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| | emrR | Regulator of plasmid mcrB operon (microcin B17 synthesis); Code: K; COG: COG1846. (143 aa) |
| | nhaR | Transcriptional activator of nhaA; Plays a role in the positive regulation of NhaA. Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (299 aa) |
| | hepA | Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase; Transcription regulator that activates transcription by stimulating RNA polymerase (RNAP) recycling in case of stress conditions such as supercoiled DNA or high salt concentrations. Probably acts by releasing the RNAP, when it is trapped or immobilized on tightly supercoiled DNA. Does not activate transcription on linear DNA. Probably not involved in DNA repair; Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. RapA subfamily. (968 aa) |
| | araC | Transcriptional regulator for ara operon; Code: K; COG: COG2207. (292 aa) |
| | yabN | Putative transport protein; Activates the small RNA gene sgrS under glucose-phosphate stress conditions as well as yfdZ. Represses its own transcription under both stress and non-stress conditions. Might act as a sensor of the intracellular accumulation of phosphoglucose by binding these molecules in its C-terminal solute-binding domain. (551 aa) |
| | fruR | Transcriptional repressor of fru operon and others; Global transcriptional regulator, which plays an important role in the regulation of carbon metabolism. (334 aa) |
| | yabB | Conserved hypothetical protein; Negatively regulates its own expression and that of the subsequent genes in the proximal part of the division and cell wall (dcw) gene cluster. Acts by binding directly to DNA. May also regulate the expression of genes outside the dcw cluster. (152 aa) |
| | yacA | Conserved hypothetical protein; Regulates secA expression by translational coupling of the secM secA operon. Translational pausing at a specific Pro residue 5 residues before the end of the protein may allow disruption of a mRNA repressor helix that normally suppresses secA translation initiation. Belongs to the SecM family. (195 aa) |
| | yacG | Conserved hypothetical protein; Inhibits all the catalytic activities of DNA gyrase by preventing its interaction with DNA. Acts by binding directly to the C- terminal domain of GyrB, which probably disrupts DNA binding by the gyrase. (65 aa) |
| | dksA | dnaK suppressor protein; Transcription factor that acts by binding directly to the RNA polymerase (RNAP). Required for negative regulation of rRNA expression and positive regulation of several amino acid biosynthesis promoters. Also required for regulation of fis expression. (151 aa) |
| | tsf | Protein chain elongation factor EF-Ts; Associates with the EF-Tu.GDP complex and induces the exchange of GDP to GTP. It remains bound to the aminoacyl-tRNA.EF- Tu.GTP complex up to the GTP hydrolysis stage on the ribosome (By similarity). (283 aa) |
| | yaeJ | Conserved hypothetical protein; Code: J; COG: COG1186. (140 aa) |
| | yafC | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Code: K; COG: COG0583; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (304 aa) |
| | crl | Transcriptional regulator of cryptic csgA gene for curli surface fibers; Binds to the sigma-S subunit of RNA polymerase, activating expression of sigma-S-regulated genes. Stimulates RNA polymerase holoenzyme formation and may bind to several other sigma factors, such as sigma-70 and sigma-32; Belongs to the Crl family. (133 aa) |
| | phoB | Positive response regulator for pho regulon; This protein is a positive regulator for the phosphate regulon. Transcription of this operon is positively regulated by PhoB and PhoR when phosphate is limited. (229 aa) |
| | ybaD | Conserved hypothetical protein; Negatively regulates transcription of bacterial ribonucleotide reductase nrd genes and operons by binding to NrdR- boxes; Belongs to the NrdR family. (149 aa) |
| | nusB | Transcription termination factor NusB; Involved in transcription antitermination. Required for transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Binds specifically to the boxA antiterminator sequence of the ribosomal RNA (rrn) operons. (139 aa) |
| | ybbI | Putative transcriptional regulator; Regulates the transcription of the copA and cueO genes. It detects cytoplasmic copper stress and activates transcription in response to increasing copper concentrations (By similarity). (135 aa) |
| | yidZ_2 | IS150 ORF1(ORF A); Code: L; COG: COG2963; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (160 aa) |
| | ybdO | lysR-family transcriptional regulator-like protein; Code: K; COG: COG0583; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (300 aa) |
| | rnk | Regulator of nucleoside diphosphate kinase; May act as an anti-Gre factor; Belongs to the Rnk family. (136 aa) |
| | modE | Molybdate uptake regulatory protein; The ModE-Mo complex acts as a repressor of the modABC operon, involved in the transport of molybdate. Upon binding molybdate, the conformation of the protein changes, promoting dimerization of ModE-Mo. The protein dimer is then competent to bind a DNA region, upstream of the modABC operon. Acts also as an enhancer of the expression of genes coding for molybdoenzymes, both directly and indirectly (By similarity). (262 aa) |
