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dacA dacA divIC divIC pbpC pbpC ddl ddl murF murF alrA alrA lytE lytE pbpF pbpF sigI sigI rsgI rsgI pbpH pbpH mreBH mreBH ftsW ftsW mraZ mraZ mraW mraW ftsL ftsL pbpB pbpB spoVD spoVD murE murE mraY mraY murD murD spoVE spoVE murG murG murB murB divIB divIB ftsA ftsA ftsZ ftsZ sepF sepF divIVA divIVA dacC dacC yodJ yodJ gpsB gpsB ponA ponA dacB dacB dacF dacF pbpA pbpA comN comN minD minD minC minC mreD mreD mreC mreC mreB mreB radC radC maf maf yshA yshA ezrA ezrA refZ refZ murC murC pbpD pbpD cwlO cwlO minJ minJ ftsX ftsX ftsE ftsE mbl mbl murAA murAA racA racA murAB murAB pbpG pbpG rodA rodA
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
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gene neighborhood
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gene co-occurrence
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textmining
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dacAD-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase (penicillin-binding protein 5); Removes C-terminal D-alanyl residues from sugar-peptide cell wall precursors; Belongs to the peptidase S11 family. (443 aa)
divICCell-division initiation protein; Required for vegetative and sporulation septum formation. Required for the activation of genes expressed under the control of the sporulation transcription factors sigma F and sigma E. (125 aa)
pbpCPenicillin-binding lipoprotein 3; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type lp: lipoprotein. (668 aa)
ddlD-alanyl-D-alanine ligase A; Cell wall formation. (354 aa)
murFUDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamyl-2, 6-diaminopimelate-D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase; Involved in cell wall formation. Catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide, the precursor of murein; Belongs to the MurCDEF family. MurF subfamily. (457 aa)
alrAD-alanine racemase; Catalyzes the interconversion of L-alanine and D-alanine. May also act on other amino acids; Belongs to the alanine racemase family. (389 aa)
lytECell wall hydrolase; Cell wall hydrolase that cleaves gamma-D-glutamate-meso- diaminopimelate bonds in peptidoglycan (By similarity). Seems to play a role in cell separation during vegetative growth. (334 aa)
pbpFPenicillin-binding protein 2C required for spore germination; Cell wall formation. May be involved in outgrowth of the germinated spore or it could function in the synthesis of the germ cell wall; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 51 family. (714 aa)
sigIRNA polymerase sigma factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in regulation of cell wall metabolism in response to heat stress. Acts by regulating the expression of genes such as bcrC, mreBH and lytE. Also plays a role in survival at low temperatures. Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. SigI subfamily. (251 aa)
rsgIsigmaI modulating factor; Anti-sigma factor for SigI. Negatively regulates SigI activity through direct interaction. (381 aa)
pbpHPenicillin-binding enzyme for formation of rod-shaped peptidoglycan cell wall; Involved in the polymerization of peptidoglycan. Plays a redundant role with PBP2a in determining the rod shape of the cell during vegetative growth and spore outgrowth. Belongs to the transpeptidase family. (704 aa)
mreBHCell-shape determining protein; Forms membrane-associated dynamic filaments that are essential for cell shape determination. Acts by regulating cell wall synthesis and cell elongation, and thus cell shape. A feedback loop between cell geometry and MreBH localization may maintain elongated cell shape by targeting cell wall growth to regions of negative cell wall curvature (By similarity). Filaments rotate around the cell circumference in concert with the cell wall synthesis enzymes. The process is driven by the cell wall synthesis machinery and does not depend on MreBH polymerization. O [...] (335 aa)
ftsWCell-division protein; Peptidoglycan polymerase that is essential for cell division. (403 aa)
mraZPutative protein involved in cell division or replication; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type cp: cell process; Belongs to the MraZ family. (143 aa)
mraWS-adenosyl-dependent methyltransferase active on membrane-located substrates; Specifically methylates the N4 position of cytidine in position 1402 (C1402) of 16S rRNA. (311 aa)
ftsLCell-division protein; Essential cell division protein that may play a structural role. Probably involved in the regulation of the timing of cell division. Also required for sporulation. (117 aa)
pbpBPenicillin-binding protein 2B; Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) function in the late steps of murein biosynthesis. PBP-2B is required for vegetative cell division and sporulation septation. Beta-lactamase inactivates the PBPs by acylating an essential serine residue in the active site of these proteins, thereby interrupting normal cell wall synthesis; Belongs to the transpeptidase family. (716 aa)
spoVDPenicillin-binding protein; Penicillin-binding protein with an unknown catalytic activity. May have a specialized role in the morphogenesis of spore cortex, which is a modified form of peptidoglycan. Pore cortex formation is determined primarily by the mother cell. (646 aa)
murEUDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamate-2, 6-diaminopimelate ligase; Catalyzes the addition of meso-diaminopimelic acid to the nucleotide precursor UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate (UMAG) in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. Belongs to the MurCDEF family. MurE subfamily. (494 aa)
mraYphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide transferase; First step of the lipid cycle reactions in the biosynthesis of the cell wall peptidoglycan; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 4 family. MraY subfamily. (324 aa)
murDUDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamate ligase; Cell wall formation. Catalyzes the addition of glutamate to the nucleotide precursor UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine (UMA). Belongs to the MurCDEF family. (451 aa)
spoVEFactor for spore cortex peptidoglycan synthesis (stage V sporulation); May play an essential role not only during sporulation, but also during vegetative growth; Belongs to the SEDS family. SpoVE subfamily. (366 aa)
murGUndecaprenyl-PP-MurNAc-pentapeptide-UDPGlcNAc GlcNAc transferase; Cell wall formation. Catalyzes the transfer of a GlcNAc subunit on undecaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-MurNAc-pentapeptide (lipid intermediate I) to form undecaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-MurNAc- (pentapeptide)GlcNAc (lipid intermediate II); Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 28 family. MurG subfamily. (363 aa)
murBUDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase; Cell wall formation. (303 aa)
divIBCell-division initiation protein; Cell division protein that may be involved in stabilizing or promoting the assembly of the division complex. Plays an essential role in division at high temperatures, maybe by protecting FtsL from degradation or by promoting formation of the FtsL-DivIC complex. May modulate the transpeptidase activity of PBP-2B. Also required for efficient sporulation at all temperatures. Could be directly involved in the engulfment process or be required to form a sporulation septum competent for engulfment. Influences the Spo0J/Soj system of chromosome segregation. B [...] (263 aa)
ftsACell-division protein essential fo Z-ring assembly; Cell division protein that is required for the assembly of the Z ring. May serve as a membrane anchor for the Z ring (By similarity). Binds and hydrolyzes ATP. Also involved in sporulation (Probable). Belongs to the FtsA/MreB family. (440 aa)
ftsZCell-division initiation protein; Essential cell division protein that forms a contractile ring structure (Z ring) at the future cell division site. The regulation of the ring assembly controls the timing and the location of cell division. One of the functions of the FtsZ ring is to recruit other cell division proteins to the septum to produce a new cell wall between the dividing cells. Binds GTP and shows GTPase activity. (382 aa)
sepFCell division machinery factor; Cell division protein that is part of the divisome complex and is recruited early to the Z-ring. Probably stimulates Z-ring formation, perhaps through the cross-linking of FtsZ protofilaments. Its function overlaps with FtsA; Belongs to the SepF family. (151 aa)
divIVACell-division initiation protein; May act as a pilot protein, directing MinCD to the polar septation sites or by inhibiting MinCD at the midcell site of division. Required for polar localization of the chromosome during sporulation. (164 aa)
dacCD-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase; Catalyzes DD-carboxypeptidase and transpeptidation reactions. (491 aa)
yodJD-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase lipoprotein; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme. (273 aa)
gpsBCell division protein; Divisome component that associates with the complex late in its assembly, after the Z-ring is formed, and is dependent on DivIC and PBP2B for its recruitment to the divisome. Together with EzrA, is a key component of the system that regulates PBP1 localization during cell cycle progression. Its main role could be the removal of PBP1 from the cell pole after pole maturation is completed. Also contributes to the recruitment of PBP1 to the division complex. Not essential for septum formation; Belongs to the GpsB family. (98 aa)
ponAPeptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (penicillin-binding proteins 1A and 1B); Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (cross- linking of the peptide subunits). (914 aa)
dacBD-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase (penicillin-binding protein 5*); Removes C-terminal D-alanyl residues from sugar-peptide cell wall precursors. Required specifically for the synthesis of the spore form of peptidoglycan (cortex). (382 aa)
dacFD-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase (penicilin binding protein); Removes C-terminal D-alanyl residues from sugar-peptide cell wall precursors. (389 aa)
pbpATranspeptidase (penicillin-binding protein 2A); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme. (716 aa)
comNPost-transcriptional regulator; Required for post-transcription initiation control of the comE operon. Promotes the accumulation of its target comE mRNA to septal and polar sites. (98 aa)
minDATPase activator of MinC; ATPase required for the correct placement of the division site. Cell division inhibitors MinC and MinD act in concert to form an inhibitor capable of blocking formation of the polar Z ring septums. Rapidly oscillates between the poles of the cell to destabilize FtsZ filaments that have formed before they mature into polar Z rings (By similarity); Belongs to the ParA family. MinD subfamily. (268 aa)
minCCell-division regulator (septum placement); Cell division inhibitor that blocks the formation of polar Z ring septums. Rapidly oscillates between the poles of the cell to destabilize FtsZ filaments that have formed before they mature into polar Z rings. Prevents FtsZ polymerization. The MinCD complex plays an important role in asymmetric septum formation during sporulation of B.subtilis cells. (226 aa)
mreDCell-shape determining protein; Involved in formation of the rod shape of the cell. May also contribute to regulation of formation of penicillin-binding proteins (By similarity). (172 aa)
mreCCell-shape determining protein; Involved in formation and maintenance of cell shape. Required for the formation of proper helical filaments of MreB and for cell wall synthesis in the cylindrical part of the cell leading to cell elongation; Belongs to the MreC family. (290 aa)
