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Col9a2 | Procollagen, type IX, alpha 2 (Predicted). (688 aa) | ||||
Sox5 | SRY-box transcription factor 5. (763 aa) | ||||
Tgfa | Protransforming growth factor alpha; TGF alpha is a mitogenic polypeptide that is able to bind to the EGF receptor/EGFR and to act synergistically with TGF beta to promote anchorage-independent cell proliferation in soft agar. (159 aa) | ||||
Runx2 | Runt-related transcription factor 2; Transcription factor involved in osteoblastic differentiation and skeletal morphogenesis. Essential for the maturation of osteoblasts and both intramembranous and endochondral ossification. CBF binds to the core site, 5'-PYGPYGGT-3', of a number of enhancers and promoters, including murine leukemia virus, polyomavirus enhancer, T-cell receptor enhancers, osteocalcin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, alpha 1(I) collagen, LCK, IL-3 and GM-CSF promoters. Inhibits KAT6B-dependent transcriptional activation. In osteoblasts, supports transcription activati [...] (529 aa) | ||||
Cxcl12 | Stromal cell-derived factor-1 gamma; Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family. (119 aa) | ||||
Ptch2 | Patched homolog 1 (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (108 aa) | ||||
Wnt2 | Protein Wnt; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors; Belongs to the Wnt family. (360 aa) | ||||
Col2a1 | Collagen alpha-1(II) chain; Type II collagen is specific for cartilaginous tissues. It is essential for the normal embryonic development of the skeleton, for linear growth and for the ability of cartilage to resist compressive forces. (1419 aa) | ||||
Rgs3 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 3; Down-regulates signaling from heterotrimeric G-proteins by increasing the GTPase activity of the alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Down-regulates G-protein- mediated release of inositol phosphates and activation of MAP kinases. (1144 aa) | ||||
Wnt7b | Protein Wnt; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors; Belongs to the Wnt family. (353 aa) | ||||
Actb | Actin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed; Actin is a highly conserved protein that polymerizes to produce filaments that form cross-linked networks in the cytoplasm of cells. Actin exists in both monomeric (G-actin) and polymeric (F-actin) forms, both forms playing key functions, such as cell motility and contraction. In addition to their role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, G- and F-actin also localize in the nucleus, and regulate gene transcription and motility and repair of damaged DNA. (378 aa) | ||||
Pgk1 | Phosphoglycerate kinase 1; Catalyzes one of the two ATP producing reactions in the glycolytic pathway via the reversible conversion of 1,3- diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. In addition to its role as a glycolytic enzyme, it seems that PGK-1 acts as a polymerase alpha cofactor protein (primer recognition protein). May play a role in sperm motility. (417 aa) | ||||
Col10a1 | Collagen type X alpha 1 chain. (680 aa) | ||||
Hoxa1-2 | Homeobox A1. (334 aa) | ||||
Papss2 | 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2. (619 aa) | ||||
Foxc2 | Forkhead box protein C2; Transcriptional activator. Might be involved in the formation of special mesenchymal tissues (By similarity). (494 aa) | ||||
Wnt7a | Protein Wnt; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors; Belongs to the Wnt family. (349 aa) | ||||
Gdf5 | Growth differentiation factor 5. (495 aa) | ||||
Mef2c | Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C; Transcription activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element present in the regulatory regions of many muscle-specific genes. Controls cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis, and is also involved in vascular development. Enhances transcriptional activation mediated by SOX18. Plays an essential role in hippocampal- dependent learning and memory by suppressing the number of excitatory synapses and thus regulating basal and evoked synaptic transmission. Crucial for normal neuronal development, distribution, and electrical activity in the neocorte [...] (393 aa) | ||||
Ctnnb1 | Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa) | ||||
Sox6 | SRY-box containing gene 6, isoform CRA_b. (854 aa) | ||||
Chadl | Chondroadherin-like. (731 aa) | ||||