| | seqA | Negative modulator of initiation of replication; Negative regulator of replication initiation, which contributes to regulation of DNA replication and ensures that replication initiation occurs exactly once per chromosome per cell cycle. Binds to pairs of hemimethylated GATC sequences in the oriC region, thus preventing assembly of replication proteins and re- initiation at newly replicated origins. Repression is relieved when the region becomes fully methylated. (181 aa) |
| | ybfE | Conserved hypothetical protein. (120 aa) |
| | fur | Negative regulator; Acts as a global negative controlling element, employing Fe(2+) as a cofactor to bind the operator of the repressed genes. Regulates the expression of several outer-membrane proteins including the iron transport operon (By similarity). (148 aa) |
| | nagC | Transcriptional repressor of nag (N-acetylglucosamine) operon; Acts as a repressor of the nagEBACD operon and acts both as an activator and a repressor for the transcription of the glmSU operon. (406 aa) |
| | ybeB | Conserved hypothetical protein; Functions as a ribosomal silencing factor. Interacts with ribosomal protein L14 (rplN), blocking formation of intersubunit bridge B8. Prevents association of the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits and the formation of functional ribosomes, thus repressing translation. (69 aa) |
| | ybeF | lysR-family transcriptional regulator; Code: K; COG: COG0583; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (266 aa) |
| | ipaH_1 | Invasion plasmid antigen; Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that interferes with host's ubiquitination pathway. (587 aa) |
| | cspD | Cold shock protein; Inhibits DNA replication at both initiation and elongation steps, most probably by binding to the opened, single-stranded regions at replication forks. Plays a regulatory role in chromosomal replication in nutrient-depleted cells (By similarity). (74 aa) |
| | infA | Protein chain initiation factor IF-1; One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. Stabilizes the binding of IF-2 and IF-3 on the 30S subunit to which N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet) subsequently binds. Helps modulate mRNA selection, yielding the 30S pre-initiation complex (PIC). Upon addition of the 50S ribosomal subunit IF-1, IF-2 and IF-3 are released leaving the mature 70S translation initiation complex. (72 aa) |
| | lrp | Regulator for leucine (or lrp) regulon and high-affinity branched-chain amino acid transport system; Mediates a global response to leucine. Exogenous leucine affects the expression of a number of different operons; lrp mediates this effect for at least some of these operons. For example it is regulator of the branched-chain amino acid transport genes (By similarity). (164 aa) |
| | himD | Integration host factor (IHF), beta subunit; This protein is one of the two subunits of integration host factor, a specific DNA-binding protein that functions in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational control. Belongs to the bacterial histone-like protein family. (94 aa) |
| | ycbG | Putative dehydrogenase; Required for spatial organization of the terminus region of the chromosome (Ter macrodomain) during the cell cycle. Prevents early segregation of duplicated Ter macrodomains during cell division. Binds specifically to matS, which is a 13 bp signature motif repeated within the Ter macrodomain. (134 aa) |
| | ycdC | Putative tet operon regulator; Master transcription regulator which represses the degradation of pyrimidines (rutABCDEFG) and purines (gcl operon) for maintenance of metabolic balance between pyrimidines and purines. It also regulates the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and arginine from glutamine (carAB) and the supply of glutamate (gadABWX) (By similarity). (212 aa) |
| | flgM | Flagellar protein FlgM; Responsible for the coupling of flagellin expression to flagellar assembly by preventing expression of the flagellin genes when a component of the middle class of proteins is defective. It negatively regulates flagellar genes by inhibiting the activity of FliA by directly binding to FliA (By similarity). (97 aa) |
| | phoP | Transcriptional regulatory protein; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoQ/PhoP involved in virulence and adaptation to low Mg(2+) environments. Necessary for resistance to killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMP) they produce. (223 aa) |
| | umuD | Protein UmuD; Involved in UV protection and mutation. Essential for induced (or SOS) mutagenesis. May modify the DNA replication machinery to allow bypass synthesis across a damaged template (By similarity). (139 aa) |
| | fadR | Negative regulator for fad regulon, and positive activator of fabA; Multifunctional regulator of fatty acid metabolism. (239 aa) |
| | qseF_2 | Putative sensor-type regulator; Code: Q; COG: COG3284. (642 aa) |
| | prfA | Peptide chain release factor RF-1; Peptide chain release factor 1 directs the termination of translation in response to the peptide chain termination codons UAG and UAA. (360 aa) |
