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dnaN dnaN recF recF gyrB gyrB gyrA gyrA dnaX dnaX recR recR holB holB topB topB pcrA pcrA recX recX addB addB addA addA sbcD sbcD sbcC sbcC yisB yisB yjcD yjcD recG recG topA topA polC polC recA recA mutS mutS mutL mutL lexA lexA parE parE parC parC rtbI rtbI yorL yorL ypcP ypcP recU recU dnaD dnaD dinG dinG recQ recQ yqxK yqxK recN recN dnaG dnaG recO recO holA holA recJ recJ uvrC uvrC dnaI dnaI dnaB dnaB mutM mutM polA polA dnaE dnaE yurQ yurQ helD helD uvrA uvrA uvrB uvrB dnaC dnaC ssbA ssbA
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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a 3D structure is known or predicted
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experimentally determined
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dnaNDNA polymerase III (beta subunit); Confers DNA tethering and processivity to DNA polymerases and other proteins. Acts as a clamp, forming a ring around DNA (a reaction catalyzed by the clamp-loading complex) which diffuses in an ATP- independent manner freely and bidirectionally along dsDNA. Initially characterized for its ability to contact the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase III (Pol III), a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria; Pol III exhibits 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activity. The beta chain is required for initiation o [...] (378 aa)
recFDNA repair and genetic recombination factor; The RecF protein is involved in DNA metabolism; it is required for DNA replication and normal SOS inducibility. RecF binds preferentially to single-stranded, linear DNA. It also seems to bind ATP. Is recruited to repair centers, foci that are the site of double- strand DNA break(s) after RecN and RecO; recruitment may depend on RecO. (370 aa)
gyrBDNA gyrase (subunit B); A type II topoisomerase that negatively supercoils closed circular double-stranded (ds) DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to modulate DNA topology and maintain chromosomes in an underwound state. Negative supercoiling favors strand separation, and DNA replication, transcription, recombination and repair, all of which involve strand separation. Also able to catalyze the interconversion of other topological isomers of dsDNA rings, including catenanes and knotted rings. Type II topoisomerases break and join 2 DNA strands simultaneously in an ATP-dependent manner. (638 aa)
gyrADNA gyrase (subunit A); A type II topoisomerase that negatively supercoils closed circular double-stranded (ds) DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to modulate DNA topology and maintain chromosomes in an underwound state. Negative supercoiling favors strand separation, and DNA replication, transcription, recombination and repair, all of which involve strand separation. Also able to catalyze the interconversion of other topological isomers of dsDNA rings, including catenanes and knotted rings. Type II topoisomerases break and join 2 DNA strands simultaneously in an ATP-dependent manner. (821 aa)
dnaXDNA polymerase III (gamma and tau subunits); DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. (563 aa)
recRDNA repair and recombination protein; May play a role in DNA repair. It seems to be involved in an RecBC-independent recombinational process of DNA repair. It may act with RecF and RecO. (198 aa)
holBDNA polymerase III delta' subunit; DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. (329 aa)
topBDNA topoisomerase III; Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA, which is introduced during the DNA replication and transcription, by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA- (5'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand, thus removing DNA su [...] (727 aa)
pcrAATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA helicase used for plasmid rolling-circle replication and also involved in UV repair. (739 aa)
recXRegulatory protein RecX; Modulates RecA activity; Belongs to the RecX family. (264 aa)
addBATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease (subunit B); The heterodimer acts as both an ATP-dependent DNA helicase and an ATP-dependent single-stranded exonuclease, acting in both directions. Recognizes the B.subtilis chi site (5'-AGCGG-3') which transforms the enzyme from a helicase which degrades both DNA strands to one with only 5' to 3' exonuclease activity. This generates a double-stranded DNA with a protruding 3'-terminated single-stranded tail suitable for the initiation of homologous recombination (chi fragment). The AddB nuclease domain is not required for chi fragment generation; this s [...] (1166 aa)
addAATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease (subunit A); An essential component of the DNA double-stranded break repair machinery, the heterodimer acts as both an ATP-dependent DNA helicase and an ATP-dependent, dual-direction single-stranded exonuclease. Recognizes the B.subtilis chi site (5'-AGCGG-3') which transforms the enzyme from a helicase which degrades both DNA strands to one with only 5' -> 3' exonuclease activity. This generates a double-stranded DNA with a protruding 3'-terminated single-stranded tail suitable for the initiation of homologous recombination (chi fragment). The AddA nucl [...] (1232 aa)
