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| | xseA | Exodeoxyribonuclease VII large subunit; Bidirectionally degrades single-stranded DNA into large acid- insoluble oligonucleotides, which are then degraded further into small acid-soluble oligonucleotides; Belongs to the XseA family. (532 aa) |
| | dnaQ | DNA polymerase III, epsilon chain; DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. The epsilon subunit contain the editing function and is a proofreading 3'- 5' exonuclease. (232 aa) |
| | gyrB | DNA gyrase subunit B; A type II topoisomerase that negatively supercoils closed circular double-stranded (ds) DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to modulate DNA topology and maintain chromosomes in an underwound state. Negative supercoiling favors strand separation, and DNA replication, transcription, recombination and repair, all of which involve strand separation. Also able to catalyze the interconversion of other topological isomers of dsDNA rings, including catenanes and knotted rings. Type II topoisomerases break and join 2 DNA strands simultaneously in an ATP-dependent manner. (811 aa) |
| | uvrD | ATP-dependant DNA helicase; Belongs to the helicase family. UvrD subfamily. (1185 aa) |
| | recQ | ATP-dependent DNA helicase. (602 aa) |
| | nrdE | Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 2 alpha chain; Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. (693 aa) |
| | nrdF | Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 2 beta chain; Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides; Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family. (324 aa) |
| | recF | recF-like protein; The RecF protein is involved in DNA metabolism; it is required for DNA replication and normal SOS inducibility. RecF binds preferentially to single-stranded, linear DNA. It also seems to bind ATP. (375 aa) |
| | recR | Recombination protein; May play a role in DNA repair. It seems to be involved in an RecBC-independent recombinational process of DNA repair. It may act with RecF and RecO. (201 aa) |
| | dnaX | DNA polymerase III, tau subunit; DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. (624 aa) |
| | polA | DNA polymerase I; In addition to polymerase activity, this DNA polymerase exhibits 5'-3' exonuclease activity; Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-A family. (998 aa) |
| | dnaJ | Molecular chaperone, DnaJ family; Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins and by disaggregating proteins, also in an autonomous, DnaK-independent fashion. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP-dependent interactions betwe [...] (377 aa) |
| | dnaN | DNA polymerase III, beta chain; Confers DNA tethering and processivity to DNA polymerases and other proteins. Acts as a clamp, forming a ring around DNA (a reaction catalyzed by the clamp-loading complex) which diffuses in an ATP- independent manner freely and bidirectionally along dsDNA. Initially characterized for its ability to contact the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase III (Pol III), a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria; Pol III exhibits 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activity. The beta chain is required for initiation of r [...] (372 aa) |
| | mutM | formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase; Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Acts as DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes damaged bases. Has a preference for oxidized purines, such as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a single-strand break at the site of the removed base with both 3'- and 5'-phosphates (By similarity). (298 aa) |
| | dnaA | Chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA; Plays an important role in the initiation and regulation of chromosomal replication. Binds to the origin of replication; it binds specifically double-stranded DNA at a 9 bp consensus (dnaA box): 5'- TTATC[CA]A[CA]A-3'. DnaA binds to ATP and to acidic phospholipids (By similarity). (520 aa) |
| | ihfB | Integration host factor, beta subunit; This protein is one of the two subunits of integration host factor, a specific DNA-binding protein that functions in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational control. Belongs to the bacterial histone-like protein family. (100 aa) |
| | mutS | DNA mismatch repair protein, MutS family; This protein is involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA. It is possible that it carries out the mismatch recognition step. This protein has a weak ATPase activity. (883 aa) |
| | Atu0365 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (410 aa) |
| | apaG | apaG protein. (130 aa) |
| | intD | Phage-related integrase. (342 aa) |
| | Atu0446 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (381 aa) |
| | Atu0506 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (195 aa) |
| | Atu0556 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (134 aa) |
| | tag | 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase. (209 aa) |
