Actin-assembly inducing protein precursor; Virulence factor required for host cell microfilament interaction. It induces actin assembly around the bacteria to allow it to move within the cytoplasm. It is involved in the actin polymerization process. It seems to act as a nucleator that induces the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.

Listeriolysin O precursor; Sulfhydryl-activated pore-forming toxin, which is a major virulence factor required for the escape of bacteria from phagosomal vacuoles and entry into the host cytosol. After binding to target membranes, the protein undergoes a major conformation change, leading to its insertion in the host membrane and formation of an oligomeric pore complex. Listeriolysin O activates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity in host cells, most likely as a result of the permeabilization of the host cell membrane. Also induces a proteasome- independent degradation of U [...]

Actin-assembly inducing protein precursor; Virulence factor required for host cell microfilament interaction. It induces actin assembly around the bacteria to allow it to move within the cytoplasm. It is involved in the actin polymerization process. It seems to act as a nucleator that induces the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.

Internalin A; Mediates the entry of L.monocytogenes into host intestinal epithelial cells; transformation with inlA alone allows L.innocua (a non-invasive species) to be taken up by host cells. Binds to human receptor cadherin-1 (E-cadherin, CDH1); the chicken homolog of cadherin-1 but not cadherin- 2 function as receptors. Mouse cadherin-1 is not a receptor, however mutating a single surface-exposed residue (Glu-172 to Pro in mouse) allows cadherin-1 to act as a receptor for InlA ; Belongs to the internalin family.

Actin-assembly inducing protein precursor; Virulence factor required for host cell microfilament interaction. It induces actin assembly around the bacteria to allow it to move within the cytoplasm. It is involved in the actin polymerization process. It seems to act as a nucleator that induces the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.

Internalin B; Mediates the entry of L.monocytogenes into normally non- phagocytic mammalian host cells. Its host receptor is hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF receptor, a tyrosine kinase, MET) which is tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to InlB. Downstream targets MAPK1/MAPK3 (Erk1/2) and AKT are phosphorylated in response to InlB, which also causes cell colony scattering. Complement component 1 Q subcomponent-binding protein (gC1q-R, C1QBP) has been suggested to also act an InlB receptor, but this is less certain. Stimulation of Tyr-phosphorylation of MET by InlB is potentiated [...]

Actin-assembly inducing protein precursor; Virulence factor required for host cell microfilament interaction. It induces actin assembly around the bacteria to allow it to move within the cytoplasm. It is involved in the actin polymerization process. It seems to act as a nucleator that induces the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.

Internalin C.

Actin-assembly inducing protein precursor; Virulence factor required for host cell microfilament interaction. It induces actin assembly around the bacteria to allow it to move within the cytoplasm. It is involved in the actin polymerization process. It seems to act as a nucleator that induces the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.

Foldase protein PrsA 2; Plays a major role in protein secretion by helping the post- translocational extracellular folding of several secreted proteins.

Actin-assembly inducing protein precursor; Virulence factor required for host cell microfilament interaction. It induces actin assembly around the bacteria to allow it to move within the cytoplasm. It is involved in the actin polymerization process. It seems to act as a nucleator that induces the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.

Zinc metalloproteinase precursor; Probably linked to the pathogenesis of listerial infection; Belongs to the peptidase M4 family.

Actin-assembly inducing protein precursor; Virulence factor required for host cell microfilament interaction. It induces actin assembly around the bacteria to allow it to move within the cytoplasm. It is involved in the actin polymerization process. It seems to act as a nucleator that induces the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.

Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c; Cleaves glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) anchors but not PI phosphates. Important factor in pathogenesis, PI-PLC activity is present only in virulent listeria species. It may participate in the lysis of the phagolysosomal membrane.

Actin-assembly inducing protein precursor; Virulence factor required for host cell microfilament interaction. It induces actin assembly around the bacteria to allow it to move within the cytoplasm. It is involved in the actin polymerization process. It seems to act as a nucleator that induces the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.

Phospholipase C; Important role in the infectious process. May contribute to efficient lysis of the two-membrane vacuoles that surround the bacteria after direct cell-to-cell spread.

EutB protein; Similar to ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, heavy chain.

Similar to ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, light chain; Belongs to the EutC family.

Similar to ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, light chain; Belongs to the EutC family.

EutB protein; Similar to ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, heavy chain.

Wall teichoic acid glycosylation protein GtcA; Involved in the decoration of cell wall teichoic acid with galactose and glucose; Belongs to the GtrA family.

Phosphatidylglycerol lysyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of a lysyl group from L-lysyl- tRNA(Lys) to membrane-bound phosphatidylglycerol (PG), which produces lysylphosphatidylglycerol (LPG), a major component of the bacterial membrane with a positive net charge. LPG synthesis contributes to bacterial virulence as it is involved in the resistance mechanism against cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMP) produces by the host's immune system (defensins, cathelicidins) and by the competing microorganisms.

Wall teichoic acid glycosylation protein GtcA; Involved in the decoration of cell wall teichoic acid with galactose and glucose; Belongs to the GtrA family.

Foldase protein PrsA 2; Plays a major role in protein secretion by helping the post- translocational extracellular folding of several secreted proteins.

Wall teichoic acid glycosylation protein GtcA; Involved in the decoration of cell wall teichoic acid with galactose and glucose; Belongs to the GtrA family.

