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Lhx2 Lhx2 Tle4 Tle4 LOC100911492 LOC100911492 Gad1 Gad1 Fgfr3 Fgfr3 Wnt2 Wnt2 Pax6 Pax6 Rspo2 Rspo2 Foxp2 Foxp2 Dlx6 Dlx6 Foxg1 Foxg1 Homer1 Homer1 Bdnf Bdnf Dkk1 Dkk1 Otx2 Otx2 Wnt3a Wnt3a Pik3c3 Pik3c3 Tbr1 Tbr1 Fgfr2 Fgfr2 Reln Reln Cux1 Cux1 Fgfr1 Fgfr1 Akt1 Akt1 Nog Nog Ins2 Ins2 Nes Nes Gad2 Gad2 Syt4 Syt4 Fgf8 Fgf8 Fgf2 Fgf2 Ttr Ttr Bambi Bambi Wnt8b Wnt8b Hes5 Hes5 Nefl Nefl Ins1 Ins1 Neurog1 Neurog1 LOC100912050 LOC100912050 Neurog2 Neurog2 Hes3 Hes3 Syn1 Syn1 Eomes Eomes Bmp4 Bmp4 Sfrp2 Sfrp2 Fezf2 Fezf2 Nkx2-1 Nkx2-1 Lhx8 Lhx8 Lhx6 Lhx6 Shh Shh Snap25 Snap25 Lmx1a Lmx1a Egfr Egfr Ascl1 Ascl1 Pdgfra Pdgfra Dlx2 Dlx2
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Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
Lhx2LIM/homeobox protein Lhx2; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Stimulates the promoter of the alpha-glycoprotein gene. Transcriptional regulatory protein involved in the control of cell differentiation in developing lymphoid and neural cell types (By similarity). (427 aa)
Tle4Transducin-like enhancer protein 4; Transcriptional corepressor that binds to a number of transcription factors. Inhibits the transcriptional activation mediated by PAX5, and by CTNNB1 and TCF family members in Wnt signaling. The effects of full-length TLE family members may be modulated by association with dominant-negative AES. Essential for the transcriptional repressor activity of SIX3 during retina and lens development and for SIX3 transcriptional auto-repression (By similarity); Belongs to the WD repeat Groucho/TLE family. (763 aa)
LOC100911492Orthodenticle homeobox 2. (289 aa)
Gad1Glutamate decarboxylase 1; Catalyzes the production of GABA; Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. (593 aa)
Fgfr3Fibroblast growth factor receptor. (802 aa)
Wnt2Protein Wnt; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors; Belongs to the Wnt family. (360 aa)
Pax6Paired box protein Pax-6; Transcription factor with important functions in the development of the eye, nose, central nervous system and pancreas. Required for the differentiation of pancreatic islet alpha cells. Competes with PAX4 in binding to a common element in the glucagon, insulin and somatostatin promoters (By similarity). Regulates specification of the ventral neuron subtypes by establishing the correct progenitor domains; Belongs to the paired homeobox family. (433 aa)
Rspo2R-spondin2 protein. (250 aa)
Foxp2Forkhead box protein P2; Transcriptional repressor that may play a role in the specification and differentiation of lung epithelium. May also play a role in developing neural, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular tissues. Can act with CTBP1 to synergistically repress transcription but CTPBP1 is not essential (By similarity). Plays a role in synapse formation by regulating SRPX2 levels. (710 aa)
Dlx6Similar to Homeobox protein DLX-6 (Predicted). (175 aa)
Foxg1Forkhead box protein G1; Transcription repression factor which plays an important role in the establishment of the regional subdivision of the developing brain and in the development of the telencephalon. (480 aa)
Homer1Homer protein homolog 1; Postsynaptic density scaffolding protein. Binds and cross- links cytoplasmic regions of GRM1, GRM5, ITPR1, DNM3, RYR1, RYR2, SHANK1 and SHANK3. By physically linking GRM1 and GRM5 with ER- associated ITPR1 receptors, it aids the coupling of surface receptors to intracellular calcium release. May also couple GRM1 to PI3 kinase through its interaction with AGAP2. Differentially regulates the functions of the calcium activated channel ryanodine receptors RYR1 and RYR2. Isoform 1 decreases the activity of RYR2, and increases the activity of RYR1, whereas isoform 3 [...] (366 aa)
BdnfBrain-derived neurotrophic factor; Important signaling molecule that activates signaling cascades downstream of NTRK2 (By similarity). During development, promotes the survival and differentiation of selected neuronal populations of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Participates in axonal growth, pathfinding and in the modulation of dendritic growth and morphology. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including lo [...] (362 aa)
Dkk1Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1. (270 aa)
Otx2Homeobox protein OTX2; Transcription factor probably involved in the development of the brain and the sense organs. Can bind to the bicoid/BCD target sequence (BTS): 5'-TCTAATCCC-3'; Belongs to the paired homeobox family. Bicoid subfamily. (289 aa)