| | mutL | DNA mismatch repair protein MutL; This protein is involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA. It is required for dam-dependent methyl-directed DNA mismatch repair. May act as a 'molecular matchmaker', a protein that promotes the formation of a stable complex between two or more DNA-binding proteins in an ATP-dependent manner without itself being part of a final effector complex. (606 aa) |
| | Atu0721 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (369 aa) |
| | xseB | Exodeoxyribonuclease small subunit; Bidirectionally degrades single-stranded DNA into large acid- insoluble oligonucleotides, which are then degraded further into small acid-soluble oligonucleotides; Belongs to the XseB family. (84 aa) |
| | Atu0752 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (398 aa) |
| | ccrM | Cell cycle regulated site-specific DNA-methyltransferase protein; Belongs to the N(4)/N(6)-methyltransferase family. (381 aa) |
| | mutY | A/G-specific adenine glycosylase; Adenine glycosylase active on G-A mispairs. (367 aa) |
| | smc | Chromosome segregation protein; Required for chromosome condensation and partitioning. Belongs to the SMC family. (1155 aa) |
| | Atu0840 | ATP-dependent DNA ligase. (541 aa) |
| | Atu0877 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (283 aa) |
| | ada | 6-O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. (378 aa) |
| | Atu0917 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (140 aa) |
| | recO | DNA repair protein RecO; Involved in DNA repair and RecF pathway recombination. (254 aa) |
| | radA | DNA repair protein; DNA-dependent ATPase involved in processing of recombination intermediates, plays a role in repairing DNA breaks. Stimulates the branch migration of RecA-mediated strand transfer reactions, allowing the 3' invading strand to extend heteroduplex DNA faster. Binds ssDNA in the presence of ADP but not other nucleotides, has ATPase activity that is stimulated by ssDNA and various branched DNA structures, but inhibited by SSB. Does not have RecA's homology-searching function. (468 aa) |
| | dnaC | Replicative DNA helicase; Participates in initiation and elongation during chromosome replication; it exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity and contains distinct active sites for ATP binding, DNA binding, and interaction with DnaC protein, primase, and other prepriming proteins. Belongs to the helicase family. DnaB subfamily. (498 aa) |
| | holC | DNA polymerase III subunit chi. (149 aa) |
| | uvrC | Excinuclease ABC chain C; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrC both incises the 5' and 3' sides of the lesion. The N-terminal half is responsible for the 3' incision and the C-terminal half is responsible for the 5' incision. (642 aa) |
| | Atu1143 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (242 aa) |
| | parC | Topoisomerase IV subunit A; Topoisomerase IV is essential for chromosome segregation. It relaxes supercoiled DNA. Performs the decatenation events required during the replication of a circular DNA molecule; Belongs to the type II topoisomerase GyrA/ParC subunit family. ParC type 1 subfamily. (750 aa) |
| | ihfA | Integration host factor alpha subunit; This protein is one of the two subunits of integration host factor, a specific DNA-binding protein that functions in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational control. Belongs to the bacterial histone-like protein family. (112 aa) |
| | int | Phage-related integrase; Belongs to the 'phage' integrase family. (388 aa) |
| | phrA | DNA photolyase; Photolyase involved in the repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. By using blue-light energy, catalyzes the photoreactivation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which are formed between adjacent bases on the same DNA strand upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Can repair CPD lesions in ssDNA as well as in dsDNA. (479 aa) |
| | Atu1220 | methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase. (185 aa) |
| | dnaE | DNA polymerase III, alpha chain. (1167 aa) |
| | dinP | DNA polymerase IV; Poorly processive, error-prone DNA polymerase involved in untargeted mutagenesis. Copies undamaged DNA at stalled replication forks, which arise in vivo from mismatched or misaligned primer ends. These misaligned primers can be extended by PolIV. Exhibits no 3'-5' exonuclease (proofreading) activity. May be involved in translesional synthesis, in conjunction with the beta clamp from PolIII (By similarity). (405 aa) |
| | topA | DNA topoisomerase I; Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA, which is introduced during the DNA replication and transcription, by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA- (5'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand, thus removing DNA supe [...] (892 aa) |
| | lexA | LexA repressor; Represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage (SOS response), including recA and lexA. In the presence of single-stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair. (240 aa) |
| | tnp | IS30 family transposase. (333 aa) |
| | Atu1495 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (260 aa) |