Trpv4 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4; Non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in osmotic sensitivity and mechanosensitivity. Activation by exposure to hypotonicity within the physiological range exhibits an outward rectification. Also activated by heat, low pH, citrate and phorbol esters (By similarity). Increase of intracellular Ca(2+) potentiates currents (By similarity). Channel activity seems to be regulated by a calmodulin-dependent mechanism with a negative feedback mechanism (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of intracellular Ca(2+) i [...] (871 aa) | ||||
Sox9 | SRY-box transcription factor 9. (507 aa) | ||||
Cxcl2 | C-X-C motif chemokine 2; Chemotactic for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes but does not induce chemokinesis or an oxidative burst. Contributes to neutrophil activation during inflammation. (100 aa) | ||||
Wnt9b | Protein Wnt; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors; Belongs to the Wnt family. (359 aa) | ||||
Wnt3 | Protein Wnt; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors; Belongs to the Wnt family. (355 aa) | ||||
Col1a1 | Collagen alpha-1(I) chain; Type I collagen is a member of group I collagen (fibrillar forming collagen); Belongs to the fibrillar collagen family. (1453 aa) | ||||
Hoxa1 | Homeobox protein Hox-A1; Sequence-specific transcription factor (By similarity). Regulates multiple developmental processes including brainstem, inner and outer ear, abducens nerve and cardiovascular development and morphogenesis as well as cognition and behavior (By similarity). Also part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Acts on the anterior body structures. Seems to act in the maintenance and/or generation of hindbrain segments (By similarity). Activates transcription in the presence of PBX1A [...] (334 aa) | ||||
Sema3d | Semaphorin 3D; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (777 aa) | ||||
Gli1 | GLI-Kruppel family member GLI1. (1109 aa) | ||||
Rnf43 | Ring finger protein 43. (782 aa) | ||||
Cxxc5 | CXXC-type zinc finger protein 5; May indirectly participate in activation of the NF-kappa-B and MAPK pathways (By similarity). Required for DNA damage-induced ATM phosphorylation, p53 activation and cell cycle arrest. Involved in myelopoiesis (By similarity). Acts as a mediator of BMP4-mediated modulation of canonical Wnt signaling activity in neural stem cells. Binds to the oxygen responsive element of COX4I2 and represses its transcription under hypoxia conditions (4% oxygen), as well as normoxia conditions (20% oxygen) (By similarity). May repress COX4I2 transactivation induced by C [...] (316 aa) | ||||
Mmp13 | Collagenase 3; Plays a role in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins including fibrillar collagen, fibronectin, TNC and ACAN. Cleaves triple helical collagens, including type I, type II and type III collagen, but has the highest activity with soluble type II collagen. Can also degrade collagen type IV, type XIV and type X. May also function by activating or degrading key regulatory proteins, such as TGFB1 and CCN2. Plays a role in wound healing, tissue remodeling, cartilage degradation, bone development, bone mineralization and ossification. Required for normal embryonic bon [...] (472 aa) | ||||
Gjb2 | Gap junction beta-2 protein; Structural component of gap junctions. Gap junctions are dodecameric channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining cells. They are formed by the docking of two hexameric hemichannels, one from each cell membrane. Small molecules and ions diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell via the central pore. (226 aa) | ||||
Jun | Transcription factor AP-1; Transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Promotes activity of NR5A1 when phosphorylated by HIPK3 leading to increased steroidogenic gene expression upon cAMP signaling pathway stimulation. Involved in activated KRAS-mediated transcriptional activation of USP28. Binds to the USP28 promoter. (334 aa) | ||||
Chst11 | Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11; Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N- acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Can also sulfate Gal residues in desulfated dermatan sulfate. Preferentially sulfates in GlcA->GalNAc unit than in IdoA->GalNAc unit. Does not form 4, 6-di-O-sulfated GalNAc when chondroitin sulfate C is used as an acceptor (By similarity); Belongs to the sulfotransferase 2 family. (352 aa) | ||||
Rspo1 | R-spondin homolog (Xenopus laevis) (Predicted). (262 aa) | ||||
Snai1 | Snail family transcriptional repressor 1. (264 aa) | ||||
Col9a3 | Collagen type IX alpha 3 chain. (680 aa) | ||||
Matn1 | Matrilin 1, cartilage matrix protein. (498 aa) | ||||
