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| | Atf6b | Activating transcription factor 6 beta. (703 aa) |
| | Cdkn1a | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21, Cip1). (164 aa) |
| | Kl | Klotho peptide; May have weak glycosidase activity towards glucuronylated steroids. However, it lacks essential active site Glu residues at positions 241 and 874, suggesting it may be inactive as a glycosidase in vivo. May be involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis by inhibiting the synthesis of active vitamin D (By similarity). Essential factor for the specific interaction between FGF23 and FGFR1 (By similarity). (905 aa) |
| | Gna12 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF12/LARG) (By similarity). GNA12- dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP- 1 (activating protein-1). GNA12-dependent Rho signaling also regulates protein phosphatese 2A activation causing dephosphorylation of its target proteins (By similarity). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activat [...] (379 aa) |
| | Atf2 | Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2; Transcriptional activator which regulates the transcription of various genes, including those involved in anti-apoptosis, cell growth, and DNA damage response. Dependent on its binding partner, binds to CRE (cAMP response element) consensus sequences (5'-TGACGTCA- 3') or to AP-1 (activator protein 1) consensus sequences (5'-TGACTCA- 3'). In the nucleus, contributes to global transcription and the DNA damage response, in addition to specific transcriptional activities that are related to cell development, proliferation and death. In the c [...] (487 aa) |
| | Mapk1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (358 aa) |
| | Bcl2 | Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2; Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1). May attenuate inflammation by impairing NLRP1-inflammasome activation, hence CASP1 activation and IL1B release (By similarity). Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (236 aa) |
| | Slc9a3r1 | Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF1; Scaffold protein that connects plasma membrane proteins with members of the ezrin/moesin/radixin family and thereby helps to link them to the actin cytoskeleton and to regulate their surface expression. Necessary for recycling of internalized ADRB2. Was first known to play a role in the regulation of the activity and subcellular location of SLC9A3. Necessary for cAMP-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition of SLC9A3. Involved in sperm capacitation. May participate in the regulation of the chloride and bicarbonate homeostasis in spermatoz [...] (356 aa) |
| | Adcy3 | Adenylate cyclase type 3; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling. Participates in signaling cascades triggered by odorant receptors via its function in cAMP biosynthesis. Required for the perception of odorants. Required for normal sperm motility and normal male fertility. Plays a role in regulating insulin levels and body fat accumulation in response to a high fat diet (By similarity). Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family. (1144 aa) |
| | Egfr | Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase. (1209 aa) |
| | Plcb1 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. (1135 aa) |
| | Adcy8 | Adenylate cyclase type 8; Catalyzes the formation of cAMP in response to calcium entry leadings to cAMP signaling activation that affect processes suche as synaptic plasticity and insulin secretion. Plays a role in many brain functions, such as learning, memory, drug addiction, and anxiety modulation through regulation of synaptic plasticity by modulating long-term memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) through CREB transcription factor activity modulation. Plays a central role in insulin secretion by controlling glucose homeostasis through glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose signalin [...] (1248 aa) |
| | Gna11 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. (359 aa) |
| | Creb3l1 | Processed cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1; Transcription factor involved in unfolded protein response (UPR). Binds the DNA consensus sequence 5'-GTGXGCXGC-3' (By similarity). In the absence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inserted into ER membranes, with N-terminal DNA-binding and transcription activation domains oriented toward the cytosolic face of the membrane. In response to ER stress, transported to the Golgi, where it is cleaved in a site-specific manner by resident proteases S1P/MBTPS1 and S2P/MBTPS2. The released N-terminal cytosolic domain [...] (520 aa) |
| | Pde4b | cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B; Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes; Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. PDE4 subfamily. (659 aa) |
| | Gcm1 | Chorion-specific transcription factor GCMa; Transcription factor involved in the control of expression of placental growth factor (PGF) and other placenta-specific genes. Binds to the trophoblast-specific element 2 (TSE2) of the aromatase gene enhancer. Binds to the SYDE1 promoter. Has a central role in mediating the differentiation of trophoblast cells along both the villous and extravillous pathways in placental development. (436 aa) |
| | Fos | Proto-oncogene c-Fos; Nuclear phosphoprotein which forms a tight but non-covalently linked complex with the JUN/AP-1 transcription factor. On TGF-beta activation, forms a multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex, at the AP1/SMAD-binding site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated signaling (By similarity). Has a critical function in regulating the development of cells destined to form and maintain the skeleton. It is thought to have an important role in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation. In growing cells, activates phospholipid synthesis, possibly by activating CDS1 and [...] (380 aa) |