Wnt3aProtein Wnt; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors; Belongs to the Wnt family. (359 aa)
Pik3c3Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; Catalytic subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 (By similarity). Involved in the transport of lysosomal enzyme precursors to [...] (887 aa)
Tbr1T-box brain transcription factor 1. (680 aa)
Fgfr2Fibroblast growth factor receptor. (841 aa)
RelnReelin; Extracellular matrix serine protease that plays a role in layering of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Regulates microtubule function in neurons and neuronal migration. Affects migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, where it seems to act as a barrier to neuronal migration. Enzymatic activity is important for the modulation of cell adhesion. Binding to the extracellular domains of lipoprotein receptors VLDLR and LRP8/APOER2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of DAB1 and modulation of TAU phosphorylation (By similarity). (3462 aa)
Cux1Homeobox protein cut-like 1; Probably has a broad role in mammalian development as a repressor of developmentally regulated gene expression. May act by preventing binding of positively-activing CCAAT factors to promoters. Component of nf-munr repressor; binds to the matrix attachment regions (MARs) (5' and 3') of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer. Represses T-cell receptor (TCR) beta enhancer function by binding to MARbeta, an ATC-rich DNA sequence located upstream of the TCR beta enhancer (By similarity). Binds to the TH enhancer; may require the basic helix-loop-helix protein T [...] (1504 aa)
Fgfr1Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Required for normal mesoderm patterning and correct axial organization during embryonic development, normal skeletogenesis and normal development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system. Phosphorylates PLCG1, FRS2, GAB1 and SHB. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 lea [...] (729 aa)
Akt1RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the [...] (480 aa)
NogNoggin; Essential for cartilage morphogenesis and joint formation. Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling which is required for growth and patterning of the neural tube and somite (By similarity). Inhibits chondrocyte differentiation through its interaction with GDF5 and, probably, GDF6 (By similarity). (232 aa)
Ins2Insulin-2 A chain; Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. (110 aa)
NesNestin; Required for brain and eye development (By similarity). Promotes the disassembly of phosphorylated vimentin intermediate filaments (IF) during mitosis and may play a role in the trafficking and distribution of IF proteins and other cellular factors to daughter cells during progenitor cell division. Required for survival, renewal and mitogen-stimulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells. (1893 aa)
Gad2Glutamate decarboxylase 2; Catalyzes the production of GABA. (585 aa)
Syt4Synaptotagmin-4; Synaptotagmin family member which does not bind Ca(2+). Involved in neuronal dense core vesicles (DCVs) mobility through its interaction with KIF1A. Upon increased neuronal activity, phosphorylation by MAPK8/JNK1 destabilizes the interaction with KIF1A and captures DCVs to synapses. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (By similarity). (425 aa)
Fgf8Fibroblast growth factor; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (204 aa)
Fgf2Fibroblast growth factor 2; Acts as a ligand for FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Also acts as an integrin ligand which is required for FGF2 signaling. Binds to integrin ITGAV:ITGB3. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as a potent mitogen in vitro. Can induce angiogenesis. (154 aa)
TtrTransthyretin; Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain. Belongs to the transthyretin family. (147 aa)
BambiBMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog; Negatively regulates TGF-beta signaling. (260 aa)
Wnt8bProtein Wnt; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors; Belongs to the Wnt family. (322 aa)
Hes5Transcription factor HES-5; Transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription. Plays an important role as neurogenesis negative regulator (By similarity). (166 aa)