| | narL | Nitrate/nitrite response regulator protein NarL; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins. (216 aa) |
| | hnr | Hnr protein; Regulates the turnover of the sigma S factor (RpoS) by promoting its proteolysis in exponentially growing cells. Acts by binding and delivering RpoS to the ClpXP protease. RssB is not co- degraded with RpoS, but is released from the complex and can initiate a new cycle of RpoS recognition and degradation. (337 aa) |
| | hns | DNA-binding protein HLP-II (HU, BH2, HD, NS); A DNA-binding protein implicated in transcriptional repression and chromosome organization and compaction. Binds nucleation sites in AT-rich DNA and bridges them, forming higher-order nucleoprotein complexes and condensing the chromosome. As many horizontally transferred genes are AT-rich, it plays a central role in silencing foreign genes. A subset of genes are repressed by H-NS in association with other proteins (By similarity). (137 aa) |
| | yciH | Conserved hypothetical protein; Code: J; COG: COG0023. (109 aa) |
| | rnb | Exoribonuclease 2; Involved in mRNA degradation. Hydrolyzes single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3' to 5' direction. (644 aa) |
| | ycjW | LacI family transcriptional regulator; Similar to Escherichia coli K12 outer membrane protein gi: 1787579 (302 aa). BLAST with identity of 98% in 301 aa. This CDS has been truncated. The sequence has been checked and is believed to be correct. (332 aa) |
| | yebJ | YebJ; RNA chaperone with significant RNA binding, RNA strand exchange and RNA duplexing activities. May regulate ProP activity through an RNA-based, post-transcriptional mechanism. Belongs to the ProQ family. (232 aa) |
| | glpR_1 | Putative DEOR-type transcriptional regulator; Code: KG; COG: COG1349. (252 aa) |
| | infC | Protein chain initiation factor IF-3; IF-3 binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and shifts the equilibrum between 70S ribosomes and their 50S and 30S subunits in favor of the free subunits, thus enhancing the availability of 30S subunits on which protein synthesis initiation begins. (144 aa) |
| | himA | Integration host factor (IHF), alpha subunit; This protein is one of the two subunits of integration host factor, a specific DNA-binding protein that functions in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational control. Belongs to the bacterial histone-like protein family. (99 aa) |
| | ydeO | Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Induces the expression of gadE. Could also regulate the expression of other genes involved in acid resistance (By similarity). (253 aa) |
| | relB | Negative regulator of translation; Antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Counteracts the effect of RelE via direct protein-protein interaction, enabling the reversion of translation inhibition. Also acts as an autorepressor of relBE transcription. Increased transcription rate of relBE and activation of relE is consistent with a lower level of RelB in starved cells due to degradation of RelB by protease Lon (By similarity). (79 aa) |
| | ydfH | Conserved hypothetical protein; Code: K; COG: COG1802. (212 aa) |
| | marA | Transcriptional activator of defense systems; May be a transcriptional activator of genes involved in the multiple antibiotic resistance (Mar) phenotype. It can also activate genes such as sodA, zwf and micF (By similarity). (127 aa) |
| | slyA | Transcriptional regulator; Transcription regulator that can specifically activate or repress expression of target genes; Belongs to the SlyA family. (146 aa) |
| | purR | Transcriptional repressor for pur regulon, glyA, glnB, prsA, speA; Is the main repressor of the genes involved in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, regulating purB, purC, purEK, purF, purHD, purL, purMN and guaBA expression. PurR is allosterically activated to bind its cognate DNA by binding the purine corepressors, hypoxanthine or guanine, thereby effecting transcription repression. (311 aa) |
| | yncC | Conserved hypothetical protein; Code: K; COG: COG1802. (240 aa) |
| | fnr | Global transcription regulator Fnr; Global transcription factor that controls the expression of over 100 target genes in response to anoxia. It facilitates the adaptation to anaerobic growth conditions by regulating the expression of gene products that are involved in anaerobic energy metabolism. When the terminal electron acceptor, O(2), is no longer available, it represses the synthesis of enzymes involved in aerobic respiration and increases the synthesis of enzymes required for anaerobic respiration (By similarity). (250 aa) |
| | flhC | Flagellar transcriptional activator FlhC; Functions in complex with FlhD as a master transcriptional regulator that regulates transcription of several flagellar and non- flagellar operons by binding to their promoter region. Activates expression of class 2 flagellar genes, including fliA, which is a flagellum-specific sigma factor that turns on the class 3 genes. Also regulates genes whose products function in a variety of physiological pathways; Belongs to the FlhC family. (192 aa) |
