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salA salA ybbP ybbP ybbR ybbR ndhF ndhF ybcC ybcC ybcF ybcF ybcH ybcH ybcI ybcI opuAA opuAA opuAB opuAB opuAC opuAC putB putB putC putC putP putP putR putR ydaO ydaO opuE opuE yfkC yfkC yfkA yfkA yfjT yfjT crcBA crcBA yhdV yhdV yhdX yhdX yhdY yhdY nhaC nhaC yhaJ yhaJ yjiA yjiA proG proG proB proB proA proA ktrD ktrD ykuT ykuT ktrC ktrC proJ proJ proH proH yocR yocR yocS yocS yojJ yojJ yoyD yoyD yodF yodF fer fer proI proI yqfF yqfF comER comER yrbD yrbD opuD opuD gbsB gbsB gbsA gbsA yuaC yuaC ktrA ktrA ktrB ktrB yufS yufS mrpA mrpA mrpB mrpB mrpC mrpC mrpD mrpD mrpE mrpE mrpF mrpF mrpG mrpG yumC yumC putM putM nhaK nhaK opuBD opuBD opuBC opuBC opuBB opuBB opuBA opuBA yvaV yvaV opuCD opuCD opuCC opuCC opuCB opuCB opuCA opuCA yvbF yvbF mscL mscL ureC ureC ureB ureB ureA ureA rocC rocC rocB rocB yxkD yxkD hutP hutP hutH hutH hutU hutU hutI hutI hutG hutG hutM hutM argI argI rocE rocE rocD rocD rocR rocR cdnD cdnD
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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salAMrp family regulator; Binds and transfers iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters to target apoproteins. Can hydrolyze ATP; Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. (352 aa)
ybbPPutative enzyme with DAC domain protein; One of 3 paralogous diadenylate cyclases (DAC) in this bacteria, catalyzing the condensation of 2 ATP molecules into cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) (Probable). Upon expression in E.coli leads to c-di- AMP synthesis. Probably the main producer of c-di-AMP for the cell; is probably implicated in control of peptidogylcan synthesis. In B.subtilis c-di-AMP is a second messenger that mediates growth, DNA repair and cell wall homeostasis; it is toxic when present in excess. (273 aa)
ybbRConserved hypothetical protein; Upon coexpression in E.coli stimulates the diadenylate cyclase activity of CdaA about 20-fold. In B.subtilis c-di-AMP is a second messenger that mediates growth, DNA repair and cell wall homeostasis; it is toxic when present in excess. (483 aa)
ndhFPutative NADH dehydrogenase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative enzyme; Belongs to the complex I subunit 5 family. (505 aa)
ybcCConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function; Belongs to the UPF0753 family. (871 aa)
ybcFPutative carbonic anhydrase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme; Belongs to the beta-class carbonic anhydrase family. (175 aa)
ybcHHypothetical protein; Evidence 5: No homology to any previously reported sequences. (96 aa)
ybcIConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (124 aa)
opuAAGlycine betaine ABC transporter (ATP-binding protein); Involved in a multicomponent binding-protein-dependent transport system for glycine betaine. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (418 aa)
opuABGlycine betaine ABC transporter (permease); Involved in a multicomponent binding-protein-dependent transport system for glycine betaine; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (282 aa)
opuACGlycine betaine ABC transporter (glycine betaine-binding lipoprotein); Involved in a multicomponent binding-protein-dependent transport system for glycine betaine. (293 aa)
putBProline oxidase; Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Important for the use of proline as a sole carbon and energy source or a sole nitrogen source. (303 aa)
putC1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase; Important for the use of proline as a sole carbon and energy source or a sole nitrogen source. (515 aa)
putPProline permease; Catalyzes the high-affinity uptake of extracellular proline. Important for the use of proline as a sole carbon and energy source or a sole nitrogen source. (473 aa)
putRTranscriptional activator of proline degradation operon; Activates transcription of the putBCP operon. Requires proline as a coactivator. (411 aa)
ydaOPutative metabolite transporter; High-affinity potassium transporter. (607 aa)
opuEProline transporter; Catalyzes the uptake of extracellular proline under high- osmolarity growth conditions. Essential for the use of proline present in the environment as an osmoprotectant. (492 aa)
yfkCPutative mechanosensitive ion channel; May play a role in resistance to osmotic downshock. Belongs to the MscS (TC 1.A.23) family. (280 aa)
yfkAPutative Fe-S oxidoreductase, radical SAM superfamily; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (373 aa)
yfjTConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (61 aa)
crcBAIntegral membrane protein possibly involved in chromosome condensation; Important for reducing fluoride concentration in the cell, thus reducing its toxicity; Belongs to the CrcB (TC 9.B.71) family. (118 aa)
yhdVIntegral membrane protein possibly involved in chromosome condensation; Important for reducing fluoride concentration in the cell, thus reducing its toxicity; Belongs to the CrcB (TC 9.B.71) family. (131 aa)
yhdXConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (35 aa)
yhdYPutative integral membrane protein; May play a role in resistance to osmotic downshock. (371 aa)
nhaCNa+/H+ antiporter; Is a secondary, electrogenic Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that catalyzes Na(+) uptake and proton efflux. Makes modest contributions to pH homeostasis in the alkaline range of pH but is not contributor to Na(+) resistance. Appears to have a repressive effect on growth and on alkaline phosphatases production in the presence of sodium, by affecting the transcription of the phoP/phoR two-component regulatory system. (453 aa)
