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abrB | Transcriptional regulator for transition state genes; Ambiactive repressor and activator of the transcription of genes expressed during the transition state between vegetative growth and the onset of stationary phase and sporulation. It controls the expression of genes spovG and tycA. AbrB binds to the tycA promoter region at two A- and T-rich sites, it may be the sole repressor of tycA transcription; To B.subtilis Abh and SpoVT. (96 aa) | ||||
spoVG | Regulator required for spore cortex synthesis (stage V sporulation); Essential for sporulation. Interferes with or is a negative regulator of the pathway leading to asymmetric septation. Belongs to the SpoVG family. (97 aa) | ||||
sigH | RNA polymerase sigma-30 factor (sigma(H)); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in the transition to post- exponential phase in the beginning of sporulation. It is also required for transcription of several stationary phase genes. (218 aa) | ||||
kbaA | Inner membrane protein involved in activation of the KinB signaling pathway to sporulation; Involved in the activation of the KinB signaling pathway of sporulation. (198 aa) | ||||
yisI | Spo0A-P phosphatase; Aspartyl-phosphate phosphatase which specifically dephosphorylates the sporulation transcription factor Spo0A-P and negatively regulates the sporulation initiation pathway in order to control the proper timing of sporulation. Belongs to the spo0E family. (56 aa) | ||||
kinE | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory protein spo0A under biofilm growth conditions. Also able to weakly phosphorylate spo0F. (738 aa) | ||||
spo0E | Negative regulatory phosphatase acting on Spo0A-P (sporulation); Aspartyl-phosphate phosphatase which specifically dephosphorylates the sporulation transcription factor Spo0A-P and negatively regulates the sporulation initiation pathway in order to control the proper timing of sporulation. Belongs to the spo0E family. (85 aa) | ||||
kinD | Histidine kinase phosphorylating Spo0A; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory protein spo0F and, to a minor extent, is responsible for heterogeneous expression of spo0A during logarithmical growth. Also phosphorylates spo0A under biofilm growth conditions. (506 aa) | ||||
kinC | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory protein spo0A. (428 aa) | ||||
ynzD | Spo0A-P phosphatase; Aspartyl-phosphate phosphatase which specifically dephosphorylates the sporulation transcription factor Spo0A-P and negatively regulates the sporulation initiation pathway in order to control the proper timing of sporulation. Belongs to the spo0E family. (57 aa) | ||||
spo0A | Response regulator; May play the central regulatory role in sporulation. It may be an element of the effector pathway responsible for the activation of sporulation genes in response to nutritional stress. Spo0A may act in concert with Spo0H (a sigma factor) to control the expression of some genes that are critical to the sporulation process. Repressor of abrB, activator of the spoIIa operon. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-TGNCGAA-3' (0A box). (267 aa) | ||||
sinI | Antagonist of SinR; Acts as an antagonist to SinR. SinI prevents SinR from binding to its target sequence on the gene for AprE. (57 aa) | ||||
sinR | Master regulator of biofilm formation; Negative as well as positive regulator of alternate developmental processes that are induced at the end of vegetative growth in response to nutrient depletion. Binds to the alkaline protease (aprE) gene at two sites. Also acts as a repressor of the key sporulation gene spo0A. Negatively regulates transcription of the eps operon, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of an exopolysaccharide involved in biofilm formation; therefore it could govern the transition between a state in which bacteria swim or swarm and a state in which bacteria assemb [...] (111 aa) | ||||
tasA | Major biofilm matrix component; TasA is the major protein component of the biofilm extracellular matrix. It forms amyloid fibers that bind cells together in the biofilm. Exhibits an antibacterial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In laboratory strains, is also involved in proper spore coat assembly. (261 aa) | ||||
sipW | Type I signal peptidase; Required for the cleavage of the signal sequence of TasA and TapA, which are involved in biofilm formation. Belongs to the peptidase S26B family. (190 aa) | ||||
tapA | Lipoprotein for biofilm formation; Required for biofilm formation. Required for the proper anchoring and polymerization of TasA amyloid fibers at the cell surface. Is also a minor component of TasA fibers. (253 aa) | ||||