| | Mmp13 | Collagenase 3; Plays a role in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins including fibrillar collagen, fibronectin, TNC and ACAN. Cleaves triple helical collagens, including type I, type II and type III collagen, but has the highest activity with soluble type II collagen. Can also degrade collagen type IV, type XIV and type X. May also function by activating or degrading key regulatory proteins, such as TGFB1 and CCN2. Plays a role in wound healing, tissue remodeling, cartilage degradation, bone development, bone mineralization and ossification. Required for normal embryonic bon [...] (472 aa) |
| | Rxra | Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha; Receptor for retinoic acid that acts as a transcription factor (By similarity). Forms homo- or heterodimers with retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and binds to target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, to regulate gene expression in various biological processes (By similarity). The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5 to regulate transcription (By similarity). The high affinity ligand for retinoid X receptors (RXRs) is 9 [...] (467 aa) |
| | LOC103689974 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF11B/OPG and to TNFRSF11A/RANK. Osteoclast differentiation and activation factor. Augments the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate naive T-cell proliferation. May be an important regulator of interactions between T-cells and dendritic cells and may play a role in the regulation of the T-cell-dependent immune response. May also play an important role in enhanced bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Induces osteoclastogenesis by activating multiple signaling pathways in o [...] (318 aa) |
| | Raf1 | RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a regulatory link between the membrane-associated Ras GTPases and the MAPK/ERK cascade, and this critical regulatory link functions as a switch determining cell fate decisions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, survival and oncogenic transformation. RAF1 activation initiates a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that comprises a sequential phosphorylation of the dual-specific MAPK kinases (MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2) and the extracellular signal- regulated kin [...] (648 aa) |
| | Map2k1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Binding of extracellular ligands such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones to their cell-surface receptors activates RAS and this initiates RAF1 activation. RAF1 then further activates the dual-specificity protein kinases MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Both MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2 function specifically in the MAPK/ERK cascade, and catalyze the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine resid [...] (368 aa) |
| | Akap13 | A-kinase anchor protein 13; Scaffold protein that plays an important role in assembling signaling complexes downstream of several types of G protein-coupled receptors. Activates RHOA in response to signaling via G protein- coupled receptors via its function as Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor. May also activate other Rho family members. Part of a kinase signaling complex that links ADRA1A and ADRA1B adrenergic receptor signaling to the activation of downstream p38 MAP kinases, such as MAPK11 and MAPK14. Part of a signaling complex that links ADRA1B signaling to the activation of [...] (2760 aa) |
| | Pde4d | cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D; Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes; Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. PDE4 subfamily. (733 aa) |
| | Prkcb | Protein kinase C beta type; Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various cellular processes such as regulation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signalosome, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, androgen receptor-dependent transcription regulation, insulin signaling and endothelial cells proliferation. Plays a key role in B-cell activation by regulating BCR- induced NF-kappa-B activation. Mediates the activation of the canonical NF-kappa-B pathway (NFKB1) by direct phosphorylation of CARD11/CARMA1 at 'Ser-559', 'Ser- [...] (672 aa) |
| | Creb3l2 | Processed cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2; Transcription factor involved in unfolded protein response (UPR). In the absence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inserted into ER membranes, with N-terminal DNA-binding and transcription activation domains oriented toward the cytosolic face of the membrane. In response to ER stress, transported to the Golgi, where it is cleaved in a site-specific manner by resident proteases S1P/MBTPS1 and S2P/MBTPS2. The released N-terminal cytosolic domain is translocated to the nucleus to effect transcription of specific [...] (521 aa) |
| | Mmp15 | Matrix metallopeptidase 15. (657 aa) |
| | Creb1 | Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1; Phosphorylation-dependent transcription factor that stimulates transcription upon binding to the DNA cAMP response element (CRE), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Transcription activation is enhanced by the TORC coactivators which act independently of Ser-117 phosphorylation. Involved in different cellular processes including the synchronization of circadian rhythmicity and the differentiation of adipose cells (By similarity). Belongs to the bZIP family. (341 aa) |