yhaJPutative bacteriocin; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative factor. (172 aa)
yjiAHypothetical protein; Evidence 5: No homology to any previously reported sequences. (92 aa)
proGRedundant pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase; Catalyzes the reduction of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (PCA) to L-proline. (272 aa)
proBGlutamate 5-kinase; Catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group to glutamate to form L-glutamate 5-phosphate. (365 aa)
proAGamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of L-glutamate 5- phosphate into L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde and phosphate. The product spontaneously undergoes cyclization to form 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Belongs to the gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase family. (415 aa)
ktrDK+-transporting ATPase; Integral membrane subunit of the KtrCD potassium uptake transporter. The 2 major potassium transporter complexes KtrAB and KtrCD confer resistance to both suddenly imposed and prolonged osmotic stress; Belongs to the TrkH potassium transport family. Ktr (TC 2.A.38.4) subfamily. (449 aa)
ykuTPutative small-conductance mechanosensitive channel; May play a role in resistance to osmotic downshock. Belongs to the MscS (TC 1.A.23) family. (267 aa)
ktrCPotassium uptake protein; Catalytic subunit of the KtrCD potassium uptake transporter. The 2 major potassium transporter complexes KtrAB and KtrCD confer resistance to both suddenly imposed and prolonged osmotic stress. (221 aa)
proJGlutamate 5-kinase; Catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group to glutamate to form L-glutamate 5-phosphate. (371 aa)
proHPyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase; Catalyzes the reduction of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (PCA) to L-proline. (297 aa)
yocRPutative sodium-dependent transporter; Putative sodium-dependent transporter; Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. (445 aa)
yocSPutative sodium-dependent transporter; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pt: putative transporter. (321 aa)
yojJPutative enzyme with DAC domain; One of 3 paralogous diadenylate cyclases (DAC) in this bacteria, catalyzing the condensation of 2 ATP molecules into cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) (Probable). Upon expression in E.coli leads to c-di- AMP synthesis. Overexpression of the hyperactive mutant (L44F) in the absence of c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase GdpP leads to growth defects in log phase (long curly cell filaments) that disappear upon sporulation; spore formation is normal, showing sporulation is insensitive to the excess c-di-AMP. In B.subtilis c-di-AMP is a second messenger that mediates growth, [...] (207 aa)
yoyDPutative exported protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pf: putative factor. (66 aa)
yodFPutative Na+/metabolite permease; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pt: putative transporter; Belongs to the sodium:solute symporter (SSF) (TC 2.A.21) family. (496 aa)
ferFerredoxin; Ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. This ferredoxin may act as a phosphodonor to cytochrome P450 BioI. (82 aa)
proIPyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase; Catalyzes the reduction of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (PCA) to L-proline. (278 aa)
yqfFPutative membrane associate hydrolase; Probably has phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity against cyclic- di-AMP (c-di-AMP); may be the major c-di-AMP PDE in the cell. In B.subtilis c-di-AMP is a second messenger that mediates growth, DNA repair and cell wall homeostasis; it is toxic when present in excess. (711 aa)
comERPutative pyrroline-5'-carboxylate reductase; Dispensable for transformability. Not known if it can act as a pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. (273 aa)
yrbDSodium/proton-dependent alanine transporter; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; transporter. (484 aa)
opuDGlycine betaine transporter; High-affinity uptake of glycine betaine. Does not mediate either carnitine or choline uptake; Belongs to the BCCT transporter (TC 2.A.15) family. (512 aa)
gbsBCholine dehydrogenase; Involved in the biosynthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from choline; Belongs to the iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (402 aa)
gbsAGlycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, NAD+-dependent; Involved in the biosynthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from choline. Catalyzes the oxidation of betaine aldehyde to betaine. Shows specificity for betaine aldehyde as substrate. Can use both NAD(+) and NADP(+), but NAD(+) is strongly preferred. (490 aa)
yuaCPutative transcriptional regulator; Negatively regulates the expression of the gbsAB and opuB operons. Required to control expression of these genes in response to choline availability. Also required to downregulate glycine betaine production once cellular adjustment to high osmolarity has been achieved; Belongs to the GbsR family. (180 aa)