mreBCell-shape determining protein; Forms membrane-associated dynamic filaments that are essential for cell shape determination. Acts by regulating cell wall synthesis and cell elongation, and thus cell shape. A feedback loop between cell geometry and MreB localization may maintain elongated cell shape by targeting cell wall growth to regions of negative cell wall curvature (By similarity). Filaments rotate around the cell circumference in concert with the cell wall synthesis enzymes. The process is driven by the cell wall synthesis machinery and does not depend on MreB polymerization. The [...] (337 aa)
radCPutative DNA repair protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pf: putative factor. (231 aa)
mafSeptum formation DNA-binding protein; Nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes dTTP and UTP. Can also hydrolyze CTP and the modified nucleotides pseudo- UTP, 5-methyl-CTP (m(5)CTP) and 5-methyl-UTP (m(5)UTP). May have a dual role in cell division arrest and in preventing the incorporation of modified nucleotides into cellular nucleic acids. (189 aa)
yshAConserved hypothetical protein; Activator of cell division through the inhibition of FtsZ GTPase activity, therefore promoting FtsZ assembly into bundles of protofilaments necessary for the formation of the division Z ring. It is recruited early at mid-cell but it is not essential for cell division (By similarity); Belongs to the ZapA family. Type 2 subfamily. (85 aa)
ezrANegative regulator of FtsZ ring formation; Negative regulator of FtsZ ring formation; modulates the frequency and position of FtsZ ring formation. Inhibits FtsZ ring formation at polar sites. Interacts either with FtsZ or with one of its binding partners to promote depolymerization. (562 aa)
refZRegulator of FtsZ; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type r: regulator. (207 aa)
murCUDP-N-acetyl muramate-alanine ligase; Cell wall formation; Belongs to the MurCDEF family. (432 aa)
pbpDPenicillin-binding protein 4; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the transpeptidase family. (624 aa)
cwlOSecreted cell wall DL-endopeptidase; The C-terminal part of CwlO shows a cell wall hydrolytic DL- endopeptidase activity; Belongs to the peptidase C40 family. (473 aa)
minJTopological determinant of cell division; The main function of the Min system is to promote the disassembly of the cytokinetic ring after cell division, thereby ensuring that division occurs only once per cell cycle. MinJ acts as a bridge between DivIVA and MinD. May modulate activity and localization of MinD and MinC through direct interaction with MinD. (397 aa)
ftsXCell-division ABC transporter; Part of the ABC transporter FtsEX involved in asymmetric cellular division facilitating the initiation of sporulation. May act as an importer, possibly at the top of a hierarchical cascade leading to the correct temporal initiation of sporulation. Acts upstream of the histidine kinases KinA, KinB and KinC, the RapA phosphatase and the Spo0A sporulation protein; Belongs to the ABC-4 integral membrane protein family. FtsX subfamily. (296 aa)
ftsECell-division ABC transporter (ATP-binding protein); Part of the ABC transporter FtsEX involved in sporulation. May act as an importer, possibly at the top of a hierarchical cascade leading to the correct temporal initiation of sporulation. Acts upstream of the histidine kinases KinA, KinB and KinC, the RapA phosphatase and the Spo0A sporulation protein. (228 aa)
mblMreB-like morphogen; Forms membrane-associated dynamic filaments that are essential for cell shape determination. Acts by regulating cell wall synthesis and cell elongation, and thus cell shape. A feedback loop between cell geometry and Mbl localization may maintain elongated cell shape by targeting cell wall growth to regions of negative cell wall curvature (By similarity). Filaments rotate around the cell circumference in concert with the cell wall synthesis enzymes. The process is driven by the cell wall synthesis machinery and does not depend on Mbl polymerization. Organizes peptid [...] (333 aa)
murAAUDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase; Cell wall formation. Adds enolpyruvyl to UDP-N- acetylglucosamine. Essential for cell growth; Belongs to the EPSP synthase family. MurA subfamily. (436 aa)
racAChromosome-anchoring protein RacA; Required for the formation of axial filaments and for anchoring the origin regions at the cell poles in sporulating cells, thus ensuring proper chromosome segregation in the prespore. Binds in a dispersed manner throughout the chromosome but preferentially to sites clustered in the origin portion of the chromosome, causing condensation of the chromosome and its remodeling into an elongated, anchored structure; Belongs to the RacA family. (184 aa)
murABUDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase; Cell wall formation. Adds enolpyruvyl to UDP-N- acetylglucosamine; Belongs to the EPSP synthase family. MurA subfamily. (429 aa)
pbpGSporulation specific penicillin-binding protein; Involved in the polymerization and cross-linking of spore peptidoglycan. May be required for synthesis of the spore germ cell wall, the first layer of peptidoglycan synthesized on the surface of the inner forespore membrane; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the transpeptidase family. (691 aa)
rodAFactor involved in extension of the lateral walls of the cell; Peptidoglycan polymerase that is essential for cell wall elongation. Also required for the maintenance of the rod cell shape. Belongs to the SEDS family. MrdB/RodA subfamily. (393 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bacillus subtilis 168
NCBI taxonomy Id: 224308
Other names: B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. BGSC 1A700
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