| | Gnaq | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. (359 aa) |
| | Pth | Parathyroid hormone; PTH elevates calcium level by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion. Stimulates [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D- glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblastic cells (By similarity); Belongs to the parathyroid hormone family. (115 aa) |
| | Sp1 | Transcription factor Sp1; Transcription factor that can activate or repress transcription in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Binds with high affinity to GC-rich motifs and regulates the expression of a large number of genes involved in a variety of processes such as cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation and immune responses. Highly regulated by post-translational modifications (phosphorylations, sumoylation, proteolytic cleavage, glycosylation and acetylation). Binds also the PDGFR-alpha G-box promoter. May have a role in modulating the cellular response to DNA da [...] (786 aa) |
| | Gcm2 | Glial cells missing homolog 2 (Drosophila) (Predicted). (504 aa) |
| | Adcy7 | Adenylate cyclase type 7; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling. (1100 aa) |
| | Trpv5 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5; Constitutively active calcium selective cation channel thought to be involved in Ca(2+) reabsorption in kidney and intestine. Required for normal Ca(2+) reabsorption in the kidney distal convoluted tubules (By similarity). The channel is activated by low internal calcium level and the current exhibits an inward rectification (By similarity). A Ca(2+)-dependent feedback regulation includes fast channel inactivation and slow current decay (By similarity). Heteromeric assembly with TRPV6 seems to modify channel properties. [...] (723 aa) |
| | Mafb | Transcription factor MafB; Acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor. Plays a pivotal role in regulating lineage-specific hematopoiesis by repressing ETS1-mediated transcription of erythroid-specific genes in myeloid cells. Required for monocytic, macrophage, osteoclast, podocyte and islet beta cell differentiation. Involved in renal tubule survival and F4/80 maturation. Activates the insulin and glucagon promoters. Together with PAX6, transactivates weakly the glucagon gene promoter through the G1 element. SUMO modification controls its transcriptional activity and ability to s [...] (323 aa) |
| | Lrp5 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein; Component of the Wnt-Fzd-LRP5-LRP6 complex that triggers beta-catenin signaling through inducing aggregation of receptor-ligand complexes into ribosome-sized signalsomes. Belongs to the LDLR family. (1600 aa) |
| | Gnai2 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta- adrenergic stimuli. May play a role in cell division. (355 aa) |
| | Hbegf | Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor; Growth factor that mediates its effects via EGFR, ERBB2 and ERBB4. Required for normal cardiac valve formation and normal heart function. Promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation. May be involved in macrophage-mediated cellular proliferation. It is mitogenic for fibroblasts, but not endothelial cells. It is able to bind EGF receptor/EGFR with higher affinity than EGF itself and is a far more potent mitogen for smooth muscle cells than EGF. Also acts as a diphtheria toxin receptor (By similarity). (208 aa) |
| | Gata3 | GATA-binding protein 3. (444 aa) |
| | Arrb2 | Beta-arrestin-2; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (410 aa) |
| | Egr1 | Early growth response protein 1; Transcriptional regulator. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-GCG(T/G)GGGCG-3'(EGR-site) in the promoter region of target genes (By similarity). Binds double-stranded target DNA, irrespective of the cytosine methylation status (By similarity). Regulates the transcription of numerous target genes, and thereby plays an important role in regulating the response to growth factors, DNA damage, and ischemia. Plays a role in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and cell death. Activates expression of p53/TP53 and TGFB1, and thereby helps pre [...] (536 aa) |
| | Pde4c | cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C; Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. (671 aa) |
| | Jund | Transcription factor jun-D; Transcription factor binding AP-1 sites. Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily. (341 aa) |
| | Bglap | Osteocalcin; Constitutes 1-2% of the total bone protein. It binds strongly to apatite and calcium. (99 aa) |
| | Gnai3 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha; Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signaling cascades. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Signaling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding. The alpha subunit has a low GTPase activity that converts bound GTP to GDP, thereby terminating the signal. Both GDP release and GTP hydrolysis are modul [...] (354 aa) |
| | Adcy4 | Adenylate cyclase type 4; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling. (1072 aa) |
| | Sost | Sclerostin; Negative regulator of bone growth that acts through inhibition of Wnt signaling and bone formation; Belongs to the sclerostin family. (213 aa) |
| | Pth1r | Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor; Receptor for parathyroid hormone and for parathyroid hormone- related peptide. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase and also a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. (591 aa) |
| | Plcb3 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. (1236 aa) |