NeflNeurofilament light polypeptide; Neurofilaments usually contain three intermediate filament proteins: L, M, and H which are involved in the maintenance of neuronal caliber. (542 aa)
Ins1Insulin-1 A chain; Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. (110 aa)
Neurog1Neurogenin-1; Acts as a transcriptional regulator. Involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. Activates transcription by binding to the E box (5'-CANNTG-3'). Associates with chromatin to enhancer regulatory elements in genes encoding key transcriptional regulators of neurogenesis (By similarity). (244 aa)
LOC100912050Dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis) (Predicted). (270 aa)
Neurog2Neurogenin 2. (263 aa)
Hes3Transcription factor HES-3; Transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription. (175 aa)
Syn1Synapsin-1; Neuronal phosphoprotein that coats synaptic vesicles, binds to the cytoskeleton, and is believed to function in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. (704 aa)
EomesEomesodermin. (699 aa)
Bmp4Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction (By similarity). (408 aa)
Sfrp2Secreted frizzled-related protein 2. (295 aa)
Fezf2Zinc finger protein 312 (Predicted). (455 aa)
Nkx2-1Homeobox protein Nkx-2.1; Transcription factor that binds and activates the promoter of thyroid specific genes such as thyroglobulin, thyroperoxidase, and thyrotropin receptor. Crucial in the maintenance of the thyroid differentiation phenotype. May play a role in lung development and surfactant homeostasis. Forms a regulatory loop with GRHL2 that coordinates lung epithelial cell morphogenesis and differentiation (By similarity). Activates the transcription of GNRHR and plays a role in enhancing the circadian oscillation of its gene expression. Represses the transcription of the circad [...] (372 aa)
Lhx8LIM homeobox 8. (336 aa)
Lhx6LIM homeobox 6. (392 aa)
ShhSonic hedgehog protein N-product; [Sonic hedgehog protein]: The C-terminal part of the sonic hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis and a cholesterol transferase activity (By similarity). Both activities result in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (ShhN and ShhC) followed by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated ShhN (By similarity). Both activities occur in the reticulum endoplasmic (By similarity). Once cleaved, ShhC is degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). (437 aa)
Snap25Synaptosomal-associated protein; Belongs to the SNAP-25 family. (206 aa)
Lmx1aLIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha. (382 aa)
EgfrReceptor protein-tyrosine kinase. (1209 aa)
Ascl1Achaete-scute homolog 1; Transcription factor that plays a key role in neuronal differentiation: acts as a pioneer transcription factor, accessing closed chromatin to allow other factors to bind and activate neural pathways. Directly binds the E box motif (5'-CANNTG- 3') on promoters and promotes transcription of neuronal genes. The combination of three transcription factors, ASCL1, POU3F2/BRN2 and MYT1L, is sufficient to reprogram fibroblasts and other somatic cells into induced neuronal (iN) cells in vitro. Plays a role at early stages of development of specific neural lineages in mo [...] (233 aa)
PdgfraPlatelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for PDGFA, PDGFB and PDGFC and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, survival and chemotaxis. Depending on the context, promotes or inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration. Plays an important role in the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Required for normal skeleton development and cephalic closure during embryonic development. Required for normal development of the mucosa lining the gastrointes [...] (1088 aa)
Dlx2Homeobox protein DLX-2; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Plays a role in terminal differentiation of interneurons, such as amacrine and bipolar cells in the developing retina. Likely to play a regulatory role in the development of the ventral forebrain. May play a role in craniofacial patterning and morphogenesis. (332 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Rattus norvegicus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10116
Other names: Buffalo rat, Norway rat, R. norvegicus, Rattus PC12 clone IS, Rattus sp. strain Wistar, Sprague-Dawley rat, Wistar rats, brown rat, laboratory rat, rat, rats, zitter rats
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