ktrAPotassium uptake protein; Catalytic subunit of the KtrAB potassium uptake transporter. The 2 major potassium transporter complexes KtrAB and KtrCD confer resistance to both suddenly imposed and prolonged osmotic stress. (222 aa)
ktrBPotassium transporter ATPase; Integral membrane subunit of the KtrAB potassium uptake transporter. The 2 major potassium transporter complexes KtrAB and KtrCD confer resistance to both suddenly imposed and prolonged osmotic stress. (445 aa)
yufSPutative bacteriocin; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative factor. (71 aa)
mrpASodium transporter component of a Na+/H+ antiporter; Mrp complex is a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that is considered to be the major Na(+) excretion system in B.subtilis. Has a major role in Na(+) resistance and a minor role in Na(+)- and K(+)-dependent pH homeostasis as compared to TetB. MrpA may be the actual Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, although the six other Mrp proteins are all required for Na(+)/H(+) antiport activity and Na(+) resistance. MrpA is required for initiation of sporulation when external Na(+) concentration increases. Also transports Li(+) but not K(+), Ca(2+) or Mg(2+). Belongs [...] (801 aa)
mrpBNa+/H+ antiporter complex; Mrp complex is a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that is considered to be the major Na(+) excretion system in B.subtilis. Has a major role in Na(+) resistance and a minor role in Na(+)- and K(+)-dependent pH homeostasis as compared to TetB. MrpA may be the actual Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, although the six other Mrp proteins are all required for Na(+)/H(+) antiport activity and Na(+) resistance. MrpA is required for initiation of sporulation when external Na(+) concentration increases. Also transports Li(+) but not K(+), Ca(2+) or Mg(2+). Belongs to the CPA3 antiporters (T [...] (143 aa)
mrpCComponent of Na+/H+ antiporter; Mrp complex is a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that is considered to be the major Na(+) excretion system in B.subtilis. Has a major role in Na(+) resistance and a minor role in Na(+)- and K(+)-dependent pH homeostasis as compared to TetB. MrpA may be the actual Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, although the six other Mrp proteins are all required for Na(+)/H(+) antiport activity and Na(+) resistance. MrpA is required for initiation of sporulation when external Na(+) concentration increases. Also transports Li(+) but not K(+), Ca(2+) or Mg(2+). Belongs to the CPA3 antiporte [...] (113 aa)
mrpDProton transporter component of Na+/H+ antiporter; Mrp complex is a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that is considered to be the major Na(+) excretion system in B.subtilis. Has a major role in Na(+) resistance and a minor role in Na(+)- and K(+)-dependent pH homeostasis as compared to TetB. MrpA may be the actual Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, although the six other Mrp proteins are all required for Na(+)/H(+) antiport activity and Na(+) resistance. MrpA is required for initiation of sporulation when external Na(+) concentration increases. Also transports Li(+) but not K(+), Ca(2+) or Mg(2+). Belongs to [...] (493 aa)
mrpENon essential component of Na+/H+ antiporter; Mrp complex is a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that is considered to be the major Na(+) excretion system in B.subtilis. Has a major role in Na(+) resistance and a minor role in Na(+)- and K(+)-dependent pH homeostasis as compared to TetB. MrpA may be the actual Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, although the six other Mrp proteins are all required for Na(+)/H(+) antiport activity and Na(+) resistance. MrpA is required for initiation of sporulation when external Na(+) concentration increases. Also transports Li(+) but not K(+), Ca(2+) or Mg(2+). Belongs to the [...] (158 aa)
mrpFEfflux transporter for Na+ and cholate; Mrp complex is a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that is considered to be the major Na(+) excretion system in B.subtilis. Has a major role in Na(+) resistance and a minor role in Na(+)- and K(+)-dependent pH homeostasis as compared to TetB. MrpA may be the actual Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, although the six other Mrp proteins are all required for Na(+)/H(+) antiport activity and Na(+) resistance. MrpA is required for initiation of sporulation when external Na(+) concentration increases. Also transports Li(+) but not K(+), Ca(2+) or Mg(2+). (94 aa)
mrpGNon essential component of Na+/H+ antiporter; May enhance MrpA stability, assembly, or function. May play chaperone or assembly roles for MrpA and perhaps for other mrp proteins. (124 aa)
yumCferredoxin-NADP+ reductase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 2 family. (332 aa)
putMProline dehydrogenase 1; Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. (302 aa)
nhaKNa+/H+ antiporter; Transporter involved in the efflux of sodium, potassium, lithium and rubidium. (670 aa)
opuBDCholine ABC transporter (permease); Involved in a high affinity multicomponent binding-protein- dependent transport system for choline; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (226 aa)
opuBCCholine ABC transporter (choline-binding lipoprotein); Member of a high affinity multicomponent binding-protein- dependent transport system for choline. (306 aa)