| | Slc34a1 | Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2A; Involved in actively transporting phosphate into cells via Na(+) cotransport in the renal brush border membrane. Probably mediates 70-80% of the apical influx. (637 aa) |
| | Gnas | Neuroendocrine secretory protein 55; Belongs to the NESP55 family. (256 aa) |
| | Creb3l4 | Processed cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4; Transcriptional activator that may play a role in the unfolded protein response. Binds to the UPR element (UPRE) but not to CRE element. Preferentially binds DNA with to the consensus sequence 5'-T[GT]ACGT[GA][GT]-3' and has transcriptional activation activity from UPRE. Binds to NF-kappa-B site and has transcriptional activation activity from NF-kappa-B-containing regulatory elements. Increases the binding of CREM isoform Delta with CRE. The CREM isoform Delta-CREB3L4 heterodimer functions through CRE but not th [...] (365 aa) |
| | Creb5 | Similar to cAMP responsive element binding protein 5 (Predicted). (561 aa) |
| | Mmp17 | Matrix metallopeptidase 17 (Predicted). (587 aa) |
| | Adcy2 | Adenylate cyclase type 2; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling. Down-stream signaling cascades mediate changes in gene expression patterns and lead to increased IL6 production. Functions in signaling cascades downstream of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family. (852 aa) |
| | Mmp16 | Matrix metalloproteinase-16; Endopeptidase that degrades various components of the extracellular matrix, such as collagen type III and fibronectin. Activates progelatinase A. Involved in the matrix remodeling of blood vessels. The short isoform efficiently converts progelatinase A to the intermediate form but not to the mature one. It has no effect on type I, II, IV and V collagen. However, upon interaction with CSPG4, it may be involved in degradation and invasion of type I collagen by melanoma cells. (546 aa) |
| | Rxrb | Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta; Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE). (518 aa) |
| | Mef2d | Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D; Transcriptional activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element, 5'-YTA[AT](4)TAR-3', found in numerous muscle-specific, growth factor- and stress-induced genes. Mediates cellular functions not only in skeletal and cardiac muscle development, but also in neuronal differentiation and survival. Plays diverse roles in the control of cell growth, survival and apoptosis via p38 MAPK signaling in muscle-specific and/or growth factor-related transcription. Plays a critical role in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis (By similarity). (507 aa) |
| | Cyp24a1 | 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase with a key role in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Via C24-oxidation pathway, catalyzes the inactivation of both the vitamin D precursor calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)) and the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25- dihydroxyvitamin D(3)). With initial hydroxylation at C-24 (via C24-oxidation pathway), performs a sequential 6-step oxidation of calcitriol leading to the formation of the biliary metabolite calcitroic acid. Hydroxylates at C-24 or C-25 other vitamin D active metaboli [...] (514 aa) |
| | Itpr1 | Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1; Intracellular channel that mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum following stimulation by inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate. Involved in the regulation of epithelial secretion of electrolytes and fluid through the interaction with AHCYL1 Plays a role in ER stress-induced apoptosis. Cytoplasmic calcium released from the ER triggers apoptosis by the activation of CaM kinase II, eventually leading to the activation of downstream apoptosis pathways. Belongs to the InsP3 receptor family. (2773 aa) |
| | Nr4a2 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2; Transcriptional regulator which is important for the differentiation and maintenance of meso-diencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons during development. It is crucial for expression of a set of genes such as SLC6A3, SLC18A2, TH and DRD2 which are essential for development of mdDA neurons (By similarity). May confer liver- specific regulation of delayed-early genes induced later in the G1 phase of regeneration along with HMR. (598 aa) |
| | Prkaca | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose- mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts. Involved in the [...] (351 aa) |
| | Creb3l3 | Processed cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3; Transcription factor that may act during endoplasmic reticulum stress by activating unfolded protein response target genes. Activated in response to cAMP stimulation. Binds the cAMP response element (CRE). Activates transcription through box-B element and CRE. Seems to function synergistically with ATF6. In acute inflammatory response, may activate expression of acute phase response (APR) genes (By similarity). May be involved in growth suppression; Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily. (470 aa) |
| | Plcb4 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. This form has a role in retina signal transduction. (1206 aa) |
| | Arrb1 | Beta-arrestin-1; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (418 aa) |
| | Adcy5 | Adenylate cyclase type 5; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling. Mediates signaling downstream of ADRB1. Regulates the increase of free cytosolic Ca(2+) in response to increased blood glucose levels and contributes to the regulation of Ca(2+)-dependent insulin secretion. (1262 aa) |