sbcDDNA repair exonuclease; SbcCD cleaves DNA hairpin structures. These structures can inhibit DNA replication and are intermediates in certain DNA recombination reactions. The complex acts as a 3'->5' double strand exonuclease that can open hairpins. It also has a 5' single-strand endonuclease activity (By similarity); Belongs to the SbcD family. (391 aa)
sbcCDNA ATP-dependent repair enzyme; SbcCD cleaves DNA hairpin structures. These structures can inhibit DNA replication and are intermediates in certain DNA recombination reactions. The complex acts as a 3'->5' double strand exonuclease that can open hairpins. It also has a 5' single-strand endonuclease activity (By similarity); Belongs to the SMC family. SbcC subfamily. (1130 aa)
yisBPutative nuclease component; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative enzyme. (100 aa)
yjcDPutative ATP-dependent DNA helicase; May be involved in the generation of recombinogenic substrates for the subsequent action of RecA. (759 aa)
recGBranch migrating ATP-dependent DNA helicase involved in DNA recombination and repair; Critical role in recombination and DNA repair. Helps process Holliday junction intermediates to mature products by catalyzing branch migration. Has a DNA unwinding activity characteristic of a DNA helicase with a 3'- to 5'- polarity. Unwinds branched duplex DNA (Y- DNA) (By similarity); Belongs to the helicase family. RecG subfamily. (682 aa)
topADNA topoisomerase I; Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA, which is introduced during the DNA replication and transcription, by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA- (5'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand, thus removing DNA supe [...] (691 aa)
polCDNA polymerase III (alpha subunit); Required for replicative DNA synthesis. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity; Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-C family. PolC subfamily. (1437 aa)
recAMultifunctional SOS repair factor; Multifunctional protein involved in homologous recombination, DNA repair and competence. Can catalyze the hydrolysis of (d)ATP in the presence of single-stranded DNA; prefers dATP at least in vitro, catalyzes the dATP-dependent uptake of single- stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the dATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs (strand exchange). RecA-ATP cannot catalyze homologous DNA strand exchange; SsbA and DprA activate strand exchange by RecA-ATP. It interacts with LexA causing its activation and leading to its autocatalytic clea [...] (348 aa)
mutSDNA mismatch repair recognition factor; This protein is involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA. It is possible that it carries out the mismatch recognition step. This protein has a weak ATPase activity (By similarity). Overexpression of mutSL partially suppresses the high spontaneous mutation frequency of a ytkD/mutM/mutY triple disruption which lacks the system required to prevent damage by oxidized guanine (8-oxo-dGTP). This suggests that MutSL also functions to repair mismatches due to oxidative stress in both growing and stationary phase cells. (858 aa)
mutLDNA mismatch repair factor; This protein is involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA. It is required for dam-dependent methyl-directed DNA mismatch repair. May act as a 'molecular matchmaker', a protein that promotes the formation of a stable complex between two or more DNA-binding proteins in an ATP-dependent manner without itself being part of a final effector complex (By similarity). Overexpression of mutSL partially suppresses the high spontaneous mutation frequency of a ytkD/mutM/mutY triple disruption which lacks the system required to prevent damage by oxidized guanine (8-oxo [...] (627 aa)
lexATranscriptional repressor of the SOS regulon; Represses dinA, dinB, dinC, recA genes and itself by binding to the 14 bp palindromic sequence 5'-CGAACNNNNGTTCG-3'; some genes have a tandem consensus sequence and their binding is cooperative. In the presence of single-stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair; autocleavage is maximal at pH 11 in the absence of RecA and ssDNA. (205 aa)
parESubunit B of DNA topoisomerase IV; Topoisomerase IV is essential for chromosome segregation. It relaxes supercoiled DNA. Performs the decatenation events required during the replication of a circular DNA molecule; Belongs to the type II topoisomerase family. ParE type 2 subfamily. (655 aa)
parCSubunit A of DNA topoisomerase IV; Topoisomerase IV is essential for chromosome segregation. It relaxes supercoiled DNA. Performs the decatenation events required during the replication of a circular DNA molecule; Belongs to the type II topoisomerase GyrA/ParC subunit family. ParC type 2 subfamily. (806 aa)
rtbIRibonuclease toxin of toxin-antitoxin systems RttI-RttJ; Probable DNA helicase. Required for DNA repair and intramolecular recombination; probably has overlapping function with RecS (AC P50729). It probably acts to help generate ss-DNA from ds-DNA breaks; Belongs to the helicase family. RecQ subfamily. (591 aa)
yorLPutative DNA polymerase; Probable DNA polymerase; Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-C family. (1305 aa)
ypcP5'3'-exonuclease; 5'-3' exonuclease acting preferentially on double-stranded DNA. (296 aa)