opuBBCholine ABC transporter (permease); Involved in a high affinity multicomponent binding-protein- dependent transport system for choline; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. (217 aa)
opuBACholine ABC transporter (ATP-binding protein); Involved in a high affinity multicomponent binding-protein- dependent transport system for choline. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (381 aa)
yvaVPutative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator; Belongs to the GbsR family. (177 aa)
opuCDGlycine betaine/carnitine/choline/choline sulfate ABC transporter (permease); Involved in a high affinity multicomponent binding-protein- dependent transport system for glycine betaine, carnitine and choline; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane; Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. CysTW subfamily. (229 aa)
opuCCGlycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein OpuCC; Member of a high affinity multicomponent binding-protein- dependent transport system for glycine betaine, carnitine, and choline. Belongs to the OsmX family. (303 aa)
opuCBGlycine betaine/carnitine/choline/choline sulfate ABC transporter (permease); Involved in a high affinity multicomponent binding-protein- dependent transport system for glycine betaine, carnitine and choline; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane; Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. CysTW subfamily. (217 aa)
opuCAGlycine betaine/carnitine/choline/choline sulfate ABC transporter (ATP-binding protein); Involved in a high affinity multicomponent binding-protein- dependent transport system for glycine betaine, carnitine and choline; probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (380 aa)
yvbFPutative transcriptional regulator; Negatively regulates the transcription of the opuC operon. In the absence of GbsR, is also a negative regulator of the opuB operon. Binds to an inverted repeat in the promoter region of the operons. (185 aa)
mscLLarge conductance mechanosensitive channel protein; Channel that opens in response to stretch forces in the membrane lipid bilayer. Forms a nonselective ion channel with a conductance of about 4 nanosiemens. May participate in the regulation of osmotic pressure changes within the cell. (130 aa)
ureCUrease (alpha subunit); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Urease alpha subunit family. (569 aa)
ureBUrease (beta subunit); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the urease beta subunit family. (124 aa)
ureAUrease (gamma subunit); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the urease gamma subunit family. (105 aa)
rocCArginine/ornithine permease; Putative transport protein involved in arginine degradative pathway. Probably transports arginine or ornithine. (470 aa)
rocBPutative N-deacylase involved in arginine and ornithine utilization; Involved in arginine degradative pathway. (566 aa)
yxkDEfflux transporter; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; transporter. (278 aa)
hutPTranscriptional antiterminator; Antiterminator that binds to cis-acting regulatory sequences on the mRNA in the presence of histidine, thereby suppressing transcription termination and activating the hut operon for histidine utilization; Belongs to the HutP family. (148 aa)
hutHHistidine ammonia-lyase (histidase); Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme. (508 aa)
hutUUrocanase; Catalyzes the conversion of urocanate to 4-imidazolone-5- propionate; Belongs to the urocanase family. (552 aa)
hutIImidazolone-5-propionate hydrolase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme. (421 aa)
hutGFormiminoglutamate hydrolase; Catalyzes the conversion of N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate to L- glutamate and formamide. (319 aa)
hutMHistidine permease; Evidence 2b: Function of strongly homologous gene; Product type t: transporter. (475 aa)
argIArginase; Involved in the catabolism of arginine. Belongs to the arginase family. (296 aa)
rocEArginine/ornithine/gamma-aminobutyrate permease; Putative transport protein involved in arginine degradative pathway. Probably transports arginine or ornithine. (467 aa)
rocDOrnithine aminotransferase; Catalyzes the interconversion of ornithine to glutamate semialdehyde. Controls arginine catabolism. (401 aa)
rocRTranscriptional regulator (NtrC/NifA family); Positive regulator of arginine catabolism. Controls the transcription of the two operons rocABC and rocDEF and probably acts by binding to the corresponding upstream activating sequences. (461 aa)
cdnDPhosphodiesterase acting on cyclic dinucleotides; Has phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity against cyclic-di-AMP (c-di-AMP) and to a much lesser extent against cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) in the DHH/DHHA1 domains. Also has ATPase activity, probably via the GGDEF domain. Overexpression leads to increased sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and H(2)O(2). Overexpression leads to extreme sensitivity to the beta-lactam antibiotic cefuroxime (CEF), probably dependent on PDE activity. May monitor cellular heme or NO levels. In B.subtilis c-di-AMP is a second messenger that mediates growth, [...] (659 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bacillus subtilis 168
NCBI taxonomy Id: 224308
Other names: B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. BGSC 1A700
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