Phosphatidylglycerol lysyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of a lysyl group from L-lysyl- tRNA(Lys) to membrane-bound phosphatidylglycerol (PG), which produces lysylphosphatidylglycerol (LPG), a major component of the bacterial membrane with a positive net charge. LPG synthesis contributes to bacterial virulence as it is involved in the resistance mechanism against cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMP) produces by the host's immune system (defensins, cathelicidins) and by the competing microorganisms.

Listeriolysin O precursor; Sulfhydryl-activated pore-forming toxin, which is a major virulence factor required for the escape of bacteria from phagosomal vacuoles and entry into the host cytosol. After binding to target membranes, the protein undergoes a major conformation change, leading to its insertion in the host membrane and formation of an oligomeric pore complex. Listeriolysin O activates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity in host cells, most likely as a result of the permeabilization of the host cell membrane. Also induces a proteasome- independent degradation of U [...]

Actin-assembly inducing protein precursor; Virulence factor required for host cell microfilament interaction. It induces actin assembly around the bacteria to allow it to move within the cytoplasm. It is involved in the actin polymerization process. It seems to act as a nucleator that induces the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.

Listeriolysin O precursor; Sulfhydryl-activated pore-forming toxin, which is a major virulence factor required for the escape of bacteria from phagosomal vacuoles and entry into the host cytosol. After binding to target membranes, the protein undergoes a major conformation change, leading to its insertion in the host membrane and formation of an oligomeric pore complex. Listeriolysin O activates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity in host cells, most likely as a result of the permeabilization of the host cell membrane. Also induces a proteasome- independent degradation of U [...]

Internalin A; Mediates the entry of L.monocytogenes into host intestinal epithelial cells; transformation with inlA alone allows L.innocua (a non-invasive species) to be taken up by host cells. Binds to human receptor cadherin-1 (E-cadherin, CDH1); the chicken homolog of cadherin-1 but not cadherin- 2 function as receptors. Mouse cadherin-1 is not a receptor, however mutating a single surface-exposed residue (Glu-172 to Pro in mouse) allows cadherin-1 to act as a receptor for InlA ; Belongs to the internalin family.

Listeriolysin O precursor; Sulfhydryl-activated pore-forming toxin, which is a major virulence factor required for the escape of bacteria from phagosomal vacuoles and entry into the host cytosol. After binding to target membranes, the protein undergoes a major conformation change, leading to its insertion in the host membrane and formation of an oligomeric pore complex. Listeriolysin O activates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity in host cells, most likely as a result of the permeabilization of the host cell membrane. Also induces a proteasome- independent degradation of U [...]

Internalin B; Mediates the entry of L.monocytogenes into normally non- phagocytic mammalian host cells. Its host receptor is hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF receptor, a tyrosine kinase, MET) which is tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to InlB. Downstream targets MAPK1/MAPK3 (Erk1/2) and AKT are phosphorylated in response to InlB, which also causes cell colony scattering. Complement component 1 Q subcomponent-binding protein (gC1q-R, C1QBP) has been suggested to also act an InlB receptor, but this is less certain. Stimulation of Tyr-phosphorylation of MET by InlB is potentiated [...]

Listeriolysin O precursor; Sulfhydryl-activated pore-forming toxin, which is a major virulence factor required for the escape of bacteria from phagosomal vacuoles and entry into the host cytosol. After binding to target membranes, the protein undergoes a major conformation change, leading to its insertion in the host membrane and formation of an oligomeric pore complex. Listeriolysin O activates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity in host cells, most likely as a result of the permeabilization of the host cell membrane. Also induces a proteasome- independent degradation of U [...]

Internalin C.

Listeriolysin O precursor; Sulfhydryl-activated pore-forming toxin, which is a major virulence factor required for the escape of bacteria from phagosomal vacuoles and entry into the host cytosol. After binding to target membranes, the protein undergoes a major conformation change, leading to its insertion in the host membrane and formation of an oligomeric pore complex. Listeriolysin O activates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity in host cells, most likely as a result of the permeabilization of the host cell membrane. Also induces a proteasome- independent degradation of U [...]

Foldase protein PrsA 2; Plays a major role in protein secretion by helping the post- translocational extracellular folding of several secreted proteins.

Listeriolysin O precursor; Sulfhydryl-activated pore-forming toxin, which is a major virulence factor required for the escape of bacteria from phagosomal vacuoles and entry into the host cytosol. After binding to target membranes, the protein undergoes a major conformation change, leading to its insertion in the host membrane and formation of an oligomeric pore complex. Listeriolysin O activates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity in host cells, most likely as a result of the permeabilization of the host cell membrane. Also induces a proteasome- independent degradation of U [...]

Zinc metalloproteinase precursor; Probably linked to the pathogenesis of listerial infection; Belongs to the peptidase M4 family.

Listeriolysin O precursor; Sulfhydryl-activated pore-forming toxin, which is a major virulence factor required for the escape of bacteria from phagosomal vacuoles and entry into the host cytosol. After binding to target membranes, the protein undergoes a major conformation change, leading to its insertion in the host membrane and formation of an oligomeric pore complex. Listeriolysin O activates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity in host cells, most likely as a result of the permeabilization of the host cell membrane. Also induces a proteasome- independent degradation of U [...]

Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c; Cleaves glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) anchors but not PI phosphates. Important factor in pathogenesis, PI-PLC activity is present only in virulent listeria species. It may participate in the lysis of the phagolysosomal membrane.