| | uvrY | Putative 2-component transcriptional regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system UvrY/BarA involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism via the CsrA/CsrB regulatory system. UvrY activates the transcription of the untranslated csrB RNA and of barA, in an autoregulatory loop. Mediates the effects of CsrA on csrB RNA by BarA-dependent and BarA-independent mechanisms (By similarity). (218 aa) |
| | yedW | Putative 2-component transcriptional regulator; Code: TK; COG: COG0745. (223 aa) |
| | yeeN | Conserved hypothetical protein; Code: S; COG: COG0217. (238 aa) |
| | yeeY | Putative LYSR-type transcriptional regulator; Code: K; COG: COG0583; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (327 aa) |
| | yohL | Conserved hypothetical protein; Code: S; COG: COG1937. (90 aa) |
| | yeiE | Putative LYSR-type transcriptional regulator; Code: K; COG: COG0583; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (293 aa) |
| | yeiP | Putative elongation factor; Code: J; COG: COG0231; Belongs to the elongation factor P family. (275 aa) |
| | narP | Nitrate/nitrite response regulator (sensor NarQ); Code: TK; COG: COG2197. (215 aa) |
| | rcsB | Positive response regulator for colanic capsule biosynthesis, (sensor, RcsC); Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsB is the response regulator that binds to regulatory DNA regions. Can function both in an RcsA-dependent or RcsA-independent manner. (216 aa) |
| | cscR | Sucrose specific repressor; Repressor for the csc operon. Binds D-fructose as an inducer (By similarity). (352 aa) |
| | evgA | Putative positive transcription regulator (sensor EvgS); Member of the two-component regulatory system EvgS/EvgA. Regulates the expression of emrKY operon and yfdX. Seems also to control expression of at least one other multidrug efflux operon (By similarity). (204 aa) |
| | yfeR | Putative LYSR-type transcriptional regulator; Code: K; COG: COG0583; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (308 aa) |
| | yfeT | Conserved hypothetical protein; Represses the expression of the murPQ operon involved in the uptake and degradation of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). Binds to two adjacent inverted repeats within the operator region. MurNAc 6- phosphate, the substrate of MurQ, is the specific inducer that weakens binding of MurR to the operator. (333 aa) |
| | gcvR | Transcriptional regulation of gcv operon; Possible negative transcriptional regulator of the glycine cleavage system operon (GCV). (190 aa) |
| | iscR | Conserved hypothetical protein; Regulates the transcription of several operons and genes involved in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters and Fe-S-containing proteins. (162 aa) |
| | hcaR | Transcriptional activator of hca cluster; Code: K; COG: COG0583; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (296 aa) |
| | lepA | GTP-binding elongation factor; Required for accurate and efficient protein synthesis under certain stress conditions. May act as a fidelity factor of the translation reaction, by catalyzing a one-codon backward translocation of tRNAs on improperly translocated ribosomes. Back-translocation proceeds from a post-translocation (POST) complex to a pre- translocation (PRE) complex, thus giving elongation factor G a second chance to translocate the tRNAs correctly. Binds to ribosomes in a GTP- dependent manner. (599 aa) |
| | rpoE | sigma-E factor of RNA polymerase; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to specific initiation sites and are then released. Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma-E controls the envelope stress response, responding to periplasmic protein stress, increased levels of periplasmic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as heat shock and oxidative stress; it controls protein processing in the extracytoplasmic compartment (By similarity). (191 aa) |
| | yfiA | Putative yhbH sigma 54 modulator; During stationary phase, prevents 70S dimer formation, probably in order to regulate translation efficiency during transition between the exponential and the stationary phases. In addition, during environmental stress such as cold shock or excessive cell density at stationary phase, stabilizes the 70S ribosome against dissociation, inhibits translation initiation and increase translation accuracy. When normal growth conditions are restored, is quickly released from the ribosome (By similarity). (113 aa) |
| | stpA | DNA-binding protein; A DNA-binding protein that acts in a fashion similar to H-NS, repressing gene transcription. A subset of H-NS/StpA-regulated genes require auxillary proteins for repression; these auxillary proteins (Hha and other similar proteins) may also modulate oligomerization of the H-NS/StpA complex (By similarity). (134 aa) |
| | csrA | Carbon storage regulator; A key translational regulator that binds mRNA to regulate translation initiation and/or mRNA stability. Mediates global changes in gene expression, shifting from rapid growth to stress survival by linking envelope stress, the stringent response and the catabolite repression systems. Usually binds in the 5'-UTR; binding at or near the Shine-Dalgarno sequence prevents ribosome-binding, repressing translation, binding elsewhere in the 5'-UTR can activate translation and/or stabilize the mRNA. Its function is antagonized by small RNA(s). (61 aa) |
