotaxis. Acts downstream of EGFR, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Acts downstream of EGFR to promote activation of NF- kappa-B and cell proliferation. May play a role in the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle. Plays a role in the insulin receptor signaling pathway and in activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Acts downstream o [...] (822 aa)
Epn1Epsin-1; Binds to membranes enriched in phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). Modifies membrane curvature and facilitates the formation of clathrin-coated invaginations. Regulates receptor-mediated endocytosis; Belongs to the epsin family. (576 aa)
Cdh2Cadherin-2; Calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein; preferentially mediates homotypic cell-cell adhesion by dimerization with a CDH2 chain from another cell. Cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Acts as a regulator of neural stem cells quiescence by mediating anchorage of neural stem cells to ependymocytes in the adult subependymal zone: upon cleavage by MMP24, CDH2-mediated anchorage is affected, leading to modulate neural stem cell quiescence. CDH2 may be involved in neuronal recognition mechanism. In hippocampal neurons, may regulate dendritic s [...] (906 aa)
Serpine2Glia-derived nexin; Serine protease inhibitor with activity toward thrombin, trypsin, and urokinase. Promotes neurite extension by inhibiting thrombin. Binds heparin; Belongs to the serpin family. (397 aa)
Kpna2Importin subunit alpha; Functions in nuclear protein import. (529 aa)
Gng10Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (68 aa)
Nlrp10NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 10. (669 aa)
Cdh20Cadherin-20; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types (By similarity). (801 aa)
GnaqGuanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. (359 aa)
CyldUbiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase CYLD; Deubiquitinase that specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'- and linear 'Met-1'-linked polyubiquitin chains and is involved in NF-kappa-B activation and TNF-alpha-induced necroptosis. Plays an important role in the regulation of pathways leading to NF-kappa-B activation. Contributes to the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and differentiation via its effects on NF-kappa-B activation. Negative regulator of Wnt signaling. Inhibits HDAC6 and thereby promotes acetylation of alpha-tubulin and stabilization of microtubules. Plays a role in the regul [...] (950 aa)
Stxbp5Syntaxin-binding protein 5; Inhibits translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane (By similarity). Plays a regulatory role in calcium-dependent exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Inhibits membrane fusion between transport vesicles and the plasma membrane. May modulate the assembly of trans-SNARE complexes between transport vesicles and the plasma membrane. Competes with STXBP1 for STX1 binding; Belongs to the WD repeat L(2)GL family. (1152 aa)
Cdh7Cadherin-7; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types (By similarity). (785 aa)
Gna13Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF1/p115RhoGEF, ARHGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF and ARHGEF12/LARG) (By similarity). GNA13-dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP-1 (activating protein-1) (By similarity). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activating RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway (By similarity). Inhibits CDH1- mediated cell adhesion [...] (377 aa)
Numa1Nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1. (2091 aa)
Ryr2Ryanodine receptor 2; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering cardiac muscle contraction. Aberrant channel activation can lead to cardiac arrhythmia. In cardiac myocytes, calcium release is triggered by increased Ca(2+) levels due to activation of the L-type calcium channel CACNA1C. The calcium channel activity is modulated by formation of heterotetramers with RYR3. Required for cellular calcium ion homeostasis. Required for embryonic heart development (By similarity); Belongs to t [...] (4938 aa)
Tgm3Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E 27 kDa non-catalytic chain; Catalyzes the calcium-dependent formation of isopeptide cross-links between glutamine and lysine residues in various proteins, as well as the conjugation of polyamines to proteins. Involved in the formation of the cornified envelope (CE), a specialized component consisting of covalent cross-links of proteins beneath the plasma membrane of terminally differentiated keratinocytes. Catalyzes small proline-rich proteins and LOR cross-linking to form small interchain oligomers, which are further cross-linked by TGM1 o [...] (693 aa)
Magi2Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2; Seems to act as scaffold molecule at synaptic junctions by assembling neurotransmitter receptors and cell adhesion proteins. May play a role in regulating activin-mediated signaling in neuronal cells. Enhances the ability of PTEN to suppress AKT1 activation (By similarity). Plays a role in nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced recruitment of RAPGEF2 to late endosomes and neurite outgrowth. (1138 aa)
Mfge8Lactadherin; Contributes to phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells in many tissues. Plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the promotion of mucosal healing. Promotes VEGF-dependent neovascularization (By similarity). Specific ligand for the alpha-v/beta-3 and alpha-v/beta-5 receptors. Also binds to phosphatidylserine-enriched cell surfaces in a receptor-independent manner. Zona pellucida-binding protein which may play a role in gamete interaction. Appears to participate in the O-acetylation of GD3 ganglioside sialic acid. (483 aa)