| | Itpr2 | Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2; Receptor for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger that mediates the release of intracellular calcium. This release is regulated by cAMP both dependently and independently of PKA (By similarity). (2058 aa) |
| | Araf | Serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf; Involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. May also regulate the TOR signaling cascade (By similarity). (604 aa) |
| | Slc34a2 | Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B; May be involved in actively transporting phosphate into cells via Na(+) cotransport. It may be the main phosphate transport protein in the intestinal brush border membrane. May have a role in the synthesis of surfactant in lungs' alveoli. (735 aa) |
| | Gna13 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF1/p115RhoGEF, ARHGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF and ARHGEF12/LARG) (By similarity). GNA13-dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP-1 (activating protein-1) (By similarity). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activating RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway (By similarity). Inhibits CDH1- mediated cell adhesion [...] (377 aa) |
| | Pld2 | Phospholipase D2; May have a role in signal-induced cytoskeletal regulation and/or endocytosis; Belongs to the phospholipase D family. (931 aa) |
| | Runx2 | Runt-related transcription factor 2; Transcription factor involved in osteoblastic differentiation and skeletal morphogenesis. Essential for the maturation of osteoblasts and both intramembranous and endochondral ossification. CBF binds to the core site, 5'-PYGPYGGT-3', of a number of enhancers and promoters, including murine leukemia virus, polyomavirus enhancer, T-cell receptor enhancers, osteocalcin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, alpha 1(I) collagen, LCK, IL-3 and GM-CSF promoters. Inhibits KAT6B-dependent transcriptional activation. In osteoblasts, supports transcription activati [...] (529 aa) |
| | Pde4a | cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A; Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes; Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. PDE4 subfamily. (841 aa) |
| | Atf4 | Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4; Transcriptional activator. Binds the cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3'), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Cooperates with FOXO1 in osteoblasts to regulate glucose homeostasis through suppression of beta-cell production and decrease in insulin production (By similarity). Regulates the induction of DDIT3/CHOP and asparagine synthetase (ASNS) in response to ER stress. In concert with DDIT3/CHOP, activates the transcription of TRIB3 and promotes ER stress-induced neuronal apoptosis by regul [...] (347 aa) |
| | RSA-14-44 | RSA-14-44 protein. (193 aa) |
| | Prkacb | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta; Mediates cAMP-dependent signaling triggered by receptor binding to GPCRs. PKA activation regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, the cell cycle, differentiation and regulation of microtubule dynamics, chromatin condensation and decondensation, nuclear envelope disassembly and reassembly, as well as regulation of intracellular transport mechanisms and ion flux. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subu [...] (351 aa) |
| | Cyp27b1 | 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) to 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D3), and of 24,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)(2)D3) to 1-alpha,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha,24,25(OH)(3)D3). Is also active with 25-hydroxy-24-oxo- vitamin D3. Plays an important role in normal bone growth, calcium metabolism, and tissue differentiation. (501 aa) |
| | Adcy9 | Adenylate cyclase 9 (Predicted), isoform CRA_b; Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family. (1354 aa) |
| | Mmp14 | Matrix metalloproteinase-14; Endopeptidase that degrades various components of the extracellular matrix such as collagen. Activates progelatinase A. Essential for pericellular collagenolysis and modeling of skeletal and extraskeletal connective tissues during development. May be involved in actin cytoskeleton reorganization by cleaving PTK7. Acts as a positive regulator of cell growth and migration via activation of MMP15 in association with pro-MMP2. Involved in the formation of the fibrovascular tissues in association with pro-MMP2. Cleaves ADGRB1 to release vasculostatin-40 which in [...] (582 aa) |
| | Naca | Nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunit alpha. (2163 aa) |
| | Rhoa | Transforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essent [...] (193 aa) |
| | Mef2a | Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A; Transcriptional activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element, 5'-YTA[AT](4)TAR-3', found in numerous muscle-specific genes. Also involved in the activation of numerous growth factor- and stress-induced genes. Mediates cellular functions not only in skeletal and cardiac muscle development, but also in neuronal differentiation and survival. Plays diverse roles in the control of cell growth, survival and apoptosis via p38 MAPK signaling in muscle-specific and/or growth factor-related transcription. In cerebellar granule neurons, phosphorylate [...] (506 aa) |
| | Casr | Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor; G-protein-coupled receptor that senses changes in the extracellular concentration of calcium ions and plays a key role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. Senses fluctuations in the circulating calcium concentration and modulates the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in parathyroid glands (By similarity). The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system (By similarity). The G-protein-coupled receptor activity is activated by a co-agonist mechanism: aromatic amino [...] (1079 aa) |