| | ygaA | Putative 2-component transcriptional regulator; Required for the expression of anaerobic nitric oxide (NO) reductase, acts as a transcriptional activator for at least the norVW operon. Activation also requires sigma-54. (529 aa) |
| | ygbI | DEOR-type transcriptional regulator; Similar to Escherichia coli K12 protein phosphatase 2 gi: 1789090 (219 aa). BLAST with identity of 95% in 218 aa. This CDS contains an in-frame stop codon. The sequence has been checked and is believed to be correct. (265 aa) |
| | rpoS | sigmaD(70) factor of RNA polymerase-like protein; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the master transcriptional regulator of the stationary phase and the general stress response. (342 aa) |
| | fucR | Positive regulator of the fuc operon; Transcriptional activator of the fuc operon. (243 aa) |
| | galR | Repressor of galETK operon; Code: K; COG: COG1609. (343 aa) |
| | iciA | HTH-type transcriptional regulator ArgP; Controls the transcription of genes involved in arginine and lysine metabolism; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (297 aa) |
| | ygjM | Conserved hypothetical protein; Antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Functions as an mRNA interferase antitoxin. Belongs to the HigA antitoxin family. (138 aa) |
| | exuR | Negative regulator of exu regulon, exuT, uxaAC, and uxuB; Repressor for the exu regulon that encode genes involved in hexuronate utilization. It regulates the ExuT, UxaCA and UxuRAB operons. Binds D-tagaturonate and D-fructuronate as inducers (By similarity). (258 aa) |
| | tdcA | Transcriptional activator of tdc operon; Transcriptional activator for the tdcABCDE operon. Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (312 aa) |
| | pnp | Polynucleotide phosphorylase; Involved in mRNA degradation. Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3'- to 5'- direction. (734 aa) |
| | infB | Protein chain initiation factor IF-2; One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. Protects formylmethionyl-tRNA from spontaneous hydrolysis and promotes its binding to the 30S ribosomal subunits. Also involved in the hydrolysis of GTP during the formation of the 70S ribosomal complex; Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. IF-2 subfamily. (882 aa) |
| | nusA | Transcription pausing; Participates in both transcription termination and antitermination. (495 aa) |
| | greA | Transcription elongation factor; Necessary for efficient RNA polymerase transcription elongation past template-encoded arresting sites. The arresting sites in DNA have the property of trapping a certain fraction of elongating RNA polymerases that pass through, resulting in locked ternary complexes. Cleavage of the nascent transcript by cleavage factors such as GreA or GreB allows the resumption of elongation from the new 3'terminus. GreA releases sequences of 2 to 3 nucleotides. (158 aa) |
| | yhbH | Probable sigma-54 modulation protein; During stationary phase, promotes and stabilizes dimerization of 70S ribosomes by the ribosome modulation factor (RMF), leading to the formation of inactive 100S ribosomes. (95 aa) |
| | arcB | Histidine protein kinase/phosphatase, aerobic respiration sensor-response protein, sensor for arcA; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Sensor-regulator protein for anaerobic repression of the arc modulon. Activates ArcA via a four-step phosphorelay. ArcB can also dephosphorylate ArcA by a reverse phosphorelay involving His-717 and Asp-576 (By similarity). (778 aa) |
| | yhcK | Putative FADA-type transcriptional regulator; Transcriptional repressor that controls expression of the genes required for the catabolism of sialic acids. (260 aa) |
| | argR | Repressor of arg regulon; Regulates arginine biosynthesis genes; Belongs to the ArgR family. (156 aa) |
| | fis | Site-specific DNA inversion stimulation factor; Activates ribosomal RNA transcription. Plays a direct role in upstream activation of rRNA promoters; Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family. (98 aa) |
| | sun | Conserved hypothetical protein; Specifically methylates the cytosine at position 967 (m5C967) of 16S rRNA. (429 aa) |
| | tufA | Protein chain elongation factor EF-Tu (duplicate of tufB); This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl- tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. (394 aa) |
| | fusA | GTP-binding protein chain elongation factor EF-G; Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome; Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase fa [...] (704 aa) |
| | crp | Cyclic AMP receptor protein; A global transcription regulator. Complexes with cyclic AMP (cAMP) which allosterically activates DNA binding to regulate transcription. It can act as an activator, repressor, coactivator or corepressor. Induces a severe bend in DNA. Acts as a negative regulator of its own synthesis as well as for adenylate cyclase (cyaA), which generates cAMP. Plays a major role in carbon catabolite repression (CCR) (By similarity). (210 aa) |