Snx18Sorting nexin. (615 aa)
Rnf10RING finger protein 10; Transcriptional factor involved in the regulation of MAG (Myelin-associated glycoprotein) expression. Acts as a regulator of Schwann cell differentiation and myelination. (803 aa)
RtbdnRetbindin (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (241 aa)
GphnMolybdopterin molybdenumtransferase; Microtubule-associated protein involved in membrane protein- cytoskeleton interactions. It is thought to anchor the inhibitory glycine receptor (GLYR) to subsynaptic microtubules. Catalyzes two steps in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. In the first step, molybdopterin is adenylated. Subsequently, molybdate is inserted into adenylated molybdopterin and AMP is released ; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the MoaB/Mog family. (666 aa)
Snx9Sorting nexin. (593 aa)
Snx5Sorting nexin-5; Involved in several stages of intracellular trafficking. Interacts with membranes containing phosphatidylinositol lipids. Acts in part as component of the retromer membrane-deforming SNX-BAR subcomplex. The SNX-BAR retromer mediates retrograde transport of cargo proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and is involved in endosome-to-plasma membrane transport for cargo protein recycling. The SNX-BAR subcomplex functions to deform the donor membrane into a tubular profile called endosome-to-TGN transport carrier (ETC). Does not have in vitro vesicle-to-me [...] (404 aa)
RhoaTransforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essent [...] (193 aa)
Racgap1Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 (Predicted). (626 aa)
Cdh13Cadherin 13. (714 aa)
MyzapMyocardial zonula adherens protein; Plays a role in cellular signaling via Rho-related GTP- binding proteins and activation of transcription factor SRF. Targets TJP1 to cell junctions (By similarity). In cortical neurons, may play a role in glutaminergic signal transduction through interaction with the NMDA receptor subunit GRIN1; Belongs to the MYZAP family. (761 aa)
Ctnnb1Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa)
Stac2SH3 and cysteine rich domain 2 (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (408 aa)
Gnb3Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa)
Gnas-2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers in numerous signaling pathways controlled by G protein- coupled receptors (GPCRs). Signaling involves the activation of adenylyl cyclases, resulting in increased levels of the signaling molecule cAMP. GNAS functions downstream of several GPCRs, including beta-adrenergic receptors. XLas isoforms interact with the same set of receptors as Gnas isoforms. (898 aa)
Fermt2Fermitin family member 2. (695 aa)
Ctnnd1Catenin (Cadherin associated protein), delta 1 (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (932 aa)
Ctnna2-2Uncharacterized protein. (257 aa)
JupJunction plakoglobin; Common junctional plaque protein. The membrane-associated plaques are architectural elements in an important strategic position to influence the arrangement and function of both the cytoskeleton and the cells within the tissue. The presence of plakoglobin in both the desmosomes and in the intermediate junctions suggests that it plays a central role in the structure and function of submembranous plaques. Acts as a substrate for VE-PTP and is required by it to stimulate VE- cadherin function in endothelial cells. Can replace beta-catenin in E- cadherin/catenin adhes [...] (745 aa)
Wnt2Protein Wnt; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors; Belongs to the Wnt family. (360 aa)
Fmr1Synaptic functional regulator FMR1; Multifunctional polyribosome-associated RNA-binding protein that plays a central role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity through the regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, mRNA stability, mRNA dendritic transport and postsynaptic local protein synthesis of a subset of mRNAs. Plays a role in the alternative splicing of its own mRNA (By similarity). Plays a role in mRNA nuclear export (By similarity). Together with export factor NXF2, is involved in the regulation of the NXF1 mRNA stability in neurons (By similarity). Stabilizes the scaf [...] (614 aa)
Apc2APC regulator of WNT-signaling pathway 2. (2308 aa)
Eea1Early endosome antigen 1. (1449 aa)
ApoeApolipoprotein E; APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their production, conversion and clearance. Apoliproteins are amphipathic molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density [...] (359 aa)
SrcProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. Due to functional redundancy bet [...] (542 aa)
MycbpapMYCBP-associated protein; May play a role in spermatogenesis (By similarity). May be involved in synaptic processes. (964 aa)
Cdh8Cadherin-8; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (716 aa)
Kcnab1Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta-1; Cytoplasmic potassium channel subunit that modulates the characteristics of the channel-forming alpha-subunits. Modulates action potentials via its effect on the pore-forming alpha subunits (Probable). Promotes expression of the pore-forming alpha subunits at the cell membrane, and thereby increases channel activity (By similarity). Mediates closure of delayed rectifier potassium channels by physically obstructing the pore via its N-terminal domain and increases the speed of channel closure for other family members. Promotes the closure o [...] (401 aa)
Sytl1Synaptotagmin-like 1. (562 aa)