recUHolliday junction resolvase; Has at least 2 separable functions; Holliday junction resolution with generation of monomeric chromosomes, and modulation of RecA activity. Endonuclease that resolves Holliday junction intermediates in genetic recombination. Cleaves mobile four-strand junctions by introducing symmetrical nicks in paired strands. Promotes annealing of linear ssDNA with homologous dsDNA. Required for DNA repair, homologous recombination and chromosome segregation. Partially inhibits the hydrolysis of dATP or rATP by RecA. Holliday junction resolution is stimulated by RuvB. (206 aa)
dnaDDNA-remodelling primosomal protein; Probable component of primosome involved in the initiation of DNA replication. (232 aa)
dinGDamage inducible ATP-dependent 3'->5' nuclease; 3'-5' exonuclease. (931 aa)
recQATP-dependent DNA helicase; Probable DNA helicase. Required in synaptic and/or post- synaptic stages of recombination. Probably has overlapping function with RecQ (AC O34748). It probably acts to help generate ss-DNA from ds-DNA breaks. (496 aa)
yqxKConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function; To M.jannaschii MJ0043 N-terminal region. (387 aa)
recNFactor for double strand breaks DNA repair and genetic recombination; Involved in recombinational repair of damaged DNA. Seems to be the first protein recruited to repair centers, foci that are the site of double-strand DNA break(s), followed by RecO and then RecF. (576 aa)
dnaGDNA primase; RNA polymerase that catalyzes the synthesis of short RNA molecules used as primers for DNA polymerase during DNA replication. (603 aa)
recODNA double strand break repair and homologous recombination factor; Plays a role in DNA double-stranded break repair. It seems to be involved in an RecBC-independent recombinational process of DNA repair. It may act with RecF and RecR. Is recruited to repair centers, foci that are the site of double-strand break(s) after RecN and before RecF; may actively recruit RecF. (255 aa)
holADNA polymerase delta subunit; Evidence 2b: Function of strongly homologous gene; Product type e: enzyme. (347 aa)
recJPutative single-strand DNA-specific exonuclease; Putative single-stranded-DNA-specific exonuclease (By similarity). RecA thread formation during DNA double-strand break repair requires RecJ or AadAB; Belongs to the RecJ family. (786 aa)
uvrCExcinuclease ABC (subunit C); The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrC both incises the 5' and 3' sides of the lesion. The N-terminal half is responsible for the 3' incision and the C-terminal half is responsible for the 5' incision. (590 aa)
dnaIHelicase loader; Probably involved in DNA replication. (311 aa)
dnaBHelicase loading protein; Probable component of primosome involved in the initiation of DNA replication. It is essential for both replication initiation and membrane attachment of the origin region of the chromosome and plasmid pUB110. (472 aa)
mutMformamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosidase; Involved in the GO system responsible for removing an oxidatively damaged form of guanine (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, 8-oxo- dGTP) from DNA and the nucleotide pool. 8-oxo-dGTP is inserted opposite dA and dC residues of template DNA with almost equal efficiency thus leading to A.T to G.C transversions (By similarity). Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Acts as DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes damaged bases. Has a preference for oxidized purines, such as 8-oxo-dGTP. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidi [...] (276 aa)
polADNA polymerase I; In addition to polymerase activity, this DNA polymerase exhibits 3'-5' and 5'-3' exonuclease activity. (880 aa)
dnaEDNA polymerase III (alpha subunit); DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. The alpha chain is the DNA polymerase (By similarity); Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-C family. DnaE subfamily. (1115 aa)
yurQPutative excinuclease; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (124 aa)
helDDNA 3'-5' helicase IV; Catalyzes the unwinding of duplex DNA in the 3' to 5' direction; this reaction is dependent on the hydrolysis of ATP. (774 aa)
uvrAExcinuclease ABC (subunit A); The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrA is an ATPase and a DNA-binding protein. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. When the presence of a lesion has been verified by UvrB, the UvrA molecules dissociate. (957 aa)
uvrBExcinuclease ABC (subunit B); The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. Upon binding of the UvrA(2)B(2) complex to a putative damaged site, the DNA wraps around one UvrB monomer. DNA wrap is dependent on ATP binding by UvrB and probably causes local melting of the DNA helix, facilitating insertion of UvrB beta-hairpin between the DNA strands. Then UvrB probes one DNA strand for the presence of a lesion. If a lesion is found the UvrA subunits dissociat [...] (661 aa)
dnaCReplicative DNA helicase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the helicase family. DnaB subfamily. (454 aa)
ssbASingle-strand DNA-binding protein; Plays an important role in DNA replication, recombination and repair. Binds to ssDNA and to an array of partner proteins to recruit them to their sites of action during DNA metabolism. Has a 20-fold higher affinity for ssDNA than SsbB; SsbA and DprA activate the homologuos DNA strand exchange function of RecA-ATP. (172 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bacillus subtilis 168
NCBI taxonomy Id: 224308
Other names: B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. BGSC 1A700
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