| | holB | DNA polymerase III, delta prime subunit. (341 aa) |
| | gyrA | DNA gyrase subunit A; A type II topoisomerase that negatively supercoils closed circular double-stranded (ds) DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to modulate DNA topology and maintain chromosomes in an underwound state. Negative supercoiling favors strand separation, and DNA replication, transcription, recombination and repair, all of which involve strand separation. Also able to catalyze the interconversion of other topological isomers of dsDNA rings, including catenanes and knotted rings. Type II topoisomerases break and join 2 DNA strands simultaneously in an ATP-dependent manner. (906 aa) |
| | ssb | Single-strand DNA binding protein; Plays an important role in DNA replication, recombination and repair. Binds to ssDNA and to an array of partner proteins to recruit them to their sites of action during DNA metabolism. (173 aa) |
| | uvrA | ABC excinuclease subunit A; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrA is an ATPase and a DNA-binding protein. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. When the presence of a lesion has been verified by UvrB, the UvrA molecules dissociate. (973 aa) |
| | recJ | single-stranded-DNA-specific exonuclease. (602 aa) |
| | gyrB-2 | DNA gyrase subunit B; Topoisomerase IV is essential for chromosome segregation. It relaxes supercoiled DNA. Performs the decatenation events required during the replication of a circular DNA molecule; Belongs to the type II topoisomerase family. ParE type 1 subfamily. (710 aa) |
| | Atu1714 | Exonuclease III. (265 aa) |
| | nrdE-2 | Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 2 alpha chain; Catalyzes the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. May function to provide a pool of deoxyribonucleotide precursors for DNA repair during oxygen limitation and/or for immediate growth after restoration of oxygen (By similarity). (1272 aa) |
| | mfd | Transcription-repair coupling factor; Couples transcription and DNA repair by recognizing RNA polymerase (RNAP) stalled at DNA lesions. Mediates ATP-dependent release of RNAP and its truncated transcript from the DNA, and recruitment of nucleotide excision repair machinery to the damaged site; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the helicase family. RecG subfamily. (1165 aa) |
| | recG | ATP-dependent DNA helicase; Critical role in recombination and DNA repair. Helps process Holliday junction intermediates to mature products by catalyzing branch migration. Has a DNA unwinding activity characteristic of a DNA helicase with a 3'- to 5'- polarity. Unwinds branched duplex DNA (Y- DNA); Belongs to the helicase family. RecG subfamily. (701 aa) |
| | recA | RecA protein; Can catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of single- stranded DNA, the ATP-dependent uptake of single-stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the ATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs. It interacts with LexA causing its activation and leading to its autocatalytic cleavage; Belongs to the RecA family. (363 aa) |
| | Atu1886 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (208 aa) |
| | Atu1914 | ATPase, AAA family protein. (438 aa) |
| | uvrB | Excinuclease ABC subunit B; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. Upon binding of the UvrA(2)B(2) complex to a putative damaged site, the DNA wraps around one UvrB monomer. DNA wrap is dependent on ATP binding by UvrB and probably causes local melting of the DNA helix, facilitating insertion of UvrB beta-hairpin between the DNA strands. Then UvrB probes one DNA strand for the presence of a lesion. If a lesion is found the UvrA subunits dissociate [...] (988 aa) |
| | dnaJ-3 | Molecular chaperone, DnaJ family. (200 aa) |
| | Atu2026 | Exodeoxyribonuclease V. (375 aa) |
| | Atu2077 | DNA polymerase III, epsilon subunit. (202 aa) |
| | ligA | DNA ligase; DNA ligase that catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester linkages between 5'-phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl groups in double- stranded DNA using NAD as a coenzyme and as the energy source for the reaction. It is essential for DNA replication and repair of damaged DNA. (724 aa) |
| | recN | DNA repair protein RecN; May be involved in recombinational repair of damaged DNA. (557 aa) |
| | tnp-2 | IS3 family transposase. (512 aa) |
| | dnaG | DNA primase; RNA polymerase that catalyzes the synthesis of short RNA molecules used as primers for DNA polymerase during DNA replication. (661 aa) |
| | Atu2180 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (481 aa) |
| | Atu2181 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (410 aa) |
| | tdk | Thymidine kinase. (163 aa) |
| | Atu2440 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (411 aa) |
| | ung | uracil-DNA glycosylase; Excises uracil residues from the DNA which can arise as a result of misincorporation of dUMP residues by DNA polymerase or due to deamination of cytosine. (237 aa) |