coxA | Spore cortex protein; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type f: factor. (198 aa) | ||||
spo0B | Sporulation initiation phosphotransferase; Key element in the phosphorelay regulating sporulation initiation. Acts on spo0A. Mediates reversible phosphoryl transfer from spo0F to spo0A. (192 aa) | ||||
bslA | Biofilm hydrophobic layer component; Involved in biofilm formation. Self-polymerizes and forms a layer on the surface of biofilms that confers hydrophobicity to the biofilm. The layer is stable and capable of resistance to high mechanical force compression. Required for complex colony architecture. May function synergistically with exopolysaccharides and TasA amyloid fibers to facilitate the assembly of the biofilm matrix. (181 aa) | ||||
kinB | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory proteins spo0A and spo0F. Spo0F is required for the KinB activity. (428 aa) | ||||
kapB | Factor required for KinB signal transduction and activation of the phosphorelay to sporulation; May play a role in the activation or the expression of KinB. (128 aa) | ||||
epsO | Putative pyruvyl transferase; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles; Belongs to the polysaccharide pyruvyl transferase family. (322 aa) | ||||
epsN | Putative aminotransferase; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles. (388 aa) | ||||
epsM | Putative O-acetyltransferase; Catalyzes the conversion of UDP-2,4,6-trideoxy-2-acetamido-4- amino glucose to UDP-2,4,6-trideoxy-2,4-diacetamido glucose, commonly known as UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine (UDP-diNAcBac). Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family. (216 aa) | ||||
epsL | Putative phosphotransferase involved in extracellular matrix synthesis; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles. (202 aa) | ||||
epsK | Putative extracellular matrix component exporter; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles. (505 aa) | ||||
epsJ | Putative glycosyl transferase; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. (344 aa) | ||||
epsI | Putative polysaccharide pyruvyl transferase; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles; Belongs to the polysaccharide pyruvyl transferase family. (358 aa) | ||||
epsH | Putative glycosyltransferase involved in biofilm formation; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles. Required for biofilm maintenance; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. (344 aa) | ||||
epsG | Biofilm extracellular matrix formation enzyme; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles. Required for biofilm maintenance. (367 aa) | ||||
epsF | Putative glycosyltransferase involved in extracellular matrix formation; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles. Required for biofilm maintenance; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily. (384 aa) | ||||
epsE | Bifunctional flagellar clutch and glycosyltransferase; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles. Required for biofilm maintenance; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. (278 aa) | ||||
epsD | Putative extracellular matrix biosynthesis enzyme; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles. Required for biofilm maintenance; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily. (381 aa) | ||||
epsC | Putative UDP-sugar epimerase; Involved in biofilm formation; Belongs to the polysaccharide synthase family. (598 aa) | ||||
epsB | Protein tyrosine kinase; Evidence 2b: Function of strongly homologous gene; enzyme; Belongs to the CpsD/CapB family. (227 aa) | ||||
epsA | Modulator of protein tyrosine kinase EpsB; Evidence 2b: Function of strongly homologous gene; regulator. (234 aa) | ||||
slrR | Transcriptional regulator of autolysin genes; Represses sigma(D)-dependent flagellar genes and activate the eps and yqxM operons. Repressor activity is regulated by SlrA. Controls the initiation of biofilm formation. (152 aa) | ||||
rapB | Response regulator aspartate phosphatase; Prevents sporulation by dephosphorylating Spo0F. (377 aa) | ||||
spo0F | Two-component response regulator; Key element in the phosphorelay regulating sporulation initiation. Phosphorylation of spo0B during sporulation initiation. (124 aa) | ||||
ywcC | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (223 aa) | ||||
slrA | Anti-repressor of SlrR; Required specifically for induction of eps and yqxM operons by antagonizing SinR. Regulates SlrR activity. Controls the initiation of biofilm formation. (52 aa) |