| | Vdr | Vitamin D3 receptor; Nuclear receptor for calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D3 which mediates the action of this vitamin on cells. Enters the nucleus upon vitamin D3 binding where it forms heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor/RXR (By similarity). The VDR-RXR heterodimers bind to specific response elements on DNA and activate the transcription of vitamin D3-responsive target genes (By similarity). Plays a central role in calcium homeostasis ; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily. (423 aa) |
| | Mapk3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (380 aa) |
| | Plcb2 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. This protein may be involved in the transduction of bitter taste stimuli. (1183 aa) |
| | Arhgef11 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11; May play a role in the regulation of RhoA GTPase by guanine nucleotide-binding alpha-12 (GNA12) and alpha-13 (GNA13). Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase and may act as GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GNA12 and GNA13. Involved in neurotrophin-induced neurite outgrowth (By similarity). (1576 aa) |
| | Adcy1 | Adenylate cyclase type 1; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling. (967 aa) |
| | Prkcg | Protein kinase C gamma type; Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays diverse roles in neuronal cells and eye tissues, such as regulation of the neuronal receptors GRIA4/GLUR4 and GRIN1/NMDAR1, modulation of receptors and neuronal functions related to sensitivity to opiates, pain and alcohol, mediation of synaptic function and cell survival after ischemia, and inhibition of gap junction activity after oxidative stress. Binds and phosphorylates GRIA4/GLUR4 glutamate receptor and regulates its function by increasing p [...] (697 aa) |
| | Lrp6 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein; Component of the Wnt-Fzd-LRP5-LRP6 complex that triggers beta-catenin signaling through inducing aggregation of receptor-ligand complexes into ribosome-sized signalsomes. Belongs to the LDLR family. (1613 aa) |
| | Adcy6 | Adenylate cyclase type 6; Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP downstream of G protein-coupled receptors. Functions in signaling cascades downstream of beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and in vascular smooth muscle cells. Functions in signaling cascades downstream of the vasopressin receptor in the kidney and has a role in renal water reabsorption. Functions in signaling cascades downstream of PTH1R and plays a role in regulating renal phosphate excretion. Functions in signaling cascades downstream of the VIP and SCT receptors in pancreas and contributes to the [...] (1180 aa) |
| | Arhgef1 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1; Seems to play a role in the regulation of RhoA GTPase by guanine nucleotide-binding alpha-12 (GNA12) and alpha-13 (GNA13) subunits. Acts as GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GNA12 and GNA13, and as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase. Activated G alpha 13/GNA13 stimulates the RhoGEF activity through interaction with the RGS-like domain. This GEF activity is inhibited by binding to activated GNA12 (By similarity). Mediates angiotensin-2- induced RhoA activation. (918 aa) |
| | Pld1 | Phospholipase D1; Implicated as a critical step in numerous cellular pathways, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and the regulation of mitosis. May be involved in the regulation of perinuclear intravesicular membrane traffic (By similarity). (1077 aa) |
| | Gnai1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signaling cascades. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Signaling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding. The alpha subunit has a low GTPase activity that converts bound GTP to GDP, thereby terminating the signal. Both GDP release and GTP hydrolysis are modulated by numer [...] (354 aa) |
| | Slc34a3 | Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2C; May be involved in actively transporting phosphate into cells via Na(+) cotransport in the renal brush border membrane. Probably mediates 20-30% of the apical influx; Belongs to the SLC34A transporter family. (609 aa) |
| | Itpr3 | Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3; Receptor for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger that mediates the release of intracellular calcium. (2670 aa) |
| | Mmp24 | Processed matrix metalloproteinase-24; Metalloprotease that mediates cleavage of N-cadherin (CDH2) and acts as a regulator of neuro-immune interactions and neural stem cell quiescence. Involved in cell-cell interactions between nociceptive neurites and mast cells, possibly by mediating cleavage of CDH2, thereby acting as a mediator of peripheral thermal nociception and inflammatory hyperalgesia. Key regulator of neural stem cells quiescence by mediating cleavage of CDH2, affecting CDH2-mediated anchorage of neural stem cells to ependymocytes in the adult subependymal zone, leading to m [...] (589 aa) |
| | Fgf23 | Fibroblast growth factor 23; Regulator of phosphate homeostasis (By similarity). Inhibits renal tubular phosphate transport by reducing SLC34A1 levels (By similarity). Regulator of vitamin-D metabolism (By similarity). Negatively regulates osteoblasts differentiation and matrix mineralization (By similarity). Acts directly on the parathyroid to decrease PTH secretion. Upregulates EGR1 expression in the presence of KL; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (251 aa) |