| | priA | Primosomal protein N; Involved in the restart of stalled replication forks. Recognizes and binds the arrested nascent DNA chain at stalled replication forks. It can open the DNA duplex, via its helicase activity, and promote assembly of the primosome and loading of the major replicative helicase DnaB onto DNA; Belongs to the helicase family. PriA subfamily. (738 aa) |
| | xerC | Site-specific recombinase; Site-specific tyrosine recombinase, which acts by catalyzing the cutting and rejoining of the recombining DNA molecules. The XerC- XerD complex is essential to convert dimers of the bacterial chromosome into monomers to permit their segregation at cell division. It also contributes to the segregational stability of plasmids. (315 aa) |
| | Atu2655 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (481 aa) |
| | Atu2750 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (345 aa) |
| | Atu2761 | Exodeoxyribonuclease III. (267 aa) |
| | Atu3012 | Hypothetical protein. (229 aa) |
| | dnaE-2 | DNA polymerase III, alpha chain; DNA polymerase involved in damage-induced mutagenesis and translesion synthesis (TLS). It is not the major replicative DNA polymerase. (1091 aa) |
| | Atu3229 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (472 aa) |
| | Atu3230 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (254 aa) |
| | Atu3335 | DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase; Belongs to the DNA glycosylase MPG family. (193 aa) |
| | Atu3516 | NTP pyrophosphohydrolase, MutT family. (137 aa) |
| | alkA | DNA-3-methyladenine glycosidase II. (215 aa) |
| | dnaJ-4 | Molecular chaperone, DnaJ family. (211 aa) |
| | xerD | Site-specific recombinase; Site-specific tyrosine recombinase, which acts by catalyzing the cutting and rejoining of the recombining DNA molecules. The XerC- XerD complex is essential to convert dimers of the bacterial chromosome into monomers to permit their segregation at cell division. It also contributes to the segregational stability of plasmids. (331 aa) |
| | Atu3661 | Hypothetical protein. (219 aa) |
| | Atu3662 | Hypothetical protein. (536 aa) |
| | ruvB | Holliday junction DNA helicase RuvB; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing. (346 aa) |
| | ruvA | Holliday junction DNA helicase RuvA; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing. RuvA stimulates, in the presence of DNA, the weak ATPase activity of RuvB. (205 aa) |
| | ruvC | Holliday Junction Resolvase RuvC; Nuclease that resolves Holliday junction intermediates in genetic recombination. Cleaves the cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA by nicking to strands with the same polarity at sites symmetrically opposed at the junction in the homologous arms and leaves a 5'-terminal phosphate and a 3'-terminal hydroxyl group. (170 aa) |
| | int-2 | Phage-related integrase; Belongs to the 'phage' integrase family. (396 aa) |
| | Atu3849 | Resolvase. (210 aa) |
| | Atu3854 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (699 aa) |
| | repA | Replication protein A. (404 aa) |
| | tnp-3 | IS3 family transposase. (512 aa) |
| | Atu4036 | DNA topoisomerase. (338 aa) |
| | Atu4105 | Hypothetical protein. (513 aa) |
| | Atu4286 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (279 aa) |
| | Atu4287 | NonF-related protein. (230 aa) |
| | Atu4427 | Replicative DNA helicase. (233 aa) |
| | tnp-4 | IS5 family transposase. (345 aa) |
| | nth | Endonuclease III; DNA repair enzyme that has both DNA N-glycosylase activity and AP-lyase activity. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases various damaged pyrimidines from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond, leaving an AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) site. The AP-lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'- phosphate. (260 aa) |
| | ada-2 | 6-O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. (290 aa) |
| | Atu4601 | IS426 transposase. (275 aa) |
| | Atu4603 | IS3 family transposase. (102 aa) |
| | Atu4604 | IS3 family transposase. (309 aa) |
| | Atu4605 | IS3 family transposase. (88 aa) |
| | tnp-5 | Transposase. (91 aa) |
| | ku | Conserved hypothetical protein; With LigD forms a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair enzyme, which repairs dsDNA breaks with reduced fidelity. Binds linear dsDNA with 5'- and 3'- overhangs but not closed circular dsDNA nor ssDNA. Recruits and stimulates the ligase activity of LigD. Belongs to the prokaryotic Ku family. (277 aa) |
| | Atu4632 | ATP-dependent DNA ligase. (771 aa) |
| | phrB | Conserved hypothetical protein; Photolyase involved in the repair of UV-induced (6-4) lesions in DNA. Catalyzes the photoreactivation of (6-4) pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts by using blue-light energy. Can repair (6-4) photoproducts in ssDNA as well as in dsDNA. Belongs to the iron-sulfur bacterial cryptochrome/photolyase (FeS-BCP) family. (507 aa) |
| | traA | Conjugation protein. (1266 aa) |
| | istA | IS21 family transposase. (498 aa) |
| | Atu4889 | Hypothetical protein. (267 aa) |
| | Atu4890 | IS426 transposase. (274 aa) |
| | Atu4891 | IS 426 transposase. (129 aa) |
| | Atu4892 | Hypothetical protein. (697 aa) |
| | tnp-6 | Transposase. (500 aa) |
| | Atu8083 | Conserved hypothetical protein. (270 aa) |