| | yhfR | Putative transcriptional regulator; May regulate the transcription of the frlABCDR operon, involved in the utilization of fructoselysine and psicoselysine. (265 aa) |
| | yhfY | Conserved hypothetical protein. (134 aa) |
| | ompR | Response regulator (sensor, EnvZ); Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in regulating expression of the outer membrane porins OmpC and OmpF as well as other genes. Unlike E.coli, OmpC is expressed at both low and high osmolarity, while OmpF is expressed at low osmolarity (By similarity). This two-component system plays a role in virulence (By similarity). (239 aa) |
| | glpR | Repressor of the glp operon; Repressor of the glycerol-3-phosphate regulon. (252 aa) |
| | yhhG | Conserved hypothetical protein; Transcriptional repressor of the nikABCDE operon. Is active in the presence of excessive concentrations of intracellular nickel (By similarity). (133 aa) |
| | yhiF | Conserved hypothetical protein; May act as a transcriptional regulator of dctA. (176 aa) |
| | yhiE | Conserved hypothetical protein; Regulates the expression of several genes involved in acid resistance. Required for the expression of gadA and gadBC, among others, regardless of media or growth conditions. Binds directly to the 20 bp GAD box found in the control regions of both loci (By similarity). (175 aa) |
| | yhjB | LuxR family transcriptional regulator; Similar to Shigella flexneri conserved hypothetical protein ref: NP_085397.1 (448 aa). BLAST with identity of 77% in 448 aa. This CDS contains an in-frame stop codon. The sequence has been checked and is believed to be correct. (200 aa) |
| | yhiX | Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Positively regulates the expression of about fifteen genes involved in acid resistance such as gadA, gadB and gadC. Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), can repress gadW (By similarity). (274 aa) |
| | yhiW | Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), acts as a positive or negative regulator of gadA and gadBC. Repression occurs directly or via the repression of the expression of gadX. Activation occurs directly by the binding of GadW to the gadA and gadBC promoters (By similarity). (242 aa) |
| | selB | selenocysteinyl-tRNA-specific translation factor; Code: J; COG: COG3276. (614 aa) |
| | selA | Selenocysteine synthase: L-seryl-tRNA (Ser) selenium transferase; Converts seryl-tRNA(Sec) to selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) required for selenoprotein biosynthesis; Belongs to the SelA family. (463 aa) |
| | lldR | Transcriptional regulator; May be a regulatory protein for the LCT genes. (258 aa) |
| | phoU | Negative regulator for pho regulon and putative enzyme in phosphate metabolism; Part of the phosphate (Pho) regulon, which plays a key role in phosphate homeostasis. Encoded together with proteins of the phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system in the polycistronic pstSCAB- phoU operon. PhoU is essential for the repression of the Pho regulon at high phosphate conditions. In this role, it may bind, possibly as a chaperone, to PhoR, PhoB or a PhoR-PhoB complex to promote dephosphorylation of phospho-PhoB, or inhibit formation of the PhoR- PhoB transitory complex (By similarity). (241 aa) |
| | bglG | Positive regulation of bgl operon. (273 aa) |
| | yidP | Putative transcriptional regulator; Code: K; COG: COG2188. (224 aa) |
| | yidL | Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Similar to Escherichia coli K12 probable 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase gi: 1790115 (213 aa). BLAST with identity of 98% in 213 aa. This CDS ontains frameshift. The sequence has been checked and is believed to be correct. (297 aa) |
| | uhpA | Response regulator; Part of the UhpABC signaling cascade that controls the expression of the hexose phosphate transporter UhpT. Activates the transcription of the uhpT gene. Acts by binding specifically to the uhpT promoter region. (196 aa) |
| | asnC | Regulator for asnA, asnC and gidA; Activator of asnA transcription; autogenous regulator of its own transcription; and repressor of the expression of gidA at a post- transcriptional level. (152 aa) |
| | rbsR | Regulator for rbs operon; Transcriptional repressor for the ribose rbsDACBK operon. RbsR binds to a region of perfect dyad symmetry spanning the rbs operon transcriptional start site. The affinity for the rbs operator is reduced by addition of ribose, consistent with ribose being the inducer of the operon (By similarity). (327 aa) |
| | yieP | Conserved hypothetical protein; Code: K; COG: COG2186. (182 aa) |
| | yifA | Conserved hypothetical protein; Negatively regulates the transcription of the flagellar master operon flhDC by binding to the upstream region of the operon. (279 aa) |
| | ilvY | ilvC positive regulator; Code: K; COG: COG0583. (296 aa) |
| | metR | Regulator for metE and metH; Control of the last step in methionine biosynthesis; MetR is a positive activator of the metA, metE and metH genes. It is also a negative regulator of its own expression (By similarity). Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (317 aa) |