Errfi1ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1; Negative regulator of EGFR signaling in skin morphogenesis. Acts as a negative regulator for several EGFR family members, including ERBB2, ERBB3 and ERBB4. Inhibits EGFR catalytic activity by interfering with its dimerization. Inhibits autophosphorylation of EGFR, ERBB2 and ERBB4. Important for normal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Plays a role in modulating the response to steroid hormones in the uterus. Required for normal response to progesterone in the uterus and for fertility. Mediates epithelial estrogen responses in the uterus [...] (459 aa)
Eno1Alpha-enolase; Glycolytic enzyme the catalyzes the conversion of 2- phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. In addition to glycolysis, involved in various processes such as growth control, hypoxia tolerance and allergic responses. May also function in the intravascular and pericellular fibrinolytic system due to its ability to serve as a receptor and activator of plasminogen on the cell surface of several cell-types such as leukocytes and neurons. Stimulates immunoglobulin production. (434 aa)
GnalGuanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. G(olf) alpha mediates signal transduction within the olfactory neuroepithelium and the basal ganglia. May be involved in some aspect of visual transduction, and in mediating the effect of one or more hormones/neurotransmitters; Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(s) subfamily. (447 aa)
Akap9A-kinase-anchoring protein 9. (3847 aa)
Dnaja3DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member A3. (480 aa)
Ryr1Ryanodine receptor 1; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering muscle contraction following depolarization of T-tubules. Repeated very high-level exercise increases the open probability of the channel and leads to Ca(2+) leaking into the cytoplasm (By similarity). Can also mediate the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in neurons, and may thereby promote prolonged Ca(2+) signaling in the brain. Required for normal embryonic development of muscle fibers and skeletal muscle. [...] (5012 aa)
Kcnab2Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta-2; Cytoplasmic potassium channel subunit that modulates the characteristics of the channel-forming alpha-subunits. Contributes to the regulation of nerve signaling, and prevents neuronal hyperexcitability (By similarity). Promotes expression of the pore-forming alpha subunits at the cell membrane, and thereby increases channel activity. Promotes potassium channel closure via a mechanism that does not involve physical obstruction of the channel pore. Modulates the functional properties of KCNA4. Modulates the functional properties of KCNA5 (B [...] (383 aa)
Rgs8Regulator of G-protein signaling 8; Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades, including signaling via muscarinic acetylcholine receptor CHRM2 and dopamine receptor DRD2. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Modulates the activity of potassium channels that are activated in response to DRD2 and CHRM2 signaling. (232 aa)
Gnai1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signaling cascades. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Signaling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding. The alpha subunit has a low GTPase activity that converts bound GTP to GDP, thereby terminating the signal. Both GDP release and GTP hydrolysis are modulated by numer [...] (354 aa)
Cdh4Cadherin-4; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. May play an important role in retinal development. (861 aa)
ApcAdenomatous polyposis coli protein; Tumor suppressor. Promotes rapid degradation of CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling as a negative regulator. APC activity is correlated with its phosphorylation state. Activates the GEF activity of SPATA13 and ARHGEF4. Plays a role in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)- induced cell migration. Required for MMP9 up-regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. Acts as a mediator of ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It is required for the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane and this localiza [...] (2860 aa)
Gnb4Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (335 aa)
Osbpl2Oxysterol-binding protein; Belongs to the OSBP family. (483 aa)
Cav2Caveolin-2; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity. Acts as an accessory protein in conjunction with CAV1 in targeting to lipid rafts and driving caveolae formation. The Ser-36 phosphorylated form has a role in modulating mitosis in endothelial cells. Positive regulator of cellular mitogenesis of the MAPK signaling pathway. Required for the insulin-stimulated nuclear translocation and activation of MAPK1 and STAT3, and the subsequent regulation of cell cycle progression. (162 aa)
PicalmPhosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein; Cytoplasmic adapter protein that plays a critical role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis which is important in processes such as internalization of cell receptors, synaptic transmission or removal of apoptotic cells. Recruits AP-2 and attaches clathrin triskelions to the cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane leading to clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) assembly. Furthermore, regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation by directly sensing and driving membrane curvature. In addition to binding to clathrin, mediates the endocyto [...] (647 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Rattus norvegicus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10116
Other names: Buffalo rat, Norway rat, R. norvegicus, Rattus PC12 clone IS, Rattus sp. strain Wistar, Sprague-Dawley rat, Wistar rats, brown rat, laboratory rat, rat, rats, zitter rats
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