Cxcr5 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5; Cytokine receptor that binds to B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC). Involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles of spleen and Peyer patches but not into those of mesenteric or peripheral lymph nodes (By similarity). (374 aa) | ||||
Cnmd | Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 1; Bifunctional growth regulator that stimulates the growth of cultured chondrocytes in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) but inhibits the growth of cultured vascular endothelial cells. May contribute to the rapid growth of cartilage and vascular invasion prior to the replacement of cartilage by bone during endochondral bone development. Inhibits in vitro tube formation and mobilization of endothelial cells. Plays a role as antiangiogenic factor in cardiac valves to suppress neovascularization (By similarity); Belongs to the chondrom [...] (334 aa) | ||||
Csgalnact1 | Hexosyltransferase. (530 aa) | ||||
Col9a1 | Collagen alpha-1(IX) chain; Structural component of hyaline cartilage and vitreous of the eye; Belongs to the fibril-associated collagens with interrupted helices (FACIT) family. (934 aa) | ||||
Matn4 | Matrilin 4 (Predicted), isoform CRA_b. (624 aa) | ||||
Foxa3 | Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-gamma; Transcription factor that is thought to act as a 'pioneer' factor opening the compacted chromatin for other proteins through interactions with nucleosomal core histones and thereby replacing linker histones at target enhancer and/or promoter sites (By similarity). Originally described as a transcription activator for a number of liver genes such as AFP, albumin, tyrosine aminotransferase, PEPCK, etc. Interacts with the cis-acting regulatory regions of these genes. Involved in glucose homeostasis. Involved in regulation of neuronal-specific transcripti [...] (354 aa) | ||||
Bmpr1b | Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (502 aa) | ||||
Wnt6 | Protein Wnt; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors; Belongs to the Wnt family. (365 aa) | ||||
Slc26a2 | Sulfate transporter; Sulfate transporter. May play a role in endochondral bone formation. (739 aa) | ||||
Ihh | Hedgehog protein; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. (411 aa) | ||||
Sox8 | SRY-box containing gene 8 (Predicted), isoform CRA_b. (463 aa) | ||||
Sh3tc2 | SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeats 2. (1311 aa) | ||||
Ptch1 | Patched 1. (1434 aa) | ||||
Wnk4 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4; Serine/threonine kinase which plays an important role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, cell signaling, survival and proliferation. Acts as an activator and inhibitor of sodium-coupled chloride cotransporters and potassium-coupled chloride cotransporters respectively. Activates SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1D, SGK1, TRPV5 and TRPV6. Regulates the activity of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter, SLC12A3, by phosphorylation which appears to prevent membrane trafficking of SLC12A3. Also inhibits the renal K(+) channel, KCNJ1, via a kinase-in [...] (1222 aa) | ||||
Nog | Noggin; Essential for cartilage morphogenesis and joint formation. Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling which is required for growth and patterning of the neural tube and somite (By similarity). Inhibits chondrocyte differentiation through its interaction with GDF5 and, probably, GDF6 (By similarity). (232 aa) | ||||
Hspg2 | Uncharacterized protein. (2449 aa) | ||||
Bmpr2 | Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (1038 aa) | ||||
Ccl12 | C-C motif chemokine. (98 aa) | ||||
Inpp5d | Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 1; Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphatase that specifically hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) to produce PtdIns(3,4)P2, thereby negatively regulating the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathways. Able also to hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (By similarity). Acts as a negative regulator of B-cell antigen receptor signaling. Mediates signaling from the FC- gamma-RIIB receptor (FCGR2B), [...] (1190 aa) | ||||
Acan | Aggrecan core protein; This proteoglycan is a major component of extracellular matrix of cartilagenous tissues. A major function of this protein is to resist compression in cartilage. It binds avidly to hyaluronic acid via an N-terminal globular region. May play a regulatory role in the matrix assembly of the cartilage. (2162 aa) |