| | glnL | Histidine protein kinase sensor for GlnG regulator (nitrogen regulator II, NRII); Member of the two-component regulatory system NtrB/NtrC, which controls expression of the nitrogen-regulated (ntr) genes in response to nitrogen limitation. Under conditions of nitrogen limitation, NtrB autophosphorylates and transfers the phosphoryl group to NtrC. In the presence of nitrogen, acts as a phosphatase that dephosphorylates and inactivates NtrC. (349 aa) |
| | yihL | Putative transcriptional regulator; Code: K; COG: COG2188. (236 aa) |
| | yiiE | Conserved hypothetical protein; Belongs to the YiiE family. (81 aa) |
| | yiiF | Conserved hypothetical protein; To E.coli YiiE. (80 aa) |
| | rhaS | Positive regulator for rhaBAD operon; Activates expression of the rhaBAD and rhaT operons. (278 aa) |
| | rhaR | Positive regulator for rhaRS operon; Activates expression of the rhaSR operon in response to L- rhamnose. (312 aa) |
| | cpxR | Transcriptional regulator in 2-component system; Member of the two-component regulatory system CpxA/CpxR. This system combats a variety of extracytoplasmic protein-mediated toxicities. It performs this function by increasing the synthesis of the periplasmic protease, DegP as well as that of CpxP protein (By similarity). (232 aa) |
| | cytR | Regulator for deo operon, udp, cdd, tsx, nupC, and nupG; This protein negatively controls the transcription initiation of genes such as deoCABD, udp, and cdd encoding catabolizing enzymes and nupC, nupG, and tsx encoding transporting and pore-forming proteins. Binds cytidine and adenosine as effectors (By similarity). (341 aa) |
| | metJ | Repressor of all met genes but metF; This regulatory protein, when combined with SAM (S- adenosylmethionine) represses the expression of the methionine regulon and of enzymes involved in SAM synthesis; Belongs to the MetJ family. (105 aa) |
| | yijO | Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Code: K; COG: COG2207. (283 aa) |
| | oxyR | Activator of hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes OxyR; Code: K; COG: COG0583; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (305 aa) |
| | yijC | Conserved hypothetical protein; Represses the transcription of fabB, involved in unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) biosynthesis. By controlling UFA production, FabR directly influences the physical properties of the membrane bilayer. (234 aa) |
| | birA | Biotin-[acetyl CoA carboxylase] holoenzyme synthetase and biotin operon repressor; Acts both as a biotin--[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase and a biotin-operon repressor. In the presence of ATP, BirA activates biotin to form the BirA-biotinyl-5'-adenylate (BirA-bio-5'-AMP or holoBirA) complex. HoloBirA can either transfer the biotinyl moiety to the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, or bind to the biotin operator site and inhibit transcription of the operon. (321 aa) |
| | nusG | Component in transcription antitermination; Participates in transcription elongation, termination and antitermination. In the absence of Rho, increases the rate of transcription elongation by the RNA polymerase (RNAP), probably by partially suppressing pausing. In the presence of Rho, modulates most Rho-dependent termination events by interacting with the RNAP to render the complex more susceptible to the termination activity of Rho. May be required to overcome a kinetic limitation of Rho to function at certain terminators. Also involved in ribosomal RNA transcriptional antitermination [...] (181 aa) |
| | rplA | 50S ribosomal subunit protein L1; Binds directly to 23S rRNA. The L1 stalk is quite mobile in the ribosome, and is involved in E site tRNA release. (226 aa) |
| | rplJ | 50S ribosomal subunit protein L10; Protein L10 is also a translational repressor protein. It controls the translation of the rplJL-rpoBC operon by binding to its mRNA (By similarity); Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family. (165 aa) |
| | yjaE | Putative transcriptional regulator; Binds RpoD and negatively regulates RpoD-mediated transcription activation by preventing the interaction between the primary sigma factor RpoD with the catalytic core of the RNA polymerase and with promoter DNA. May be involved in replacement of the RNA polymerase sigma subunit from RpoD to RpoS during the transition from exponential growth to the stationary phase. (158 aa) |
| | hydG | Response regulator of hydrogenase 3 activity (sensor HydH); Code: T; COG: COG2204. (441 aa) |
| | yjdH | Putative 2-component sensor protein; Member of the two-component regulatory system DcuR/DcuS. Involved in the C4-dicarboxylate-stimulated regulation of the genes encoding the anaerobic fumarate respiratory system (frdABCD; nuoAN; dcuB; dcuC; sdhCDAB; etc.). Weakly regulates the aerobic C4- dicarboxylate transporter dctA. Activates DcuR by phosphorylation (By similarity). (543 aa) |
| | yjdG | Putative 2-component transcriptional regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system DcuR/DcuS. Involved in the C4-dicarboxylate-stimulated regulation of the genes encoding the anaerobic fumarate respiratory system (frdABCD; nuoAN; dcuB; dcuC; sdhCDAB; etc.). Weakly regulates the aerobic C4- dicarboxylate transporter dctA (By similarity). (239 aa) |
| | soxR | Redox-sensing activator of soxS; Activates the transcription of the soxS gene which itself controls the superoxide response regulon. SoxR contains a 2Fe-2S iron- sulfur cluster that may act as a redox sensor system that recognizes superoxide. The variable redox state of the Fe-S cluster is employed in vivo to modulate the transcriptional activity of SoxR in response to specific types of oxidative stress. Upon reduction of 2Fe-2S cluster, SoxR reversibly loses its transcriptional activity, but retains its DNA binding affinity (By similarity). (154 aa) |
| | yjbK | Putative regulator; Acts as a negative controlling element, employing Zn(2+) as a cofactor to bind the operator of the repressed genes (znuACB). (191 aa) |
| | lexA | Regulator for SOS(lexA) regulon; Represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage (SOS response), including recA and lexA. Binds to the 16 bp palindromic sequence 5'-CTGTATATATATACAG-3'. In the presence of single- stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair. (202 aa) |
| | yjiD | Conserved hypothetical protein; Inhibits RpoS proteolysis by regulating RssB activity, thereby increasing the stability of the sigma stress factor RpoS during oxidative stress. Its effect on RpoS stability is due to its interaction with RssB, which probably blocks the interaction of RssB with RpoS, and the consequent delivery of the RssB-RpoS complex to the ClpXP protein degradation pathway. (133 aa) |
| | uxuR | Regulator for uxu operon; Code: K; COG: COG2186. (257 aa) |
| | efp | Elongation factor P (EF-P); Involved in peptide bond synthesis. Alleviates ribosome stalling that occurs when 3 or more consecutive Pro residues or the sequence PPG is present in a protein, possibly by augmenting the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome. Modification of Lys-34 is required for alleviation; Belongs to the elongation factor P family. (188 aa) |
| | hfq | Host factor I for bacteriophage Q beta replication; RNA chaperone that binds small regulatory RNA (sRNAs) and mRNAs to facilitate mRNA translational regulation in response to envelope stress, environmental stress and changes in metabolite concentrations. Also binds with high specificity to tRNAs. Belongs to the Hfq family. (102 aa) |
| | yjeB | Conserved hypothetical protein; Nitric oxide-sensitive repressor of genes involved in protecting the cell against nitrosative stress. May require iron for activity. (141 aa) |
| | yjfQ | Putative DEOR-type transcriptional regulator; Represses ulaG and the ulaABCDEF operon. (251 aa) |
| | hpaA | Putative 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase operon regulatory protein; Code: K; COG: COG2207. (296 aa) |
| | hpcR | Regulator of the 4HPA-hydroxylase operon; Repressor for the homoprotocatechuate catabolic pathway hpc operon. (148 aa) |
| | prfC | Peptide chain release factor RF-3; Increases the formation of ribosomal termination complexes and stimulates activities of RF-1 and RF-2. It binds guanine nucleotides and has strong preference for UGA stop codons. It may interact directly with the ribosome. The stimulation of RF-1 and RF-2 is significantly reduced by GTP and GDP, but not by GMP. Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. PrfC subfamily. (529 aa) |
| | yjjK | Putative ATP-binding component of a transport system; A translation factor that gates the progression of the 70S ribosomal initiation complex (IC, containing tRNA(fMet) in the P-site) into the translation elongation cycle by using a mechanism sensitive to the ATP/ADP ratio. Binds to the 70S ribosome E-site where it modulates the state of the translating ribosome during subunit translocation. ATP hydrolysis probably frees it from the ribosome, which can enter the elongation phase; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCF family. Translational throttle EttA subfamily. (555 aa) |
| | trpR | Regulator for trp operon and aroH; This protein is an aporepressor. When complexed with L- tryptophan it binds the operator region of the trp operon (5'- ACTAGT-'3') and prevents the initiation of transcription. The complex also regulates trp repressor biosynthesis by binding to its regulatory region (By similarity). (108 aa) |
| | rob | Right origin-binding protein; Binds to the right arm of the replication origin oriC of the chromosome. Rob binding may influence the formation of the nucleoprotein structure, required for oriC function in the initiation of replication (By similarity). (289 aa) |
| | arcA | Negative response regulator of genes in aerobic pathways (sensors, ArcB and CpxA); Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Represses a wide variety of aerobic enzymes under anaerobic conditions. It also may be involved in the osmoregulation of envelope proteins. When activated by ArcB, it negatively regulates the expression of genes of aerobic function. Activates the transcription of the plfB operon by binding to its promoter (By similarity). (238 aa) |
